Loan Receivables | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract] | ' |
Loan Receivables | ' |
Loan Receivables |
The Company has three portfolio segments: credit card loans, other loans and purchased credit-impaired ("PCI") student loans. |
The Company's classes of receivables within the three portfolio segments are depicted in the table below (dollars in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| March 31, | | December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2014 | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans held for sale(1) | $ | 133 | | | $ | 148 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan portfolio: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover card(2) | 50,685 | | | 52,952 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover business card | 194 | | | 198 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total credit card loans | 50,879 | | | 53,150 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personal loans | 4,310 | | | 4,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Private student loans | 4,326 | | | 3,969 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other | 158 | | | 135 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total other loans | 8,794 | | | 8,295 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Purchased credit-impaired loans(3) | 4,046 | | | 4,178 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total loan portfolio | 63,719 | | | 65,623 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total loan receivables | 63,852 | | | 65,771 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Allowance for loan losses | (1,591 | ) | | (1,648 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loan receivables | $ | 62,261 | | | $ | 64,123 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-1 | Substantially all mortgage loans held for sale are pledged as collateral against the warehouse line of credit used to fund consumer residential loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | Amounts include $19.6 billion and $20.2 billion underlying investors’ interest in trust debt at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and $9.5 billion and $10.9 billion in seller's interest at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. See Note 4: Credit Card and Student Loan Securitization Activities for further information. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Amounts include $2.2 billion of loans pledged as collateral against the notes issued from the Student Loan Corporation ("SLC") securitization trusts at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. See Note 4: Credit Card and Student Loan Securitization Activities. Of the remaining $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, that were not pledged as collateral, approximately $22 million for each period represents loans eligible for reimbursement through an indemnification claim. Discover Bank must purchase such loans from the trust before a claim may be filed. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit Quality Indicators |
The Company regularly reviews its collection experience (including delinquencies and net charge-offs) in determining its allowance for loan losses. Credit card and closed-end consumer loan receivables are placed on nonaccrual status upon receipt of notification of the bankruptcy or death of a customer or suspected fraudulent activity on an account. Upon completion of the fraud investigation, non-fraudulent credit card and closed-end consumer loan receivables may resume accruing interest. |
Information related to the delinquent and non-accruing loans in the Company’s loan portfolio, which excludes loans held for sale, is shown below by each class of loan receivables except for PCI student loans, which is shown under the heading “— Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” (dollars in millions): |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 30-89 Days | | 90 or | | Total Past | | 90 or | | Total |
Delinquent | More Days | Due | More Days | Non-accruing(1) |
| Delinquent | | Delinquent | |
| | | and | |
| | | Accruing | |
At March 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card loans: | | | | | | | | | |
Discover card(2) | $ | 432 | | | $ | 441 | | | $ | 873 | | | $ | 402 | | | $ | 162 | |
|
Discover business card | 2 | | | 1 | | | 3 | | | 2 | | | 1 | |
|
Total credit card loans | 434 | | | 442 | | | 876 | | | 404 | | | 163 | |
|
Other loans: | | | | | | | | | |
Personal loans(3) | 21 | | | 8 | | | 29 | | | 7 | | | 5 | |
|
Private student loans (excluding PCI)(4) | 51 | | | 26 | | | 77 | | | 26 | | | — | |
|
Other | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | | | — | | | 39 | |
|
Total other loans (excluding PCI) | 73 | | | 36 | | | 109 | | | 33 | | | 44 | |
|
Total loan receivables (excluding PCI) | $ | 507 | | | $ | 478 | | | $ | 985 | | | $ | 437 | | | $ | 207 | |
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At December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card loans: | | | | | | | | | |
Discover card(2) | $ | 464 | | | $ | 445 | | | $ | 909 | | | $ | 406 | | | $ | 154 | |
|
Discover business card | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | | | 2 | | | 1 | |
|
Total credit card loans | 465 | | | 447 | | | 912 | | | 408 | | | 155 | |
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Other loans: | | | | | | | | | |
Personal loans(3) | 21 | | | 8 | | | 29 | | | 8 | | | 5 | |
|
Private student loans (excluding PCI)(4) | 48 | | | 18 | | | 66 | | | 18 | | | — | |
|
Other | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | | | — | | | 40 | |
|
Total other loans (excluding PCI) | 70 | | | 28 | | | 98 | | | 26 | | | 45 | |
|
Total loan receivables (excluding PCI) | $ | 535 | | | $ | 475 | | | $ | 1,010 | | | $ | 434 | | | $ | 200 | |
