Securities & Allowance for Securities Credit Losses | Securities & Allowance for Securities Credit Losses The Company invests in a variety of debt securities, principally obligations of the U.S. government and federal agencies, mortgage backed securities, state and municipal agencies, and corporations. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all debt securities were classified as held to maturity (“HTM”) or available for sale (“AFS”). Management considers the appropriateness of the accounting treatment applied to the Company’s debt securities portfolio on an ongoing basis. During a prior year, certain AFS bonds were transferred to the HTM portfolio. Bonds selected for transfer included U.S. government and federal agencies, corporate bonds, and state and municipal bonds. The unrealized loss at the time of transfer is being amortized monthly over the remaining lives of the debt securities with an increase to the carrying value of the debt securities and a decrease to the related accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is included in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. The following tables summarize the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, fair value and allowance for credit losses of AFS and HTM debt securities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2024 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Allowance Securities available for sale: U.S. government and federal agencies $ 131,089 $ 52 $ (1,416) $ 129,725 $ — Mortgage backed securities 8,658 — (429) 8,229 — Corporate bonds 53,283 62 (750) 52,595 — State and municipal securities 107,323 88 (3,206) 104,205 — Total securities available for sale $ 300,353 $ 202 $ (5,801) $ 294,754 $ — Securities held to maturity: U.S. government and federal agencies $ 122,447 $ 6 $ (7,236) $ 115,217 $ — Mortgage backed securities 1,173 — (1) 1,172 — Corporate bonds 58,409 90 (1,545) 56,954 (230) State and municipal securities 120,580 23 (8,166) 112,437 (31) Total securities held to maturity $ 302,609 $ 119 $ (16,948) $ 285,780 $ (261) Total securities $ 602,962 $ 321 $ (22,749) $ 580,534 $ (261) December 31, 2023 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Allowance Securities available for sale: U.S. government and federal agencies $ 95,129 $ 32 $ (2,864) $ 92,297 $ — Mortgage backed securities 9,247 11 (609) 8,649 — Corporate bonds 57,304 5 (1,837) 55,472 — State and municipal securities 106,472 34 (4,810) 101,696 — Total securities available for sale $ 268,152 $ 82 $ (10,120) $ 258,114 $ — Securities held to maturity: U.S. government and federal agencies $ 123,938 $ — $ (10,069) $ 113,869 $ — Mortgage backed securities 1,190 — (17) 1,173 — Corporate bonds 59,629 59 (3,027) 56,661 (322) State and municipal securities 123,649 6 (11,442) 112,213 (26) Total securities held to maturity $ 308,406 $ 65 $ (24,555) $ 283,916 $ (348) Total securities $ 576,558 $ 147 $ (34,675) $ 542,030 $ (348) There were no holdings of municipal or corporate debt that equaled or exceeded 10.0% of stockholders’ equity at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There were no securities pledged to secure a line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Virginia at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Proceeds from calls, maturities, paydowns and sales of debt securities available for sale totaled $81.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $28.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Proceeds from calls, maturities, and paydowns of debt securities held to maturity totaled $5.5 million and $248 thousand for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Bank sold an AFS bond that was charged off during a prior year for $210 thousand. The proceeds were recorded as a recapture of credit loss. Because this sale did not result in a realized gain or loss on sale of securities, it is excluded from the related tables below. The proceeds, gross realized gains and losses from sales of debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Available for Sale Held to Maturity Available for Sale Held to Maturity Proceeds from sales of securities $ — $ 953 $ — $ 953 Gross gains — — — — Gross losses — (65) — (65) Net losses on sale of a securities $ — $ (65) $ — $ (65) Income tax benefit attributable to realized net losses on sale of securities $ — $ 14 $ — $ 14 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Available for Sale Held to Maturity Available for Sale Held to Maturity Proceeds from sales of securities $ 977 $ — $ 1,929 $ — Gross gains — — — — Gross losses (30) — (312) — Net losses on sale of a securities $ (30) $ — $ (312) $ — Income tax benefit attributable to realized net losses on sale of securities $ 6 $ — $ 66 $ — Management classifies bonds as HTM only when the Company has the ability and intent to hold the bond to maturity, and certain sales or transfers of HTM could call into question management’s ability or intent to hold the remaining HTM bond portfolio to maturity, thereby “tainting” the entire portfolio and triggering a reclassification of the entire portfolio to available for sale. However, there are limited situations, including evidence of deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness, in which the Company could sell an HTM bond without tainting the remaining HTM portfolio. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company sold two HTM bonds from a single issuer due to significant documented deterioration of the issuer’s creditworthiness evidenced by the downgrading of the issuer’s public credit rating. The sales are included in the tables above. Under these circumstances, the sale did not taint the HTM portfolio. The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2024 is as follows (dollars in thousands): Available for Sale Held to Maturity Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Within one year $ 166,593 $ 166,033 $ 16,873 $ 16,668 After one year through five years 98,391 95,808 189,090 181,392 After five years through ten years 29,950 27,843 92,329 83,923 Over ten years 5,419 5,070 4,317 3,797 Total $ 300,353 $ 294,754 $ 302,609 $ 285,780 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if issuers have the right to call or repay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s AFS debt securities with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2024 Less Than Twelve Over Twelve Months Total Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Securities available for sale: U.S. government and federal agencies $ (1) $ 10,997 $ (1,415) $ 46,445 $ (1,416) $ 57,442 Mortgage backed securities — 27 (429) 8,170 (429) 8,197 Corporate bonds (17) 5,454 (733) 37,865 (750) 43,319 State and municipal securities (27) 6,061 (3,179) 83,089 (3,206) 89,150 Total securities available for sale $ (45) $ 22,539 $ (5,756) $ 175,569 $ (5,801) $ 198,108 December 31, 2023 Less Than Twelve Over Twelve Months Total Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Securities available for sale: U.S. government and federal agencies $ (16) $ 5,860 $ (2,848) $ 70,906 $ (2,864) $ 76,766 Mortgage backed securities — — (609) 8,604 (609) 8,604 Corporate bonds (3) 2,482 (1,834) 51,987 (1,837) 54,469 State and municipal securities (31) 3,675 (4,779) 89,828 (4,810) 93,503 Total securities available for sale $ (50) $ 12,017 $ (10,070) $ 221,325 $ (10,120) $ 233,342 In the AFS portfolio at September 30, 2024, 46 out of 61 debt securities of the U.S. government and federal agencies, 15 out of 20 mortgage backed securities, 89 out of 108 corporate bonds, and 269 out of 306 state and municipal securities were in an unrealized loss position. All of the Company’s investment portfolio was evaluated under the monitoring process described in Note 1 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, and all investments were deemed investment grade. All of the unrealized losses are attributed to changes in market interest rates, and are not a result of deterioration of creditworthiness among any of the issuers. Of the total AFS and HTM portfolio at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 792 and 880 debt securities had unrealized losses with aggregate impairment of 3.8% and 6.0%, respectively, of the Company’s amortized cost basis. These unrealized losses related principally to interest rate movements and not the creditworthiness of the issuer. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the debt securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and industry analysts’ reports. Credit loss allowances for the AFS and HTM portfolios are described in the following sections. Allowance for Credit Losses—AFS Securities Management evaluates debt securities to determine whether the unrealized loss is due to credit-related factors or non-credit-related factors. This analysis occurs on a quarterly basis. Consideration is given to the extent to which fair value is less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for full recovery of its amortized cost. If the assessment reveals that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of future cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an allowance for the credit loss is recorded. The loss is limited by the amount that the amortized cost exceeds fair value. As of the reporting date, the Company did not intend to sell any of the AFS debt securities, did not expect to be required to sell these debt securities, and expected to recover the entire amortized cost basis of all of the debt securities. The Company did not record an ACL on the AFS debt securities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company has evaluated these debt securities for credit-related impairment at the reporting date and concluded that no impairment existed. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the debt securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, industry analysts’ reports, and correlations between fair value changes and interest rate changes among instruments that are not credit sensitive. All AFS debt securities were current with no debt securities past due or on non-accrual as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company considers the unrealized losses on the debt securities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and is not reflective of deterioration in credit. The table below presents a rollforward by major security type of the allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2024 For the nine months ended U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total AFS Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, December 31, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Provision for (recapture of) credit losses — — (210) — (210) Write offs charged against the allowance — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — 210 — 210 Ending balance, September 30, 2024 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — At September 30, 2024, there was no allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities recorded. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Bank received proceeds totaling $210 thousand for a bond that was fully charged off during 2023, and recorded a recovery of credit loss. The entire ACL recovery during 2024 was recorded in the first quarter. September 30, 2023 For the nine months ended U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total AFS Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, December 31, 2022 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Impact of adopting ASC 326 — — — — — Provision for credit losses — — 785 — 785 Write offs charged against the allowance — — (785) — (785) Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — — — — Ending balance, September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023, there was no allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities recorded. The entire ACL provision recorded for the AFS portfolio during 2023 was recorded in the first quarter and pertained to a holding from a single corporate issuer whose business was ultimately closed by a regulatory authority. The bond, initially classified as HTM, was transferred to the AFS portfolio based on the unlikely collectability of the unsecured bond and significant documented credit deterioration. A portion of the bond was subsequently sold at a loss, and the remaining unsold portion was written off entirely. Credit Quality Indicators and Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM Securities The Company evaluates the credit risk of its HTM debt securities on a quarterly basis. The Company estimates expected credit losses on HTM debt securities using an instrument -level process described in Note 1 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The primary indicators of credit quality for the Company’s HTM portfolio are security type, time remaining to maturity, and credit rating. Credit ratings may be influenced by a number of factors including obligor cash flows, geography, seniority and others. The HTM portfolio includes debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and agencies of the federal government, and mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies. These types of investments carry implicit or explicit backing of the U.S. Treasury, and therefore are deemed to carry no credit risk for purposes of the ACL evaluation. The following table presents the amortized cost of HTM debt securities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by security type and credit rating (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2024 U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total HTM AAA / AA / A $ 122,447 $ 1,173 $ 18,447 $ 120,580 $ 262,647 BBB / BB / B — — 39,962 — 39,962 Total $ 122,447 $ 1,173 $ 58,409 $ 120,580 $ 302,609 December 31, 2023 U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total HTM AAA / AA / A $ 123,938 $ 1,190 $ 20,091 $ 123,168 $ 268,387 BBB / BB / B — — 39,538 481 40,019 Total $ 123,938 $ 1,190 $ 59,629 $ 123,649 $ 308,406 The following tables summarize the change in the allowance for credit losses on HTM debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2024 For the three months ended U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total HTM Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, June 30, 2024 $ — $ — $ 215 $ 33 $ 248 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses — — 15 (2) 13 Write offs charged against the allowance — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — — — — Ending balance, September 30, 2024 $ — $ — $ 230 $ — $ 31 $ — $ 261 September 30, 2023 For the three months ended U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total HTM Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, June 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ 316 $ 26 $ 342 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses — — (8) 14 6 Write offs charged against the allowance — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — — — — Ending balance, September 30, 2023 — — 308 40 348 September 30, 2024 For the nine months ended U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total HTM Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, December 31, 2023 $ — $ — $ 322 $ 26 $ 348 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses — — (92) 5 (87) Write offs charged against the allowance — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — — — — Ending balance, September 30, 2024 $ — $ — $ 230 $ 31 $ 261 September 30, 2023 For the nine months ended U.S. Mortgage Corporate State and Total HTM Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance, December 31, 2022 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Impact of adopting ASC 326 — — 303 26 329 Provision for credit losses — — 5 14 19 Write offs charged against the allowance — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — — — — Ending balance, September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ 308 $ 40 $ 348 At September 30, 2024, the Company had no HTM debt securities that were 30 days or more past due as to principal and interest payments. The Company had no debt securities held to maturity classified as non-accrual as of September 30, 2024. Equity Securities |