Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-165938
Registration Nos. 333-165938-01 through 333-165938-183
Prospectus Supplement dated May 10, 2010 to
Prospectus dated May 4, 2010
HCA Inc.
Offers to Exchange
$310,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 97/8% Senior Secured Notes due 2017, $1,500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 81/2% Senior Secured Notes due 2019, $1,250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 77/8% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 and $1,400,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 71/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (collectively, the “exchange notes”), each of which have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for any and all of its outstanding 97/8% Senior Secured Notes due 2017, 81/2% Senior Secured Notes due 2019, 77/8% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 and 71/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (collectively, the “outstanding notes”), respectively (such transactions, collectively, the “exchange offers”).
This prospectus supplement hereby amends, modifies and supplements, as of the date hereof, the prospectus dated May 4, 2010 (the “prospectus”) to provide additional information contained in filings by HCA Inc. (the “Company”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission after the date of the prospectus. This prospectus supplement should be read together with the prospectus.
Capitalized terms used in this prospectus supplement and not defined herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the prospectus.
See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 21 of the prospectus and page 47 of this prospectus supplement for a discussion of certain risks that you should consider before participating in the exchange offers.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the exchange notes to be distributed in the exchange offers or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus supplement is May 10, 2010.
You should rely only on the information contained in the prospectus and this prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The prospectus and this prospectus supplement may be used only for the purposes for which it has been published, and no person has been authorized to give any information not contained herein. If you receive any other information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
First Quarter 2010 Information
On May 7, 2010, the Company filed its Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010. The unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company at March 31, 2010 and for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and 2010, the related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, and certain other information from theForm 10-Q are included in this prospectus supplement under “Information from the Company’s Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2010.”
Payment of Dividend
On May 5, 2010, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash distribution in the aggregate amount of approximately $500 million, or $5.00 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Distribution”). The Distribution is described in more detail in this prospectus supplement under “Information from the Company’s Current Report onForm 8-K Filed on May 7, 2010.”
Filing of Registration Statement onForm S-1
On May 7, 2010, the Company filed a registration statement onForm S-1 (the “IPO registration statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to a proposed initial public offering of its common stock. The Company currently estimates that the gross proceeds it will receive from the sale of shares of its common stock sold by it in that offering, excluding the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, will be $2.5 billion.
The Company intends to use the anticipated net proceeds to repay certain of its existing indebtedness, as will be determined prior to the initial public offering, and for general corporate purposes. The existing indebtedness to be repaid with these proceeds may include notes that are the subject of the exchange offers.
This prospectus supplement relates solely to the notes and does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the common stock described in the IPO registration statement. The IPO registration statement has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission but has not yet become effective. There can be no assurance as to when the initial public offering will ultimately be completed, whether the Company will receive the currently expected gross proceeds from the offering or whether the use of proceeds from the offering will be ultimately applied in the manner currently contemplated.
1
INFORMATION FROM THE COMPANY’S QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2010
Part I: Financial Information
HCA Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Income Statements
for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2010 and 2009
Unaudited
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Revenues | | $ | 7,544 | | | $ | 7,431 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 3,072 | | | | 2,923 | |
Supplies | | | 1,200 | | | | 1,210 | |
Other operating expenses | | | 1,202 | | | | 1,102 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | 564 | | | | 807 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | (68 | ) | | | (68 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 355 | | | | 353 | |
Interest expense | | | 516 | | | | 471 | |
Losses on sales of facilities | | | — | | | | 5 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | 18 | | | | 9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 6,859 | | | | 6,812 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 685 | | | | 619 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 209 | | | | 187 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 476 | | | | 432 | |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | 88 | | | | 72 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 360 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
2
HCA Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Unaudited
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
ASSETS |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 312 | |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,519 and $4,860 | | | 3,878 | | | | 3,692 | |
Inventories | | | 794 | | | | 802 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 1,181 | | | | 1,192 | |
Other | | | 497 | | | | 579 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 6,738 | | | | 6,577 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, at cost | | | 24,766 | | | | 24,669 | |
Accumulated depreciation | | | (13,514 | ) | | | (13,242 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 11,252 | | | | 11,427 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investments of insurance subsidiary | | | 1,146 | | | | 1,166 | |
Investments in and advances to affiliates | | | 851 | | | | 853 | |
Goodwill | | | 2,561 | | | | 2,577 | |
Deferred loan costs | | | 411 | | | | 418 | |
Other | | | 1,132 | | | | 1,113 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 24,091 | | | $ | 24,131 | |
| | | | | | | | |
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 1,199 | | | $ | 1,460 | |
Accrued salaries | | | 893 | | | | 849 | |
Other accrued expenses | | | 1,498 | | | | 1,158 | |
Long-term debt due within one year | | | 981 | | | | 846 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 4,571 | | | | 4,313 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt | | | 25,874 | | | | 24,824 | |
Professional liability risks | | | 1,058 | | | | 1,057 | |
Income taxes and other liabilities | | | 1,742 | | | | 1,768 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Equity securities with contingent redemption rights | | | 144 | | | | 147 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ deficit: | | | | | | | | |
Common stock $0.01 par; authorized 125,000,000 shares; outstanding 94,626,100 shares in 2010 and 94,637,400 shares in 2009 | | | 1 | | | | 1 | |
Capital in excess of par value | | | 291 | | | | 226 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (479 | ) | | | (450 | ) |
Retained deficit | | | (10,126 | ) | | | (8,763 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ deficit attributable to HCA Inc. | | | (10,313 | ) | | | (8,986 | ) |
Noncontrolling interests | | | 1,015 | | | | 1,008 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | (9,298 | ) | | | (7,978 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 24,091 | | | $ | 24,131 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
3
HCA Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2010 and 2009
Unaudited
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 476 | | | $ | 432 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | | | (838 | ) | | | (1,111 | ) |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | 564 | | | | 807 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 355 | | | | 353 | |
Income taxes | | | 280 | | | | 41 | |
Losses on sales of facilities | | | — | | | | 5 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | 18 | | | | 9 | |
Amortization of deferred loan costs | | | 20 | | | | 21 | |
Share-based compensation | | | 8 | | | | 7 | |
Pay-in-kind interest | | | — | | | | 39 | |
Other | | | 18 | | | | 12 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 901 | | | | 615 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | (214 | ) | | | (337 | ) |
Acquisition of hospitals and health care entities | | | (21 | ) | | | (38 | ) |
Disposition of hospitals and health care entities | | | 24 | | | | 5 | |
Change in investments | | | 29 | | | | 76 | |
Other | | | 1 | | | | 6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (181 | ) | | | (288 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of long-term debt | | | 1,387 | | | | 300 | |
Net change in revolving credit facilities | | | 1,339 | | | | (335 | ) |
Repayment of long-term debt | | | (1,510 | ) | | | (339 | ) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | | | (83 | ) | | | (55 | ) |
Payment of debt issuance costs | | | (25 | ) | | | (14 | ) |
Payment of cash distribution to stockholders | | | (1,751 | ) | | | — | |
Other | | | (1 | ) | | | 7 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (644 | ) | | | (436 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Change in cash and cash equivalents | | | 76 | | | | (109 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 312 | | | | 465 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 356 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Interest payments | | $ | 374 | | | $ | 344 | |
Income tax (refunds) payments, net | | $ | (71 | ) | | $ | 146 | |
See accompanying notes.
4
HCA INC.
Unaudited
| |
NOTE 1 — | INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Merger, Recapitalization and Reporting Entity
On November 17, 2006, HCA Inc. completed its merger (the “Merger”) with Hercules Acquisition Corporation, pursuant to which the Company was acquired by Hercules Holding II, LLC (“Hercules Holding”), a Delaware limited liability company owned by a private investor group comprised of affiliates of Bain Capital Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co., Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity (each a “Sponsor”), affiliates of Citigroup Inc. and Bank of America Corporation (the “Sponsor Assignees”) and affiliates of HCA founder, Dr. Thomas F. Frist Jr., (the “Frist Entities,” and together with the Sponsors and the Sponsor Assignees, the “Investors”) and by members of management and certain other investors. The Merger, the financing transactions related to the Merger and other related transactions are collectively referred to in the quarterly report as the “Recapitalization.” The Merger was accounted for as a recapitalization in our financial statements, with no adjustments to the historical basis of our assets and liabilities. As a result of the Recapitalization, our outstanding capital stock is owned by the Investors, certain members of management and key employees. On April 29, 2008, we registered our common stock pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, thus subjecting us to the reporting requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our common stock is not traded on a national securities exchange.
HCA Inc. is a holding company whose affiliates own and operate hospitals and related health care entities. The term “affiliates” includes direct and indirect subsidiaries of HCA Inc. and partnerships and joint ventures in which such subsidiaries are partners. At March 31, 2010, these affiliates owned and operated 154 hospitals, 98 freestanding surgery centers and facilities which provided extensive outpatient and ancillary services. Affiliates of HCA are also partners in joint ventures that own and operate eight hospitals and eight freestanding surgery centers which are accounted for using the equity method. The Company’s facilities are located in 20 states and England. The terms “HCA,” “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us,” as used in the quarterly report onForm 10-Q, refer to HCA Inc. and its affiliates unless otherwise stated or indicated by context.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions toForm 10-Q and Article 10 ofRegulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810,Consolidation (“ASC 810”), references in this report to net income attributable to HCA Inc. and stockholders’ deficit attributable to HCA Inc. do not include noncontrolling interests (previously reported as “minority interests”), which we now report separately. The implementation of ASC 810 also results in the cash flow impact of distributions to and certain other transactions with noncontrolling interests that were previously classified within operating activities, being classified within financing activities. Such treatment is consistent with the view that, under ASC 810, transactions between HCA Inc. and noncontrolling interests are considered to be equity transactions.
The majority of our expenses are “cost of revenue” items. Costs that could be classified as general and administrative would include our corporate office costs, which were $38 million and $37 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Operating results for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2010. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the prospectus.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
5
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
At March 31, 2010, we were contesting before the Appeals Division of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), certain claimed deficiencies and adjustments proposed by the IRS in connection with its examination of the 2003 and 2004 federal income tax returns for HCA and eight affiliates that are treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes (“affiliated partnerships”). The disputed items include the timing of recognition of certain patient service revenues and our method for calculating the tax allowance for doubtful accounts.
Six taxable periods of HCA and its predecessors ended in 1997 through 2002 and the 2002 taxable year of four affiliated partnerships, for which the primary remaining issue is the computation of the tax allowance for doubtful accounts, were pending before the IRS Examination Division as of March 31, 2010.
We expect the IRS Examination Division will complete its audit of HCA’s 2005 and 2006 federal income tax returns and will begin an audit of the 2007, 2008 and 2009 federal income tax returns for HCA and one or more affiliated partnerships during 2010.
Our liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $550 million, including accrued interest of $137 million as of March 31, 2010 ($628 million and $156 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2009). The reduction in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits was principally based on new information received related to tax positions taken in prior years. Unrecognized tax benefits of $201 million ($236 million as of December 31, 2009) would affect the effective rate, if recognized. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits does not reflect deferred tax assets of $71 million ($77 million as of December 31, 2009) related to deductible interest and state income taxes or a refundable deposit of $104 million, which is recorded in noncurrent assets. The provision for income taxes reflects reductions of $15 million and $20 million in interest expense related to taxing authority examinations for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Depending on the resolution of the IRS disputes, the completion of examinations by federal, state or international taxing authorities, or the expiration of statutes of limitation for specific taxing jurisdictions, we believe it is reasonably possible our liability for unrecognized tax benefits may significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months. However, we are currently unable to estimate the range of any possible change.
| |
NOTE 3 — | INVESTMENTS OF INSURANCE SUBSIDIARY |
A summary of our insurance subsidiary’s investments at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 follows (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2010 | |
| | | | | Unrealized
| | | | |
| | Amortized
| | | Amounts | | | Fair
| |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
|
Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
States and municipalities | | $ | 648 | | | $ | 29 | | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | 675 | |
Auction rate securities | | | 336 | | | | — | | | | (3 | ) | | | 333 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 40 | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) | | | 39 | |
Money market funds | | | 249 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 249 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,273 | | | | 29 | | | | (6 | ) | | | 1,296 | |
Equity securities | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) | | | 7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,281 | | | $ | 29 | | | $ | (7 | ) | | | 1,303 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts classified as current assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (157 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment carrying value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,146 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
6
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 3 — | INVESTMENTS OF INSURANCE SUBSIDIARY (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2009 | |
| | | | | Unrealized
| | | | |
| | Amortized
| | | Amounts | | | Fair
| |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
|
Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
States and municipalities | | $ | 668 | | | $ | 30 | | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | 695 | |
Auction rate securities | | | 401 | | | | — | | | | (5 | ) | | | 396 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 43 | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) | | | 42 | |
Money market funds | | | 176 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 176 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,288 | | | | 30 | | | | (9 | ) | | | 1,309 | |
Equity securities | | | 8 | | | | 1 | | | | (2 | ) | | | 7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,296 | | | $ | 31 | | | $ | (11 | ) | | | 1,316 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts classified as current assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (150 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment carrying value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,166 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the investments of our insurance subsidiary were classified as“available-for-sale.” Changes in temporary unrealized gains and losses are recorded as adjustments to other comprehensive income. At March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, $92 million and $100 million, respectively, of our investments were subject to restrictions included in insurance bond collateralization and assumed reinsurance contracts.
Scheduled maturities of investments in debt securities at March 31, 2010 were as follows (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Amortized
| | | Fair
| |
| | Cost | | | Value | |
|
Due in one year or less | | $ | 295 | | | $ | 296 | |
Due after one year through five years | | | 298 | | | | 312 | |
Due after five years through ten years | | | 186 | | | | 197 | |
Due after ten years | | | 118 | | | | 119 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 897 | | | | 924 | |
Auction rate securities | | | 336 | | | | 333 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 40 | | | | 39 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,273 | | | $ | 1,296 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The average expected maturity of the investments in debt securities at March 31, 2010 was 3.1 years, compared to the average scheduled maturity of 10.8 years. Expected and scheduled maturities may differ because the issuers of certain securities have the right to call, prepay or otherwise redeem such obligations prior to the scheduled maturity date. The average expected maturities for our auction rate and asset-backed securities were derived from valuation models of expected cash flows and involved management’s judgment. The average expected maturities for our auction rate and asset-backed securities at March 31, 2010 were 4.3 years and 5.9 years, respectively, compared to average scheduled maturities of 25.1 years and 25.7 years, respectively.
7
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
A summary of long-term debt at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, including related interest rates at March 31, 2010, follows (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (effective interest rate of 1.7%) | | $ | 1,825 | | | $ | 715 | |
Senior secured revolving credit facility (effective interest rate of 2.0%) | | | 229 | | | | — | |
Senior secured term loan facilities (effective interest rate of 6.7%) | | | 7,594 | | | | 8,987 | |
Senior secured first lien notes (effective interest rate of 8.4%) | | | 4,071 | | | | 2,682 | |
Other senior secured debt (effective interest rate of 7.0%) | | | 345 | | | | 362 | |
| | | | | | | | |
First lien debt | | | 14,064 | | | | 12,746 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Senior secured cash-pay notes (effective interest rate of 9.7%) | | | 4,501 | | | | 4,500 | |
Senior secured toggle notes (effective interest rate of 10.0%) | | | 1,578 | | | | 1,578 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Second lien debt | | | 6,079 | | | | 6,078 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Senior unsecured notes (effective interest rate of 7.1%) | | | 6,712 | | | | 6,846 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total debt (average life of six years, rates averaging 7.4%) | | | 26,855 | | | | 25,670 | |
Less amounts due within one year | | | 981 | | | | 846 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 25,874 | | | $ | 24,824 | |
| | | | | | | | |
During February 2009, we issued $310 million aggregate principal amount of 97/8% senior secured second lien notes due 2017 at a price of 96.673% of their face value, resulting in $300 million of gross proceeds. During April 2009, we issued $1.500 billion aggregate principal amount of 81/2% senior secured first lien notes due 2019 at a price of 96.755% of their face value, resulting in $1.451 billion of gross proceeds. During August 2009, we issued $1.250 billion aggregate principal amount of 77/8% senior secured first lien notes due 2020 at a price of 98.254% of their face value, resulting in $1.228 billion of gross proceeds.
During March 2010, we issued $1.400 billion aggregate principal amount of 71/4% senior secured first lien notes due 2020 at a price of 99.095% of their face value, resulting in $1.387 billion of gross proceeds. After the payment of related fees and expenses, we used the proceeds from these 2009 and 2010 debt issuances to repay outstanding indebtedness under our senior secured term loan facilities.
| |
NOTE 5 — | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These swap agreements involve the exchange of fixed and variable rate interest payments between two parties based on common notional principal amounts and maturity dates. Pay-fixed interest rate swaps effectively convert LIBOR indexed variable rate obligations to fixed interest rate obligations. Pay-variable interest rate swaps effectively convert fixed interest rate obligations to LIBOR indexed variable rate obligations. The net interest payments, based on the notional amounts in these agreements, generally match the timing of the related liabilities, for the interest rate swap agreements which have been designated as cash flow hedges. The notional amounts of the swap agreements represent amounts used to calculate the exchange of cash flows and are not our assets or liabilities. Our credit risk related to these agreements is considered low because the swap agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions. The interest payments under these agreements are settled on a net basis.
8
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 5 — | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) |
Interest Rate Swap Agreements (continued)
During March 2010, the application of the net proceeds from our issuance of $1.400 billion aggregate principal amount of 71/4% senior secured first lien notes to repay variable rate debt resulted in our remaining outstanding variable rate indebtedness being less than the notional amounts of the related pay-fixed interest rate swaps, which had been designated as cash flow hedges. Therefore, we dedesignated $1.400 billion notional amount of our pay-fixed interest rate swaps and entered into $1.400 billion notional amount of pay-variable interest rate swaps, which we expect to produce approximately offsetting changes in fair value through the swap maturity dates.
The following table sets forth our interest rate swap agreements, which have been designated as cash flow hedges, at March 31, 2010 (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional
| | | | | | Fair
| |
| | Amount | | | Maturity Date | | | Value | |
|
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps | | $ | 7,100 | | | | November 2011 | | | $ | (448 | ) |
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (starting November 2011) | | | 2,000 | | | | December 2016 | | | | (24 | ) |
Certain of our interest rate swaps are not designated as hedges, and changes in fair value are recognized in results of operations. The following table sets forth our interest rate swap agreements, which were not designated as hedges, at March 31, 2010 (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional
| | | | Fair
|
| | Amount | | Maturity Date | | Value |
|
Pay-fixed interest rate swap | | $ | 500 | | | | March 2011 | | | $ | (12 | ) |
Pay-variable interest rate swap | | | 500 | | | | March 2011 | | | | — | |
Pay-fixed interest rate swap | | | 900 | | | | November 2011 | | | | (56 | ) |
Pay-variable interest rate swap | | | 900 | | | | November 2011 | | | | (1 | ) |
During the next 12 months, we estimate $368 million will be reclassified from other comprehensive income (“OCI”) to interest expense.
Cross Currency Swaps
The Company and certain subsidiaries have incurred obligations and entered into various intercompany transactions where such obligations are denominated in currencies, other than the functional currencies of the parties executing the trade. In order to mitigate the currency exposure risks and better match the cash flows of our obligations and intercompany transactions with cash flows from operations, we entered into various cross currency swaps. Our credit risk related to these agreements is considered low because the swap agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions.
Certain of our cross currency swaps are not designated as hedges, and changes in fair value are recognized in results of operations. The following table sets forth our cross currency swap agreement which was not designated as a hedge at March 31, 2010 (amounts in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional
| | | | Fair
|
| | Amount | | Maturity Date | | Value |
|
Euro — United States Dollar currency swap | | | 351 Euro | | | | December 2011 | | | $ | 45 | |
The following table sets forth our cross currency swap agreements, which have been designated as cash flow hedges, at March 31, 2010 (amounts in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional
| | | | Fair
|
| | Amount | | Maturity Date | | Value |
|
GBP — United States Dollar currency swaps | | | 100 GBP | | | | November 2010 | | | $ | (24 | ) |
9
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 5 — | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) |
Derivatives— Results of Operations
The following tables present the effect on our results of operations of our interest rate and cross currency swaps for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Location of Loss
| | | Amount of Loss
| |
| | Amount of Loss
| | | Reclassified from
| | | Reclassified from
| |
| | Recognized in OCI on
| | | Accumulated OCI
| | | Accumulated OCI
| |
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | | Derivatives, Net of Tax | | | into Operations | | | into Operations | |
|
Interest rate swaps | | $ | 67 | | | | Interest expense | | | $ | 95 | |
Cross currency swaps | | | 7 | | | | Interest expense | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 74 | | | | | | | $ | 95 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Location of Loss
| | Amount of Loss
|
| | Recognized in
| | Recognized in
|
| | Operations on
| | Operations on
|
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Derivatives | | Derivatives |
|
Interest rate swaps | | | Other operating expense | | | $ | 1 | |
Cross currency swap | | | Other operating expense | | | | 34 | |
Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
We have agreements with each of our derivative counterparties that contain a provision where we could be declared in default on our derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to our default on the indebtedness. As of March 31, 2010, we have not been required to post any collateral related to these agreements. If we had breached these provisions at March 31, 2010, we would have been required to settle our obligations under the agreements at their aggregate, estimated termination value of $586 million.
| |
NOTE 6 — | ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE |
ASC 820,Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures(“ASC 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to reported balances that are required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements.