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-1 | The Company estimates that the gross interest income that would have been recorded in accordance with the original terms of non-accruing credit card loans was $7 million and $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company does not separately systematically compute the amount of gross interest income that would have been recorded in accordance with the original terms of loans. This amount was estimated based on customers' quarterly average balances and rates prior to non-accrual status. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | Consumer credit card loans that are 90 or more days delinquent and accruing interest include $42 million and $41 million of loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Personal loans that are 90 or more days delinquent and accruing interest include $2 million of loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-4 | Private student loans that are 90 or more days delinquent and accruing interest include $3 million of loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Charge-offs |
The Company's net charge-offs include the principal amount of loans charged off less principal recoveries and exclude charged-off interest and fees, recoveries of interest and fees and fraud losses. Charged-off and recovered interest and fees are recorded in interest income and loan fee income, respectively, which is effectively a reclassification of the loan loss provision, while fraud losses are recorded in other expense. Credit card loan receivables are charged off at the end of the month during which an account becomes 180 days contractually past due. Personal loans and private student loans, which are closed-end consumer loan receivables are generally charged off at the end of the month during which an account becomes 120 days contractually past due. Generally, customer bankruptcies and probate accounts are charged off at the end of the month 60 days following the receipt of notification of the bankruptcy or death but not later than the 180-day or 120-day contractual time frame. |
Information related to the net charge-offs in the Company's loan portfolio, which excludes loans held for sale, is shown below by each class of loan receivables except for PCI student loans, which is shown under the heading "— Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans" (dollars in millions): | | | | | | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | |
| Net | | Net | | Net | | Net | | | | | | |
Charge-offs | Charge-off | Charge-offs | Charge-off | | | | | | |
| Rate | | Rate | | | | | | |
Credit card loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover card | $ | 293 | | | 2.32 | % | | $ | 286 | | | 2.36 | % | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Discover business card | 1 | | | 1.76 | % | | 1 | | | 2.66 | % | | | | | | |
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Total credit card loans | 294 | | | 2.32 | % | | 287 | | | 2.36 | % | | | | | | |
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Other loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personal loans | 21 | | | 2.07 | % | | 19 | | | 2.3 | % | | | | | | |
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Private student loans (excluding PCI) | 14 | | | 1.31 | % | | 7 | | | 0.82 | % | | | | | | |
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Total other loans (excluding PCI) | 35 | | | 1.67 | % | | 26 | | | 1.49 | % | | | | | | |
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Net charge-offs as a percentage of total loans (excluding PCI) | $ | 329 | | | 2.22 | % | | $ | 313 | | | 2.25 | % | | | | | | |
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Net charge-offs as a percentage of total loans (including PCI) | $ | 329 | | | 2.08 | % | | $ | 313 | | | 2.08 | % | | | | | | |
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As part of credit risk management activities, on an ongoing basis the Company reviews information related to the performance of a customer’s account with the Company as well as information from credit bureaus, such as FICO or other credit scores, relating to the customer’s broader credit performance. FICO scores are generally obtained at origination of the account and are refreshed monthly or quarterly thereafter to assist in predicting customer behavior. Historically, the Company has noted that a significant proportion of delinquent accounts have FICO scores below 660. |
The following table provides the most recent FICO scores available for the Company’s customers as a percentage of each class of loan receivables: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Credit Risk Profile | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by FICO Score | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 660 and Above | | Less than 660 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
or No Score | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
