Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis Of Presentation | Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the instructions to Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Form 10-Q and Article 10, Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014, included in its 2014 Annual Report. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year. |
The interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes. Actual results could differ from these estimates and the differences may be material. |
Investments in Securities | Investments in Securities |
The Company's investment securities are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 320—Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The Company has chosen to make a fair value election pursuant to ASC 825—Financial Instruments for its securities and, therefore, our investment securities are recorded at fair market value on the consolidated balance sheets. The periodic changes in fair market value are recorded in current period earnings on the consolidated statements of operations as a component of net unrealized gain (loss) on investments. These investments generally meet the requirements to be classified as available-for-sale under ASC 320, which requires the securities to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet. Electing the fair value option permits the Company to record changes in fair value of our investments in the consolidated statements of operations, which in management’s view, more appropriately reflects the results of operations for a particular reporting period as all securities activities will be recorded in a similar manner. |
The Company records its transactions in securities on a trade date basis. We record realized gains and losses on securities transactions on an identified cost basis. |
Agency RMBS | Agency RMBS |
The Company’s investments in Agency RMBS consist of pass-through certificates backed by fixed-rate, monthly-reset adjustable-rate loans (“ARMs”) and hybrid ARMs, the principal and interest of which are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Hybrid ARMs have interest rates that have an initial fixed period (typically three, five, seven or ten years) and thereafter reset at regular intervals in a manner similar to ARMs. |
Forward Settling Transactions | Forward Settling Transactions |
The Company engages in forward settling transactions to purchase certain securities. The Company records forward settling transactions on the trade date, and maintains security positions such that sufficient liquid assets will be available to make payment on the settlement date for the securities purchased. The Agency RMBS purchased at the forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to securities for settlement in the current month. Securities purchased on a forward settling basis are carried at fair value and begin earning interest on the settlement date. Gains or losses may occur on these transactions due to changes in market conditions or the failure of counterparties to perform under the contract. Along with other forward settling transactions, the Company transacts in to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities. As with other forward settling transactions, a seller agrees to issue TBAs at a future date; however, the seller does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, the Company agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms such as issuer, interest rate and terms of underlying mortgages. The Company records TBAs on the trade date utilizing information associated with the specified terms of the transaction as opposed to the specific mortgages. TBAs are carried at fair value and begin earning interest on the settlement date. Gains or losses may occur due to the fact that the actual underlying mortgages received may be more or less favorable than those anticipated by the Company. See Note 7, Pledged Assets, for disclosure regarding the fair value of collateral pledged or received on forward settling transactions. |
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At times, the Company may enter into TBA contracts as a means of investing in and financing Agency RMBS via “dollar roll” transactions. TBA dollar roll transactions involve moving the settlement of a TBA contract out to a later date by entering into an offsetting short position (referred to as a “pair off”), net settling the paired off positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date. The Company records such pair offs on a gross basis such that there is a sale of the original TBA and a subsequent purchase of a new TBA. |
Investment Valuation | Investment Valuation |
The Company has a pricing committee responsible for establishing valuation policies and procedures, as well as reviewing and approving valuations at a monthly pricing meeting. The pricing committee is composed of individuals from the accounting team, the investment team and senior management. |
Agency RMBS, Agency Debentures and U.S. Treasuries are generally valued based on prices provided by third-party services, as derived from such services’ pricing models. Inputs to the models may include, but are not limited to, reported trades, executable bid and ask prices, broker quotations, prices or yields of securities with similar characteristics, benchmark curves or information pertaining to the issuer, as well as industry and economic events. The pricing services may also use a matrix approach, which considers information regarding securities with similar characteristics to determine the valuation for a security. |
We generally value interest rate swaps and caps using prices provided by broker quotations. Such broker quotations are based on the present value of fixed and projected floating rate cash flows over the term of the swap contract. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value using swap rates provided by electronic data services or by brokers. No credit valuation adjustments were made in determining the fair value of the Company's interest rate swaps and caps. |