ASC 820 emphasizes fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).
Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance
10
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 6 — | ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE (continued) |
of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Cash Traded Investments
Our cash traded investments are generally classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Certain types of cash traded instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because they trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency. Such instruments include auction rate securities (“ARS”) and limited partnership investments. The transaction price is initially used as the best estimate of fair value.
Our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary had investments in municipal, tax-exempt ARS, which are backed by student loans substantially guaranteed by the federal government, of $333 million ($336 million par value) at March 31, 2010. We do not currently intend to attempt to sell the ARS as the liquidity needs of our insurance subsidiary are expected to be met by other investments in its investment portfolio. These securities continue to accrue and pay interest semi-annually based on the failed auction maximum rate formulas stated in their respective Official Statements. During 2009 and the first quarter of 2010, certain issuers and their broker/dealers redeemed or repurchased $172 million and $65 million, respectively, of our ARS at par value. The valuation of these securities involved management’s judgment, after consideration of market factors and the absence of market transparency, market liquidity and observable inputs. Our valuation models derived a fair market value compared to tax-equivalent yields of other student loan backed variable rate securities of similar credit worthiness and similar effective maturities.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We have entered into interest rate and cross currency swap agreements to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency risks. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates and implied volatilities. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, we incorporate credit valuation adjustments to reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.
Although we have determined the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties. However, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives at March 31, 2010. As a result, we have determined that our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2010.
11
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 6 — | ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE (continued) |
Fair Value Summary
The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2010, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Fair Value Measurements Using | |
| | | | | Quoted Prices in
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | Active Markets for
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | Identical Assets
| | | Significant Other
| | | Significant
| |
| | | | | and Liabilities
| | | Observable Inputs
| | | Unobservable Inputs
| |
| | Fair Value | | | (Level 1) | | | (Level 2) | | | (Level 3) | |
|
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments of insurance subsidiary: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
States and municipalities | | $ | 675 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 675 | | | $ | — | |
Auction rate securities | | | 333 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 333 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 39 | | | | — | | | | 39 | | | | — | |
Money market funds | | | 249 | | | | 249 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,296 | | | | 249 | | | | 714 | | | | 333 | |
Equity securities | | | 7 | | | | 2 | | | | 4 | | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments of insurance subsidiary | | | 1,303 | | | | 251 | | | | 718 | | | | 334 | |
Less amounts classified as current assets | | | (157 | ) | | | (157 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,146 | | | $ | 94 | | | $ | 718 | | | $ | 334 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cross currency swap (Other assets) | | $ | 45 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 45 | | | $ | — | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps (Income taxes and other liabilities) | | | 541 | | | | — | | | | 541 | | | | — | |
Cross currency swaps (Income taxes and other liabilities) | | | 24 | | | | — | | | | 24 | | | | — | |
The following table summarizes the activity related to the auction rate and equity securities investments of our insurance subsidiary, which have fair value measurements based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), during the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (dollars in millions):
| | | | |
Asset balances at December 31, 2009 | | $ | 397 | |
Unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income | | | 2 | |
Settlements | | | (65 | ) |
| | | | |
Asset balances at March 31, 2010 | | $ | 334 | |
| | | | |
The estimated fair value of our long-term debt was $27.007 billion and $25.659 billion at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, compared to carrying amounts aggregating $26.855 billion and $25.670 billion, respectively. The estimates of fair value are generally based upon the quoted market prices or quoted market prices for similar issues of long-term debt with the same maturities.
We operate in a highly regulated and litigious industry. As a result, various lawsuits, claims and legal and regulatory proceedings have been and can be expected to be instituted or asserted against us. The resolution of any
12
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 7 — | CONTINGENCIES (continued) |
such lawsuits, claims or legal and regulatory proceedings could have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position in a given period.
We are subject to claims and suits arising in the ordinary course of business, including claims for personal injuries or wrongful restriction of, or interference with, physicians’ staff privileges. In certain of these actions the claimants may seek punitive damages against us which may not be covered by insurance. It is management’s opinion that the ultimate resolution of these pending claims and legal proceedings will not have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
| |
NOTE 8 — | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE |
The components of comprehensive income, net of related taxes, for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 are only attributable to HCA Inc. and are as follows (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 360 | |
Change in fair value of derivative instruments | | | (12 | ) | | | (8 | ) |
Change in fair value ofavailable-for-sale securities | | | 1 | | | | 4 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | (21 | ) | | | (2 | ) |
Defined benefit plans | | | 3 | | | | 2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | $ | 359 | | | $ | 356 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of related taxes, are as follows (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Change in fair value of derivative instruments | | $ | (367 | ) | | $ | (355 | ) |
Change in fair value ofavailable-for-sale securities | | | 15 | | | | 14 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | (24 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
Defined benefit plans | | | (103 | ) | | | (106 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | $ | (479 | ) | | $ | (450 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
The changes in stockholders’ deficit, including changes in stockholders’ deficit attributable to HCA Inc. and changes in equity attributable to noncontrolling interests are as follows (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Equity (Deficit) Attributable to HCA Inc. | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Capital in
| | | Accumulated
| | | | | | Equity
| | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | Excess of
| | | Other
| | | | | | Attributable to
| | | | |
| | Shares
| | | Par
| | | Par
| | | Comprehensive
| | | Retained
| | | Noncontrolling
| | | | |
| | (000) | | | Value | | | Value | | | Loss | | | Deficit | | | Interests | | | Total | |
|
Balances, December 31, 2009 | | | 94,637 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 226 | | | $ | (450 | ) | | $ | (8,763 | ) | | $ | 1,008 | | | $ | (7,978 | ) |
Net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 388 | | | | 88 | | | | 476 | |
Other comprehensive loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (29 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (29 | ) |
Distributions | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,751 | ) | | | (83 | ) | | | (1,834 | ) |
Share-based benefit plans | | | (11 | ) | | | — | | | | 41 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 41 | |
Other | | | — | | | | — | | | | 24 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2 | | | | 26 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances, March 31, 2010 | | | 94,626 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 291 | | | $ | (479 | ) | | $ | (10,126 | ) | | $ | 1,015 | | | $ | (9,298 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
13
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 8 — | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE (continued) |
On January 27, 2010, our Board of Directors declared a distribution to the Company’s stockholders and holders of vested stock options. The distribution was $17.50 per share and vested stock option, or $1.751 billion in the aggregate. The distribution was paid on February 5, 2010 to holders of record on February 1, 2010. The distribution was funded using funds available under our existing senior secured credit facilities and approximately $100 million of cash on hand. Pursuant to the terms of our stock option plans, the holders of nonvested stock options received a $17.50 per share reduction to the exercise price of their share-based awards.
| |
NOTE 9 — | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION |
We operate in one line of business, which is operating hospitals and related health care entities. During the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately 25% and 24%, respectively, of our patient revenues related to patients participating in thefee-for-service Medicare program.
Our operations are structured into three geographically organized groups: the Eastern Group includes 48 consolidating hospitals located in the Eastern United States, the Central Group includes 45 consolidating hospitals located in the Central United States and the Western Group includes 55 consolidating hospitals located in the Western United States. We also operate six consolidating hospitals in England, and these facilities are included in the Corporate and other group.
Adjusted segment EBITDA is defined as income before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, losses on sales of facilities, impairments of long-lived assets, income taxes and noncontrolling interests. We use adjusted segment EBITDA as an analytical indicator for purposes of allocating resources to geographic areas and assessing their performance. Adjusted segment EBITDA is commonly used as an analytical indicator within the health care industry, and also serves as a measure of leverage capacity and debt service ability. Adjusted segment EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles, and the items excluded from adjusted segment EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Because adjusted segment EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and is thus susceptible to varying calculations, adjusted segment EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The geographic distributions of our revenues, equity in earnings of affiliates, adjusted segment EBITDA and
14
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 9 — | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (continued) |
depreciation and amortization for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 are summarized in the following table (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Central Group | | $ | 1,764 | | | $ | 1,803 | |
Eastern Group | | | 2,233 | | | | 2,275 | |
Western Group | | | 3,308 | | | | 3,151 | |
Corporate and other | | | 239 | | | | 202 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 7,544 | | | $ | 7,431 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates: | | | | | | | | |
Central Group | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | (1 | ) |
Eastern Group | | | (1 | ) | | | — | |
Western Group | | | (67 | ) | | | (67 | ) |
Corporate and other | | | 1 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | (68 | ) | | $ | (68 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Adjusted segment EBITDA: | | | | | | | | |
Central Group | | $ | 342 | | | $ | 351 | |
Eastern Group | | | 440 | | | | 433 | |
Western Group | | | 791 | | | | 733 | |
Corporate and other | | | 1 | | | | (60 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,574 | | | $ | 1,457 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization: | | | | | | | | |
Central Group | | $ | 87 | | | $ | 88 | |
Eastern Group | | | 91 | | | | 90 | |
Western Group | | | 144 | | | | 144 | |
Corporate and other | | | 33 | | | | 31 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 355 | | | $ | 353 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Adjusted segment EBITDA | | $ | 1,574 | | | $ | 1,457 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 355 | | | | 353 | |
Interest expense | | | 516 | | | | 471 | |
Losses on sales of facilities | | | — | | | | 5 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | 18 | | | | 9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 685 | | | $ | 619 | |
| | | | | | | | |
15
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 10 — | ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS |
During the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, we paid $21 million and $38 million, respectively, to acquire nonhospital health care entities.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2010, we received proceeds of $24 million related to sales of real estate investments and the proceeds were equal to the carrying amounts. During the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we received proceeds of $5 million and recognized a net pretax loss of $5 million related to sales of hospital facilities and other investments.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2010, we recorded charges of $18 million to adjust the values of real estate and other investments in our Eastern, Western and Corporate and Other Groups to estimated fair value. During the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we recorded a charge of $9 million to adjust the value of real estate investments in our Central Group to estimated fair value.
16
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 11 — | SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Our senior secured credit facilities and senior secured notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by substantially all existing and future, direct and indirect, wholly-owned material domestic subsidiaries that are “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” under our Indenture dated December 16, 1993 (except for certain special purpose subsidiaries that only guarantee and pledge their assets under our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility).
Our summarized condensed consolidating balance sheets at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and condensed consolidating statements of income and cash flows for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009, segregating the parent company issuer, the subsidiary guarantors, the subsidiary non-guarantors and eliminations, follow:
HCA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Subsidiary
| | | | | | | |
| | Parent
| | | Subsidiary
| | | Non-
| | | | | | Condensed
| |
| | Issuer | | | Guarantors | | | Guarantors | | | Eliminations | | | Consolidated | |
|
Revenues | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,374 | | | $ | 3,170 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,544 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | — | | | | 1,826 | | | | 1,246 | | | | — | | | | 3,072 | |
Supplies | | | — | | | | 690 | | | | 510 | | | | — | | | | 1,200 | |
Other operating expenses | | | 2 | | | | 638 | | | | 562 | | | | — | | | | 1,202 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | — | | | | 358 | | | | 206 | | | | — | | | | 564 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | (811 | ) | | | (27 | ) | | | (41 | ) | | | 811 | | | | (68 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | — | | | | 195 | | | | 160 | | | | — | | | | 355 | |
Interest expense | | | 648 | | | | (115 | ) | | | (17 | ) | | | — | | | | 516 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | — | | | | 15 | | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 18 | |
Management fees | | | — | | | | (118 | ) | | | 118 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (161 | ) | | | 3,462 | | | | 2,747 | | | | 811 | | | | 6,859 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 161 | | | | 912 | | | | 423 | | | | (811 | ) | | | 685 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | (227 | ) | | | 313 | | | | 123 | | | | — | | | | 209 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 388 | | | | 599 | | | | 300 | | | | (811 | ) | | | 476 | |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | 15 | | | | 73 | | | | — | | | | 88 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 584 | | | $ | 227 | | | $ | (811 | ) | | $ | 388 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
17
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 11 — | SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued) |
HCA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2009
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Subsidiary
| | | | | | | |
| | Parent
| | | Subsidiary
| | | Non-
| | | | | | Condensed
| |
| | Issuer | | | Guarantors | | | Guarantors | | | Eliminations | | | Consolidated | |
|
Revenues | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,393 | | | $ | 3,038 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,431 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | — | | | | 1,755 | | | | 1,168 | | | | — | | | | 2,923 | |
Supplies | | | — | | | | 721 | | | | 489 | | | | — | | | | 1,210 | |
Other operating expenses | | | 5 | | | | 617 | | | | 480 | | | | — | | | | 1,102 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | — | | | | 508 | | | | 299 | | | | — | | | | 807 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | (705 | ) | | | (24 | ) | | | (44 | ) | | | 705 | | | | (68 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | — | | | | 196 | | | | 157 | | | | — | | | | 353 | |
Interest expense | | | 542 | | | | (66 | ) | | | (5 | ) | | | — | | | | 471 | |
Losses (gains) on sales of facilities | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | (2 | ) | | | — | | | | 5 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | — | | | | 9 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9 | |
Management fees | | | — | | | | (116 | ) | | | 116 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (158 | ) | | | 3,607 | | | | 2,658 | | | | 705 | | | | 6,812 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 158 | | | | 786 | | | | 380 | | | | (705 | ) | | | 619 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | (202 | ) | | | 270 | | | | 119 | | | | — | | | | 187 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 360 | | | | 516 | | | | 261 | | | | (705 | ) | | | 432 | |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | 14 | | | | 58 | | | | — | | | | 72 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. | | $ | 360 | | | $ | 502 | | | $ | 203 | | | $ | (705 | ) | | $ | 360 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
18
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 11 — | SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued) |
HCA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
MARCH 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Subsidiary
| | | | | | | |
| | Parent
| | | Subsidiary
| | | Non-
| | | | | | Condensed
| |
| | Issuer | | | Guarantors | | | Guarantors | | | Eliminations | | | Consolidated | |
|
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | — | | | $ | 80 | | | $ | 308 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 388 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | — | | | | 2,253 | | | | 1,625 | | | | — | | | | 3,878 | |
Inventories | | | — | | | | 481 | | | | 313 | | | | — | | | | 794 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 1,181 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,181 | |
Other | | | — | | | | 182 | | | | 315 | | | | — | | | | 497 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,181 | | | | 2,996 | | | | 2,561 | | | | — | | | | 6,738 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | | — | | | | 6,880 | | | | 4,372 | | | | — | | | | 11,252 | |
Investments of insurance subsidiary | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,146 | | | | — | | | | 1,146 | |
Investments in and advances to affiliates | | | — | | | | 247 | | | | 604 | | | | — | | | | 851 | |
Goodwill | | | — | | | | 1,635 | | | | 926 | | | | — | | | | 2,561 | |
Deferred loan costs | | | 411 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 411 | |
Investments in and advances to subsidiaries | | | 22,641 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (22,641 | ) | | | — | |
Other | | | 988 | | | | 16 | | | | 128 | | | | — | | | | 1,132 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 25,221 | | | $ | 11,774 | | | $ | 9,737 | | | $ | (22,641 | ) | | $ | 24,091 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | — | | | $ | 727 | | | $ | 472 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,199 | |
Accrued salaries | | | — | | | | 559 | | | | 334 | | | | — | | | | 893 | |
Other accrued expenses | | | 622 | | | | 274 | | | | 602 | | | | — | | | | 1,498 | |
Long-term debt due within one year | | | 942 | | | | 10 | | | | 29 | | | | — | | | | 981 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,564 | | | | 1,570 | | | | 1,437 | | | | — | | | | 4,571 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt | | | 25,476 | | | | 96 | | | | 302 | | | | — | | | | 25,874 | |
Intercompany balances | | | 7,205 | | | | (10,805 | ) | | | 3,600 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Professional liability risks | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,058 | | | | — | | | | 1,058 | |
Income taxes and other liabilities | | | 1,145 | | | | 431 | | | | 166 | | | | — | | | | 1,742 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 35,390 | | | | (8,708 | ) | | | 6,563 | | | | — | | | | 33,245 | |
Equity securities with contingent redemption rights | | | 144 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity attributable to HCA Inc. | | | (10,313 | ) | | | 20,371 | | | | 2,270 | | | | (22,641 | ) | | | (10,313 | ) |
Noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | 111 | | | | 904 | | | | — | | | | 1,015 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (10,313 | ) | | | 20,482 | | | | 3,174 | | | | (22,641 | ) | | | (9,298 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 25,221 | | | $ | 11,774 | | | $ | 9,737 | | | $ | (22,641 | ) | | $ | 24,091 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
19
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 11 — | SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued) |
HCA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
DECEMBER 31, 2009
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Subsidiary
| | | | | | | |
| | Parent
| | | Subsidiary
| | | Non-
| | | | | | Condensed
| |
| | Issuer | | | Guarantors | | | Guarantors | | | Eliminations | | | Consolidated | |
|
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | — | | | $ | 95 | | | $ | 217 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 312 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | — | | | | 2,135 | | | | 1,557 | | | | — | | | | 3,692 | |
Inventories | | | — | | | | 489 | | | | 313 | | | | — | | | | 802 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 1,192 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,192 | |
Other | | | 81 | | | | 148 | | | | 350 | | | | — | | | | 579 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,273 | | | | 2,867 | | | | 2,437 | | | | — | | | | 6,577 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment, net | | | — | | | | 7,034 | | | | 4,393 | | | | — | | | | 11,427 | |
Investments of insurance subsidiary | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,166 | | | | — | | | | 1,166 | |
Investments in and advances to affiliates | | | — | | | | 244 | | | | 609 | | | | — | | | | 853 | |
Goodwill | | | — | | | | 1,641 | | | | 936 | | | | — | | | | 2,577 | |
Deferred loan costs | | | 418 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 418 | |
Investments in and advances to subsidiaries | | | 21,830 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (21,830 | ) | | | — | |
Other | | | 963 | | | | 19 | | | | 131 | | | | — | | | | 1,113 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 24,484 | | | $ | 11,805 | | | $ | 9,672 | | | $ | (21,830 | ) | | $ | 24,131 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | — | | | $ | 908 | | | $ | 552 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,460 | |
Accrued salaries | | | — | | | | 542 | | | | 307 | | | | — | | | | 849 | |
Other accrued expenses | | | 282 | | | | 293 | | | | 583 | | | | — | | | | 1,158 | |
Long-term debt due within one year | | | 802 | | | | 9 | | | | 35 | | | | — | | | | 846 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,084 | | | | 1,752 | | | | 1,477 | | | | — | | | | 4,313 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt | | | 24,427 | | | | 103 | | | | 294 | | | | — | | | | 24,824 | |
Intercompany balances | | | 6,636 | | | | (10,387 | ) | | | 3,751 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Professional liability risks | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,057 | | | | — | | | | 1,057 | |
Income taxes and other liabilities | | | 1,176 | | | | 421 | | | | 171 | | | | — | | | | 1,768 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 33,323 | | | | (8,111 | ) | | | 6,750 | | | | — | | | | 31,962 | |
Equity securities with contingent redemption rights | | | 147 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 147 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity attributable to HCA Inc. | | | (8,986 | ) | | | 19,787 | | | | 2,043 | | | | (21,830 | ) | | | (8,986 | ) |
Noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | 129 | | | | 879 | | | | — | | | | 1,008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (8,986 | ) | | | 19,916 | | | | 2,922 | | | | (21,830 | ) | | | (7,978 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 24,484 | | | $ | 11,805 | | | $ | 9,672 | | | $ | (21,830 | ) | | $ | 24,131 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
20
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 11 — | SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued) |
HCA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2010
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Subsidiary
| | | | | | | |
| | Parent
| | | Subsidiary
| | | Non-
| | | | | | Condensed
| |
| | Issuer | | | Guarantors | | | Guarantors | | | Eliminations | | | Consolidated | |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 599 | | | $ | 300 | | | $ | (811 | ) | | $ | 476 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | | | 116 | | | | (670 | ) | | | (284 | ) | | | — | | | | (838 | ) |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | — | | | | 358 | | | | 206 | | | | — | | | | 564 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | — | | | | 195 | | | | 160 | | | | — | | | | 355 | |
Income taxes | | | 280 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 280 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | — | | | | 15 | | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 18 | |
Amortization of deferred loan costs | | | 20 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 20 | |
Share-based compensation | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | (811 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 811 | | | | — | |
Other | | | 18 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 19 | | | | 497 | | | | 385 | | | | — | | | | 901 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | — | | | | (53 | ) | | | (161 | ) | | | — | | | | (214 | ) |
Acquisition of hospitals and health care entities | | | — | | | | (21 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (21 | ) |
Disposition of hospitals and health care entities | | | — | | | | 23 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 24 | |
Change in investments | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | 22 | | | | — | | | | 29 | |
Other | | | — | | | | (3 | ) | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | — | | | | (47 | ) | | | (134 | ) | | | — | | | | (181 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of long-term debt | | | 1,387 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,387 | |
Net change in revolving credit facilities | | | 1,339 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,339 | |
Repayment of long-term debt | | | (1,496 | ) | | | (11 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,510 | ) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | (33 | ) | | | (50 | ) | | | — | | | | (83 | ) |
Changes in intercompany balances with affiliates, net | | | 532 | | | | (421 | ) | | | (111 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Payment of debt issuance costs | | | (25 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (25 | ) |
Payment of cash distribution to stockholders | | | (1,751 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,751 | ) |
Other | | | (5 | ) | | | — | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (19 | ) | | | (465 | ) | | | (160 | ) | | | — | | | | (644 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in cash and cash equivalents | | | — | | | | (15 | ) | | | 91 | | | | — | | | | 76 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | — | | | | 95 | | | | 217 | | | | — | | | | 312 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | — | | | $ | 80 | | | $ | 308 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 388 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
21
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 11 — | SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued) |
HCA INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2009
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Subsidiary
| | | | | | | |
| | Parent
| | | Subsidiary
| | | Non-
| | | | | | Condensed
| |
| | Issuer | | | Guarantors | | | Guarantors | | | Eliminations | | | Consolidated | |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 360 | | | $ | 516 | | | $ | 261 | | | $ | (705 | ) | | $ | 432 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | | | 75 | | | | (706 | ) | | | (480 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,111 | ) |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | — | | | | 508 | | | | 299 | | | | — | | | | 807 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | — | | | | 196 | | | | 157 | | | | — | | | | 353 | |
Income taxes | | | 41 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 41 | |
Losses on sales of facilities | | | — | | | | 1 | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 5 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | — | | | | 9 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9 | |
Amortization of deferred loan costs | | | 21 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 21 | |
Share-based compensation | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7 | |
Pay-in-kind interest | | | 39 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 39 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | (705 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 705 | | | | — | |
Other | | | 4 | | | | 12 | | | | (4 | ) | | | — | | | | 12 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | (158 | ) | | | 536 | | | | 237 | | | | — | | | | 615 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | — | | | | (177 | ) | | | (160 | ) | | | — | | | | (337 | ) |
Acquisition of hospitals and health care entities | | | — | | | | (38 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (38 | ) |
Disposition of hospitals and health care entities | | | — | | | | 1 | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 5 | |
Change in investments | | | — | | | | (4 | ) | | | 80 | | | | — | | | | 76 | |
Other | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | 6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | — | | | | (218 | ) | | | (70 | ) | | | — | | | | (288 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of long-term debt | | | 300 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 300 | |
Net change in revolving credit facilities | | | (335 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (335 | ) |
Repayment of long-term debt | | | (285 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (53 | ) | | | — | | | | (339 | ) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | (21 | ) | | | (34 | ) | | | — | | | | (55 | ) |
Payment of debt issuance costs | | | (14 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (14 | ) |
Changes in intercompany balances with affiliates, net | | | 492 | | | | (304 | ) | | | (188 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | 7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 158 | | | | (326 | ) | | | (268 | ) | | | — | | | | (436 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in cash and cash equivalents | | | — | | | | (8 | ) | | | (101 | ) | | | — | | | | (109 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | — | | | | 134 | | | | 331 | | | | — | | | | 465 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | — | | | $ | 126 | | | $ | 230 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 356 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
22
HCA Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| |
NOTE 12 — | SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
On May 5, 2010, our Board of Directors declared a distribution to the Company’s existing stockholders and holders of vested stock options. The distribution will be $5.00 per share and vested stock option, or approximately $500 million in the aggregate. The distribution is expected to be paid on May 14, 2010 to holders of record on May 6, 2010. The distribution is expected to be funded using funds available under our existing senior secured credit facilities. Pursuant to the terms of our stock option plans, the holders of nonvested stock options will receive a $5.00 per share reduction to the exercise price of their share-based awards.