31-Mar-14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover card | 82 | % | | 18 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover business card | 92 | % | | 8 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personal loans | 97 | % | | 3 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Private student loans (excluding PCI)(1) | 95 | % | | 5 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover card | 83 | % | | 17 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discover business card | 92 | % | | 8 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personal loans | 97 | % | | 3 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Private student loans (excluding PCI)(1) | 95 | % | | 5 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-1 | PCI loans are discussed under the heading "— Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans." | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For private student loans, additional credit risk management activities include monitoring the amount of loans in forbearance. Forbearance allows borrowers experiencing temporary financial difficulties, but still willing to make payments, the ability to temporarily suspend payments. Eligible borrowers have a lifetime cap on forbearance of 12 months. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were $77 million and $110 million of private student loans, including PCI, in forbearance, respectively. In addition, at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were 1.4% and 1.9% of private student loans in forbearance as a percentage of student loans in repayment and forbearance, respectively. At March 31, 2014, the dollar amount of loans in forbearance and loans in forbearance as a percentage of private student loans in repayment and forbearance were lower when compared to December 31, 2013 due the implementation of temporary reduced payment programs, which normally consist of a reduction of the minimum payment for a period of no longer than 12 months at a time. Loans in these programs are not considered to be in forbearance. |
Allowance for Loan Losses |
The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses at an appropriate level to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company considers the collectibility of all amounts contractually due on its loan receivables, including those components representing interest and fees. Accordingly, the allowance for loan losses represents the estimated uncollectible principal, interest and fee components of loan receivables. The allowance is evaluated monthly and is maintained through an adjustment to the provision for loan losses. Charge-offs of principal amounts of loans outstanding are deducted from the allowance and subsequent recoveries of such amounts increase the allowance. Charge-offs of loan balances representing unpaid interest and fees result in a reversal of interest and fee income, respectively, which is effectively a reclassification of provision for loan losses. |
The Company bases its allowance for loan losses on several analyses that help estimate incurred losses as of the balance sheet date. While the Company’s estimation process includes historical data and analysis, there is a significant amount of judgment applied in selecting inputs and analyzing the results produced by the models to determine the allowance. The Company uses a migration analysis to estimate the likelihood that a loan will progress through the various stages of delinquency. The Company uses other analyses to estimate losses incurred on non-delinquent accounts. The considerations in these analyses include past performance, risk management techniques applied to various accounts, historical behavior of different account vintages, economic conditions, recent trends in delinquencies, bankruptcy filings, account collection management, policy changes, account seasoning, loan volume and amounts, payment rates, and forecasting uncertainties. The Company primarily estimates its allowance for loan losses on a pooled basis, which includes loans that are delinquent and/or no longer accruing interest and/or certain loans that have defaulted from a loan modification program, as discussed below under the section entitled "— Troubled Debt Restructurings." Certain other loans, including non-performing Diners Club licensee loans, are individually evaluated for impairment. |
The following tables provide changes in the Company’s allowance for loan losses (dollars in millions): |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 |
| Credit Card | | Personal Loans | | Student Loans | | Other | | Total |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,406 | | | $ | 112 | | | $ | 113 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 1,648 | |
|
Additions: | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for loan losses | 230 | | | 18 | | | 23 | | | 1 | | | 272 | |
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Deductions: | | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs | (408 | ) | | (24 | ) | | (15 | ) | | — | | | (447 | ) |
|
Recoveries | 114 | | | 3 | | | 1 | | | — | | | 118 | |
|
Net charge-offs | (294 | ) | | (21 | ) | | (14 | ) | | — | | | (329 | ) |
|
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,342 | | | $ | 109 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 1,591 | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 |
| Credit Card | | Personal Loans | | Student Loans | | Other | | Total |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,613 | | | $ | 99 | | | $ | 75 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1,788 | |
|
Additions: | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for loan losses | 127 | | | 17 | | | 15 | | | — | | | 159 | |
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Deductions: | | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs | (422 | ) | | (20 | ) | | (7 | ) | | — | | | (449 | ) |
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Recoveries | 135 | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | 136 | |
|
Net charge-offs | (287 | ) | | (19 | ) | | (7 | ) | | — | | | (313 | ) |
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Balance at end of period | $ | 1,453 | | | $ | 97 | | | $ | 83 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1,634 | |
