Commitments and Contingencies | Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies Legal matters We become involved in various legal proceedings, claims and governmental inquiries, investigations, and other disputes in the normal course of business, including matters related to contracts, commercial and trade disputes, taxes, environmental issues, activist damages, employment and workers’ compensation claims, grievances, human rights complaints, pension and benefit plans and obligations, health and safety, product safety and liability, asbestos exposure, financial reporting and disclosure obligations, corporate governance, Indigenous peoples’ claims, antitrust, governmental regulations, and other matters. Although the final outcome is subject to many variables and cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty, we regularly assess the status of the matters and establish provisions (including legal costs expected to be incurred) when we believe an adverse outcome is probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Any recovery from litigation or settlement of claims that is a gain contingency is recognized if, and when, realized or realizable. Except as described below and for claims that cannot be assessed due to their preliminary nature, we believe that the ultimate disposition of these matters outstanding or pending as of September 30, 2021, will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Asbestos-related lawsuits We are involved in a number of asbestos-related lawsuits filed primarily in U.S. state courts, including certain cases involving multiple defendants. These lawsuits principally allege direct or indirect personal injury or death resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing premises. While we dispute the plaintiffs’ allegations and intend to vigorously defend these claims, the ultimate resolution of these matters cannot be determined at this time. These lawsuits frequently involve claims for unspecified compensatory and punitive damages, and we are unable to reasonably estimate a range of possible losses. However, unfavorable rulings, judgments or settlement terms could materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements. Hearings for certain of these matters are scheduled to occur in the next 12 months. Countervailing duty and anti-dumping investigations on softwood lumber On November 25, 2016, countervailing duty and anti-dumping petitions were filed with the U.S. Department of Commerce (or, “ Commerce ”) and the U.S. International Trade Commission (or, “ ITC ”) by certain U.S. softwood lumber products producers and forest landowners, requesting that the U.S. government impose countervailing and anti-dumping duties on Canadian-origin softwood lumber products exported to the U.S. One of our subsidiaries was identified in the petitions as being a Canadian exporting producer of softwood lumber products to the U.S. and was selected as a mandatory respondent to be investigated by Commerce in both the countervailing duty and anti-dumping investigations. Countervailing Duties – On April 24, 2017, Commerce announced its preliminary determination in the countervailing investigation; as a result, from April 28, 2017 to August 25, 2017, we were required to pay cash deposits to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency (or, “ U.S. Customs ”) at a rate of 12.82% for countervailing duties on the vast majority of our U.S. imports of Canadian-produced softwood lumber. On November 2, 2017, Commerce issued its final determination in the countervailing investigation; as a result, from December 28, 2017 to November 30, 2020, we were required to pay cash deposits to U.S. Customs at a new rate of 14.70%. On November 23, 2020, Commerce issued its final determination in the first administrative review of the countervailing investigation; as a result, since December 1, 2020, we have been required to pay cash deposits to U.S. Customs at new rate of 19.10%. Commerce is expected to issue its final determination in the second administrative review of the countervailing investigation in November 2021, following which a new rate will take effect for Resolute; this new rate was estimated at 18.17% in a non-binding, preliminary determination issued on May 21, 2021, but is subject to modification in the upcoming final determination. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we made additional cash deposits of $121 million, bringing our total to $315 million. Antidumping Duties – On June 26, 2017, Commerce announced its preliminary determination in the anti-dumping investigation; as a result, from June 30, 2017 to November 7, 2017, we were required to pay cash deposits to U.S. Customs at a rate of 4.59% for anti-dumping duties on the vast majority of our U.S. imports of Canadian-produced softwood lumber. On November 2, 2017, Commerce issued its final determination in the anti-dumping investigation; as a result, from November 8, 2017 to November 29, 2020, we were required to pay cash deposits to U.S. Customs at a new rate of 3.20%. On November 23, 2020, Commerce issued its final determination in the first administrative review of the anti-dumping investigation; as a result, since November 30, 2020, we have been required to pay cash deposits to U.S. Customs at a new rate of 1.15%. Commerce is expected to issue its final determination in the second administrative review of the anti-dumping investigation in November 2021, following which a new rate will take effect for Resolute; this new rate was estimated at 12.05% in a non-binding, preliminary determination issued on May 21, 2021, but is subject to modification in the upcoming final determination. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we made additional cash deposits of $7 million, bringing our total to $56 million. Ongoing Administrative Reviews – Following Commerce’s completion of the Canadian softwood lumber investigation and first administrative review, two further administrative reviews remain pending. On March 10, 2020, Commerce published a notice initiating the second administrative review of the countervailing duty and anti-dumping orders on softwood lumber products from Canada. We were selected as a mandatory respondent for the second administrative review of the countervailing duty order and we have completed our answers to Commerce with the information requested. On March 4, 2021, Commerce published a notice initiating the third administrative review of the countervailing duty and anti-dumping orders on softwood lumber products from Canada. We were selected as a mandatory respondent for the third administrative review of the countervailing duty order and we have responded to Commerce with the information requested to date. Ongoing Appellate Reviews – On December 14, 2017 and January 4, 2018, we filed complaints supporting appellate reviews of the final results of Commerce’s countervailing and antidumping investigations on softwood lumber from Canada, respectively, before a binational panel formed pursuant to the North American Free Trade Agreement or United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, as the case may be (or, “ Panel ”). Briefing for these appeals has been completed, and the constitution of the Panel reviewing countervailing duties was announced on August 24, 2021; the hearing in this matter is scheduled to occur in March 2022. Further, on January 6, 2021 and January 19, 2021, we filed our complaints supporting appellate Panel reviews of the final results in the countervailing and antidumping first administrative reviews. Briefing for these appeals has also been completed; we are awaiting the constitution of the Panel in both instances. ITC Injury Determination – In parallel, on December 28, 2017, the ITC published its affirmative final injury determinations in the antidumping and countervailing investigations on softwood lumber from Canada. On September 4, 2019, a Panel issued an interim decision upholding the affirmative final injury determinations of the ITC in both investigations of softwood lumber products from Canada. The Panel remanded the ITC to reconsider several findings and ordered the ITC to submit its redetermination on remand within 90 days from the date of the Panel interim decision. On December 19, 2019, the ITC issued its redetermination on remand that maintained the affirmative final injury determinations, and on May 22, 2020, the Panel issued its final decision and affirmed in its entirety the ITC’s injury determination on remand. WTO Appeal – In addition, on August 24, 2020, the World Trade Organization’s (or, “ WTO ”) dispute panel issued a report (or, the “ Panel Report ”) in the case brought by the government of Canada in “United States — Countervailing Measures on Softwood Lumber from Canada” (DS533), concluding, among other things, that Commerce acted inconsistently with the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures on most of the matters. On September 28, 2020, the United States notified the WTO’s dispute settlement body of its decision to appeal the Panel Report. We are not presently able to determine the ultimate resolution of these matters, but we believe it is not probable that we will ultimately be assessed with significant duties, if any, on our U.S. imports of Canadian-produced softwood lumber products. Accordingly, no contingent loss was recorded in respect of these petitions in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, and our cash deposits are recorded in “Other assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fibrek acquisition Effective July 31, 2012, we completed the final step of the transaction pursuant to which we acquired the remaining 25.40% of the outstanding Fibrek Inc. shares, following the approval of Fibrek’s shareholders on July 23, 2012, and the issuance of a final order by the Quebec Superior Court in Canada (or, the “ Quebec Superior Court ”) approving the arrangement on July 27, 2012. Certain former shareholders of Fibrek exercised rights of dissent in respect of the transaction, asking for a judicial determination of the fair value of their claim under the Canada Business Corporations Act . On September 26, 2019, the Quebec Superior Court rendered a decision fixing the fair value of the shares of the dissenting shareholders at C$1.99 per share, or C$31 million in aggregate, plus interest and an additional indemnity, for a total then estimated at C$44 million payable in cash. We had previously accrued C$14 million for the payment of the dissenting shareholders’ claims. Following the court decision, we accrued an additional C$30 million ($23 million). Of the total amount of C$44 million, C$19 million ($14 million) was payable immediately and paid on October 2, 2019. The remaining balance of C$27 million ($21 million) as of September 30, 2021 and C$26 million ($20 million) as of December 31, 2020, which includes accrued interest, is recorded in “Accounts payable and other” as of September 30, 2021, and in “Other liabilities” as of December 31, 2020, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We are appealing the decision, therefore the payment of any additional consideration and its timing will depend on the outcome of the appeal. On November 13, 2019, a legal hypothec in the amount of C$30 million was registered on our Saint-Félicien (Quebec) immovable and movable property to secure the payment of any additional amounts following the outcome of the appeal. The hearing in this matter is expected to occur in the next 12 months. Partial wind-ups of pension plans On June 12, 2012, we filed a motion for directives with the Quebec Superior Court, the court with jurisdiction in the creditor protection proceedings under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) (or, the “ CCAA Creditor Protection Proceedings ”), seeking an order to prevent pension regulators in each of Quebec, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland and Labrador from declaring partial wind-ups of pension plans relating to employees of former operations in New Brunswick, and Newfoundland and Labrador, or a declaration that any claim for accelerated reimbursements of deficits arising from a partial wind-up is a barred claim under the CCAA Creditor Protection Proceedings. We contend, among other things, that any such declaration, if issued, would be inconsistent with the Quebec Superior Court’s sanction order confirming the CCAA debtors’ CCAA Plan of Reorganization and Compromise , as amended, and the terms of our emergence from the CCAA Creditor Protection Proceedings. A partial wind-up would likely shorten the period in which any deficit within those plans, which could reach up to C$150 million ($118 million), would have to be funded if we do not obtain the relief sought. The hearing in this matter has not yet been scheduled but could occur in the next 12 months. Environmental matters We are subject to a number of federal or national, state, provincial, and local environmental laws, regulations, and orders in various jurisdictions. We believe our operations are in material compliance with current applicable environmental laws and regulations. Environmental regulations promulgated and orders issued in the future could require substantial additional expenditures for compliance and could have a material impact on us, in particular, and the industry in general. We have environmental liabilities of $13 million and $15 million recorded as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, primarily related to environmental remediation, assessment, monitoring and management related to closed or idled sites. The amount of these liabilities represents management’s estimate of the ultimate settlement based on an assessment of relevant factors and assumptions and could be affected by changes in facts or assumptions not currently known to management for which the outcome cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. We also have asset retirement obligations of $36 million and $25 million recorded as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, primarily consisting of liabilities associated with landfills, sludge basins and the dismantling of retired assets. These liabilities are included in “Accounts payable and other” and “Other liabilities” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. |