Fair values of long-lived assets, including real estate, are primarily derived internally, and are based on inputs observed from sales transactions of similar assets. For real estate, fair values are also based on comparable contemporaneous sales transactions and/or discounted cash flow estimates which reflect current and projected lease profiles and available industry information about capitalization rates and expected trends in rents and occupancy. |
All valuations from third-party pricing services or broker quotes are non-binding. We review all prices during our pricing process. To date, the Company has not adjusted any of the prices received from third-party pricing services or brokers. Our pricing review includes comparisons of similar market transactions, alternative third-party pricing services and broker quotes, or comparisons to a pricing model. To ensure the proper fair value hierarchy, the Company reviews the third-party pricing services methodology periodically to understand whether observable or unobservable inputs are being used. See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for a discussion of how the Company values its assets. |
Investments in Securities | Investments in Securities |
The Company's investment securities are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 320—Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The Company has chosen to make a fair value election pursuant to ASC 825—Financial Instruments for its securities and, therefore, our investment securities are recorded at fair market value on the consolidated balance sheets. The periodic changes in fair market value are recorded in current period earnings on the consolidated statements of operations as a component of net unrealized gain (loss) on investments. These investments generally meet the requirements to be classified as available-for-sale under ASC 320, which requires the securities to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet. Electing the fair value option permits the Company to record changes in fair value of our investments in the consolidated statements of operations, which in management’s view, more appropriately reflects the results of operations for a particular reporting period as all securities activities will be recorded in a similar manner. |
The Company records its transactions in securities on a trade date basis. We record realized gains and losses on securities transactions on an identified cost basis. |
The Company accounts for its investment in FHLB stock as a cost method investment in "Other Assets". |
Agency RMBS |
The Company’s investments in Agency RMBS consist of pass-through certificates backed by fixed-rate, monthly-reset adjustable-rate loans (“ARMs”) and hybrid ARMs, the principal and interest of which are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Hybrid ARMs have interest rates that have an initial fixed period (typically three, five, seven or ten years) and thereafter reset at regular intervals in a manner similar to ARMs. |
Forward Settling Transactions |
The Company engages in forward settling transactions to purchase certain securities. The Company records forward settling transactions on the trade date, and maintains security positions such that sufficient liquid assets will be available to make payment on the settlement date for the securities purchased. The Agency RMBS purchased at the forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to securities for settlement in the current month. Securities purchased on a forward settling basis are carried at fair value and begin earning interest on the settlement date. Gains or losses may occur on these transactions due to changes in market conditions or the failure of counterparties to perform under the contract. Along with other forward settling transactions, the Company transacts in to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities. As with other forward settling transactions, a seller agrees to issue TBAs at a future date; however, the seller does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, the Company agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms such as issuer, interest rate and terms of underlying mortgages. The Company records TBAs on the trade date utilizing information associated with the specified terms of the transaction as opposed to the specific mortgages. TBAs are carried at fair value and begin earning interest on the settlement date. Gains or losses may occur due to the fact that the actual underlying mortgages received may be more or less favorable than those anticipated by the Company. See Note 7, Pledged Assets, for disclosure regarding the fair value of collateral pledged or received on forward settling transactions. |
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At times, the Company may enter into TBA contracts as a means of investing in and financing Agency RMBS via “dollar roll” transactions. TBA dollar roll transactions involve moving the settlement of a TBA contract out to a later date by entering into an offsetting short position (referred to as a “pair off”), net settling the paired off positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date. The Company records such pair offs on a gross basis such that there is a sale of the original TBA and a subsequent purchase of a new TBA. |
Investment Valuation |
The Company has a pricing committee responsible for establishing valuation policies and procedures, as well as reviewing and approving valuations at a monthly pricing meeting. The pricing committee is composed of individuals from the accounting team, the investment team and senior management. |
Agency RMBS, Agency Debentures and U.S. Treasuries are generally valued based on prices provided by third-party services, as derived from such services’ pricing models. Inputs to the models may include, but are not limited to, reported trades, executable bid and ask prices, broker quotations, prices or yields of securities with similar characteristics, benchmark curves or information pertaining to the issuer, as well as industry and economic events. The pricing services may also use a matrix approach, which considers information regarding securities with similar characteristics to determine the valuation for a security. |
We generally value interest rate swaps and caps using prices provided by broker quotations. Such broker quotations are based on the present value of fixed and projected floating rate cash flows over the term of the swap contract. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value using swap rates provided by electronic data services or by brokers. No credit valuation adjustments were made in determining the fair value of the Company's interest rate swaps and caps. |
Fair values of long-lived assets, including real estate, are primarily derived internally, and are based on inputs observed from sales transactions of similar assets. For real estate, fair values are also based on comparable contemporaneous sales transactions and/or discounted cash flow estimates which reflect current and projected lease profiles and available industry information about capitalization rates and expected trends in rents and occupancy. |
All valuations from third-party pricing services or broker quotes are non-binding. We review all prices during our pricing process. To date, the Company has not adjusted any of the prices received from third-party pricing services or brokers. Our pricing review includes comparisons of similar market transactions, alternative third-party pricing services and broker quotes, or comparisons to a pricing model. To ensure the proper fair value hierarchy, the Company reviews the third-party pricing services methodology periodically to understand whether observable or unobservable inputs are being used. See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for a discussion of how the Company values its assets. |
Interest Income | |
Repurchase Agreements and FHLB Advances | Repurchase Agreements and FHLB Advances |
Borrowings under repurchase agreements ("repo borrowings") and FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasuries (collectively, "Debt Securities") and carried at their amortized cost, which approximates their fair value due to their short-term nature (generally 30-90 days). The Company’s repurchase agreement counterparties are institutional dealers in fixed income securities and large financial institutions, and in the case of FHLB advances, the FHLB of Cincinnati. Collateral under repurchase agreements and FHLB advances are valued daily and counterparties may require additional collateral when the fair value of the collateral declines. Counterparties have the right to sell or repledge collateral pledged under repurchase agreements and the FHLB advances agreement. See Note 5, Repurchase Agreements. |
We account for our repo borrowings and FHLB advances as short-term indebtedness under ASC 470—Debt; accordingly, these short-term instruments are accounted for in our financial statements at carrying value, or historic cost. |
Interest Rate Swap And Cap Contracts | Interest Rate Swap and Cap Contracts |
We account for our interest rate swap and cap contracts transactions under ASC 815—Derivatives and Hedging. The Company uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to hedge a portion of its exposure to market risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk and extension risk. The objective of our risk management strategy is to reduce fluctuations in stockholders’ equity over a range of interest rate scenarios. In particular, we attempt to manage the risk of the cost of our variable rate liabilities increasing during a period of rising interest rates. |
During the term of an interest rate swap or cap, the Company makes or receives periodic payments and records unrealized gains or losses as a result of marking the swap or cap to their fair value. When the Company terminates a swap or cap, we record a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds from (or cost of) the closing transaction and the Company's cost basis in the contract, if any. We report the periodic payments and amortization of premiums on cap contracts under interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Swaps involve a risk that interest rates will move contrary to the Company’s expectations, thereby increasing the Company’s payment obligation. |
The Company's interest rate swap and cap contracts may be subject to a master netting arrangement ("MNA"). The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to the swap or cap limited to the fair value of collateral posted in excess of the fair value of the contract in a net liability position and the shortage of the fair value of collateral posted for the contract in a net asset position. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company did not anticipate non-performance by any counterparty. Should interest rates move unexpectedly, the Company may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the interest rate swap or cap and may realize a loss. |
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While the Company's derivative agreements generally permit for netting or setting off derivative assets and liabilities with the counterparty, the Company reports related assets and liabilities on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are reported as derivative assets at fair value and derivative instruments in a loss position are reported as derivative liabilities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. We record changes in fair value of our derivative instruments in net unrealized gain (loss) on swap and cap contracts in our consolidated statements of operations. Cash receipts and payments related to derivative instruments are classified in our consolidated statements of cash flows in accordance with U.S. GAAP in both the operating and investing activities sections in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows. See Note 4, Investments in Interest Rate Swap and Cap Contracts. |