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Net charge-offs of principal are recorded against the allowance for loan losses, as shown in the table above. Information regarding net charge-offs of interest and fee revenues on credit card and other loans is as follows (dollars in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and fees accrued subsequently charged off, net of recoveries (recorded as a reduction of interest income) | $ | 72 | | | $ | 77 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Fees accrued subsequently charged off, net of recoveries (recorded as a reduction to other income) | $ | 17 | | | $ | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following tables provide additional detail of the Company’s allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in its loan portfolio (which excludes loans held for sale) by impairment methodology (dollars in millions): |
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| Credit Card | | Personal | | Student | | Other | | Total |
Loans | Loans | Loans |
At March 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loans evaluated for impairment as: | | | | | | | | | |
Collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20 | $ | 1,164 | | | $ | 104 | | | $ | 84 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1,353 | |
|
Evaluated for impairment in accordance with | 178 | | | 5 | | | 10 | | | 17 | | | 210 | |
ASC 310-10-35(1)(2) |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality, evaluated in accordance with ASC 310-30 | — | | | — | | | 28 | | | — | | | 28 | |
|
Total allowance for loan losses | $ | 1,342 | | | $ | 109 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 1,591 | |
|
Recorded investment in loans evaluated for impairment as: | | | | | | | | | |
Collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20 | $ | 49,791 | | | $ | 4,265 | | | $ | 4,296 | | | $ | 80 | | | $ | 58,432 | |
|
Evaluated for impairment in accordance with | 1,088 | | | 45 | | | 30 | | | 78 | | | 1,241 | |
ASC 310-10-35(1)(2) |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality, evaluated in accordance with ASC 310-30 | — | | | — | | | 4,046 | | | — | | | 4,046 | |
|
Total recorded investment | $ | 50,879 | | | $ | 4,310 | | | $ | 8,372 | | | $ | 158 | | | $ | 63,719 | |
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At December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loans evaluated for impairment as: | | | | | | | | | |
Collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20 | $ | 1,218 | | | $ | 109 | | | $ | 76 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1,404 | |
|
Evaluated for impairment in accordance with | 188 | | | 3 | | | 9 | | | 16 | | | 216 | |
ASC 310-10-35(1)(2) |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality, evaluated in accordance with ASC 310-30 | — | | | — | | | 28 | | | — | | | 28 | |
|
Total allowance for loan losses | $ | 1,406 | | | $ | 112 | | | $ | 113 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 1,648 | |
|
Recorded investment in loans evaluated for impairment as: | | | | | | | | | |
Collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20 | $ | 52,027 | | | $ | 4,160 | | | $ | 3,941 | | | $ | 56 | | | $ | 60,184 | |
|
Evaluated for impairment in accordance with | 1,123 | | | 31 | | | 28 | | | 79 | | | 1,261 | |
ASC 310-10-35(1)(2) |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality, evaluated in accordance with ASC 310-30 | — | | | — | | | 4,178 | | | — | | | 4,178 | |
|
Total recorded investment | $ | 53,150 | | | $ | 4,191 | | | $ | 8,147 | | | $ | 135 | | | $ | 65,623 | |
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-1 | Loan receivables evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10-35 include credit card loans, personal loans and student loans collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-40, Receivables, which consists of modified loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings. Other loans are individually evaluated for impairment and generally do not represent troubled debt restructurings. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | The unpaid principal balance of credit card loans was $919 million and $900 million at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The unpaid principal balance of personal loans was $44 million and $31 million at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The unpaid principal balance of student loans was $28 million and $26 million at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. All loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings have a related allowance for loan losses. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Troubled Debt Restructurings |
Permanent and certain temporary modification programs for credit card loans as well as loans that defaulted or graduated from modification programs, certain grants of student loan forbearance and certain modifications to personal loans as well as those that defaulted or graduated from modification programs are considered troubled debt restructurings and are accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-40, Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors. Generally, loans included in a loan modification program are considered to be individually impaired and are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings. The Company has both internal and external loan modification programs that provide relief to credit card and personal loan borrowers who are experiencing financial hardship. The internal loan modification programs include both temporary and permanent programs. |
For credit card customers, the temporary hardship program primarily consists of a reduced minimum payment and an interest rate reduction, both lasting for a period no longer than 12 months. The permanent workout program involves changing the structure of the loan to a fixed payment loan with a maturity no longer than 60 months and reducing the interest rate on the loan. The permanent modification program does not normally provide for the forgiveness of unpaid principal, but may allow for the reversal of certain unpaid interest or fee assessments. The Company also makes loan modifications for customers who request financial assistance through external sources, such as a consumer credit counseling agency program (referred to here as external programs). These loans typically receive a reduced interest rate but continue to be subject to the original minimum payment terms and do not normally include waiver of unpaid principal, interest or fees. |