On May 5, 2010, our Board of Directors granted approval for the Company to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement onForm S-1 relating to a proposed initial public offering of its common stock. We filed theForm S-1 on May 7, 2010. We intend to use the anticipated net proceeds to repay certain of our existing indebtedness, as will be determined prior to our offering, and for general corporate purposes. Upon completion of the offering and in connection with our termination of the management agreement we have with affiliates of the Investors, we will be required to pay a termination fee based upon the net present value of our future obligations under the management agreement.
23
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
The quarterly report onForm 10-Q includes certain disclosures which contain “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts, and can be identified by the use of words like “may,” “believe,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “approximately,” “intend,” “expect,” “project,’’ “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “initiative” or “continue.” These forward-looking statements are based on our current plans and expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown uncertainties and risks, many of which are beyond our control, that could significantly affect current plans and expectations and our future financial position and results of operations. These factors include, but are not limited to, (1) the ability to recognize the benefits of the Recapitalization, (2) the impact of the substantial indebtedness incurred to finance the Recapitalization and the ability to refinance such indebtedness on acceptable terms, (3) the passage of the Health Reform Law (as defined below) and the enactment of additional federal or state health care reform and changes in federal, state or local laws or regulations affecting the health care industry, (4) increases, particularly in the current economic downturn, in the amount and risk of collectibility of uninsured accounts, and deductibles and copayment amounts for insured accounts, (5) the ability to achieve operating and financial targets, attain expected levels of patient volumes and control the costs of providing services, (6) possible changes in the Medicare, Medicaid and other state programs, including Medicaid supplemental payments pursuant to upper payment limit (“UPL”) programs, that may impact reimbursements to health care providers and insurers, (7) the highly competitive nature of the health care business, (8) changes in revenue mix, including potential declines in the population covered under managed care agreements due to the current economic downturn, and the ability to enter into and renew managed care provider agreements on acceptable terms, (9) the efforts of insurers, health care providers and others to contain health care costs, (10) the outcome of our continuing efforts to monitor, maintain and comply with appropriate laws, regulations, policies and procedures, (11) increases in wages and the ability to attract and retain qualified management and personnel, including affiliated physicians, nurses and medical and technical support personnel, (12) the availability and terms of capital to fund the expansion of our business and improvements to our existing facilities, (13) changes in accounting practices, (14) changes in general economic conditions nationally and regionally in our markets, (15) future divestitures which may result in charges, (16) changes in business strategy or development plans, (17) delays in receiving payments for services provided, (18) the outcome of pending and any future tax audits, appeals and litigation associated with our tax positions, (19) potential liabilities and other claims that may be asserted against us, and (20) other risk factors described in the prospectus. As a consequence, current plans, anticipated actions and future financial position and results of operations may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of HCA. You are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in this report, which forward-looking statements reflect management’s views only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Health Care Reform
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, “Health Reform Law”) will change how health care services are covered, delivered and reimbursed through expanded coverage of uninsured individuals, reduced growth in Medicare program spending, reductions in Medicare and Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital payments, and the establishment of programs where reimbursement is tied to quality and integration. In addition, the new law reforms certain aspects of health insurance, expands existing efforts to tie Medicare and Medicaid payments to performance and quality, and contains provisions intended to strengthen fraud and abuse enforcement.
Expanded Coverage
Based on the Congressional Budget Office (“CBO”) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) estimates, by 2019, the Health Reform Law will expand coverage to 32 to 34 million additional
24
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
individuals (resulting in coverage of an estimated 94% of the legal U.S. population). This increased coverage will occur through a combination of public program expansion and private sector health insurance and other reforms.
Medicaid Expansion
The primary public program coverage expansion will occur through changes in Medicaid, and to a lesser extent, expansion of the Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”). The most significant changes will expand the categories of individuals eligible for Medicaid coverage and permit individuals with relatively higher incomes to qualify. The federal government reimburses the majority of a state’s Medicaid expenses, and it conditions its payment on the state meeting certain requirements. The federal government currently requires that states provide coverage for only limited categories of low-income adults under 65 years old (e.g., women who are pregnant, and the blind or disabled). In addition, the income level required for individuals and families to qualify for Medicaid varies widely from state to state.
The Health Reform Law materially changes the requirements for Medicaid eligibility. Commencing January 1, 2014, all state Medicaid programs are required to provide, and the federal government will subsidize, Medicaid coverage to virtually all adults under 65 years old with incomes at or under 133% of the federal poverty level (“FPL”). This expansion will create a minimum Medicaid eligibility threshold that is uniform across states. Further, the Health Reform Law also requires states to apply a “5% income disregard” to the Medicaid eligibility standard, so that Medicaid eligibility will effectively be extended to those with incomes up to 138% of the FPL. These new eligibility requirements will expand Medicaid and CHIP coverage by an estimated 16 to 18 million persons nationwide. A disproportionately large percentage of the new Medicaid coverage is likely to be in states that currently have relatively low income eligibility requirements.
As Medicaid is a joint federal and state program, the federal government provides states with “matching funds” in a defined percentage, known as the federal medical assistance percentage (“FMAP”). Beginning in 2014, states will receive an enhanced FMAP for the individuals enrolled in Medicaid pursuant to the Health Reform Law. The FMAP percentage is as follows: 100% for calendar years 2014 through 2016; 95% for 2017; 94% in 2018; 93% in 2019; and 90% in 2020 and thereafter.
The Health Reform Law also provides that the federal government will subsidize states that create non-Medicaid plans for residents whose incomes are greater than 133% of the FPL but do not exceed 200% of the FPL. Approved state plans will be eligible to receive federal funding. The amount of that funding per individual will be equal to 95% of subsidies that would have been provided for that individual had he or she enrolled in a health plan offered through an American Health Benefit Exchange (“Exchange”), as discussed below.
Historically, states often have attempted to reduce Medicaid spending by limiting benefits and tightening Medicaid eligibility requirements. Effective March 23, 2010, the Health Reform Law requires states to at least maintain Medicaid eligibility standards established prior to the enactment of the law for adults until January 1, 2014 and for children until October 1, 2019. States with budget deficits may, however, seek exemptions from this requirement, but only to address eligibility standards that apply to adults making more than 133% of the FPL.
Private Sector Expansion
The expansion of health coverage through the private sector as a result of the Health Reform Law will occur through new requirements on health insurers, employers and individuals. Commencing January 1, 2014, health insurance companies will be prohibited from imposing annual coverage limits, dropping coverage, excluding persons based upon pre-existing conditions or denying coverage for any individual who is willing to pay the premiums for such coverage. Effective January 1, 2011, each health plan must keep its annual non-medical costs lower than 15% of premium revenue for the group market and lower than 20% in the small group and individual markets or rebate its enrollees the amount spent in excess of the percentage. In addition, effective September 23,
25
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
2010, health insurers will not be permitted to deny coverage to children based upon a pre-existing condition and must allow dependent care coverage for children up to 26 years old.
Larger employers will be subject to new requirements and incentives to provide health insurance benefits to their full time employees. Effective January 1, 2014, employers with 50 or more employees that do not offer health insurance will be held subject to a penalty if an employee obtains coverage through an Exchange if the coverage is subsidized by the government. The employer penalties will range from $2,000 to $3,000 per employee, subject to certain thresholds and conditions.
The Health Reform Law uses various means to induce individuals who do not have health insurance to obtain coverage. By January 1, 2014, individuals will be required to maintain health insurance for a minimum defined set of benefits or pay a tax penalty. The penalty in most cases is $95 in 2014, $325 in 2015, $695 in 2016, and indexed to a cost of living adjustment in subsequent years. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), in consultation with the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), is responsible for enforcing the tax penalty, although the Health Reform Law limits the availability of certain IRS enforcement mechanisms. In addition, for individuals and families below 400% of the FPL, the cost of obtaining health insurance will be subsidized by the federal government. Those with lower incomes will be eligible to receive greater subsidies. It is anticipated that those at the lowest income levels will have the majority of their premiums subsidized by the federal government, in some cases in excess of 95% of the premium amount.
To facilitate the purchase of health insurance by individuals and small employers, each state must establish an Exchange by January 1, 2014. Based on CBO and CMS estimates, between 29 and 31 million individuals will obtain their health insurance coverage through an Exchange by 2019. Of that amount, an estimated 16 million will be individuals who were previously uninsured, and 13 to 15 million will be individuals who switched from their prior insurance coverage to a plan obtained through the Exchange. The Health Reform Law requires that the Exchanges be designed to make the process of evaluating, comparing and acquiring coverage simple for consumers. For example, each state’s Exchange must maintain an internet website through which consumers may access health plan ratings that are assigned by the state based on quality and price, view governmental health program eligibility requirements and calculate the actual cost of health coverage. Health insurers participating in the Exchange must offer a set of minimum benefits to be defined by HHS and may offer more benefits. Health insurers must offer at least two, and up to five, levels of plans that vary by the percentage of medical expenses that must be paid by the enrollee. These levels are referred to as platinum, gold, silver, bronze and catastrophic plans, with gold and silver being the two mandatory levels of plans. Each level of plan must require the enrollee to share the following percentages of medical expenses up to the deductible/co-payment limit: platinum, 10%; gold, 20%; silver, 30%; bronze, 40%; and catastrophic, 100%. Health insurers may establish varying deductible/co-payment levels, up to the statutory maximum (estimated to be between $6,000 and $7,000 for an individual). The health insurers must cover 100% of the amount of medical expenses in excess of the deductible/co-payment limit. For example, an individual making 100% to 200% of the FPL will have co-payments and deductibles reduced to about one-third of the amount payable by those with the same plan with incomes at or above 400% of the FPL.
Public Program Spending
The Health Reform Law provides for Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care program spending reductions between 2010 and 2019. The CBO estimates that these will include $156 billion in Medicarefee-for-service market basket and productivity reimbursement reductions for all providers, the majority of which will come from hospitals; CMS sets this estimate at $233 billion. The CBO estimates also include an additional $36 billion in reductions of Medicare and Medicaid disproportionate share funding ($22 billion for Medicare and $14 billion for Medicaid). CMS estimates include an additional $64 billion in reductions of Medicare and Medicaid disproportionate share funding, with $50 billion of the reductions coming from Medicare.
26
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
Payments for Hospitals and Ambulatory Surgery Centers (“ASCs”)
Inpatient Market Basket and Productivity Adjustment. Under the Medicare program, hospitals receive reimbursement under a prospective payment system (“PPS”) for general, acute care hospital inpatient services. CMS establishes fixed PPS payment amounts per inpatient discharge based on the patient’s assigned Medicare severitydiagnosis-related group(“MS-DRG”). These MS-DRG rates are updated each federal fiscal year, which begins October 1, using an index (the “market basket”) that takes into account inflation experienced by hospitals and other entities outside the health care industry in purchasing goods and services.
The Health Reform Law provides for three types of annual reductions in the market basket. The first is a general reduction of a specified percentage each federal fiscal year starting in 2010 and extending through 2019. These reductions are as follows: federal fiscal year 2010, 0.25% for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2010; 2011 (0.25%); 2012 (0.1%); 2013 (0.1%); 2014 (0.3%); 2015 (0.2%); 2016 (0.2%); 2017 (0.75%); 2018 (0.75%); and 2019 (0.75%).
The second type of reduction to the market basket is a “productivity adjustment” that will be implemented by HHS beginning in federal fiscal year 2012. The amount of that reduction will be the projected nationwide productivity gains over the preceding 10 years. To determine the projection, HHS will use the Bureau of Labor Statistics (“BLS”)10-year moving average of changes in specified economy-wide productivity (the BLS data is typically a few years old). The Health Reform Law does not contain guidelines for HHS to use in projecting the productivity figure. Based upon the latest available data, federal fiscal year 2012 market basket reductions resulting from this productivity adjustment are likely to range from 1% to 1.4%.
The third type of reduction is in connection with the value-based purchasing program discussed in more detail below. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2013, CMS will reduce the inpatient PPS payment amount for all discharges by the following: 1% for 2013; 1.25% for 2014; 1.5% for 2015; 1.75% for 2016; and 2% for 2017 and subsequent years. For each federal fiscal year, the total amount collected from these reductions will be pooled and used to fund payments to hospitals that satisfy certain quality metrics. While some or all of these reductions may be recovered if a hospital satisfies these quality metrics, the recovery amounts may be delayed.
If the aggregate of the three market basket reductions described above is more than the annual market basket adjustments made to account for inflation, there will be a reduction in the MS-DRG rates paid to hospitals. For example, if market basket increases to account for inflation would result in a 2% market basket update and the aggregate Health Reform Law market basket adjustments would result in a 3% reduction, then the rates paid to a hospital for inpatient services would be 1% less than rates paid for the same services in the prior year.
Quality-Based Payment Adjustments and Reductions for Inpatient Services. The Health Reform Law establishes or expands three provisions to promote value-based purchasing and to link payments to quality and efficiency. First, in federal fiscal year 2013, HHS is directed to implement a value-based purchasing program for inpatient hospital services. This program will reward hospitals that meet certain quality performance standards established by HHS. The Health Reform Law provides HHS considerable discretion over the value-based purchasing program. For example, HHS will have the authority to determine the quality performance measures, the standards hospitals must achieve in order to meet the quality performance measures, and the methodology for calculating payments to hospitals that meet the required quality threshold. HHS will also determine how much money each hospital will receive from the pool of dollars created by the reductions related to the value-based purchasing program as described above. Because the Health Reform Law provides that the pool will be fully distributed, hospitals that meet or exceed the quality performance standards set by HHS will receive greater reimbursement under the value-based purchasing program than they would have otherwise. On the other hand, hospitals that do not achieve the necessary quality performance will receive reduced Medicare inpatient hospital payments.
27
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
Second, beginning in federal fiscal year 2013, inpatient payments will be reduced if a hospital experiences “excessive readmissions” within a30-day period of discharge for heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia or other conditions designated by HHS. Hospitals with what HHS defines as “excessive readmissions” for these conditions will receive reduced payments for all inpatient discharges, not just discharges relating to the conditions subject to the excessive readmission standard. Each hospital’s performance will be publicly reported by HHS. HHS has the discretion to determine what “excessive readmissions” means, the amount of the payment reduction and other terms and conditions of this program.
Third, reimbursement will be reduced based on a facility’s hospital acquired condition (“HAC”) rates. An HAC is a condition that is acquired by a patient while admitted as an inpatient in a hospital, such as a surgical site infection. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2015, hospitals that rank in the top 25% nationally of HACs for all hospitals in the previous year will receive a 1% reduction in their total Medicare payments. In addition, effective July 1, 2011, the Health Reform Law prohibits the use of federal funds under the Medicaid program to reimburse providers for medical services provided to treat HACs.
Outpatient Market Basket and Productivity Adjustment. Hospital outpatient services paid under PPS are classified into ambulatory payment classifications (“APCs”). The APC payment rates are updated each calendar year based on the market basket. The first two market basket changes outlined above— the general reduction and the productivity adjustment — apply to outpatient services as well as inpatient services, although these are applied on a calendar year basis. The percentage changes specified in the Health Reform Law summarized above as the general reduction for inpatients — e.g., 0.2% in 2015— are the same for outpatients.
Medicare and Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital (“DSH”) Payments. The Medicare DSH program provides for additional payments to hospitals that treat a disproportionate share of low-income patients. Under the Health Reform Law, beginning in federal fiscal year 2014, Medicare DSH payments will be reduced to 25% of the amount they otherwise would have been absent the new law. The remaining 75% of the amount that would otherwise be paid under Medicare DSH will be effectively pooled, and this pool will be reduced further each year by a formula that reflects reductions in the national level of uninsured who are under 65 years of age. In other words, the greater the level of coverage for the uninsured nationally, the more the Medicare DSH payment pool will be reduced. Each hospital will then be paid, out of the reduced DSH payment pool, an amount allocated based upon its level of uncompensated care.
It is difficult to predict the full impact of the Medicare DSH reductions, and CBO and CMS estimates differ by $38 billion. The Health Reform Law does not mandate what data source HHS must use to determine the reduction, if any, in the uninsured population nationally. In addition, the Health Reform Law does not contain a definition of “uncompensated care.” As a result, it is unclear how a hospital’s share of the Medicare DSH payment pool will be calculated. CMS could use the definition of “uncompensated care” used in connection with hospital cost reports. However, in July 2009, CMS proposed material revisions to the definition of “uncompensated care” used for cost report purposes. Those revisions would exclude certain significant costs that had historically been covered, such as unreimbursed costs of Medicaid services. CMS has not issued a final rule, and the Health Reform Law does not require HHS to use this definition, even if finalized, for DSH purposes. How CMS ultimately defines “uncompensated care” for purposes of these DSH funding provisions could have a material effect on a hospital’s Medicare DSH reimbursements.
In addition to Medicare DSH funding, hospitals that provide care to a disproportionately high number of low-income patients may receive Medicaid DSH payments. The federal government distributes federal Medicaid DSH funds to each state based on a statutory formula. The states then distribute the DSH funding among qualifying hospitals. Although Federal Medicaid law defines some level of hospitals that must receive Medicaid DSH funding, states have broad discretion to define additional hospitals that also may qualify for Medicaid DSH payments and the amount of such payments. The Health Reform Law will reduce funding for the Medicaid DSH hospital program in federal fiscal years 2014 through 2020 by the following amounts: 2014 ($500 million); 2015 ($600 million); 2016 ($600 million); 2017
28
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
($1.8 billion); 2018 ($5 billion); 2019 ($5.6 billion); and 2020 ($4 billion). How such cuts are allocated among the states, and how the states allocate these cuts among providers, have yet to be determined.
