BEFORE YOU VOTE How to Access the Proxy Materials Proxy Materials Available to VIEW or RECEIVE: Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Proxy Statement, Form of Electronic Proxy Card, Annual Report on Form 10-K. How to View Online: Have the information that is printed in the box marked by the arrow XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX (located on the reverse) and visit: www.proxyvote.com or on a smartphone by scanning the QR code below. How to Request and Receive a PAPER or E-MAILICopy: If you want to receive a paper or e-mail copy of these documents, you must request one. There is NOIcharge for requesting a copy. Please choose one of the following methods to make your request: 1) BYIINTERNET: www.proxyvote.com 2) BYITELEPHONE: 1-877-907-7643 3) BYIEMAIL*: proxy.request@broadridge.com * If requesting materials by email please send a blank e-mail with the information that is printed in the box marked by the arrow XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX (located on the reverse) in the subject line. Requests, instructions and other inquiries sent to this e-mail address will NOT be forwarded to your investment advisor. Please make the request as instructed above on or before May 11, 2020 to facilitate timely delivery. 0 Note: French versions of documents are available at: /Documents disponibles en français au: http://www.astproxyportal.com/AST/RFP_FR. SCAN3TO HOW3TO3VOTE VIEW MATERIALS & VOTE Please Choose One of the Following Methods Vote In Person At The Virtual Meeting: If you choose to vote these securities in person at the virtual meeting, you must request a “legal proxy”. To do so, please follow the instructions at proxyvote.com or request a paper copy of the materials, which will contain the appropriate instructions. Many securityholder meetings have attendance requirements including, but not limited to, the possession of an attendance ticket issued by the entity holding the meeting. Please check the meeting materials for any special requirements for meeting attendance. Vote By Internet: To vote now by Internet, go to www.proxyvote.com. Have the information that is printed in the box marked by the arrow XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX available and follow the instructions. Vote By Mail: You can vote by mail by requesting a paper copy of the materials, which will include a voting instruction form. VOTING INSTRUCTIONS Please note that under a rule amendment adopted by the New York Stock Exchange for shareholder meetings held on or after January 1, 2010, brokers are no longer allowed to vote securities held in their clients’ accounts on uncontested elections of directors unless the client has provided voting instructions (it will continue to be the case that brokers cannot vote their clients’ securities in contested director elections). Consequently, if you want us to vote your securities on your behalf on the election of directors, you must provide voting instructions to us. Voting on matters presented at shareholder meetings, particularly the election of directors is the primary method for shareholders to influence the direction taken by a publicly-traded company. We urge you to participate in the election by returning the enclosed voting instruction form to us with instructions as to how to vote your securities in this election. If your securities are held by a broker who is a member of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the rules of the NYSE will guide the voting procedures. These rules provide that if instructions are not received from you prior to the issuance of the first vote, the proxy may be given at the discretion of your broker (on the tenth day, if the material was mailed at least 15 days prior to the meeting date or on the fifteenth day, if the proxy material was mailed 25 days or more prior to the meeting date). In order for your broker to exercise this discretionary authority, proxy material would need to have been mailed at least 15 days prior to the meeting date, and one or more of the matters before the meeting must be deemed “routine” in nature according to NYSE guidelines. If these two requirements are met and you have not communicated to us prior to the first vote being issued, we may vote your securities at our discretion on any matters deemed to be routine. We will nevertheless follow your instructions, even if our discretionary vote has already been given, provided your instructions are received prior to the meeting date. In order for your securities to be represented at the meeting on one or more matters before the meeting, it will be necessary for us to have your specific voting instructions. If your securities are held by a bank, your securities cannot be voted without your specific instructions. **If you hold your securities through a Canadian broker or bank, please be advised that you are receiving the voting instruction form and meeting materials, at the direction of the issuer. Even if you have declined to receive securityholder materials, a reporting issuer is required to deliver these materials to you. If you have advised your intermediary that you object to the disclosure of your beneficial ownership information to the reporting issuer, it is our responsibility to deliver these materials to you on behalf of the reporting issuer. These materials are being sent at no cost to you.