To assist student loan borrowers who are experiencing temporary financial difficulties but are willing to resume making payments, the Company may offer forbearance periods of up to 12 months over the life of the loan. The Company does not anticipate significant shortfalls in the contractual amount due for borrowers using a first forbearance period as the historical performance of these borrowers is not significantly different from the overall portfolio. However, when a delinquent borrower is granted a second forbearance period, the forbearance is considered a troubled debt restructuring. In addition, we offer temporary reduced payment programs, which normally consist of a reduction of the minimum payment for a period of no longer than 12 months at a time. Student loans included in temporary reduced payment programs are not accounted for as troubled debt restructurings as long as the term of the program does not exceed 12 months. |
For personal loan customers, the Company offers two temporary programs which normally consist of a reduction of the minimum payment for a period of no longer than 12 months with a final balloon payment required at the end of the loan term. In addition, the temporary APR reduction program also provides an interest rate reduction for up to 12 months. The permanent modification programs involve changing the terms of the loan in order to pay off the outstanding balance over the new term for a period no longer than 4 years. The total term, including both the original and renegotiated terms, generally does not exceed 9 years. The Company offers another permanent modification program which modifies the interest rate along with the term of the loan. The Company also allows loan modifications for personal loan customers who request financial assistance through external sources, similar to credit card customers discussed above. Payments are modified based on the new terms agreed upon with the credit counseling agency. Personal loans modified through temporary and permanent programs are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings. Beginning in first quarter of 2014, loan modifications through external sources are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings. |
Loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are recorded at their present value with impairment measured as the difference between the loan balance and the discounted present value of cash flows expected to be collected. Consistent with the Company’s measurement of impairment of modified loans on a pooled basis, the discount rate used for credit card loans in internal programs is the average current annual percentage rate applied to non-impaired credit card loans, which approximates what would have applied to the pool of modified loans prior to impairment. The discount rate used for credit card loans in external programs reflects a rate that is consistent with rates offered to lower risk cardmembers. For student and personal loans, the discount rate used is the average contractual rate prior to modification. |
Interest income from loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. Cash collections on these loans are allocated according to the same payment hierarchy methodology applied to loans that are not in such programs. |
Additional information about modified loans classified as troubled debt restructurings is shown below (dollars in millions): | | | | | | | | |
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| Average recorded investment in loans | | Interest income recognized during period loans were impaired(1) | | Gross interest income that would have been recorded with original terms(2) | | | | | | | | |
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card loans | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Modified credit card loans(3) | $ | 256 | | | $ | 11 | | | $ | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Internal programs | $ | 454 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 15 | | | | | | | | | |
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External programs | $ | 394 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
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Personal loans | $ | 44 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Student loans(4) | $ | 29 | | | $ | 1 | | | N/A | | | | | | | | | |
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card loans | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Modified credit card loans(3) | $ | 279 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
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Internal programs | $ | 490 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 17 | | | | | | | | | |
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External programs | $ | 507 | | | $ | 10 | | | $ | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
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Personal loans | $ | 22 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Student loans(4) | $ | 18 | | | $ | — | | | N/A | | | | | | | | | |