Accountable Care Organizations (“ACOs”). The Health Reform Law requires HHS to establish a Medicare Shared Savings Program that promotes accountability and coordination of care through the creation of ACOs. Beginning no later than January 1, 2012, the program will allow providers (including hospitals), physicians and other designated professionals and suppliers to form ACOs and voluntarily work together to invest in infrastructure and redesign delivery processes to achieve high quality and efficient delivery of services. The program is intended to produce savings as a result of improved quality and operational efficiency. ACOs that achieve quality performance standards established by HHS will be eligible to share in a portion of the amounts saved by the Medicare program. HHS has significant discretion to determine key elements of the program, including what steps providers must take to be considered an ACO, how to decide if Medicare program savings have occurred, and what portion of such savings will be paid to ACOs. In addition, HHS will determine to what degree hospitals, physicians and other eligible participants will be able to form and operate an ACO without violating certain existing laws, including the Civil Monetary Penalty Law, the Anti-kickback Statute and the Stark Law. However, the Health Reform Law does not authorize HHS to waive other laws that may impact the ability of hospitals and other eligible participants to participate in ACOs, such as antitrust laws.
Bundled Payment Pilot Programs. The Health Reform Law requires HHS to establish a five-year, voluntary national bundled payment pilot program for Medicare services beginning no later than January 1, 2013. Under the program, providers would agree to receive one payment for services provided to Medicare patients for certain medical conditions or episodes of care. HHS will have the discretion to determine how the program will function. For example, HHS will determine what medical conditions will be included in the program and the amount of the payment for each condition. In addition, the Health Reform Law provides for a five-year bundled payment pilot program for Medicaid services to begin January 1, 2012. HHS will select up to eight states to participate based on the potential to lower costs under the Medicaid program while improving care. State programs may target particular categories of beneficiaries, selected diagnoses or geographic regions of the state. The selected state programs will provide one payment for both hospital and physician services provided to Medicaid patients for certain episodes of inpatient care. For both pilot programs, HHS will determine the relationship between the programs and restrictions in certain existing laws, including the Civil Monetary Penalty Law, the Anti-kickback Statute, the Stark Law and the HIPAA privacy, security and transaction standard requirements. However, the Health Reform Law does not authorize HHS to waive other laws that may impact the ability of hospitals and other eligible participants to participate in the pilot programs, such as antitrust laws.
Ambulatory Surgery Centers. The Health Reform Law reduces reimbursement for ASCs through a productivity adjustment to the market basket similar to the productivity adjustment for inpatient and outpatient hospital services, beginning in federal fiscal year 2011.
Medicare Managed Care (Medicare Advantage or “MA”). Under the MA program, the federal government contracts with private health plans to provide inpatient and outpatient benefits to beneficiaries who enroll in such plans. Nationally, approximately 22% of Medicare beneficiaries have elected to enroll in MA plans. Effective in 2014, the Health Reform Law requires MA plans to keep annual administrative costs lower than 15% of annual premium revenue. The Health Reform Law reduces, over a three year period, premium payments to the MA Plans such that CMS’ managed care per capita premium payments are, on average, equal to traditional Medicare. As a result of these changes, payments to MA plans will be reduced by $138 to $145 billion between 2010 and 2019. These reductions to MA plan premium payments may cause some plans to raise premiums or limit benefits, which in turn might cause some Medicare beneficiaries to terminate their MA coverage and enroll in traditional Medicare.
29
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
Specialty Hospital Limitations
Over the last decade, we have faced significant competition from hospitals that have physician ownership. The Health Reform Law prohibits newly created physician-owned hospitals from billing for Medicare patients referred by their physician owners. As a result, the new law will effectively prevent the formation of physician-owned hospitals after December 31, 2010. While the new law grandfathers existing physician-owned hospitals, it does not allow these hospitals to increase the percentage of physician ownership and significantly restricts their ability to expand services.
Program Integrity and Fraud and Abuse
The Health Reform Law makes several significant changes to health care fraud and abuse laws, provides additional enforcement tools to the government, increases cooperation between agencies by establishing mechanisms for the sharing of information and enhances criminal and administrative penalties for non-compliance. For example, the Health Reform Law: (1) provides $350 million in increased federal funding over the next 10 years to fight health care fraud, waste and abuse; (2) expands the scope of the Recovery Audit Contractor (“RAC”) program to include MA plans and Medicaid; (3) authorizes HHS, in consultation with the Office of Inspector General of HHS (“OIG”), to suspend Medicare and Medicaid payments to a provider of services or a supplier “pending an investigation of a credible allegation of fraud;” (4) provides Medicare contractors with additional flexibility to conduct random prepayment reviews; and (5) tightens up the rules for returning overpayments made by governmental health programs and expands False Claims Act liability to include failure to timely repay identified overpayments.
Impact of Health Reform Law on the Company
The expansion of health insurance coverage under the Health Reform Law may result in a material increase in the number of patients using our facilities who have either private or public program coverage. In addition, a disproportionately large percentage of the new Medicaid coverage is likely to be in states that currently have relatively low income eligibility requirements. Two such states are Texas and Florida, where about one-half of the Company’s licensed beds are located. The Company also has a significant presence in other relatively low income eligibility states, including Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma and Virginia. Further, the Health Reform Law provides for a value-based purchasing program, the establishment of ACOs and bundled payment pilot programs, which will create possible sources of additional revenue.
However, it is difficult to predict the size of the potential revenue gains to the Company as a result of these elements of the Health Reform Law, because of uncertainty surrounding a number of material factors, including the following:
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| • | how many previously uninsured individuals will obtain coverage as a result of the Health Reform Law (while the CBO estimates 32 million, CMS estimates almost 34 million; both agencies made a number of assumptions to derive that figure, including how many individuals will ignore substantial subsidies and decide to pay the penalty rather than obtain health insurance and what percentage of people in the future will meet the new Medicaid income eligibility requirements); |
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| • | what percentage of the newly insured patients will be covered under the Medicaid program and what percentage will be covered by private health insurers; |
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| • | the extent to which states will enroll new Medicaid participants in managed care programs; |
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| • | the pace at which insurance coverage expands, including the pace of different types of coverage expansion; |
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| • | the change, if any, in the volume of inpatient and outpatient hospital services that are sought by and provided to previously uninsured individuals; |
30
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Health Care Reform (Continued)
| | |
| • | the rate paid to hospitals by private payers for newly covered individuals, including those covered through the newly created Exchanges and those who might be covered under the Medicaid program under contracts with the state; |
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| • | the rate paid by state governments under the Medicaid program for newly covered individuals; |
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| • | how the value-based purchasing and other quality programs will be implemented; |
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| • | the percentage of individuals in the Exchanges who select the high deductible plans, since health insurers offering those kinds of products have traditionally sought to pay lower rates to hospitals; |
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| • | whether the net effect of the Health Reform Law, including the prohibition on excluding individuals based on pre-existing conditions, the requirement to keep medical costs lower than a specified percentage of premium revenue, other health insurance reforms and the annual fee applied to all health insurers, will be to put pressure on the bottom line of health insurers, which in turn might cause them to seek to reduce payments to hospitals with respect to both newly insured individuals and their existing business; and |
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| • | the possibility that implementation of provisions expanding health insurance coverage will be delayed or even blocked due to court challenges or revised or eliminated as a result of efforts to repeal or amend the new law. |
On the other hand, the Health Reform Law provides for significant reductions in the growth of Medicare spending, reductions in Medicare and Medicaid DSH payments and the establishment of programs where reimbursement is tied to quality and integration. Since approximately 40% of our revenues in 2009 were from Medicare and Medicaid, reductions to these programs may significantly impact the Company and could offset any positive effects of the Health Reform Law. It is difficult to predict the size of the revenue reductions to Medicare and Medicaid spending, because of uncertainty regarding a number of material factors, including the following:
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| • | the amount of overall revenues the Company will generate from Medicare and Medicaid business when the reductions are implemented; |
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| • | whether reductions required by the Health Reform Law will be changed by statute prior to becoming effective; |
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| • | the size of the Health Reform Law’s annual productivity adjustment to the market basket beginning in 2012 payment years; |
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| • | the amount of the Medicare DSH reductions that will be made, commencing in federal fiscal year 2014; |
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| • | the allocation to our hospitals of the Medicaid DSH reductions, commencing in federal fiscal year 2014; |
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| • | what the losses in revenues will be, if any, from the Health Reform Law’s quality initiatives; |
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| • | how successful ACOs, in which we participate, will be at coordinating care and reducing costs; |
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| • | the scope and nature of potential changes to Medicare reimbursement methods, such as an emphasis on bundling payments or coordination of care programs; |
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| • | whether the Company’s revenues from UPL programs will be adversely affected, because there may be fewer indigent, non-Medicaid patients for whom the Company provides services pursuant to UPL programs; and |
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| • | reductions to Medicare payments CMS may impose for “excessive readmissions.” |
Because of the many variables involved, we are unable to predict the net effect on the Company of the expected increases in insured individuals using our facilities, the reductions in Medicare spending and reductions in Medicare and Medicaid DSH funding, and numerous other provisions in the law that may affect the Company.
31
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
First Quarter 2010 Operations Summary
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. totaled $388 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to $360 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2009. Revenues increased to $7.544 billion in the first quarter of 2010 from $7.431 billion in the first quarter of 2009. First quarter 2010 results include impairments of long-lived assets of $18 million. First quarter 2009 results include losses on sales of facilities of $5 million and impairments of long-lived assets of $9 million.
Revenues increased 1.5% on a consolidated basis and on a same facility basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009. The increase in consolidated revenues can be attributed to the combined impact of a 0.6% increase in revenue per equivalent admission and a 0.9% increase in equivalent admissions. The same facility revenues increase resulted from the combined impact of a 0.4% increase in same facility revenue per equivalent admission and a 1.1% increase in same facility equivalent admissions.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2010, consolidated admissions and same facility admissions increased 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009. Inpatient surgeries declined 0.1% on a consolidated basis and declined 0.4% on a same facility basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009. Outpatient surgeries declined 1.9% on a consolidated basis and declined 1.8% on a same facility basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009. Emergency department visits increased 0.5% on a consolidated basis and increased 1.0% on a same facility basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009.
For the quarter ended March 31, 2010, the provision for doubtful accounts declined $243 million to 7.5% of revenues, from 10.9% of revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2009. The self-pay revenue deductions for charity care and uninsured discounts increased $55 million and $418 million (we increased our uninsured discount percentages during August 2009), respectively, during the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. The sum of the provision for doubtful accounts, uninsured discounts and charity care, as a percentage of the sum of revenues, uninsured discounts and charity care, was 23.5% for the first quarter of 2010, compared to 22.4% for the first quarter of 2009. Same facility uninsured admissions increased 6.8% and same facility uninsured emergency room visits decreased 1.6% for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009.
The increases in the self-pay revenue deductions result in reductions to both the provision for doubtful accounts and revenues, and were the primary contributing factors to the lower growth rates we experienced in revenues and revenue per equivalent admission during the quarter ended March 31, 2010.
Interest expense increased $45 million to $516 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, from $471 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2009. The additional interest expense was due primarily to an increase in the average effective interest rate.
Cash flows from operating activities increased $286 million, from $615 million for the first quarter of 2009 to $901 million for the first quarter of 2010. The increase related primarily to income tax payments, as we received a net refund of $71 million in the first quarter of 2010 and made net payments of $146 million in the first quarter of 2009.
Results of Operations
Revenue/Volume Trends
Our revenues depend upon inpatient occupancy levels, the ancillary services and therapy programs ordered by physicians and provided to patients, the volume of outpatient procedures and the charge and negotiated payment rates for such services. Gross charges typically do not reflect what our facilities are actually paid. Our facilities have entered into agreements with third-party payers, including government programs and managed care health plans, under which the facilities are paid based upon the cost of providing services, predetermined rates per diagnosis,
32
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Results of Operations (continued)
Revenue/Volume Trends (continued)
fixed per diem rates or discounts from gross charges. We do not pursue collection of amounts related to patients who meet our guidelines to qualify for charity care; therefore, they are not reported in revenues. We provide discounts to uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid or charity care that are similar to the discounts provided to many local managed care plans.
Revenues increased 1.5% from $7.431 billion in the first quarter of 2009 to $7.544 billion in the first quarter of 2010. The increase in consolidated revenues can be attributed to the combined impact of a 0.6% increase in revenue per equivalent admission and a 0.9% increase in equivalent admissions. Same facility revenues increased 1.5% from $7.381 billion in the first quarter of 2009 to $7.491 billion in the first quarter of 2010. The increase in same facility revenues can be attributed to the combined impact of a 0.4% increase in same facility revenue per equivalent admission and a 1.1% increase in same facility equivalent admissions. The increases in the self-pay revenue deductions result in reductions to both the provision for doubtful accounts and revenues, and were the primary contributing factors to the lower growth rates we experienced in revenues and revenue per equivalent admission during the quarter ended March 31, 2010.
Consolidated admissions and same facility admissions increased 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, in the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Consolidated outpatient surgeries declined 1.9% and same facility outpatient surgeries declined 1.8% in the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Consolidated inpatient surgeries declined 0.1% and same facility inpatient surgeries declined 0.4% in the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Emergency department visits increased 0.5% on a consolidated basis and increased 1.0% on a same facility basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009.
Same facility uninsured admissions increased by 1,601 admissions, or 6.8%, in the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Same facility uninsured admissions in 2009, compared to 2008, increased 0.2% in the fourth quarter of 2009, increased 8.2% in the third quarter of 2009, increased 10.4% in the second quarter of 2009 and declined 0.1% in the first quarter of 2009.
The approximate percentages of our admissions related to Medicare, managed Medicare, Medicaid, managed Medicaid, managed care and other insurers and the uninsured for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 are set forth in the following table.
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Medicare | | | 35 | % | | | 35 | % |
Managed Medicare | | | 11 | | | | 10 | |
Medicaid | | | 9 | | | | 9 | |
Managed Medicaid | | | 7 | | | | 7 | |
Managed care and other insurers | | | 32 | | | | 33 | |
Uninsured | | | 6 | | | | 6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
33
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Results of Operations (continued)
Revenue/Volume Trends (continued)
The approximate percentages of our inpatient revenues related to Medicare, managed Medicare, Medicaid, managed Medicaid, managed care and other insurers and the uninsured for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 are set forth in the following table.
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Medicare | | | 32 | % | | | 33 | % |
Managed Medicare | | | 9 | | | | 8 | |
Medicaid | | | 9 | | | | 7 | |
Managed Medicaid | | | 4 | | | | 4 | |
Managed care and other insurers | | | 44 | | | | 44 | |
Uninsured | | | 2 | | | | 4 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
At March 31, 2010, we had 73 hospitals in the states of Texas and Florida. During the first quarter of 2010, 58% of our admissions and 52% of our revenues were generated by these hospitals. Uninsured admissions in Texas and Florida represented 64% of our uninsured admissions during the first quarter of 2010.
We receive a significant portion of our revenues from government health programs, principally Medicare and Medicaid, which are highly regulated and subject to frequent and substantial changes. We have increased the indigent care services we provide in several communities in the state of Texas, in affiliation with other hospitals. Hospitals receiving Medicaid supplemental payments may include those that are providing additional indigent care services. Such payments must be within the federal UPL established by federal regulation. Our Texas Medicaid revenues included $169 million and $63 million during the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively, of Medicaid supplemental payments pursuant to UPL programs.
34
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Results of Operations (continued)
Operating Results Summary
The following are comparative summaries of results from operations for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | Amount | | | Ratio | | | Amount | | | Ratio | |
|
Revenues | | $ | 7,544 | | | | 100.0 | | | $ | 7,431 | | | | 100.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 3,072 | | | | 40.7 | | | | 2,923 | | | | 39.3 | |
Supplies | | | 1,200 | | | | 15.9 | | | | 1,210 | | | | 16.3 | |
Other operating expenses | | | 1,202 | | | | 15.9 | | | | 1,102 | | | | 14.8 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | 564 | | | | 7.5 | | | | 807 | | | | 10.9 | |
Equity in earnings of affiliates | | | (68 | ) | | | (0.9 | ) | | | (68 | ) | | | (0.9 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 355 | | | | 4.8 | | | | 353 | | | | 4.8 | |
Interest expense | | | 516 | | | | 6.8 | | | | 471 | | | | 6.3 | |
Losses on sales of facilities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5 | | | | 0.1 | |
Impairments of long-lived assets | | | 18 | | | | 0.2 | | | | 9 | | | | 0.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 6,859 | | | | 90.9 | | | | 6,812 | | | | 91.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 685 | | | | 9.1 | | | | 619 | | | | 8.3 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 209 | | | | 2.8 | | | | 187 | | | | 2.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | 476 | | | | 6.3 | | | | 432 | | | | 5.8 | |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | 88 | | | | 1.1 | | | | 72 | | | | 1.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. | | $ | 388 | | | | 5.2 | | | $ | 360 | | | | 4.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
% changes from prior year: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | 1.5 | % | | | | | | | 4.3 | % | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 10.6 | | | | | | | | 80.1 | | | | | |
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. | | | 8.1 | | | | | | | | 111.6 | | | | | |
Admissions(a) | | | 0.7 | | | | | | | | (1.4 | ) | | | | |
Equivalent admissions(b) | | | 0.9 | | | | | | | | 1.5 | | | | | |
Revenue per equivalent admission | | | 0.6 | | | | | | | | 2.8 | | | | | |
Same facility % changes from prior year(c): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | 1.5 | | | | | | | | 4.6 | | | | | |
Admissions(a) | | | 0.9 | | | | | | | | (0.9 | ) | | | | |
Equivalent admissions(b) | | | 1.1 | | | | | | | | 1.9 | | | | | |
Revenue per equivalent admission | | | 0.4 | | | | | | | | 2.7 | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | Represents the total number of patients admitted to our hospitals and is used by management and certain investors as a general measure of inpatient volume. |
|
(b) | | Equivalent admissions are used by management and certain investors as a general measure of combined inpatient and outpatient volume. Equivalent admissions are computed by multiplying admissions (inpatient volume) by the sum of gross inpatient revenues and gross outpatient revenues and then dividing the resulting amount by gross inpatient revenues. The equivalent admissions computation “equates” outpatient revenues to the volume measure (admissions) used to measure inpatient volume, resulting in a general measure of combined inpatient and outpatient volume. |
|
(c) | | Same facility information excludes the operations of hospitals and their related facilities which were either acquired or divested during the current and prior period. |
35
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Results of Operations (continued)
Operating Results Summary (continued)
Supplemental Non-GAAP Disclosures
Operating Measures on a Cash Revenues Basis
(Dollars in millions)
The results from operations presented on a cash revenues basis for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | | | | Non-GAAP
| | | | | | | | | Non-GAAP
| | | | |
| | | | | % of Cash
| | | GAAP % of
| | | | | | % of Cash
| | | GAAP % of
| |
| | | | | Revenues
| | | Revenues
| | | | | | Revenues
| | | Revenues
| |
| | Amount | | | Ratios(b) | | | Ratios(b) | | | Amount | | | Ratios(b) | | | Ratios(b) | |
|
Revenues | | $ | 7,544 | | | | | | | | 100.0 | | | $ | 7,431 | | | | | | | | 100.0 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | 564 | | | | | | | | | | | | 807 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash revenues(a) | | | 6,980 | | | | 100.0 | | | | | | | | 6,624 | | | | 100.0 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | | 3,072 | | | | 44.0 | | | | 40.7 | | | | 2,923 | | | | 44.1 | | | | 39.3 | |
Supplies | | | 1,200 | | | | 17.2 | | | | 15.9 | | | | 1,210 | | | | 18.3 | | | | 16.3 | |
Other operating expenses | | | 1,202 | | | | 17.3 | | | | 15.9 | | | | 1,102 | | | | 16.6 | | | | 14.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
% changes from prior year: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | 1.5 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash revenues | | | 5.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenue per equivalent admission | | | 0.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash revenue per equivalent admission | | | 4.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | Cash revenues is defined as reported revenues less the provision for doubtful accounts. We use cash revenues as an analytical indicator for purposes of assessing the effect of uninsured patient volumes, adjusted for the effect of both the revenue deductions related to uninsured accounts (charity care and uninsured discounts) and the provision for doubtful accounts (which relates primarily to uninsured accounts), on our revenues and certain operating expenses, as a percentage of cash revenues. Variations in the revenue deductions related to uninsured accounts generally have the inverse effect on the provision for doubtful accounts. We increased our uninsured discount percentages during August 2009 and the resulting effects, for the first quarter of 2010, were an increase in uninsured discounts of $418 million and a decline in the provision for doubtful accounts of $243 million, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Cash revenues is commonly used as an analytical indicator within the health care industry. Cash revenues should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles. Because cash revenues is not a measurement determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and is thus susceptible to varying calculations, cash revenues, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other health care companies. |
|
(b) | | Salaries and benefits, supplies and other operating expenses, as a percentage of cash revenues (a non-GAAP financial measure), present the impact on these ratios due to the adjustment of deducting the provision for doubtful accounts from reported revenues and results in these ratios being non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors to provide disclosures of our results of operations on the same basis as that used by management. Management uses this information to compare certain operating expense categories as a percentage of cash revenues. Management finds this information useful to evaluate certain expense category trends without the influence of whether adjustments related to revenues for uninsured accounts are recorded as revenue adjustments (charity care and uninsured discounts) or operating expenses (provision for doubtful accounts), and thus the expense category trends are generally analyzed as a percentage of cash revenues. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered alternatives to GAAP financial measures. We believe this supplemental information provides management and the users of our financial statements with useful information forperiod-to-period comparisons. Investors are encouraged to use GAAP measures when evaluating our overall financial performance. |
36
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Results of Operations (continued)
Quarters Ended March 31, 2010 and 2009
Net income attributable to HCA Inc. totaled $388 million for the first quarter of 2010 compared to $360 million for the first quarter of 2009. Revenues increased 1.5% due to the combined impact of revenue per equivalent admission growth of 0.6% and an increase of 0.9% in equivalent admissions for the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009. Cash revenues (reported revenues less the provision for doubtful accounts) increased 5.4% for the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009.
For the first quarter of 2010, consolidated admissions and same facility admissions increased 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Outpatient surgical volumes declined 1.9% on a consolidated basis and declined 1.8% on a same facility basis during the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Consolidated inpatient surgeries declined 0.1% and same facility inpatient surgeries declined 0.4% in the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. Emergency department visits increased 0.5% on a consolidated basis and increased 1.0% on a same facility basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2010, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2009.
Salaries and benefits, as a percentage of revenues, were 40.7% in the first quarter of 2010 and 39.3% in the first quarter of 2009. Salaries and benefits, as a percentage of cash revenues, were 44.0% in the first quarter of 2010 and 44.1% in the first quarter of 2009. Salaries and benefits per equivalent admission increased 4.2% in the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009. Same facility labor rate increases averaged 2.7% for the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009.
Supplies, as a percentage of revenues, were 15.9% in the first quarter of 2010 and 16.3% in the first quarter of 2009. Supplies, as a percentage of cash revenues, were 17.2% in the first quarter of 2010 and 18.3% in the first quarter of 2009. Supply cost per equivalent admission declined 1.7% in the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009. Supply costs per equivalent admission increased 3.0% for medical devices, 4.3% for blood products and 4.8% for general medical and surgical items and declined 7.2% for pharmacy supplies in the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009.
Other operating expenses, as a percentage of revenues, increased to 15.9% in the first quarter of 2010 compared to 14.8% in the first quarter of 2009. Other operating expenses, as a percentage of cash revenues, increased to 17.3% in the first quarter of 2010 compared to 16.6% in the first quarter of 2009. Other operating expenses is primarily comprised of contract services, professional fees, repairs and maintenance, rents and leases, utilities, insurance (including professional liability insurance) and nonincome taxes. Other operating expenses include $90 million and $39 million of indigent care costs in certain Texas markets during the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively, and this increase is the primary component of the overall increase in other operating expenses. Provisions for losses related to professional liability risks were $56 million and $45 million for the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Provision for doubtful accounts declined $243 million, from $807 million in the first quarter of 2009 to $564 million in the first quarter of 2010, and as a percentage of revenues, declined to 7.5% in the first quarter of 2010 compared to 10.9% in the first quarter of 2009. The provision for doubtful accounts and the allowance for doubtful accounts relate primarily to uninsured amounts due directly from patients. The combined self-pay revenue deductions for charity care and uninsured discounts increased $473 million during the first quarter of 2010, compared to the first quarter of 2009. The sum of the provision for doubtful accounts, uninsured discounts and charity care, as a percentage of the sum of revenues, uninsured discounts and charity care, was 23.5% for the first quarter of 2010, compared to 22.4% for the first quarter of 2009. To quantify the total impact of and trends related to uninsured accounts, we believe it is beneficial to review the related revenue deductions and the provision for doubtful accounts in combination, rather than separately. At March 31, 2010, our allowance for doubtful accounts represented approximately 94% of the $4.833 billion total patient due accounts receivable balance. The patient due accounts receivable balance represents the estimated uninsured portion of our accounts receivable.
37
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Results of Operations (continued)
Quarters Ended March 31, 2010 and 2009 (continued)
Equity in earnings of affiliates was $68 million in each of the first quarters of 2010 and 2009. Equity in earnings of affiliates relates primarily to our Denver, Colorado market joint venture.
Depreciation and amortization increased $2 million, from $353 million in the first quarter of 2009 to $355 million in the first quarter of 2010.
Interest expense increased from $471 million in the first quarter of 2009 to $516 million in the first quarter of 2010 primarily due to an increase in the average effective interest rate. Our average debt balance was $26.314 billion for the first quarter of 2010 compared to $26.794 billion for the first quarter of 2009. The average effective interest rate for our long term debt increased from 7.1% for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 to 8.0% for the quarter ended March 31, 2010.
During the first quarter of 2010, no gains or losses on sales of facilities were recognized. During the first quarter of 2009, we recorded a net loss on sales of facilities and other investments of $5 million.
During the first quarter of 2010, we recorded asset impairment charges of $18 million to adjust the values of real estate and other investments to estimated fair value. During the first quarter of 2009, we recorded an asset impairment charge of $9 million to adjust the value of certain real estate investments to estimated fair value.
The effective tax rate was 35.0% and 34.1% for the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively. The effective tax rate computations exclude net income attributable to noncontrolling interests as it relates to consolidated partnerships.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased from $72 million for the first quarter of 2009 to $88 million for the first quarter of 2010. The increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests related primarily to growth in operating results of hospital joint ventures in two Texas markets.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash provided by operating activities totaled $901 million in the first quarter of 2010 compared to $615 million in the first quarter of 2009. The $286 million increase in cash provided by operating activities in the first quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009 related primarily to a $239 million decrease in income taxes and a $44 million increase in net income. We made $303 million and $490 million in combined interest and net tax payments in the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively. Working capital totaled $2.167 billion at March 31, 2010 and $2.264 billion at December 31, 2009. The net decline in working capital at March 31, 2010 compared to December 31, 2009 is due primarily to an increase in the current portion of long-term debt.
Cash used in investing activities was $181 million in the first quarter of 2010 compared to $288 million in the first quarter of 2009. Excluding acquisitions, capital expenditures were $214 million in the first quarter of 2010 and $337 million in the first quarter of 2009. We expended $21 million and $38 million for acquisitions of nonhospital health care facilities during the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively. Capital expenditures are expected to approximate $1.500 billion in 2010. At March 31, 2010, there were projects under construction which had estimated additional costs to complete and equip over the next five years of approximately $1.230 billion. We expect to finance capital expenditures with internally generated and borrowed funds. We received $24 million and $5 million from sales of hospitals and health care entities during the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively. We received cash flows from our investments of $29 million and $76 million in the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Cash used in financing activities totaled $644 million during the first quarter of 2010 compared to $436 million during the first quarter of 2009. During the first quarter of 2010, cash flows used in financing activities included payment of a cash distribution to stockholders of $1.751 billion, increases in net borrowings of $1.216 billion, payments of debt issuance costs of $25 million and distributions to noncontrolling interests of $83 million. During
38
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Liquidity and Capital Resources (continued)
the first quarter of 2009, cash flows used in financing activities included reductions in net borrowings of $374 million, payment of debt issuance costs of $14 million and distributions to noncontrolling interests of $55 million.
We are a highly leveraged company with significant debt service requirements. Our debt totaled $26.855 billion at March 31, 2010. Our interest expense was $516 million for the first quarter of 2010 and $471 million for the first quarter of 2009. The increase in interest expense is due primarily to an increase in the average effective interest rate.
In addition to cash flows from operations, available sources of capital include amounts available under our senior secured credit facilities ($1.851 billion and $1.816 billion available as of March 31, 2010 and April 30, 2010, respectively) and anticipated access to public and private debt markets.
Investments of our professional liability insurance subsidiary, to maintain statutory equity and pay claims, totaled $1.303 billion and $1.316 billion at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. The insurance subsidiary maintained net reserves for professional liability risks of $588 million and $590 million at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. Our facilities are insured by ourwholly-owned insurance subsidiary for losses up to $50 million per occurrence; however, since January 2007, this coverage is subject to a $5 million per occurrence self-insured retention. Net reserves for the self-insured professional liability risks retained were $698 million and $679 million at March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. Claims payments, net of reinsurance recoveries, during the next 12 months are expected to approximate $250 million. We estimate that approximately $100 million of the expected net claim payments during the next 12 months will relate to claims in the self-insured retention.
On January 27, 2010, our Board of Directors declared a distribution to the Company’s stockholders and holders of vested stock options. The distribution was $17.50 per share and vested stock option, or $1.751 billion in the aggregate. The distribution was paid on February 5, 2010 to holders of record on February 1, 2010. The distribution was funded using funds available under our existing senior secured credit facilities and approximately $100 million of cash on hand.
During February 2009, we issued $310 million aggregate principal amount of 97/8% senior secured second lien notes due 2017 at a price of 96.673% of their face value, resulting in $300 million of gross proceeds. During April 2009, we issued $1.500 billion aggregate principal amount of 81/2% senior secured first lien notes due 2019 at a price of 96.755% of their face value, resulting in $1.451 billion of gross proceeds. During August 2009, we issued $1.250 billion aggregate principal amount of 77/8% senior secured first lien notes due 2020 at a price of 98.254% of their face value, resulting in $1.228 billion of gross proceeds. During March 2010, we issued $1.400 billion aggregate principal amount of 71/4% senior secured first lien notes due 2020 at a price of 99.095% of their face value, resulting in $1.387 billion of gross proceeds. After the payment of related fees and expenses, we used the proceeds from these debt issuances to repay outstanding indebtedness under our senior secured term loan facilities.
On April 6, 2010, we entered into an amendment of our senior secured term loan B facility extending the maturity of $2.0 billion of loans from November 17, 2013 to March 31, 2017 and to increase the ABR margin and LIBOR margin with respect to such extended term loans to 2.25% and 3.25%, respectively.
On May 5, 2010, our Board of Directors declared a distribution to the Company’s stockholders and holders of vested stock options. The distribution will be $5.00 per share and vested stock option, or approximately $500 million in the aggregate. The distribution is expected to be paid on May 14, 2010, to holders of record on May 6, 2010. The distribution is expected to be funded using funds available under our existing senior secured credit facilities.
Management believes that cash flows from operations, amounts available under our senior secured credit facilities and our anticipated access to public and private debt markets will be sufficient to meet expected liquidity needs during the next twelve months.
39
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Liquidity and Capital Resources (continued)
Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in market values of securities. The investments in debt and equity securities of our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary were $1.296 billion and $7 million, respectively, at March 31, 2010. These investments are carried at fair value, with changes in unrealized gains and losses being recorded as adjustments to other comprehensive income. At March 31, 2010, we had a net unrealized gain of $22 million on the insurance subsidiary’s investment securities.
We are exposed to market risk related to market illiquidity. Liquidity of the investments in debt and equity securities of our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary could be impaired by the inability to access the capital markets. Should the wholly-owned insurance subsidiary require significant amounts of cash in excess of normal cash requirements to pay claims and other expenses on short notice, we may have difficulty selling these investments in a timely manner or be forced to sell them at a price less than what we might otherwise have been able to in a normal market environment. At March 31, 2010, our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary had invested $333 million ($336 million par value) in municipal, tax-exempt student loan auction rate securities (“ARS”) that continue to experience market illiquidity since February 2008 when multiple failed auctions occurred due to a severe credit and liquidity crisis in the capital markets. It is uncertain if auction-related market liquidity will resume for these securities. We may be required to recognizeother-than-temporary impairments on these long-term investments in future periods should issuers default on interest payments or should the fair market valuations of the securities deteriorate due to ratings downgrades or other issue specific factors.
We are also exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, and we periodically enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to these fluctuations. Our interest rate swap agreements involve the exchange of fixed and variable rate interest payments between two parties, based on common notional principal amounts and maturity dates. The notional amounts of the swap agreements represent balances used to calculate the exchange of cash flows and are not our assets or liabilities. Our credit risk related to these agreements is considered low because the swap agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions. The interest payments under these agreements are settled on a net basis. These derivatives have been recognized in the financial statements at their respective fair values. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives, which are designated as cash flow hedges, are included in other comprehensive income, and changes in the fair value of derivatives which have not been designated as hedges are recorded in operations.
With respect to our interest-bearing liabilities, approximately $2.550 billion of long-term debt at March 31, 2010 was subject to variable rates of interest, while the remaining balance in long-term debt of $24.305 billion at March 31, 2010 was subject to fixed rates of interest. Both the general level of interest rates and, for the senior secured credit facilities, our leverage affect our variable interest rates. Our variable debt is comprised primarily of amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit facilities. Borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable margin plus, at our option, either (a) a base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (2) the prime rate of Bank of America or (b) a LIBOR rate for the currency of such borrowing for the relevant interest period. The applicable margin for borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities may fluctuate according to a leverage ratio, with the exception of term loan B where the margin is static. The average effective interest rate for our long-term debt increased from 7.1% for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 to 8.0% for the quarter ended March 31, 2010.
The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt was $27.007 billion at March 31, 2010. The estimates of fair value are based upon the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues of long-term debt with the same maturities. Based on a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates, the potential annualized reduction to future pretax earnings would be approximately $26 million. To mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates, we generally target a portion of our debt portfolio to be maintained at fixed rates.
40
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Liquidity and Capital Resources (continued)
Market Risk (continued)
Our international operations and foreign currency denominated loans expose us to market risks associated with foreign currencies. In order to mitigate the currency exposure related to foreign currency denominated debt service obligations, we have entered into cross currency swap agreements. A cross currency swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange a stream of principal and interest payments in one currency for a stream of principal and interest payments in another currency over a specified period. Our credit risk related to these agreements is considered low because the swap agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions.
Pending IRS Disputes
At March 31, 2010, we were contesting before the IRS Appeals Division, certain claimed deficiencies and adjustments proposed by the IRS in connection with its examinations of the 2003 and 2004 federal income returns for HCA and eight affiliates that are treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. The disputed items include the timing of recognition of certain patient service revenues and our method for calculating the tax allowance for doubtful accounts.
Six taxable periods of HCA and its predecessors ended in 1997 through 2002 and the 2002 taxable year of four affiliated partnerships, for which the primary remaining issue is the computation of the tax allowance for doubtful accounts, were pending before the IRS Examination Division as of March 31, 2010.
The IRS completed its audit of HCA’s 2005 and 2006 federal income tax returns in April 2010. We will contest certain deficiencies and adjustments proposed by the IRS Examination Division in connection with this audit, including the timing of recognition of certain patient service revenues, before the IRS Appeals Division. We anticipate the IRS will begin an audit of the 2007, 2008 and 2009 federal income tax returns for HCA and one or more affiliated partnerships during 2010.
Management believes that HCA, its predecessors, subsidiaries and affiliates properly reported taxable income and paid taxes in accordance with applicable laws and agreements established with the IRS and that final resolution of these disputes will not have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position. However, if payments due upon final resolution of these issues exceed our recorded estimates, such resolutions could have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
41
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Operating Data
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
CONSOLIDATING | | | | | | | | |
Number of hospitals in operation at: | | | | | | | | |
March 31 | | | 154 | | | | 155 | |
June 30 | | | | | | | 155 | |
September 30 | | | | | | | 155 | |
December 31 | | | | | | | 155 | |
Number of freestanding outpatient surgical centers in operation at: | | | | | | | | |
March 31 | | | 98 | | | | 97 | |
June 30 | | | | | | | 97 | |
September 30 | | | | | | | 97 | |
December 31 | | | | | | | 97 | |
Licensed hospital beds at(a): | | | | | | | | |
March 31 | | | 38,719 | | | | 38,763 | |
June 30 | | | | | | | 38,793 | |
September 30 | | | | | | | 38,829 | |
December 31 | | | | | | | 38,839 | |
Weighted average licensed beds(b): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 38,687 | | | | 38,811 | |
Second | | | | | | | 38,817 | |
Third | | | | | | | 38,829 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 38,843 | |
Year | | | | | | | 38,825 | |
Average daily census(c): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 21,696 | | | | 21,701 | |
Second | | | | | | | 20,577 | |
Third | | | | | | | 20,087 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 20,256 | |
Year | | | | | | | 20,650 | |
Admissions(d): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 398,900 | | | | 396,200 | |
Second | | | | | | | 387,400 | |
Third | | | | | | | 387,600 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 385,300 | |
Year | | | | | | | 1,556,500 | |
42
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Operating Data — (Continued)
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Equivalent admissions(e): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 615,500 | | | | 610,200 | |
Second | | | | | | | 609,900 | |
Third | | | | | | | 615,100 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 603,800 | |
Year | | | | | | | 2,439,000 | |
Average length of stay (days)(f): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 4.9 | | | | 4.9 | |
Second | | | | | | | 4.8 | |
Third | | | | | | | 4.8 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 4.8 | |
Year | | | | | | | 4.8 | |
Emergency room visits(g): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 1,367,100 | | | | 1,359,700 | |
Second | | | | | | | 1,398,000 | |
Third | | | | | | | 1,441,200 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 1,394,600 | |
Year | | | | | | | 5,593,500 | |
Outpatient surgeries(h): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 190,700 | | | | 194,400 | |
Second | | | | | | | 200,200 | |
Third | | | | | | | 199,100 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 200,900 | |
Year | | | | | | | 794,600 | |
Inpatient surgeries(i): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 122,500 | | | | 122,600 | |
Second | | | | | | | 124,400 | |
Third | | | | | | | 125,300 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 122,200 | |
Year | | | | | | | 494,500 | |
43
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Operating Data — (Continued)
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
|
Days in accounts receivable(j): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 46 | | | | 47 | |
Second | | | | | | | 45 | |
Third | | | | | | | 43 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 45 | |
Year | | | | | | | 45 | |
Gross patient revenues(k) (dollars in millions): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | $ | 31,054 | | | $ | 28,742 | |
Second | | | | | | | 28,500 | |
Third | | | | | | | 28,340 | |
Fourth | | | | | | | 30,100 | |
Year | | | | | | | 115,682 | |
Outpatient revenues as a % of patient revenues(l): | | | | | | | | |
Quarter: | | | | | | | | |
First | | | 36 | % | | | 38 | % |
Second | | | | | | | 39 | % |
Third | | | | | | | 38 | % |
Fourth | | | | | | | 36 | % |
Year | | | | | | | 38 | % |
NONCONSOLIDATING(m) | | | | | | | | |
Number of hospitals in operation at: | | | | | | | | |
March 31 | | | 8 | | | | 8 | |
June 30 | | | | | | | 8 | |
September 30 | | | | | | | 8 | |
December 31 | | | | | | | 8 | |
Number of freestanding outpatient surgical centers in operation at: | | | | | | | | |
March 31 | | | 8 | | | | 8 | |
June 30 | | | | | | | 8 | |
September 30 | | | | | | | 8 | |
December 31 | | | | | | | 8 | |
Licensed hospital beds at: | | | | | | | | |
March 31 | | | 2,369 | | | | 2,367 | |
June 30 | | | | | | | 2,369 | |
September 30 | | | | | | | 2,369 | |
December 31 | | | | | | | 2,369 | |
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Operating Data — (Continued)
BALANCE SHEET DATA
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | % of Accounts Receivable | |
| | Under 91 Days | | | 91 — 180 Days | | | Over 180 Days | |
|
Accounts receivable aging at March 31, 2010: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicare and Medicaid | | | 14 | % | | | 1 | % | | | 1 | % |
Managed care and other discounted | | | 19 | | | | 4 | | | | 4 | |
Uninsured | | | 14 | | | | 6 | | | | 37 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 47 | % | | | 11 | % | | | 42 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | Licensed beds are those beds for which a facility has been granted approval to operate from the applicable state licensing agency. |
|
(b) | | Weighted average licensed beds represents the average number of licensed beds, weighted based on periods owned. |
|
(c) | | Represents the average number of patients in our hospital beds each day. |
|
(d) | | Represents the total number of patients admitted to our hospitals and is used by management and certain investors as a general measure of inpatient volume. |
|
(e) | | Equivalent admissions are used by management and certain investors as a general measure of combined inpatient and outpatient volume. Equivalent admissions are computed by multiplying admissions (inpatient volume) by the sum of gross inpatient revenues and gross outpatient revenues and then dividing the resulting amount by gross inpatient revenues. The equivalent admissions computation “equates” outpatient revenues to the volume measure (admissions) used to measure inpatient volume resulting in a general measure of combined inpatient and outpatient volume. |
|
(f) | | Represents the average number of days admitted patients stay in our hospitals. |
|
(g) | | Represents the number of patients treated in our emergency rooms. |
|
(h) | | Represents the number of surgeries performed on patients who were not admitted to our hospitals. Pain management and endoscopy procedures are not included in outpatient surgeries. |
|
(i) | | Represents the number of surgeries performed on patients who have been admitted to our hospitals. Pain management and endoscopy procedures are not included in inpatient surgeries. |
|
(j) | | Days in accounts receivable are calculated by dividing the revenues for the period by the days in the period (revenues per day). Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, at the end of the period is then divided by the revenues per day. |
|
(k) | | Gross patient revenues are based upon our standard charge listing. Gross charges/revenues typically do not reflect what our hospital facilities are paid. Gross charges/revenues are reduced by contractual adjustments, discounts and charity care to determine reported revenues. |
|
(l) | | Represents the percentage of patient revenues related to patients who are not admitted to our hospitals. |
|
(m) | | The nonconsolidating facilities include facilities operated through 50/50 joint ventures which we do not control and are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. |
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Part II: Other Information
| |
Item 1: | Legal Proceedings |
We operate in a highly regulated and litigious industry. As a result, various lawsuits, claims and legal and regulatory proceedings have been and can be expected to be instituted or asserted against us. The resolution of any such lawsuits, claims or legal and regulatory proceedings could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial position in a given period.
Government Investigations, Claims and Litigation
In January 2001, we entered into an eight-year Corporate Integrity Agreement (“CIA”) with the Office of Inspector General at the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (“OIG”), which expired on January 24, 2009. Under the CIA, we had numerous affirmative obligations, including the requirement to report potential violations of applicable federal health care laws and regulations. Pursuant to these obligations, we reported a number of potential violations of the Stark Law, the Anti-kickback Statute, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act and other laws, most of which we consider to be nonviolations or technical violations. We submitted our final report pursuant to the CIA on April 30, 2009, and in April 2010, we received notice from the OIG that our final report was accepted, relieving us of future obligations under the CIA. However, the government could still determine that our reportingand/or our resolution of reported issues was inadequate. Violation or breach of the CIA, or violation of federal or state laws relating to Medicare, Medicaid or similar programs, could subject us to substantial monetary fines, civil and criminal penaltiesand/or exclusion from participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Alleged violations may be pursued by the government or through private qui tam actions. Sanctions imposed against us as a result of such actions could have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
New Hampshire Hospital Litigation
In 2006, the Foundation for Seacoast Health (the “Foundation”) filed suit against HCA in state court in New Hampshire. The Foundation alleged that both the 2006 Recapitalization transaction and a prior 1999 intra-corporate transaction violated a 1983 agreement that placed certain restrictions on transfers of the Portsmouth Regional Hospital. In May 2007, the trial court ruled against the Foundation on all its claims. On appeal, the New Hampshire Supreme Court affirmed the ruling on the Recapitalization, but remanded to the trial court the claims based on the 1999 intra-corporate transaction. The trial court ruled in December 2009 that the 1999 intra-corporate transaction breached the transfer restriction provisions of the 1983 agreement. The court will now conduct additional proceedings to determine whether any harm has flowed from the alleged breach, and if so, what the appropriate remedy should be. The court may consider whether to, among other things, award monetary damages, rescind or undo the 1999 intra-corporate transfer or give the Foundation a right to purchase hospital assets at a price to be determined (which the Foundation asserts should be below the fair market value of the hospital).
General Liability and Other Claims
We are a party to certain proceedings relating to claims for income taxes and related interest before the IRS Appeals Division. For a description of those proceedings, see Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Pending IRS Disputes” and Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are also subject to claims and suits arising in the ordinary course of business, including claims for personal injuries or for wrongful restriction of, or interference with, physicians’ staff privileges. In certain of these actions the claimants have asked for punitive damages against us, which may not be covered by insurance. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of these pending claims and legal proceedings will not have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
46
Reference is made to the factors set forth under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I, Item 2 of thisForm 10-Q and other risk factors described in the prospectus. There have not been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the prospectus, except as set forth below.
Our hospitals face competition for patients from other hospitals and health care providers.
The health care business is highly competitive, and competition among hospitals and other health care providers for patients has intensified in recent years. Generally, other hospitals in the local communities we serve provide services similar to those offered by our hospitals. In addition, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) publicizes on its Medicare website performance data related to quality measures and data on patient satisfaction surveys hospitals submit in connection with their Medicare reimbursement. Federal law provides for the future expansion of the number of quality measures that must be reported. Additional quality measures and future trends toward clinical transparency may have an unanticipated impact on our competitive position and patient volumes. Further, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, “Health Reform Law”) requires all hospitals to annually establish, update and make public a list of the hospital’s standard charges for items and services. If any of our hospitals achieve poor results (or results that are lower than our competitors) on these quality measures or on patient satisfaction surveys or if our standard charges are higher than our competitors, our patient volumes could decline.
In addition, the number of freestanding specialty hospitals, surgery centers and diagnostic and imaging centers in the geographic areas in which we operate has increased significantly. As a result, most of our hospitals operate in a highly competitive environment. Some of the facilities that compete with our hospitals are owned by governmental agencies ornot-for-profit corporations supported by endowments, charitable contributionsand/or tax revenues and can finance capital expenditures and operations on a tax-exempt basis. Our hospitals are facing increasing competition from specialty hospitals, some of which are physician-owned, and from both our own and unaffiliated freestanding surgery centers for market share in high margin services and for quality physicians and personnel. If ambulatory surgery centers are better able to compete in this environment than our hospitals, our hospitals may experience a decline in patient volume, and we may experience a decrease in margin, even if those patients use our ambulatory surgery centers. In states that do not require a Certificate of Need (“CON”) for the purchase, construction or expansion of health care facilities or services, competition in the form of new services, facilities and capital spending is more prevalent. Further, if our competitors are better able to attract patients, recruit physicians, expand services or obtain favorable managed care contracts at their facilities than our hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers, we may experience an overall decline in patient volume. See “Information from Company’s Registration Statement onForm S-1 Filed on May 7, 2010 — Business — Competition” in this prospectus supplement.
The growth of uninsured and patient due accounts and a deterioration in the collectibility of these accounts could adversely affect our results of operations.
The primary collection risks of our accounts receivable relate to the uninsured patient accounts and patient accounts for which the primary insurance carrier has paid the amounts covered by the applicable agreement, but patient responsibility amounts (deductibles and copayments) remain outstanding. The provision for doubtful accounts relates primarily to amounts due directly from patients.
The amount of the provision for doubtful accounts is based upon management’s assessment of historical writeoffs and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in federal and state governmental and private employer health care coverage, the rate of growth in uninsured patient admissions and other collection indicators. At March 31, 2010, our allowance for doubtful accounts represented approximately 94% of the $4.833 billion patient due accounts receivable balance. The sum of the provision for doubtful accounts, uninsured discounts and charity care increased from $6.134 billion for 2007 to $7.009 billion for 2008 and to $8.362 billion for 2009.
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A continuation of the trends that have resulted in an increasing proportion of accounts receivable being comprised of uninsured accounts and a deterioration in the collectibility of these accounts will adversely affect our collection of accounts receivable, cash flows and results of operations. Prior to the Health Reform Law being fully implemented, our facilities may experience growth in bad debts, uninsured discounts and charity care as a result of a number of factors, including the recent economic downturn and increase in unemployment. The Health Reform Law seeks to decrease over time the number of uninsured individuals. Among other things, the Health Reform Law will, effective January 1, 2014, expand Medicaid and incentivize employers to offer, and require individuals to carry, health insurance or be subject to penalties. However, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the Health Reform Law due to the law’s complexity, lack of implementing regulations or interpretive guidance, gradual implementation and possible amendment, as well as our inability to foresee how individuals and businesses will respond to the choices afforded them by the law. In addition, even after implementation of the Health Reform Law, we may continue to experience bad debts and have to provide uninsured discounts and charity care for undocumented aliens who are not permitted to enroll in a health insurance exchange or government health care programs.
Changes in governmental programs may reduce our revenues.
A significant portion of our patient volume is derived from government health care programs, principally Medicare and Medicaid. Specifically, we derived approximately 40% of our revenues from the Medicare and Medicaid programs in 2009. In recent years, legislative and regulatory changes have resulted in limitations on and, in some cases, reductions in levels of payments to health care providers for certain services under the Medicare program. For example, CMS has recently completed a two-year transition to full implementation of the Medicare severity diagnosis-related group (“MS-DRG”) system, which represents a refinement to the existing diagnosis-related group system. Future realignments in the MS-DRG system could impact the margins we receive for certain services. Further, the Health Reform Law provides for material reductions in the growth of Medicare program spending, including reductions in Medicare market basket updates, and Medicare and Medicaid DSH funding. Reductions to our reimbursement under the Medicare and Medicaid programs by the Health Reform Law could adversely affect our business and results of operations to the extent such reductions are not offset by anticipated increases in revenues from providing care to previously uninsured individuals.
Since most states must operate with balanced budgets and since the Medicaid program is often a state’s largest program, some states can be expected to enact or consider enacting legislation designed to reduce their Medicaid expenditures. The current economic downturn has increased the budgetary pressures on many states, and these budgetary pressures have resulted, and likely will continue to result, in decreased spending for Medicaid programs and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”) in many states. Further, many states have also adopted, or are considering, legislation designed to reduce coverage, enroll Medicaid recipients in managed care programsand/or impose additional taxes on hospitals to help finance or expand the states’ Medicaid systems. Effective March 23, 2010, the Health Reform Law requires states to at least maintain Medicaid eligibility standards established prior to the enactment of the law for adults until January 1, 2014 and for children until October 1, 2019. However, states with budget deficits may seek exceptions from this requirement to address eligibility standards that apply to adults making more than 133% of the federal poverty level. The Health Reform Law also provides for significant expansions to the Medicaid program, but these changes are not required until 2014. In addition, the Health Reform Law will result in increased state legislative and regulatory changes in order for states to comply with new federal mandates, such as the requirement to establish health insurance exchanges, and to participate in grants and other incentive opportunities.
In some cases, commercial third-party payers rely on all or portions of the MS-DRG system to determine payment rates, which may result in decreased reimbursement from some commercial third-party payers. Other changes to government health care programs may negatively impact payments from commercial third-party payers.
Current or future health care reform efforts, changes in laws or regulations regarding government health programs, other changes in the administration of government health programs and changes to commercial third-party payers in response to health care reform and other changes to government health programs could have a material, adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
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We are unable to predict the impact of the Health Reform Law, which represents significant change to the health care industry.
The Health Reform Law will change how health care services are covered, delivered, and reimbursed through expanded coverage of uninsured individuals, reduced growth in Medicare program spending, reductions in Medicare and Medicaid DSH payments and the establishment of programs where reimbursement is tied to quality and integration. In addition, the new law reforms certain aspects of health insurance, expands existing efforts to tie Medicare and Medicaid payments to performance and quality, and contains provisions intended to strengthen fraud and abuse enforcement.
The expansion of health insurance coverage under the Health Reform Law may result in a material increase in the number of patients using our facilities who have either private or public program coverage. In addition, a disproportionately large percentage of the new Medicaid coverage is likely to be in states that currently have relatively low income eligibility requirements. Two such states are Texas and Florida, where about one-half of the Company’s licensed beds are located. The Company also has a significant presence in other relatively low income eligibility states, including Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma and Virginia. Further, the Health Reform Law provides for a value-based purchasing program, the establishment of Accountable Care Organizations (“ACOs”) and bundled payment pilot programs, which will create possible sources of additional revenue.
However, it is difficult to predict the size of the potential revenue gains to the Company as a result of these elements of the Health Reform Law, because of uncertainty surrounding a number of material factors, including the following:
| | |
| • | how many previously uninsured individuals will obtain coverage as a result of the Health Reform Law (while the Congressional Budget Office (“CBO”) estimates 32 million, CMS estimates almost 34 million; both agencies made a number of assumptions to derive that figure, including how many individuals will ignore substantial subsidies and decide to pay the penalty rather than obtain health insurance and what percentage of people in the future will meet the new Medicaid income eligibility requirements); |
|
| • | what percentage of the newly insured patients will be covered under the Medicaid program and what percentage will be covered by private health insurers; |
|
| • | the extent to which states will enroll new Medicaid participants in managed care programs; |
|
| • | the pace at which insurance coverage expands, including the pace of different types of coverage expansion; |
|
| • | the change, if any, in the volume of inpatient and outpatient hospital services that are sought by and provided to previously uninsured individuals; |
|
| • | the rate paid to hospitals by private payers for newly covered individuals, including those covered through the newly created Exchanges and those who might be covered under the Medicaid program under contracts with the state; |
|
| • | the rate paid by state governments under the Medicaid program for newly covered individuals; |
|
| • | how the value-based purchasing and other quality programs will be implemented; |
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| • | the percentage of individuals in the Exchanges who select the high deductible plans, since health insurers offering those kinds of products have traditionally sought to pay lower rates to hospitals; |
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| • | whether the net effect of the Health Reform Law, including the prohibition on excluding individuals based on pre-existing conditions, the requirement to keep medical costs lower than a specified percentage of premium revenue, other health insurance reforms and the annual fee applied to all health insurers, will be to put pressure on the bottom line of health insurers, which in turn might cause them to seek to reduce payments to hospitals with respect to both newly insured individuals and their existing business; and |
|
| • | the possibility that implementation of provisions expanding health insurance coverage will be delayed or even blocked due to court challenges or revised or eliminated as a result of efforts to repeal or amend the new law. |
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On the other hand, the Health Reform Law provides for significant reductions in the growth of Medicare spending, reductions in Medicare and Medicaid DSH payments and the establishment of programs where reimbursement is tied to quality and integration. Since approximately 40% of our revenues in 2009 were from Medicare and Medicaid, reductions to these programs may significantly impact the Company and could offset any positive effects of the Health Reform Law. It is difficult to predict the size of the revenue reductions to Medicare and Medicaid spending, because of uncertainty regarding a number of material factors, including the following:
| | |
| • | the amount of overall revenues the Company will generate from Medicare and Medicaid business when the reductions are implemented; |
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| • | whether reductions required by the Health Reform Law will be changed by statute prior to becoming effective; |
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| • | the size of the Health Reform Law’s annual productivity adjustment to the market basket beginning in 2012 payment years; |
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| • | the amount of the Medicare DSH reductions that will be made, commencing in federal fiscal year 2014; |
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| • | the allocation to our hospitals of the Medicaid DSH reductions, commencing in federal fiscal year 2014; |
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| • | what the losses in revenues will be, if any, from the Health Reform Law’s quality initiatives; |
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| • | how successful ACOs, in which we participate, will be at coordinating care and reducing costs; |
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| • | the scope and nature of potential changes to Medicare reimbursement methods, such as an emphasis on bundling payments or coordination of care programs; |
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| • | whether the Company’s revenues from UPL programs will be adversely affected, because there may be fewer indigent, non-Medicaid patients for whom the Company provides services pursuant to UPL programs; and |
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| • | reductions to Medicare payments CMS may impose for “excessive readmissions.” |
Because of the many variables involved, we are unable to predict the net effect on the Company of the expected increases in insured individuals using our facilities, the reductions in Medicare spending, reductions in Medicare and Medicaid DSH funding, and numerous other provisions in the Health Reform Law that may affect the Company.
If we are unable to retain and negotiate favorable contracts with nongovernment payers, including managed care plans, our revenues may be reduced.
Our ability to obtain favorable contracts with nongovernment payers, including health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations and other managed care plans significantly affects the revenues and operating results of our facilities. Revenues derived from these entities and other insurers accounted for 53%, 52% and 53% of our patient revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 and the years ended December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Nongovernment payers, including managed care payers, continue to demand discounted fee structures, and the trend toward consolidation among nongovernment payers tends to increase their bargaining power over fee structures. As various provisions of the Health Reform Law are implemented, including the establishment of the Exchanges, nongovernment payers increasingly may demand reduced fees. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to retain and renew our managed care contracts and enter into new managed care contracts on terms favorable to us. Other health care providers may impact our ability to enter into managed care contracts or negotiate increases in our reimbursement and other favorable terms and conditions. For example, some of our competitors may negotiate exclusivity provisions with managed care plans or otherwise restrict the ability of managed care companies to contract with us. It is not clear what impact, if any, the increased obligations on managed care payers and other payers imposed by the Health Reform Law will have on our ability to negotiate reimbursement increases. If we are unable to retain and negotiate favorable contracts with managed care plans or experience reductions in payment increases or amounts received from nongovernment payers, our revenues may be reduced.
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We have been and could become the subject of governmental investigations, claims and litigation.
Health care companies are subject to numerous investigations by various governmental agencies. Further, under the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”), private parties have the right to bringqui tam, or “whistleblower,” suits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the government. Some states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions. Certain of our individual facilities have received, and other facilities may receive, government inquiries from federal and state agencies. Depending on whether the underlying conduct in these or future inquiries or investigations could be considered systemic, their resolution could have a material, adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and liquidity.
Governmental agencies and their agents, such as the Medicare Administrative Contractors, fiscal intermediaries and carriers, as well as the OIG, CMS and state Medicaid programs, conduct audits of our health care operations. Private payers may conduct similar post-payment audits, and we also perform internal audits and monitoring. Depending on the nature of the conduct found in such audits and whether the underlying conduct could be considered systemic, the resolution of these audits could have a material, adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and liquidity.
As required by statute, CMS is in the process of implementing the RAC program on a nationwide basis. Under the program, CMS contracts with RACs to conduct post-payment reviews to detect and correct improper payments in thefee-for-service Medicare program. The Health Reform Law expands the RAC program’s scope to include managed Medicare plans and to include Medicaid claims by requiring all states to enter into contracts with RACs by December 31, 2010. In addition, CMS employs Medicaid Integrity Contractors (“MICs”) to perform post-payment audits of Medicaid claims and identify overpayments. Throughout 2010, MIC audits will continue to expand. The Health Reform Law increases federal funding for the MIC program for federal fiscal year 2011 and later years. In addition to RACs and MICs, several other contractors, including the state Medicaid agencies, have increased their review activities.
Should we be found out of compliance with any of these laws, regulations or programs, depending on the nature of the findings, our business, our financial position and our results of operations could be negatively impacted.
Controls designed to reduce inpatient services may reduce our revenues.
Controls imposed by Medicare, managed Medicare, Medicaid, managed Medicaid and commercial third-party payers designed to reduce admissions and lengths of stay, commonly referred to as “utilization review,” have affected and are expected to continue to affect our facilities. Utilization review entails the review of the admission and course of treatment of a patient by health plans. Inpatient utilization, average lengths of stay and occupancy rates continue to be negatively affected by payer-required preadmission authorization and utilization review and by payer pressure to maximize outpatient and alternative health care delivery services for less acutely ill patients. Efforts to impose more stringent cost controls are expected to continue. For example, the Health Reform Law potentially expands the use of prepayment review by Medicare contractors by eliminating statutory restrictions on their use. Although we are unable to predict the effect these changes will have on our operations, significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates and fees could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Our overall business results may suffer from the recent economic downturn.
During periods of high unemployment, governmental entities often experience budget deficits as a result of increased costs and lower than expected tax collections. These budget deficits at federal, state and local government entities have decreased, and may continue to decrease, spending for health and human service programs, including Medicare, Medicaid and similar programs, which represent significant payer sources for our hospitals. Other risks we face during periods of high unemployment include potential declines in the population covered under managed care agreements, patient decisions to postpone or cancel elective and non-emergency health care procedures, potential increases in the uninsured and underinsured populations and further difficulties in our collecting patient co-payment and deductible receivables.
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The industry trend towards value-based purchasing may negatively impact our revenues.
There is a trend in the health care industry toward value-based purchasing of health care services. These value-based purchasing programs include both public reporting of quality data and preventable adverse events tied to the quality and efficiency of care provided by facilities. Governmental programs including Medicare and Medicaid currently require hospitals to report certain quality data to receive full reimbursement updates. In addition, Medicare does not reimburse for care related to certain preventable adverse events (also called “never events”). Many large commercial payers currently require hospitals to report quality data, and several commercial payers do not reimburse hospitals for certain preventable adverse events. Further, we have implemented a policy pursuant to which we do not bill patients or third-party payers for fees or expenses incurred due to certain preventable adverse events.
The Health Reform Law contains a number of provisions intended to promote value-based purchasing. Effective July 1, 2011, the Health Reform Law will prohibit the use of federal funds under the Medicaid program to reimburse providers for medical assistance provided to treat HACs. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2015, hospitals that fall into the top 25% of national risk-adjusted HAC rates for all hospitals in the previous year will receive a 1% reduction in their total Medicare payments. Hospitals with excessive readmissions for conditions designated by the HHS will receive reduced payments for all inpatient discharges, not just discharges relating to the conditions subject to the excessive readmission standard.
The Health Reform Law also requires HHS to implement a value-based purchasing program for inpatient hospital services. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2013, HHS will reduce inpatient hospital payments for all discharges by a percentage specified by statute ranging from 1% to 2% and pool the total amount collected from these reductions to fund payments to reward hospitals that meet or exceed certain quality performance standards established by HHS. HHS will determine the amount each hospital that meets or exceeds the quality performance standards will receive from the pool of dollars created by these payment reductions.
We expect value-based purchasing programs, including programs that condition reimbursement on patient outcome measures, to become more common and to involve a higher percentage of reimbursement amounts. We are unable at this time to predict how this trend will affect our results of operations, but it could negatively impact our revenues.
We may be subject to liabilities from claims by the Internal Revenue Service.
At March 31, 2010, we were contesting before the Appeals Division of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) certain claimed deficiencies and adjustments proposed by the IRS in connection with its examination of the 2003 and 2004 federal income tax returns for HCA and eight affiliates that are treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes (“affiliated partnerships”). The disputed items include the timing of recognition of certain patient service revenues and our method for calculating the tax allowance for doubtful accounts.
Six taxable periods of HCA and its predecessors ended in 1997 through 2002 and the 2002 taxable year of four affiliated partnerships, for which the primary remaining issue is the computation of the tax allowance for doubtful accounts, are pending before the IRS Examination Division as of March 31, 2010.
The IRS completed its audit of HCA’s 2005 and 2006 federal income tax returns in April 2010. We will contest certain claimed deficiencies and adjustments proposed by the IRS Examination Division in connection with this audit, including the timing of recognition of certain patient service revenues, before the IRS Appeals Division. We anticipate the IRS will begin an audit of the 2007, 2008 and 2009 federal income tax returns for HCA and one or more affiliated partnerships during 2010.
Management believes HCA, its predecessors and affiliates properly reported taxable income and paid taxes in accordance with applicable laws and agreements established with the IRS and final resolution of these disputes will not have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position. However, if payments due upon final resolution of these issues exceed our recorded estimates, such resolutions could have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
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| |
Item 2: | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
During the quarter ended March 31, 2010, HCA issued and sold 38,504 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of stock options for aggregate consideration of $490,926 resulting in 20,514 net settled shares. HCA also issued and sold 12,156 shares of common stock in connection with the cash exercise of stock options for aggregate consideration of $154,989. These shares were issued without registration in reliance on the exemptions afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 701 promulgated thereunder.
The following table provides certain information with respect to our repurchases of common stock from January 1, 2010 through March 31, 2010.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Approximate
| |
| | | | | | | | Total Number
| | | Dollar Value of
| |
| | | | | | | | of Shares
| | | Shares That
| |
| | | | | | | | Purchased as
| | | May Yet Be
| |
| | | | | | | | Part of
| | | Purchased
| |
| | | | | | | | Publicly
| | | Under Publicly
| |
| | Total Number
| | | | | | Announced
| | | Announced
| |
| | of Shares
| | | Average Price
| | | Plans or
| | | Plans or
| |
Period | | Purchased | | | Paid per Share | | | Programs | | | Programs | |
|
January 1, 2010 through January 31, 2010 | | | 2,893 | | | $ | 87.99 | | | | — | | | $ | — | |
February 1, 2010 through February 28, 2010 | | | 18 | | | $ | 87.99 | | | | — | | | | — | |
March 1, 2010 through March 31, 2010 | | | 43,443 | | | $ | 84.71 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total for First Quarter 2010 | | | 46,354 | | | $ | 84.92 | | | | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
During the first quarter of 2010, we purchased 46,354 shares pursuant to the terms of the Management Stockholders Agreementand/or separation agreements and stock purchase agreements between former employees and the Company.
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INFORMATION FROM THE COMPANY’S CURRENT REPORT ON FORM 8-K
FILED ON MAY 7, 2010
On May 5, 2010, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash distribution in the aggregate amount of approximately $500 million (inclusive of the distributions to holders of vested stock options as described below), or $5.00 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Distribution”). The Distribution will be payable on May 14, 2010 to stockholders of record on May 6, 2010 (the “Record Date”). The distributions will be funded through funds available under the Company’s existing senior secured credit facilities.
In connection with the Distribution, the Company will make a cash payment to holders of vested options to purchase the Company’s common stock granted pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans. The cash payment will equal the product of (x) the number of shares of common stock subject to such options outstanding on the Record Date, multiplied by (y) the per share amount of the Distribution, less (z) any applicable withholding taxes. In order to effect the cash payment to holders of vested options granted pursuant to the Company’s 2006 Stock Incentive Plan for Key Employees of HCA Inc. and its Affiliates (the “2006 Plan”), the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors amended the applicable option agreements to provide that, in connection with the Distribution, the Company will make the cash payment described above to holders of vested options granted pursuant to the 2006 Plan in lieu of adjusting the exercise prices of such options. The Company will reduce the per share exercise prices of any unvested options outstanding as of the Record Date by the per share Distribution amount paid in accordance with the terms of the option agreements.
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INFORMATION FROM THE COMPANY’S REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-1
FILED ON MAY 7, 2010
Business
Health Care Facilities
We currently own, manage or operate hospitals; freestanding surgery centers; diagnostic and imaging centers; radiation and oncology therapy centers; comprehensive rehabilitation and physical therapy centers; and various other facilities.
At March 31, 2010, we owned and operated 149 general, acute care hospitals with 38,213 licensed beds, and an additional seven general, acute care hospitals with 2,269 licensed beds, which are operated through joint ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method. Most of our general, acute care hospitals provide medical and surgical services, including inpatient care, intensive care, cardiac care, diagnostic services and emergency services. The general, acute care hospitals also provide outpatient services such as outpatient surgery, laboratory, radiology, respiratory therapy, cardiology and physical therapy. Each hospital has an organized medical staff and a local board of trustees or governing board, made up of members of the local community.
Our hospitals do not typically engage in extensive medical research and education programs. However, some of our hospitals are affiliated with medical schools and may participate in the clinical rotation of medical interns and residents and other education programs.
At March 31, 2010, we operated five psychiatric hospitals with 506 licensed beds. Our psychiatric hospitals provide therapeutic programs including child, adolescent and adult psychiatric care, adult and adolescent alcohol and drug abuse treatment and counseling.
We also operate outpatient health care facilities which include freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (“ASCs”), diagnostic and imaging centers, comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation and physical therapy centers, outpatient radiation and oncology therapy centers and various other facilities. These outpatient services are an integral component of our strategy to develop comprehensive health care networks in select communities. Most of our ASCs are operated through partnerships or limited liability companies, with majority ownership of each partnership or limited liability company typically held by a general partner or subsidiary that is an affiliate of HCA.
Certain of our affiliates provide a variety of management services to our health care facilities, including patient safety programs; ethics and compliance programs; national supply contracts; equipment purchasing and leasing contracts; accounting, financial and clinical systems; governmental reimbursement assistance; construction planning and coordination; information technology systems and solutions; legal counsel; human resources services; and internal audit services.
Sources of Revenue
Hospital revenues depend upon inpatient occupancy levels, the medical and ancillary services ordered by physicians and provided to patients, the volume of outpatient procedures and the charges or payment rates for such services. Charges and reimbursement rates for inpatient services vary significantly depending on the type of payer, the type of service (e.g., medical/surgical, intensive care or psychiatric) and the geographic location of the hospital. Inpatient occupancy levels fluctuate for various reasons, many of which are beyond our control.
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We receive payment for patient services from the federal government under the Medicare program, state governments under their respective Medicaid or similar programs, managed care plans, private insurers and directly from patients. The approximate percentages of our revenues from such sources were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended
| |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
|
Medicare | | | 23 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 24 | % |
Managed Medicare | | | 7 | | | | 6 | | | | 5 | |
Medicaid | | | 6 | | | | 5 | | | | 5 | |
Managed Medicaid | | | 4 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | |
Managed care and other insurers | | | 52 | | | | 53 | | | | 54 | |
Uninsured | | | 8 | | | | 10 | | | | 9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicare is a federal program that provides certain hospital and medical insurance benefits to persons age 65 and over, some disabled persons, persons with end-stage renal disease and persons with Lou Gehrig’s Disease. Medicaid is a federal-state program, administered by the states, which provides hospital and medical benefits to qualifying individuals who are unable to afford health care. All of our general, acute care hospitals located in the United States are certified as health care services providers for persons covered under the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Amounts received under the Medicare and Medicaid programs are generally significantly less than established hospital gross charges for the services provided.
Our hospitals generally offer discounts from established charges to certain group purchasers of health care services, including private insurance companies, employers, HMOs, PPOs and other managed care plans. These discount programs generally limit our ability to increase revenues in response to increasing costs. See “Information from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on May 7, 2010 — Business — Competition.” Patients are generally not responsible for the total difference between established hospital gross charges and amounts reimbursed for such services under Medicare, Medicaid, HMOs or PPOs and other managed care plans, but are responsible to the extent of any exclusions, deductibles or coinsurance features of their coverage. The amount of such exclusions, deductibles and coinsurance continues to increase. Collection of amounts due from individuals is typically more difficult than from governmental or third-party payers. We provide discounts to uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid or charity care under our charity care policy. These discounts are similar to those provided to many local managed care plans. In implementing the discount policy, we attempt to qualify uninsured patients for Medicaid, other federal or state assistance or charity care under our charity care policy. If an uninsured patient does not qualify for these programs, the uninsured discount is applied.
Medicare
Inpatient Acute Care
Under the Medicare program, we receive reimbursement under a prospective payment system (“PPS”) for general, acute care hospital inpatient services. Under the hospital inpatient PPS, fixed payment amounts per inpatient discharge are established based on the patient’s assigned Medicare severity diagnosis-related group (“MS-DRG”). The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) recently completed a two-year transition to full implementation of MS-DRGs to replace the previously used Medicare diagnosis related groups in an effort to better recognize severity of illness in Medicare payment rates. MS-DRGs classify treatments for illnesses according to the estimated intensity of hospital resources necessary to furnish care for each principal diagnosis. MS-DRG weights represent the average resources for a given MS-DRG relative to the average resources for all MS-DRGs. MS-DRG payments are adjusted for area wage differentials. Hospitals, other than those defined as “new,” receive PPS reimbursement for inpatient capital costs based on MS-DRG weights multiplied by a geographically adjusted federal rate. When the cost to treat certain patients falls well outside the normal distribution, providers typically receive additional “outlier” payments.
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MS-DRG rates are updated and MS-DRG weights are recalibrated using cost relative weights each federal fiscal year (which begins October 1). The index used to update the MS-DRG rates (the “market basket”) gives consideration to the inflation experienced by hospitals and entities outside the health care industry in purchasing goods and services. In federal fiscal year 2009, the MS-DRG rate was increased by the full market basket of 3.6%. For the federal fiscal year 2010, CMS set the MS-DRG rate increase at the full market basket of 2.1%. However, in federal fiscal years 2008 and 2009, CMS reduced payments to hospitals through a documentation and coding adjustment intended to account for changes in payments under the MS-DRG system that are not related to changes in patient case mix. In addition, CMS has the authority to determine retrospectively whether the documentation and coding adjustment levels for federal fiscal years 2008 and 2009 were adequate to account for changes in payments not related to changes in patient case mix. CMS did not impose an adjustment for federal fiscal year 2010, but announced its intent to impose reductions to payments in federal fiscal years 2011 and 2012 because of what CMS has determined to be an inadequate adjustment in federal fiscal year 2008.
The Health Reform Law provides for annual decreases to the market basket, including a 0.25% reduction in 2010 for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2010. The Health Reform Law also provides for the following reductions to the market basket update for each of the following federal fiscal years: 0.25% in 2011, 0.1% in 2012 and 2013, 0.3% in 2014, 0.2% in 2015 and 2016 and 0.75% in 2017, 2018 and 2019. For federal fiscal year 2012 and each subsequent federal fiscal year, the Health Reform Law provides for the annual market basket update to be further reduced by a productivity adjustment. The amount of that reduction will be the projected, nationwide productivity gains over the preceding 10 years. To determine the projection, HHS will use the Bureau of Labor Statistics (“BLS”)10-year moving average of changes in specified economy-wide productivity (the BLS data is typically a few years old). The Health Reform Law does not contain guidelines for use by HHS in projecting the productivity figure. Based upon the latest available data, federal fiscal year 2012 market basket reductions resulting from this productivity adjustment are likely to range from 1.0% to 1.4%. CMS estimates that the combined market basket and productivity adjustments will reduce Medicare payments under the inpatient PPS by $112.6 billion from 2010 to 2019. A decrease in payments rates or an increase in rates that is below the increase in our costs may adversely affect the results of our operations.
On April 19, 2010, CMS issued a proposed rule related to the federal fiscal year 2011 hospital inpatient PPS. In this rule, CMS has proposed to increase the MS-DRG rate for federal fiscal year 2011 by the full market basket of 2.4%. However, CMS has also proposed to apply a documentation and coding adjustment of negative 2.9% in federal fiscal year 2011. This reduction represents half of the documentation and coding adjustment required to recover the increase in aggregate payments made in 2008 and 2009 during implementation of the MS-DRG system. CMS plans to recover the remaining 2.9% and interest in federal fiscal year 2012. The market basket update, the documentation and coding adjustment and the decreases mandated by the Health Reform Law together show the aggregate market basket adjustment for federal fiscal year 2011 to be negative 0.75%, if implemented as proposed. Because the proposed rule expressly does not take into account market basket reductions required by the Health Reform Law, it is unclear what impact, if any, the Health Reform Law will have on CMS’ proposal. CMS has also announced that an additional prospective negative adjustment of 3.9% will be needed to avoid increased Medicare spending unrelated to patient severity of illness. CMS is not proposing this additional 3.9% reduction at this time but has stated that it will be required in the future.
Further realignments in the MS-DRG system could also reduce the payments we receive for certain specialties, including cardiology and orthopedics. CMS has focused on payment levels for such specialties in recent years in part because of the proliferation of specialty hospitals. Changes in the payments received for specialty services could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (“MMA”) provides for rate increases at the full market basket if data for patient care quality indicators are submitted to the Secretary of HHS. As required by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (“DRA 2005”), CMS has expanded, through a series of rulemakings, the number of quality measures that must be reported to receive a full market basket update. CMS currently requires hospitals to report 46 quality measures in order to qualify for the full market basket update to the inpatient PPS in federal fiscal year 2011. Failure to submit the required quality indicators will result in a two percentage point reduction to the market basket update. All of our hospitals paid under Medicare inpatient MS-DRG PPS are participating in the quality initiative by submitting the requested quality data. While we will endeavor to
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comply with all data submission requirements as additional requirements continue to be added, our submissions may not be deemed timely or sufficient to entitle us to the full market basket adjustment for all of our hospitals.
As part of CMS’ goal of transforming Medicare from a passive payer to an active purchaser of quality goods and services, for discharges occurring after October 1, 2008, Medicare no longer assigns an inpatient hospital discharge to a higher paying MS-DRG if a selected hospital acquired condition (“HAC”) was not present on admission. In this situation, the case is paid as though the secondary diagnosis was not present. Currently, there are ten categories of conditions on the list of HACs. In addition, CMS has established three National Coverage Determinations that prohibit Medicare reimbursement for erroneous surgical procedures performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis. The Health Reform Law provides for reduced payments based on a hospital’s HAC rates. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2015, hospitals that rank in the top 25% nationally of HACs for all hospitals in the previous year will receive a 1% reduction in their total Medicare payments. In addition, effective July 1, 2011, the Health Reform Law prohibits the use of federal funds under the Medicaid program to reimburse providers for medical services provided to treat HACs.
The Health Reform Law also provides for reduced payments to hospitals based on readmission rates. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2013, inpatient payments will be reduced if a hospital experiences “excessive” readmissions within a30-day period of discharge for heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia or other conditions designated by HHS. Hospitals with what HHS defines as excessive readmissions for these conditions will receive reduced payments for all inpatient discharges, not just discharges relating to the conditions subject to the excessive readmission standard. Each hospital’s performance will be publicly reported by HHS. HHS has the discretion to determine what “excessive” readmissions means, the amount of the payment reduction and other terms and conditions of this program.
The Health Reform Law additionally establishes a value-based purchasing program to further link payments to quality and efficiency. In federal fiscal year 2013, HHS is directed to implement a value-based purchasing program for inpatient hospital services. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2013, CMS will reduce the inpatient PPS payment amount for all discharges by the following: 1% for 2013; 1.25% for 2014; 1.5% for 2015; 1.75% for 2016; and 2% for 2017 and subsequent years. For each federal fiscal year, the total amount collected from these reductions will be pooled and used to fund payments to reward hospitals that meet certain quality performance standards established by HHS. HHS will have the authority to determine the quality performance measures, the standards hospitals must achieve in order to meet the quality performance measures and the methodology for calculating payments to hospitals that meet the required quality threshold. HHS will also determine the amount each hospital that meets or exceeds the quality performance standards will receive from the pool of dollars created by the reductions related to the value-based purchasing program.
Historically, the Medicare program has set aside 5.10% of Medicare inpatient payments to pay for outlier cases. CMS estimates that outlier payments accounted for 4.8% of total operating DRG payments for federal fiscal year 2008. For federal fiscal year 2009, CMS established an outlier threshold of $20,045, and for federal fiscal year 2010, CMS increased the outlier threshold to $23,140. We do not anticipate the increase to the outlier threshold for federal fiscal year 2010 will have a material impact on our results of operations.
Outpatient
CMS reimburses hospital outpatient services (and certain Medicare Part B services furnished to hospital inpatients who have no Part A coverage) on a PPS basis. CMS continues to use fee schedules to pay for physical, occupational and speech therapies, durable medical equipment, clinical diagnostic laboratory services and nonimplantable orthotics and prosthetics, freestanding surgery centers services and services provided by independent diagnostic testing facilities.
Hospital outpatient services paid under PPS are classified into groups called ambulatory payment classifications (“APCs”). Services for each APC are similar clinically and in terms of the resources they require. A payment rate is established for each APC. Depending on the services provided, a hospital may be paid for more than one APC for a patient visit. The APC payment rates were updated for calendar years 2008 and 2009 by market baskets of 3.30% and 3.60%, respectively. On November 20, 2009, CMS published a final rule that updated payment rates for calendar year 2010 by the full market basket of 2.1%. However, the Health Reform Law includes a 0.25% reduction to the market
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basket for 2010. The Health Reform Law also provides for the following reductions to the market basket update for each of the following calendar years: 0.25% in 2011, 0.1% in 2012 and 2013, 0.3% in 2014, 0.2% in 2015 and 2016 and 0.75% in 2017, 2018 and 2019. For calendar year 2012 and each subsequent calendar year, the Health Reform Law provides for an annual market basket update to be further reduced by a productivity adjustment. The amount of that reduction will be the projected, nationwide productivity gains over the preceding 10 years. To determine the projection, HHS will use the BLS10-year moving average of changes in specified economy-wide productivity (the BLS data is typically a few years old). The Health Reform Law does not contain guidelines for use by HHS in projecting the productivity figure. However, CMS estimates that the combined market basket and productivity adjustments will reduce Medicare payments under the outpatient PPS by $26.3 billion from 2010 to 2019. CMS continues to require hospitals to submit quality data relating to outpatient care to receive the full market basket increase under the outpatient PPS in calendar year 2010. CMS required hospitals to report data on eleven quality measures in calendar year 2009 for the payment determination in calendar year 2010 and will continue to require hospitals to report the existing eleven quality measures in calendar year 2010 for the 2011 payment determination. Hospitals that fail to submit such data will receive the market basket update minus two percentage points for the outpatient PPS.
Rehabilitation
CMS reimburses inpatient rehabilitation facilities (“IRFs”) on a PPS basis. Under IRF PPS, patients are classified into case mix groups based upon impairment, age, comorbidities (additional diseases or disorders from which the patient suffers) and functional capability. IRFs are paid a predetermined amount per discharge that reflects the patient’s case mix group and is adjusted for area wage levels, low-income patients, rural areas and high-cost outliers. CMS provided for a market basket update of 2.5% for federal fiscal year 2010. However, the Health Reform Law requires a 0.25% reduction to the market basket for 2010 for discharges occurring on or after April 1, 2010. The Health Reform Law also provides for the following reductions to the market basket update for each of the following federal fiscal years: 0.25% in 2011, 0.1% in 2012 and 2013, 0.3% in 2014, 0.2% in 2015 and 2016 and 0.75% in 2017, 2018 and 2019. For federal fiscal year 2012 and each subsequent federal fiscal year, the Health Reform Law provides for the annual market basket update to be further reduced by a productivity adjustment. The amount of that reduction will be the projected, nationwide productivity gains over the preceding 10 years. To determine the projection, HHS will use the BLS10-year moving average of changes in specified economy-wide productivity (the BLS data is typically a few years old). The Health Reform Law does not contain guidelines for use by HHS in projecting the productivity figure. However, CMS estimates that the combined market basket and productivity adjustments will reduce Medicare payments under the IRF PPS by $5.7 billion from 2010 to 2019. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2014, IRFs will be required to report quality measures to HHS or will receive a two percentage point reduction to the market basket update. As of December 31, 2009, we had one rehabilitation hospital, which is operated through a joint venture, and 46 hospital rehabilitation units.
On May 7, 2004, CMS published a final rule to change the criteria for being classified as an IRF. Pursuant to that final rule, 75% of a facility’s inpatients over a given year had to have been treated for at least one of 10 specified conditions, and a subsequent regulation expanded the number of specified conditions to 13. Since then, several statutory and regulatory adjustments have been made to the rule, including adjustments to the percentage of a facility’s patients that must be treated for one of the 13 specified conditions. Currently, the compliance threshold is set by statute at 60%. Implementation of this 60% threshold has reduced our IRF admissions and can be expected to continue to restrict the treatment of patients whose medical conditions do not meet any of the 13 approved conditions. In addition, effective January 1, 2010, IRFs must meet additional coverage criteria, including patient selection and care requirements relating to pre-admission screenings, post-admission evaluations, ongoing coordination of care and involvement of rehabilitation physicians. A facility that fails to meet the 60% threshold or other criteria to be classified as an IRF will be paid under the acute care hospital inpatient or outpatient PPS, which generally provide for lower payment amounts.
Psychiatric
Inpatient hospital services furnished in psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units of general, acute care hospitals and critical access hospitals are reimbursed under a prospective payment system (“IPF PPS”), a per diem payment, with adjustments to account for certain patient and facility characteristics. IPF PPS contains an “outlier”
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policy for extraordinarily costly cases and an adjustment to a facility’s base payment if it maintains a full-service emergency department. CMS has established the IPF PPS payment rate in a manner intended to be budget neutral and has adopted a July 1 update cycle, with each twelve month period referred to as a “rate year.” The rehabilitation, psychiatric and long-term care (“RPL”) market basket update is used to update the IPF PPS. The annual RPL market basket update for rate year 2010 was 2.1%, and the annual RPL market basket update for rate year 2011 is 2.4%. However, the Health Reform Law includes a 0.25% reduction to the market basket for rate year 2010 and again in 2011. The Health Reform Law also provides for the following reductions to the market basket update for each of the following rate years: 0.1% in 2012 and 2013, 0.3% in 2014, 0.2% in 2015 and 2016 and 0.75% in 2017, 2018 and 2019. For rate year 2012 and each subsequent rate year, the Health Reform Law provides for the annual market basket update to be further reduced by a productivity adjustment. The amount of that reduction will be the projected, nationwide productivity gains over the preceding 10 years. To determine the projection, HHS will use the BLS10-year moving average of changes in specified economy-wide productivity (the BLS data is typically a few years old). The Health Reform Law does not contain guidelines for use by HHS in projecting the productivity figure. However, CMS estimates that the combined market basket and productivity adjustments will reduce Medicare payments under the IPF PPS by $4.3 billion from 2010 to 2019. As of December 31, 2009, we had five psychiatric hospitals and 32 hospital psychiatric units.
Ambulatory Surgery Centers
CMS reimburses ASCs using a predetermined fee schedule. Reimbursements for ASC overhead costs are limited to no more than the overhead costs paid to hospital outpatient departments under the Medicare hospital outpatient PPS for the same procedure. Effective January 1, 2008, ASC payment groups increased from nine clinically disparate payment groups to an extensive list of covered surgical procedures among the APCs used under the outpatient PPS for these surgical services. Because the new payment system has a significant impact on payments for certain procedures, for services previously in the nine payment groups, CMS has established a four-year transition period for implementing the required payment rates. Moreover, if CMS determines that a procedure is commonly performed in a physician’s office, the ASC reimbursement for that procedure is limited to the reimbursement allowable under the Medicare Part B Physician Fee Schedule, with limited exceptions. In addition, all surgical procedures, other than those that pose a significant safety risk or generally require an overnight stay, are payable as ASC procedures. As a result, more Medicare procedures now performed in hospitals may be moved to ASCs, reducing surgical volume in our hospitals. Also, more Medicare procedures now performed in ASCs may be moved to physicians’ offices. Commercial third-party payers may adopt similar policies. The Health Reform Law requires HHS to issue a plan by January 1, 2011 for developing a value-based purchasing program for ASCs. Such a program may further impact Medicare reimbursement of ASCs or increase our operating costs in order to satisfy the value-based standards. For federal fiscal year 2011 and each subsequent federal fiscal year, the Health Reform Law provides for the annual market basket update to be reduced by a productivity adjustment. The amount of that reduction will be the projected nationwide productivity gains over the preceding 10 years. To determine the projection, HHS will use the BLS10-year moving average of changes in specified economy-wide productivity (the BLS data is typically a few years old).
Other
Under PPS, the payment rates are adjusted for the area differences in wage levels by a factor (“wage index”) reflecting the relative wage level in the geographic area compared to the national average wage level. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2007, CMS adjusted 100% of the wage index factor for occupational mix. The redistributive impact of wage index changes, while slightly negative in the aggregate, is not anticipated to have a material financial impact for 2010. However, the Health Reform Law requires HHS to report to Congress by December 31, 2011 with recommendations on how to comprehensively reform the Medicare wage index system.
As required by the MMA, CMS is implementing contractor reform whereby CMS has competitively bid the Medicare fiscal intermediary and Medicare carrier functions to 15 Medicare Administrative Contractors (“MACs”), which are geographically assigned. CMS has awarded contracts to all 15 MAC jurisdictions; as a result of filed protests, CMS is taking corrective action regarding the contracts in several jurisdictions. While chain providers had the option of having all hospitals use one home office MAC, HCA chose to use the MACs assigned to the geographic
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areas in which our hospitals are located. The individual MAC jurisdictions are in varying phases of transition. For the transition periods and for a potentially unforeseen period thereafter, all of these changes could impact claims processing functions and the resulting cash flow; however, we are unable to predict the impact at this time.
Under the Recovery Audit Contractor (“RAC”) program, CMS contracts with RACs to conduct post-payment reviews to detect and correct improper payments in thefee-for-service Medicare program. CMS has awarded contracts to four RACs that are implementing the RAC program on a nationwide basis as required by statute.
Managed Medicare
Managed Medicare plans relate to situations where a private company contracts with CMS to provide members with Medicare Part A, Part B and Part D benefits. Managed Medicare plans can be structured as HMOs, PPOs or privatefee-for-service plans. The Medicare program allows beneficiaries to choose enrollment in certain managed Medicare plans. In 2003, MMA increased reimbursement to managed Medicare plans and expanded Medicare beneficiaries’ health care options. Since 2003, the number of beneficiaries choosing to receive their Medicare benefits through such plans has increased. However, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 imposed new restrictions and implemented focused cuts to certain managed Medicare plans. In addition, the Health Reform Law reduces, over a three year period, premium payments to managed Medicare plans such that CMS’ managed care per capita premium payments are, on average, equal to traditional Medicare. The CBO has estimated that, as a result of these changes, payments to plans will be reduced by $138 billion between 2010 and 2019, while CMS has estimated the reduction to be $145 billion. In addition, the Health Reform Law expands the RAC program to include managed Medicare plans. In light of the current economic downturn and the recently enacted legislation, managed Medicare plans may experience reduced premium payments, which may lead to decreased enrollment in such plans.
Medicaid
Medicaid programs are funded jointly by the federal government and the states and are administered by states under approved plans. Most state Medicaid program payments are made under a PPS or are based on negotiated payment levels with individual hospitals. Medicaid reimbursement is often less than a hospital’s cost of services. The Health Reform Law also requires states to expand Medicaid coverage to all individuals under age 65 with incomes up to 133% of the federal poverty level by 2014. However, the Health Reform Law also requires states to apply a “5% income disregard” to the Medicaid eligibility standard, so that Medicaid eligibility will effectively be extended to those with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level (“FPL”). In addition, effective July 1, 2011, the Health Reform Law will prohibit the use of federal funds under the Medicaid program to reimburse providers for medical assistance provided to treat HACs.
Since most states must operate with balanced budgets and since the Medicaid program is often the state’s largest program, states can be expected to adopt or consider adopting legislation designed to reduce their Medicaid expenditures. The current economic downturn has increased the budgetary pressures on most states, and these budgetary pressures have resulted and likely will continue to result in decreased spending for Medicaid programs in many states. Further, many states have also adopted, or are considering, legislation designed to reduce coverage, enroll Medicaid recipients in managed care programsand/or impose additional taxes on hospitals to help finance or expand the states’ Medicaid systems. Effective March 23, 2010, the Health Reform Law requires states to at least maintain Medicaid eligibility standards established prior to the enactment of the law for adults until January 1, 2014 and for children until October 1, 2019. However, states with budget deficits may seek exemptions from this requirement to address eligibility standards that apply to adults making more than 133% of the federal poverty level. As permitted by law, certain states in which we operate have adopted broad-based provider taxes to fund thenon-federal share of Medicaid programs.
Through DRA 2005, Congress has expanded the federal government’s involvement in fighting fraud, waste and abuse in the Medicaid program by creating the Medicaid Integrity Program. Among other things, the DRA 2005 requires CMS to employ private contractors, referred to as Medicaid Integrity Contractors (“MICs”), to perform post-payment audits of Medicaid claims and identify overpayments. MICs are assigned to five geographic regions and have commenced audits in several of the states assigned to those regions. Throughout 2010, MIC audits will
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continue to expand to other states. The Health Reform Law increases federal funding for the MIC program for federal fiscal year 2011 and later years. In addition to MICs, several other contractors, including the state Medicaid agencies, have increased their review activities. The Health Reform Law expands the RAC program’s scope to include Medicaid claims by requiring all states to enter contracts with RACs by December 31, 2010.
Managed Medicaid
Managed Medicaid programs enable states to contract with one or more entities for patient enrollment, care management and claims adjudication. The states usually do not relinquish program responsibilities for financing, eligibility criteria and core benefit plan design. We generally contract directly with one of the designated entities, usually a managed care organization. The provisions of these programs are state-specific.
Enrollment in managed Medicaid plans has increased in recent years, as state governments seek to control the cost of Medicaid programs. However, general economic conditions in the states in which we operate may require reductions in premium payments to these plans and may reduce reimbursement received from these plans.
Accountable Care Organizations and Pilot Projects
The Health Reform Law requires HHS to establish a Medicare Shared Savings Program that promotes accountability and coordination of care through the creation of Accountable Care Organizations (“ACOs”), beginning no later than January 1, 2012. The program will allow providers (including hospitals), physicians and other designated professionals and suppliers to form ACOs and voluntarily work together to invest in infrastructure and redesign delivery processes to achieve high quality and efficient delivery of services. The program is intended to produce savings as a result of improved quality and operational efficiency. ACOs that achieve quality performance standards established by HHS will be eligible to share in a portion of the amounts saved by the Medicare program. HHS has significant discretion to determine key elements of the program, including what steps providers must take to be considered an ACO, how to decide if Medicare program savings have occurred, and what portion of such savings will be paid to ACOs. In addition, HHS will determine to what degree hospitals, physicians and other eligible participants will be able to form and operate an ACO without violating certain existing laws, including the Civil Monetary Penalty Law, the Anti-kickback Statute and the Stark Law. The Health Reform Law does not authorize HHS to waive other laws that may impact the ability of hospitals and other eligible participants to participate in ACOs, such as antitrust laws.
The Health Reform Law requires HHS to establish a five-year, voluntary national bundled payment pilot program for Medicare services beginning no later than January 1, 2013. Under the program, providers would agree to receive one payment for services provided to Medicare patients for certain medical conditions or episodes of care. HHS will have the discretion to determine how the program will function. For example, HHS will determine what medical conditions will be included in the program and the amount of the payment for each condition. In addition, the Health Reform Law provides for a five-year bundled payment pilot program for Medicaid services to begin January 1, 2012. HHS will select up to eight states to participate based on the potential to lower costs under the Medicaid program while improving care. State programs may target particular categories of beneficiaries, selected diagnoses or geographic regions of the state. The selected state programs will provide one payment for both hospital and physician services provided to Medicaid patients for certain episodes of inpatient care. For both pilot programs, HHS will determine the relationship between the programs and restrictions in certain existing laws, including the Civil Monetary Penalty Law, the Anti-kickback Statute, the Stark Law and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) privacy, security and transaction standard requirements. However, the Health Reform Law does not authorize HHS to waive other laws that may impact the ability of hospitals and other eligible participants to participate in the pilot programs, such as antitrust laws.
Disproportionate Share Hospitals
In addition to making payments for services provided directly to beneficiaries, Medicare makes additional payments to hospitals that treat a disproportionately large number of low-income patients (Medicaid and Medicare patients eligible to receive Supplemental Security Income). Disproportionate share hospital (“DSH”) payments are determined annually based on certain statistical information required by HHS and are calculated as a percentage
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addition to MS-DRG payments. The primary method used by a hospital to qualify for DSH payments is a complex statutory formula that results in a DSH percentage that is applied to payments on MS-DRGs.
Under the Health Reform Law, beginning in federal fiscal year 2014, Medicare DSH payments will be reduced to 25% of the amount they otherwise would have been absent the new law. The remaining 75% of the amount that would otherwise be paid under Medicare DSH will be effectively pooled, and this pool will be reduced further each year by a formula that reflects reductions in the national level of uninsured who are under 65 years of age. Each DSH hospital will then be paid, out of the reduced DSH payment pool, an amount allocated based upon its level of uncompensated care. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the Medicare DSH reductions. The CBO estimates $22 billion in reductions to Medicare DSH payments between 2010 and 2019, while for the same time period, CMS estimates reimbursement reductions totaling $50 billion.
Hospitals that provide care to a disproportionately high number of low-income patients may receive Medicaid DSH payments. The federal government distributes federal Medicaid DSH funds to each state based on a statutory formula. The states then distribute the DSH funding among qualifying hospitals. States have broad discretion to define which hospitals qualify for Medicaid DSH payments and the amount of such payments. The Health Reform Law will reduce funding for the Medicaid DSH hospital program in federal fiscal years 2014 through 2020 by the following amounts: 2014 ($500 million); 2015 ($600 million); 2016 ($600 million); 2017 ($1.8 billion); 2018 ($5 billion); 2019 ($5.6 billion); and 2020 ($4 billion). How such cuts are allocated among the states and how the states allocate these cuts among providers, have yet to be determined.
TRICARE
TRICARE is the Department of Defense’s health care program for members of the armed forces. On May 1, 2009, the Department of Defense implemented a prospective payment system for hospital outpatient services furnished to TRICARE beneficiaries similar to that utilized for services furnished to Medicare beneficiaries. Because the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system APC rates have historically been below TRICARE rates, the adoption of this payment methodology for TRICARE beneficiaries reduces our reimbursement; however, TRICARE outpatient services do not represent a significant portion of our patient volumes.
Annual Cost Reports
All hospitals participating in the Medicare, Medicaid and TRICARE programs, whether paid on a reasonable cost basis or under a PPS, are required to meet certain financial reporting requirements. Federal and, where applicable, state regulations require the submission of annual cost reports covering the revenues, costs and expenses associated with the services provided by each hospital to Medicare beneficiaries and Medicaid recipients.
Annual cost reports required under the Medicare and Medicaid programs are subject to routine audits, which may result in adjustments to the amounts ultimately determined to be due to us under these reimbursement programs. These audits often require several years to reach the final determination of amounts due to or from us under these programs. Providers also have rights of appeal, and it is common to contest issues raised in audits of cost reports.
Managed Care and Other Discounted Plans
Most of our hospitals offer discounts from established charges to certain large group purchasers of health care services, including managed care plans and private insurance companies. Admissions reimbursed by commercial managed care and other insurers were 34%, 35% and 37% of our total admissions for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Managed care contracts are typically negotiated for terms between one and three years. While we generally received annual average yield increases of 6% to 7% from managed care payers during 2009, there can be no assurance that we will continue to receive increases in the future. It is not clear what impact, if any, the increased obligations on managed care payers and other health plans imposed by the Health Reform Law will have on our ability to negotiate reimbursement increases.
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Uninsured and Self-Pay Patients
A high percentage of our uninsured patients are initially admitted through our emergency rooms. For the year ended December 31, 2009, approximately 81% of our admissions of uninsured patients occurred through our emergency rooms. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (“EMTALA”) requires any hospital that participates in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency room for treatment and, if the individual is suffering from an emergency medical condition, to either stabilize that condition or make an appropriate transfer of the individual to a facility that can handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of an individual’s ability to pay for treatment. The Health Reform Law requires health plans to reimburse hospitals for emergency services provided to enrollees without prior authorization and without regard to whether a participating provider contract is in place. Further, the Health Reform Law contains provisions that seek to decrease the number of uninsured individuals, including requirements, which do not become effective until 2014, for individuals to obtain, and employers to provide, insurance coverage. These mandates may reduce the financial impact of screening for and stabilizing emergency medical conditions. However, many factors are unknown regarding the impact of the Health Reform Law, including how many previously uninsured individuals will obtain coverage as a result of the new law or the change, if any, in the volume of inpatient and outpatient hospital services that are sought by and provided to previously uninsured individuals. In addition, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the Health Reform Law due to the law’s complexity, lack of implementing regulations or interpretive guidance, gradual implementation and possible amendment.
We are taking proactive measures to reduce our provision for doubtful accounts by, among other things: screening all patients, including the uninsured, through our emergency screening protocol, to determine the appropriate care setting in light of their condition, while reducing the potential for bad debt and increasing up-front collections from patients subject to co-pay and deductible requirements and uninsured patients.
Competition
Generally, other hospitals in the local communities served by most of our hospitals provide services similar to those offered by our hospitals. Additionally, in recent years the number of freestanding ASCs and diagnostic centers (including facilities owned by physicians) in the geographic areas in which we operate has increased significantly. As a result, most of our hospitals operate in a highly competitive environment. In some cases, competing hospitals are more established than our hospitals. Some competing hospitals are owned by tax-supported government agencies and many others are owned bynot-for-profit entities that may be supported by endowments, charitable contributionsand/or tax revenues and are exempt from sales, property and income taxes. Such exemptions and support are not available to our hospitals. In certain localities there are large teaching hospitals that provide highly specialized facilities, equipment and services which may not be available at most of our hospitals. We are facing increasing competition from specialty hospitals, some of which are physician-owned, and both our own and unaffiliated freestanding ASCs for market share in high margin services.
Psychiatric hospitals frequently attract patients from areas outside their immediate locale and, therefore, our psychiatric hospitals compete with both local and regional hospitals, including the psychiatric units of general, acute care hospitals.
Our strategies are designed to ensure our hospitals are competitive. We believe our hospitals compete within local communities on the basis of many factors, including the quality of care, ability to attract and retain quality physicians, skilled clinical personnel and other health care professionals, location, breadth of services, technology offered and prices charged. Pursuant to the Health Reform Law, hospitals will be required to publish annually a list of their standard charges for items and services. We have increased our focus on operating outpatient services with improved accessibility and more convenient service for patients, and increased predictability and efficiency for physicians.
Two of the most significant factors to the competitive position of a hospital are the number and quality of physicians affiliated with or employed by the hospital. Although physicians may at any time terminate their relationship with a hospital we operate, our hospitals seek to retain physicians with varied specialties on the hospitals’ medical staffs and to attract other qualified physicians. We believe physicians refer patients to a hospital
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on the basis of the quality and scope of services it renders to patients and physicians, the quality of physicians on the medical staff, the location of the hospital and the quality of the hospital’s facilities, equipment and employees. Accordingly, we strive to maintain and provide quality facilities, equipment, employees and services for physicians and patients.
Another major factor in the competitive position of a hospital is our ability to negotiate service contracts with purchasers of group health care services. Managed care plans attempt to direct and control the use of hospital services and obtain discounts from hospitals’ established gross charges. In addition, employers and traditional health insurers continue to attempt to contain costs through negotiations with hospitals for managed care programs and discounts from established gross charges. Generally, hospitals compete for service contracts with group health care services purchasers on the basis of price, market reputation, geographic location, quality and range of services, quality of the medical staff and convenience. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to retain and renew our managed care contracts and enter into new managed care contracts on favorable terms. Other health care providers may impact our ability to enter into managed care contracts or negotiate increases in our reimbursement and other favorable terms and conditions. For example, some of our competitors may negotiate exclusivity provisions with managed care plans or otherwise restrict the ability of managed care companies to contract with us. The trend toward consolidation among non-government payers tends to increase their bargaining power over fee structures. In addition, as various provisions of the Health Reform Law are implemented, including the establishment of Exchanges and limitations on rescissions of coverage and pre-existing condition exclusions, non-government payers may increasingly demand reduced fees or be unwilling to negotiate reimbursement increases. The importance of obtaining contracts with managed care organizations varies from community to community, depending on the market strength of such organizations.
State certificate of need (“CON”) laws, which place limitations on a hospital’s ability to expand hospital services and facilities, make capital expenditures and otherwise make changes in operations, may also have the effect of restricting competition. We currently operate health care facilities in a number of states with CON laws. Before issuing a CON, these states consider the need for additional or expanded health care facilities or services. In those states which have no CON laws or which set relatively high levels of expenditures before they become reviewable by state authorities, competition in the form of new services, facilities and capital spending is more prevalent. See “Regulation and Other Factors” in the prospectus.
We and the health care industry as a whole face the challenge of continuing to provide quality patient care while dealing with rising costs and strong competition for patients. Changes in medical technology, existing and future legislation, regulations and interpretations and managed care contracting for provider services by private and government payers remain ongoing challenges.
Admissions, average lengths of stay and reimbursement amounts continue to be negatively affected by payer-required pre-admission authorization, utilization review and payer pressure to maximize outpatient and alternative health care delivery services for less acutely ill patients. The Health Reform Law potentially expands the use of prepayment review by Medicare contractors by eliminating statutory restrictions on their use. Increased competition, admission constraints and payer pressures are expected to continue. To meet these challenges, we intend to expand our facilities or acquire or construct new facilities where appropriate, to enhance the provision of a comprehensive array of outpatient services, offer market competitive pricing to private payer groups, upgrade facilities and equipment and offer new or expanded programs and services.
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