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-1 | The Company does not separately track interest income on loans in modification programs. Amounts shown are estimated by applying an average interest rate to the average loans in the various modification programs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | The Company does not separately track the amount of gross interest income that would have been recorded if the loans in modification programs had not been restructured and interest had instead been recorded in accordance with the original terms. Amounts shown are estimated by applying the difference between the average interest rate earned on non-impaired credit card loans and the average interest rate earned on loans in the modification programs to the average loans in the modification programs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | This balance is considered impaired, but is excluded from the internal and external program amounts reflected in this table. Represents credit card loans that were modified in troubled debt restructurings, but are no longer enrolled in troubled debt restructuring program due to noncompliance with the terms of the modification or successful completion of a program | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-4 | Student loan customers who have been granted a forbearance are not given interest rate reductions. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In order to evaluate the primary financial effects that resulted from credit card loans entering into a loan modification program during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company quantified the amount by which interest and fees were reduced during the periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company forgave approximately $10 million and $11 million, respectively, of interest and fees as a result of accounts entering into a credit card loan modification program. |
The following table provides information on loans that entered a loan modification program during the period (dollars in millions): | | | | | | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | |
| Number of Accounts | | Balances | | Number of Accounts | | Balances | | | | | | |
Accounts that entered a loan modification program during the period: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Internal programs | 12,436 | | | $ | 81 | | | 10,402 | | | $ | 66 | | | | | | | |
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External programs | 8,431 | | | $ | 44 | | | 9,531 | | | $ | 52 | | | | | | | |
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Personal loans | 712 | | | $ | 8 | | | 443 | | | $ | 6 | | | | | | | |
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Student loans | 307 | | | $ | 4 | | | 172 | | | $ | 4 | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the carrying value of loans that experienced a payment default during the period that had been modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the 15 months preceding the end of each period (dollars in millions): | | | | | | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | |
| Number of Accounts | | Aggregated Outstanding Balances Upon Default | | Number of Accounts | | Aggregated Outstanding Balances Upon Default | | | | | | |
Troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit card: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Internal programs(1)(2) | 2,331 | | | $ | 14 | | | 2,880 | | | $ | 18 | | | | | | | |
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External programs(1)(2) | 1,881 | | | $ | 8 | | | 2,251 | | | $ | 10 | | | | | | | |
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Personal loans(2) | 106 | | | $ | 1 | | | 24 | | | $ | — | | | | | | | |
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Student loans(3) | 311 | | | $ | 5 | | | 135 | | | $ | 3 | | | | | | | |
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-1 | The outstanding balance upon default is the loan balance at the end of the month prior to default. Terms revert back to the pre-modification terms for customers who default from a temporary program and charging privileges remain revoked. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | A customer defaults from a modification program after two consecutive missed payments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Student loan defaults have been defined as loans that are 60 or more days delinquent. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Of the account balances that defaulted as shown above for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, approximately 34% and 45%, respectively, of the total balances charged off at the end of the month in which they defaulted. For accounts that have defaulted from a loan modification program and have not subsequently charged off, the balances are included in the allowance for loan loss analysis discussed above under "— Allowance for Loan Losses." |
Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans |
Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration since origination for which it is probable that not all contractually required payments will be collected are considered impaired at acquisition and are reported as PCI loans. The private student loans acquired in the SLC transaction as well as the additional private student loan portfolio acquired from Citibank, comprise the Company’s only PCI loans at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Total PCI student loans had an outstanding balance of $4.4 billion and $4.6 billion, including accrued interest, and a related carrying amount of $4.0 billion and $4.2 billion as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. |
The following table provides changes in accretable yield for the acquired loans during the period (dollars in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,580 | | | $ | 2,072 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Accretion into interest income | (68 | ) | | (70 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other changes in expected cash flows | — | | | 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance at end of period | $ | 1,512 | | | $ | 2,021 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Periodically, the Company updates the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected based on management's latest expectations of future credit losses, borrower prepayments and certain other assumptions that affect cash flows. The Company recorded no provision expense during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. The allowance for PCI loan losses at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $28 million. There was no impact on accretable yield as a result of changes in cash flow assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2014. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, changes to other cash flow assumptions resulted in an increase in accretable yield related to expected life of the loans. Changes to accretable yield are recognized prospectively as an adjustment to yield over the remaining life of the pools. |
At March 31, 2014, the 30 or more days delinquency and 90 or more days delinquency rates on PCI student loans (which includes loans not yet in repayment) were 2.19% and 0.79%, respectively. At December 31, 2013, the 30 or more days delinquency and 90 or more days delinquency rates on PCI student loans (which includes loans not yet in repayment) were 2.33% and 0.80%, respectively. These rates include private student loans that are greater than 120 days delinquent that are covered by an indemnification agreement or insurance arrangements through which the Company expects to recover a substantial portion of the loan. The net charge-off rate on PCI student loans was 0.75% and 1.43% for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease in net charge-off rate on PCI student loans is primarily due to seasoning of the portfolio and introduction of the temporary interest only programs, which reduce the borrower's minimum payment for a period of no longer than 12 months at a time. |
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale |
The Company originates all of its residential real estate loans, except for home equity loans, with the intent to sell them in the secondary market. Loans held for sale consist primarily of residential first mortgage loans that are secured by residential real estate throughout the United States. Mortgage loans are funded through a warehouse line of credit and are recorded at fair value. Changes in the fair value of mortgage loans are recorded through other income prior to the sale of the loans to investors. The gain or loss on the sale of loans is recognized on the date the loans are sold and is based on the difference between the sale proceeds received and the carrying value of the loans, adjusted for the impact of the related hedges. See Note 14: Derivatives and Hedging Activities for further discussion of the mortgage loan related hedging activities. The Company sells its loans on a servicing released basis in which the Company gives up the right to service the loans. |
The following table provides a summary of the initial unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans sold during the period, by type of loan (dollars in millions): | | | | | | |
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| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | |
| Amount | | % | | Amount | | % | | | | | | |
Conforming(1) | $ | 447 | | | 89.94 | % | | $ | 665 | | | 55.51 | % | | | | | | |
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FHA(2) | 48 | | | 9.66 | | | 533 | | | 44.49 | | | | | | | |
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Jumbo(3) | 2 | | | 0.4 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | |
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Total | $ | 497 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,198 | | | 100 | % | | | | | | |
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-1 | Conforming loans are loans that conform to Government Sponsored Enterprises guidelines. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | FHA loans are loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and are typically made to borrowers with low down payments. The initial loan amount must be within certain limits. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Jumbo loans are loans with an initial amount larger than the limits set by a Government Sponsored Enterprise. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table represents the loans held for sale by type of loan (dollars in millions): | | | | | | |
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| March 31, 2014 | | December 31, 2013 | | | | | | |
| Amount | | % | | Amount | | % | | | | | | |
Conforming(1) | $ | 116 | | | 87.22 | % | | $ | 136 | | | 91.89 | % | | | | | | |
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FHA(2) | 13 | | | 9.77 | | | 11 | | | 7.43 | | | | | | | |
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Jumbo(3) | 4 | | | 3.01 | | | 1 | | | 0.68 | | | | | | | |
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Total | $ | 133 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 148 | | | 100 | % | | | | | | |
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-1 | Conforming loans are loans that conform to Government Sponsored Enterprises guidelines. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | FHA loans are loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and are typically made to borrowers with low down payments. The initial loan amount must be within certain limits. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Jumbo loans are loans with an initial loan amount larger than the limits set by a Government Sponsored Enterprise. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |