Xinyuan Real Estate (XIN) 20-F 29 Jul 22 2021 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Document Type	20-F
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Entity Registrant Name	Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	E9
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	107,757,721
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2021
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Central Index Key	0001398453
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Amendment Flag	false
Trading Symbol	XIN
Entity File Number	001-33863
Entity Address, Address Line One	27/F, China Central Place, Tower II
Entity Address, Address Line Two	79 Jianguo Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Chaoyang District
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	Beijing 100025
Entity Address, Country	CN
Document Accounting Standard	U.S. GAAP
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depositary Shares, each representing two common shares, par value US$0.0001 per share
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Auditor Name	Union Power HK CPA Limited
Auditor Firm ID	3004
Auditor Location	Hong Kong
Business Contact [Member]
Entity Address, Address Line One	Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd
Entity Address, Address Line Two	27F, China Central Place, Tower II
Entity Address, Address Line Three	79 Jianguo Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Chaoyang District
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	Beijing 100025
Entity Address, Country	CN
Contact Personnel Name	Yu (Brian) Chen
City Area Code	86-10
Local Phone Number	8588-9255
Contact Personnel Email Address	irteam@xyre.com

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 426,399,881	$ 926,809,581
Restricted cash	246,888,754	101,038,370
Short-term investments	85,211,338	6,111,129
Accounts receivable	59,509,152	96,119,056
Other receivables	298,190,097	335,840,652
Deposits for land use rights	35,738,821	78,152,921
Other deposits and prepayments	365,505,313	323,322,007
Advances to suppliers	124,152,551	45,869,706
Real estate properties development completed and under development	2,869,622,702	3,449,829,092
Amounts due from related parties	271,567,484	233,441,459
Amounts due from employees	1,550,469	529,055
Other current assets	1,482,786	3,847,106
Total current assets	4,785,819,348	5,600,910,134
Restricted cash, non-current	46,583,120	232,134,183
Real estate properties held for lease, net	440,300,371	483,108,207
Deposits for land use rights and properties	36,074,492	35,249,604
Property and equipment, net	35,525,933	42,759,911
Long-term investments	667,227,852	874,276,856
Deferred tax assets	302,971,920	272,534,085
Amounts due from related parties	15,283,028	14,933,562
Contract assets	35,104,329	28,708,229
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,147,381	8,516,756
Other assets	78,241,516	76,192,049
TOTAL ASSETS	6,446,279,290	7,669,323,576
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and notes payable (including accounts payable and notes payable of the VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$233,398 and US$ 14,681 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively)	1,134,432,195	1,237,030,178
Short-term bank loans and other debt	99,468,777	13,624,730
Customer deposits	1,162,430,468	952,939,384
Income tax payable	249,107,386	278,096,042
Other payables and accrued liabilities (including other payables and accrued liabilities of the VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$3,580,159 and US$2,998,625 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively)	555,176,693	595,476,441
Payroll and welfare payable (including payroll and welfare payable of the VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary of US$1,322,655 and US$2,641,285 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively)	15,391,685	18,102,179
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt	1,466,820,657	1,393,587,995
Lease liability, current portion	7,619,323	6,984,003
Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests	10,273,637	8,980,497
Amounts due to related parties	77,062,355	31,511,929
Total current liabilities	4,777,783,176	4,536,333,378
Long-term bank loans	494,076,875	589,017,919
Deferred tax liabilities	343,263,457	389,966,606
Unrecognized tax benefits	130,560,908	101,198,970
Other long-term debt	275,100,201	1,013,015,628
Lease liability	1,286,250	3,159,780
Amounts due to related parties	10,979,186	10,728,133
Total liabilities	6,033,050,053	6,643,420,414
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity
Common shares, US$0.0001 par value: Authorized500,000,000 shares; shares issued and outstanding- 107,757,721 shares as of December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020: 106,932,017 shares)	16,415	16,415
Additional paid-in capital	544,386,509	552,215,071
Statutory reserves	178,497,890	177,696,037
Retained earnings/(accumulated deficits)	(387,664,005)	34,500,890
Accumulated other comprehensive income	34,923,279	17,105,124
Treasury shares	(116,061,577)	(116,061,577)
Total Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders' equity	254,098,511	665,471,960
Non-controlling interest	159,130,726	360,431,202
Total equity	413,229,237	1,025,903,162
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 6,446,279,290	$ 7,669,323,576

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts payable and notes payable	$ 1,134,432,195	$ 1,237,030,178
Other payables and accrued liabilities	555,176,693	595,476,441
Payroll and welfare payables	$ 15,391,685	$ 18,102,179
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued		106,932,017
Common stock, shares outstanding		106,932,017
Consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiary
Accounts payable and notes payable	$ 14,681	$ 233,398
Other payables and accrued liabilities	2,998,625	3,580,159
Payroll and welfare payables	$ 2,641,285	$ 1,322,655

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue:
Lease Income	$ 19,781,344	$ 34,792,485	$ 16,128,771
Total revenue	1,536,017,781	1,745,763,191	2,482,632,812
Cost of revenue:
Cost of real estate lease income	(22,438,180)	(36,122,097)	(12,757,251)
Total cost of revenue	(1,468,080,865)	(1,453,296,443)	(1,922,323,191)
Gross profit	67,936,916	292,466,748	560,309,621
Selling and distribution expenses	(90,569,390)	(66,886,148)	(86,760,620)
General and administrative expenses	(163,410,021)	(154,176,673)	(163,686,999)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		82,805,785
Impairment loss on goodwill	(4,355,469)	(6,400,262)
Impairment loss on intangible assets	(14,295,790)	0
Operating income /(loss)	(204,693,754)	147,809,450	309,862,002
Interest income	28,296,824	33,405,610	51,493,595
Interest expense	(183,398,772)	(129,487,405)	(113,775,360)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,843,306)	(8,580,510)
Gain /(loss) on short-term investments	(30,203,357)	5,052,944	1,451,200
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	(23,345,765)	17,028,301	(5,416,471)
Exchange gains/(loss)	(9,707,463)	(3,093,907)	(7,376,009)
Other income/(loss)	2,509,645	(1,296,377)	5,848,727
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(420,542,642)	67,575,310	233,507,174
Income taxes	7,280,528	(135,059,190)	(150,478,372)
Net income /(loss)	(413,262,114)	(67,483,880)	83,028,802
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(4,045,264)	(13,557,028)	(14,684,275)
Net income /(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	$ (417,307,378)	$ (81,040,908)	$ 68,344,527
Earnings per share:
Basic	$ (3.89)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.60
Diluted	$ (3.89)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.60
Shares used in computation:
Basic	107,283,420	107,558,506	113,482,239
Diluted	107,283,420	107,569,181	114,100,896
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$ 20,861,635	$ 94,386,918	$ (21,079,940)
Comprehensive income/(loss)	(392,400,479)	26,903,038	61,948,862
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	(7,088,744)	(40,671,816)	(13,649,162)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	(399,489,223)	(13,768,778)	48,299,700
Real Estate Sales [Member]
Revenue:
Revenue	1,392,240,005	1,604,891,939	2,387,031,568
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	(1,359,344,416)	(1,351,980,826)	(1,851,819,293)
Real estate management services income [Member]
Revenue:
Revenue	109,822,206	91,208,307	67,488,169
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	(73,978,205)	(55,437,978)	(40,889,231)
Other revenue [Member]
Revenue:
Revenue	14,174,226	14,870,460	11,984,304
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	$ (12,320,064)	$ (9,755,542)	$ (16,857,416)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CO_2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (413,262,114)	$ (67,483,880)	$ 83,028,802
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	18,267,515	17,503,373	17,584,443
Stock-based compensation expenses	3,413,610	4,511,190	5,621,588
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense	(81,124,977)	65,623,218	(54,775,461)
Amortization of deferred charges	3,242,398	2,828,337	7,725,283
Share of loss/(gain) of equity investees	23,345,765	(17,028,301)	5,416,471
Exchange loss	9,707,463	3,093,907	7,376,009
Changes in unrecognized tax benefit	29,025,853	10,932,057	27,665,850
Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 12)		1,843,306	8,580,510
Loss on short-term investments	30,203,357	(5,052,944)	(1,451,200)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		(82,805,785)
Proceeds from disposal of short-term investments		5,825,136	12,897,025
Purchase of trading securities	(109,303,567)		(2,955,227)
Allowance for doubtful accounts	2,781,268	6,453,654	982,936
Impairment loss on goodwill	4,355,469	6,400,262
Impairment loss on intangible assets	14,295,790	0
Impairment on interests in equity investee		1,216,730
Others	3,834,826	1,023,693	1,661,626
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	37,981,853	3,807,913	(37,591,293)
Real estate properties development completed and under development	647,900,818	440,486,384	853,522,576
Contract assets	(5,940,218)	(4,091,608)	(1,684,741)
Real estate properties held for lease	26,897,517	(2,576,802)	(151,516,852)
Advances to suppliers	(76,248,232)	1,581,351	1,455,322
Other receivables	83,761,147	(88,480,519)	(81,286,710)
Deposits for land use rights	43,725,198	(46,870,478)	3,400,084
Other deposits and prepayments	(34,882,024)	59,693,294	(23,464,588)
Other current assets	2,359,210	(2,610,160)	(606,623)
Amounts due from related parties	(33,014,545)	47,907,083	(118,854,682)
Amounts due from employees	(997,298)	1,876,639	(318,601)
Other assets	(20,542,642)	(1,779,120)	3,414,909
Accounts payable	(128,043,926)	124,021	392,316,329
Customer deposits	143,204,992	(233,463,779)	(747,887,702)
Income tax payable	(35,014,314)	(38,358,479)	89,454,632
Other payables and accrued liabilities	(51,513,133)	241,107,544	(18,090,325)
Payroll and welfare payable	(3,059,265)	(7,198,828)	(9,363,632)
Amounts due to related parties	251,053	10,728,133
Net cash provided by operating activities	135,608,847	336,766,542	272,256,758
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Disposal of properties held for lease and property and equipment	7,052,259	93,001,129	1,111,556
Purchase of property and equipment	(2,058,162)	(1,294,014)	(5,510,126)
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired (Note 9)		(938,733)	827,011
Acquisition of long-term investments	(27,768,648)	(219,220,373)	(50,546,390)
Return of capital		24,296,031	11,087,850
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,774,551)	(104,155,960)	(43,030,099)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		134,790	166,480
Repurchase of shares for Restricted Stock Unit ("RSU") plan			(2,920,216)
Purchase of treasury shares (Note 19)		(2,483,896)	(26,080,876)
Dividends to shareholders	(4,055,664)	(14,284,148)	(19,647,356)
Amounts due to related parties	44,288,546	(24,477,542)	(25,024,684)
Repayments of short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term bank loans	(790,322,990)	(819,432,106)	(388,922,839)
Proceeds from short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term bank loans	193,848,327	105,007,105	84,837,579
Repayment of long-term bank loans	(183,056,732)	(199,845,816)	(9,156,553)
Proceeds from long-term bank loans	339,581,996	433,177,672	255,750,791
Repayment of other short-term debt	(11,572,583)	(60,033,909)	(1,216,629,289)
Proceeds from other short-term debt	17,689,487	18,917,551	125,131,566
Repayment of other long-term debt	(891,457,400)	(882,010,043)	(233,164,117)
Proceeds from other long-term debt	610,114,087	1,047,849,099	1,170,084,599
Payment of financing cost	(6,947,448)	(6,361,147)	(4,304,339)
Payment of principal from finance lease	(1,916,297)	(8,476,338)	(6,135,547)
Repayment of mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests		(462,754)	(15,394,847)
Proceeds from mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests	1,070,310		1,905,049
Contributions from non-controlling interests, net	5,659,417	222,712,481	31,031,810
Net cash used in financing activities	(677,076,944)	(190,069,001)	(278,472,789)
NET (DECREASE)/INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	(564,242,648)	42,541,581	(49,246,130)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	24,132,269	114,855,646	(34,185,442)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of year	1,259,982,134	1,102,584,907	1,186,016,479
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, AT END OF YEAR	719,871,755	1,259,982,134	1,102,584,907
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON CASH FLOWS
Cash and cash equivalents	426,399,881	926,809,581	662,606,063
Restricted cash	293,471,874	333,172,553	439,978,844
Incomes taxes paid	99,120,026	100,712,739	130,853,782
Interest paid	$ 261,746,433	149,271,138	293,543,976
NON-CASH ACTIVITIES
Debt extinguishment costs included in other payables and accrued liabilities		$ 3,652,705	5,612,697
Settlement of due from related parties as a result of business combination			48,761,943
Initial recognition of leases			$ 11,278,234

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHAN

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Parent [Member]	Common Shares	Treasury Shares	Additional Paid-in Capital	Statutory Reserves [Member]	Retained Earnings / (Accumulated Deficits) [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss)	Non-controlling Interest (Note 24)	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 680,370,481	$ 16,399	$ (87,639,088)	$ 532,117,479	$ 166,495,744	$ 99,502,126	$ (30,122,179)	$ 65,274,668	$ 745,645,149
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018		119,805,636
Capital injection from non-controlling interests	8,305,257			8,305,257				24,054,448	32,359,705
Exercise of share options	166,480	$ 11		166,469					166,480
Exercise of share options, shares		108,000
Treasury share repurchases	(26,080,876)		(26,080,876)						(26,080,876)
Treasury share repurchases, shares		(11,715,338)
Shares repurchased under RSU plan	(2,920,216)			(2,920,216)					(2,920,216)
Shares repurchased under RSU plan, shares		(1,438,076)
Foreign currency translation	(20,044,827)						(20,044,827)	(1,035,113)	(21,079,940)
Stock-based compensation expenses	5,621,588			5,621,588					5,621,588
Stock-based compensation expenses, Shares		1,115,246
Net gain	68,344,527					68,344,527		14,684,275	83,028,802
Appropriation to statutory reserves					8,512,715	(8,512,715)
Dividends to shareholders	(23,460,775)					(23,460,775)			(23,460,775)
Dividends to non-controlling interests								(1,010,489)	(1,010,489)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	690,301,639	$ 16,410	(113,719,964)	543,290,577	175,008,459	135,873,163	(50,167,006)	101,650,383	791,952,022
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019		107,875,468
Capital injection from non-controlling interests	4,420,800			4,420,800				218,453,981	222,874,781
Acquisition of non-controlling interests								(317,406)	(317,406)
Exercise of share options	134,790	$ 5		134,785					134,790
Exercise of share options, shares		52,647
Treasury share repurchases	(2,483,896)		(2,341,613)	(142,283)					(2,483,896)
Treasury share repurchases, shares		(2,127,050)
Foreign currency translation	67,272,130						67,272,130	27,114,788	94,386,918
Stock-based compensation expenses	4,511,192			4,511,192					4,511,192
Stock-based compensation expenses, Shares		1,130,952
Net gain	(81,040,908)					(81,040,908)		13,557,028	(67,483,880)
Appropriation to statutory reserves					2,687,578	(2,687,578)
Dividends to shareholders	(11,123,395)					(11,123,395)			(11,123,395)
Dividends to non-controlling interests								(27,572)	(27,572)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	665,471,960	$ 16,415	(116,061,577)	552,215,071	177,696,037	34,500,890	17,105,124	360,431,202	1,025,903,162
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2020		106,932,017
Adjustment to opening balance of equity	(6,520,392)					(6,520,392)			(6,520,392)
Capital injection from non-controlling interests	(11,242,172)			(11,242,172)				16,901,589	5,659,417
Acquisition of non-controlling interests								(225,290,809)	$ (225,290,809)
Treasury share repurchases, shares									0
Foreign currency translation	17,818,155						17,818,155	3,043,480	$ 20,861,635
Stock-based compensation expenses	3,413,610			3,413,610					3,413,610
Stock-based compensation expenses, Shares		825,704
Net gain	(417,307,378)					(417,307,378)		4,045,264	(413,262,114)
Appropriation to statutory reserves					801,853	(801,853)
Dividends to shareholders	(4,055,664)					(4,055,664)			(4,055,664)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 254,098,511	$ 16,415	$ (116,061,577)	$ 544,386,509	$ 178,497,890	$ (387,664,005)	$ 34,923,279	$ 159,130,726	$ 413,229,237
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021		107,757,721

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CH_2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2021
Henan Yanchuang Management and Consulting Co., Ltd | Kaisa Group [Member]
Equity Method Investees, Ownership	49%

Background information of busin

Background information of business and organization	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Background information of business and organization
Background information of business and organization	1. Background information of business and organization Organization and Description of Business Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) are principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In 2012, the Group expanded its business into the U.S. residential real estate market. As of December 31, 2021, principal subsidiaries of the Company and its consolidated variable interest entities included the following entities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities Subsidiary companies: Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd. Cayman Islands October 6, 2011 US$ 500,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Ltd. Hong Kong October 26, 2011 HK$ 3,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Development Group International Inc. United States November 10, 2011 US$ — 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. Cayman Islands January 27, 2006 US$ 50,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Development Management East, LLC United States August 28, 2012 US$ 1,000 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN NY Holding, LLC United States August 29, 2012 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 421 Kent Development, LLC United States August 29, 2012 US$ 1,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd. Hong Kong June 21, 2013 HK$ 3,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd Malaysia April 16, 2007 MYR 33,577,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd Malaysia July 9, 2014 MYR 33,217,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC December 2, 2013 US$ 60,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. ("Xinyuan China") ​ PRC April 10, 2006 ​ US$ ​ 307,000,000 ​ 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Xinyuan") ​ PRC May 19, 1997 ​ RMB ​ 200,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC February 9, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC June 2, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 300,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd. ​ Cayman Islands December 13, 2018 ​ HKD ​ 50,000 ​ 52.86 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Property Management Service (BVI) Ltd ​ British Virgin Islands January 2, 2019 ​ USD ​ — ​ 52.86 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Property Management Service (HK) Limited ​ HK January 8, 2019 ​ HKD ​ 1 ​ 52.86 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Science and Technology Service Group Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 28, 1998 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 52.86 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. ​ PRC February 17, 2004 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 100 % Landscaping engineering and management ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 29, 2011 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. ​ PRC November 24, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 200,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 7, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 31, 2008 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co., Ltd. PRC June 12, 2007 RMB 220,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC November 9, 2009 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC November 15, 2009 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinyuan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Wanzhong") PRC March 4, 2008 RMB 900,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. PRC January 16, 2009 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Management consulting service ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd. PRC March 8, 2012 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co., Ltd. PRC August 10, 2012 RMB 2,000,000 100 % Leasing management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Wanzhuo”) (Note 18(a)) PRC September 20, 2012 RMB 200,000,000 20 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC March 28, 2005 RMB 150,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 25, 2013 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC December 4, 2013 RMB 300,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd. PRC January 10, 2014 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC February 21, 2014 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC September 17, 2014 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xi'an Yinghuai Square Commerce Management Co., Ltd. PRC November 25, 2014 RMB 3,000,000 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subsidiary companies: Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC April 3, 2014 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 16, 2014 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Yinghuai Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. PRC January 5, 2015 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd. PRC May 5, 2015 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Yinghuai Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. PRC March 23, 2015 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 27, 2015 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center. (Limited partnership) PRC July 28, 2015 RMB 10,640,000 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC November 19, 2011 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. PRC June 22, 1998 RMB 22,500,000 65.98 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 421 Kent Holding Co, Ltd. United States May 2, 2014 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hudson 888 Owner LLC United States October 22, 2015 US$ 1,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Manhattan Holding LLC United States December 9, 2015 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hudson 888 Holding LLC United States December 9, 2015 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. PRC January 20, 2016 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Investment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities Subsidiary companies: Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 14, 2015 RMB 40,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC October 14, 2013 RMB 20,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 13, 2016 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hunan Erli Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 4, 2008 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Queens Holding LLC United States July 6, 2016 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Queens Theatre Holdco LLC United States July 6, 2016 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Queens Theatre Owner LLC United States July 6, 2016 US$ 1,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinnan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 21, 2016 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyan Investment Management Co., Limited. PRC April 8, 2016 RMB 100,000,000 90 % Investment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hunan Xintian Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC September 28, 2009 RMB 20,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Hangmei Technology Development Co., Ltd. PRC November 25, 2014 RMB 50,000,000 51 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Hangmei Zhengxing Technology Co., Ltd. (1) PRC March 28, 2016 RMB 50,000,000 30 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xi’an Dingrun Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC June 1, 2011 RMB 20,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Kangshengboda Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 29, 2016 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinjiang Xinyuan Renju Equity Investment., Ltd. PRC February 24, 2017 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhuhai Prince Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC September 13, 1990 RMB 307,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Renxin”) PRC July 11, 2008 RMB 200,000,000 51 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xinchuang Technology”) PRC May 2, 2017 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hangzhou Huiyuan Investment Management Partnership Enterprise. (Limited partnership) PRC May 23, 2017 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangdong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC October 18, 2017 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. (“Taicang Pengchi”) (Note 18(a)) PRC June 16, 2017 RMB 200,000,000 17 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Khorgos XinYan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. PRC December 4, 2017 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC May 25, 2018 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities Subsidiary companies: Suzhou Yuxi Real Estate Co., Limited. PRC March 5, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 20 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinchuang Sailing (Dalian) Healthy Technology Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. PRC June 5, 2018 RMB 600,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Xinyi Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC June 26, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jiangxi Xinkai Renju Management Consulting Service., Ltd. PRC August 28, 2018 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinyuan Huicheng Technology Development Co., Ltd. PRC January 26, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Technical services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. (“Suzhou Yefang”) (Note 18(b)) PRC April 14, 2017 RMB 100,000,000 20 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chengdu Xinyuan Renju Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. (“Chengdu Renju”) PRC October 26, 2017 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chengdu Guohongteng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 16, 2010 RMB 1,673,179,200 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qingdao Keda Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Qingdao Keda”) PRC September 20, 2010 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Wuhan Yinghexin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Wuhan Yinghexin”) PRC January 15, 2014 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Property Management Co., Ltd. PRC December 1, 2016 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subsidiary companies: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Wuhu Xinyansuifeng NO.1 Investment Center (Limited partnership) PRC November 22, 2017 RMB 1,501,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhuhai Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC December 31, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Renju Building Material Co., Ltd. ​ PRC January 2, 2019 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 100 % Sales of construction material ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Xinyi Yaju Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC January 16, 2019 ​ RMB ​ 100,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangdong Xinchuang Kechuang Zhigu Development Co., Ltd. ​ PRC February 27,2019 ​ RMB ​ 100,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jiangxi Xinyuan Heju Enterprise Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd. ​ PRC April 2,2019 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing I-Journey Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.(“I-Journey”) ​ PRC October 20,2015 ​ RMB ​ 40,000,000 ​ 93 % Development and sales of robots ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruizhuo Xichuang Technology Development Co., Ltd.(“Xichuang”) ​ PRC July 16,2015 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 93 % Real estate brokerage ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruizhuo Xitou Development Co., Ltd. (“ Xitou”) ​ PRC July 16,2015 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 85 % Internet platform for real estate property financing ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Future Xinzhihui Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (“ Xinzhihui”) ​ PRC December 16,2016 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 90.67 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Future Xinhujin Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (“Xinhujin”) ​ PRC December 30,2016 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 89.5 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Future Xinruifeng Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (“Xinruifeng”) ​ PRC February 23,2017 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 77.5 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Ruihao Rongtong”) ​ PRC June 15, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 250,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xintuo Real Estate Co. Ltd. ​ PRC December 8,2020 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ PRC January 8,2020 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 80 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinying Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC May 19,2020 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinyuan Xinsheng Business Management Co. Ltd. ​ PRC November 2,2020 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Xinsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 16,2020 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 100 % Leasing management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guoxin Chuangxiang (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership) ​ PRC January 2,2020 ​ RMB ​ 15,000,000 ​ 95.22 % Management consulting service ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guoxin Chuangzhi (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership) ​ PRC June 23,2020 ​ RMB ​ 135,000,000 ​ 94.41 % Management consulting service ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chongqing Heavy Duty Vehicle Group Hong Property LLC Wulong Branch ​ PRC September 26, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Rongyao Catering Service Co., Ltd. ​ PRC September 23, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 51 % Catering services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinzhixiang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. ​ PRC May 20, 2020 ​ RMB ​ 5,000,000 ​ 100 % Electronic commerce ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Branch of Xinyuan Technology Service Group Co., Ltd. ​ PRC March 4, 2016 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd.. Xincai Branch ​ PRC November 19, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Shengxin Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. ​ PRC November 10, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 51 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd.. Runan Branch ​ PRC March 18, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Branch of Xinyuan Technology Service Group Co., Ltd. ​ PRC August 3, 2018 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangzhou Yuesheng Commercial Service Co., Ltd.. Zhengzhou Branch ​ PRC March 30, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Kai Dao real Estate Brokerage Co., Ltd. ​ PRC September 30, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shanghai Xinqiao Trading Co., Ltd. ​ PRC March 17, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hainan Xinyuan Heju Enterprise Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd. ​ PRC September 27, 2020 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Xinyuan Commercial Management Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 4, 2015 ​ RMB ​ 3,000,000 ​ 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangzhou Xinyuan Commercial Management Co., Ltd. ​ PRC March 30, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Hongsheng Commercial Management Co., Ltd. ​ PRC May 6, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ VIE: Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center (Limited partnership)) and its subsidiary (“Yuzhouyun”) (Note 2(a)) PRC March 2, 2018 RMB 18,388,300 51 % Technical services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruizhuo Xihui Technology Development Centre Co., Ltd (Note 2(a)) PRC January 22,2017 RMB 10,000,000 1 % Technical services (1) Controlled by Zhengzhou Hangmei Technology Development Co., Ltd. which is a 51% owned subsidiary of the Group. COVID-19 Beginning in December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, or COVID-19, resulted in prolonged mandatory quarantines, lockdown, closures of businesses and facilities and travel restrictions imposed by the Chinese government and many other countries around the world. Although the Chinese economy has been recovering steadily from the impact of COVID-19 since the second half of 2020, any recurrence of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, such as the recurrence of COVID-19 toward the end of 2020, or continuance of the outbreak in other parts of the world could adversely impact our company’s business operations or the business operations of our company’s customers and partners thus in turn having an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Failure to contain the further spread of COVID-19 will prolong and exacerbate the general economic downturn. Our business operations could be disrupted if any of its employees is suspected of having these or any other epidemic disease, since it could require its employees to be quarantined and/or its offices to be closed for disinfection or other remedial measures. There remains substantial uncertainties about the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic, including, but not limited to, with respect to the logistics of distribution and the efficacy of any vaccine program or with respect to new strains or variants of the virus, which may have potential continuing impacts on subsequent periods if the pandemic and the resulting disruption were to extend over a prolonged period.

Summary of significant accounti

Summary of significant accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of significant accounting policies
Summary of significant accounting policies	2. Summary of significant accounting policies (a) The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, VIEs, and the subsidiaries of VIEs. All inter-company transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and cease to be consolidated from the date on which control is transferred out of the Group. Where there is a loss of control of a subsidiary, the consolidated financial statements include the results for the part of the reporting year during which the Group has control. Ruihao Rongtong Ruihao Rongtong, with registered capital of US$37.6 million (RMB250.0 million), was invested in by the Company on May 6, 2015, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Beijing. On March 1, 2016, June 28, 2016 and September 18, 2016, an unrelated trustee company, Ping An trust Co., Ltd. (“Ping An trust”) purchased 20%, 5% and 10% of the Company’s equity interest in Ruihao Rongtong, respectively, and loaned US$124.3 million (RMB862.5 million) in aggregate to the Group. On February 28, 2017, the Company repurchased the 35% equity interest of Ruihao Rongtong from Ping An trust. On May 23, 2017, Ping An trust subsequently repurchased back 35% of the Company’s equity interest in Ruihao Rongtong, and loaned US$246.8 million (RMB1.61 billion) in aggregate to the Group. As of December 31, 2018, Ruihao Rongtong had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 35% of non-controlling equity interest of Ruihao Rongtong was to be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary date, or the date the Company elected to repurchase the 35% equity interest of Ruihao Rongtong. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”). On June 21, 2019, the Company repurchased the 35% equity interest of Ruihao Rongtao from Ping An trust and Ruihao Rongtong ceased to be variable interest entity(“VIE”). In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), Before June 21 2019, Ruihao Rongtong was a variable interest entity as it was not established with sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company is considered as the primary beneficiary of Ruihao Rongtong, as it has the power to direct the activities of Ruihao Rongtong that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Ruihao Rongtong through its voting interest underlying its 65% equity interest in accordance with PRC Law and the articles of association of Ruihao Rongtong. Based on the above, Ruihao Rongtong was consolidated by the Company. Yuzhouyun On March 2, 2018, the Group signed a partnership agreement with certain senior management members to form Yuzhouyun. According to the partnership agreement, the design and purpose of Yuzhouyun’s activities are to provide technical services to the Group. The Group acts as a limited partner and the senior management members are general partners. Substantially all significant activities require the approval from the senior management members. The Group and senior management members agreed to share profits at the proportion of 51% and 49%, respectively. The Group, as the limited partner, is the only party with the equity at risk to absorb losses of Yuzhouyun. Yuzhouyun’s principal activities are also to provide technical service to the Group, which indicates that Yuzhouyun’s activities are conducted on behalf of the Group. Therefore, under ASC 810, Yuzhouyun is a variable interest entity. In addition, as the senior management members are the Group’s employees, which represent a principal-agency relationship, therefore, the Group is concluded to be “most closely associated” with Yuzhouyun. Based on the above, the Group is the primary beneficiary because it has the power to direct the activities of Yuzhouyun that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Yuzhouyun. The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of Yuzhouyun are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current assets 768,166 ​ 346,637 Non-current assets 2,771,533 ​ 3,177,609 Total assets 3,539,699 ​ 3,524,246 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities 4,801,975 ​ 14,499,043 Non-current liabilities 14,099,833 ​ 13,645,560 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities 18,901,808 ​ 28,144,603 ​ The financial performance and cash flows of Yuzhouyun are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Revenue 3,525,255 ​ 1,703,972 Cost of revenue (2,529,935) ​ (3,755,276) Net loss (6,935,441) ​ (8,794,606) Net cash used in operating activities (12,982,505) ​ (13,884,957) Net cash used in investing activities (13,837) ​ (14,799) Net cash provided by financing activities 12,256,166 ​ 13,108,128 ​ As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the current liabilities of Yuzhouyun included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group amounting to US$1,928,834 and US$10,473,436, which were eliminated upon consolidation by the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the revenue of Yuzhouyun included amounts that come from the Group amounting to US$3,287,093 and US$779,795, which were eliminated upon consolidation by the Company. Yuzhouyun contributed US$238,162 and US$924,177 of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Ruizhuo Xihui In 2020, Ruizhuo Xichuang, a subsidiary of the Group, together with Ruizhuo Xihui and its registered shareholders, entered a new set of Contractual Arrangements, including the powers of attorney, the exclusive business cooperation agreement, the exclusive share purchase agreement, the equity pledge agreement, the confirmations from such Registered Shareholders and the spouse undertakings (collectively known as the “Ruizhuo Xihui VIE Agreements”). The terms of the Ruizhuo Xihui VIE Agreements indicate that the Group is the only party at risk to absorb losses of Ruizhuo Xihui. Ruizhuo Xihui’s principal activities are also to provide technical service to the Group, which indicates that Ruizhuo Xihui’s activities are conducted on behalf of the Group. In accordance with ASC 810, Ruizhuo Xihui is a variable interest entity. Based on the above, the Group is the primary beneficiary because it has the power to direct the activities of Ruizhuo Xihui that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Ruizhuo Xihui. ​ The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of Ruizhuo Xihui are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Current assets 3,167,587 ​ 2,748,904 Non-current assets — ​ — Total assets 3,167,587 ​ 2,748,904 ​ ​ — ​ — Current liabilities 3,572,451 ​ 2,791,771 Non-current liabilities — ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities 3,572,451 ​ 2,791,771 ​ The financial performance and cash flows of Ruizhuo Xihui are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Revenue 81,984 ​ 451,176 Cost of revenue — ​ (26,605) Net (loss)/income (382,874) ​ 367,929 Net cash provided by operating activities 36,807 ​ 39,366 Net cash used in investing activities — ​ — Net cash used in financing activities — ​ — ​ As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the current liabilities of Ruizhuo Xihui included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group amounting to US$1,928,834 and US$nil, respectively, the current assets of Ruizhuo Xihui included amounts due from subsidiaries of the Group of US$3,039,549 and US$2,692,162 which were eliminated upon consolidation by the Company. Ruizhuo Xihui contributed US$81,984 and US$451,176 of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (b) Going concern As of December 31, 2021, the Group’s short-term bank loans and other debt, and current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt amounted to US$1,566.3 million while its cash and cash equivalents amounted to US$426 million. As stipulated in the announcement dated July 19, 2022, the Company has not made payments in full for its senior notes of RMB545.5 million (“defaulted senior notes”) issued on July 3 and August 6, 2020 with a maturity date on June 29, 2022. The Company has litigations in the PRC and the contingent compensation is subject to the court verdict with estimated amount of US$37.4 million. The Company anticipates that the market conditions in the real estate sector remain under pressure in 2022, and therefore, in the absence of a sharp recovery in the market and the availability of various financing options, the Company remains cautious about its liquidity in the near term. The above events or conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which cast substantial doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. In view of such circumstances, the Directors consider that the Group has taken various measures and will have adequate funds available to enable it to operate as a going concern, taking into account the past operating performance of the Group and the following: (a) The Group has been in negotiation with the sole noteholder of the defaulted senior notes, who is a third party, to waive the default and extend the repayment for at least one year. The directors are of a view that the negotiation with the noteholder will be settled in the short term. (b) The Group continues to implement measures to accelerate the pre-sales and sales of its properties under development and completed properties, and to speed up the collection of outstanding sales proceeds. (c) Up to the date of approval of the consolidated financial statements, the Group successfully consummated an exchange offer and consent solicitation with respect to senior notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$207.7 million, which has effectively extended the maturity date to no earlier than July 2023 and waived any potential defaults, improving the liquidity of the Group. (d) Up to the date of approval of the consolidated financial statements, the Group successfully extended the maturity date of long-term loans of the aggregate principal amount of US$68.5 million to no earlier than July 2023, alleviating the pressure on liquidity within a reasonable timeframe. (e) The Group is actively negotiating with several existing financial institutions on the renewal of certain borrowings. Subsequent to December 31, 2021, the Group has also been negotiating with various banks and financial institutions to secure new sources of financing and renew of certain borrowings which amounted to US$179.9 million. (f) The Group is actively negotiating with several banks and financial institutions on the extension for repayments of certain borrowings. The Group may be able to extend the payment schedule for certain bank loans and other debts. Nevertheless, the confirmation of such extension is subject to the final approval from the banks and financial institutions. (g) The Group continues to monitor capital expenditure to balance and relieve cash resource to support operations. (h) The Group continues to take action to tighten cost controls over various operating expenses. The directors of the Company also note the following considerations, relevant to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern: - At December 31, 2021, total cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$426 million were held by the Group. - At December 31, 2021, the Group had available undrawn debt facilities of approximately US$6,003.0 million relating to remaining bank and other borrowings. The maturities of these facilities range from January 2022 to July 2025. In the event forecast cash flow is not achieved or the renewal of borrowings and public senior notes do not undergo as planned, the directors of the Company have also evaluated other plans that could be undertaken to improve their liquidity position as follow: 1) The Group could adjust their original sale plan for some residential properties and commercial buildings to an earlier stage (i.e. second half year of 2022) in order to generate additional funds not less than approximately RMB3,600 million; 2) The Group could consider selling partial equity interest of Group’s subsidiaries which have urban renewal development projects in the tier I and tier II cities after the second half of 2022. Notwithstanding the above, uncertainty exists as to whether the renewal of borrowings and public senior notes can be renewed and as to all other alternative operating and financing plans as the Group is still negotiating with its external financiers on the financing to the Group and the sales of properties depend on market conditions. Should the Group be unable to operate as a going concern, adjustments would have to be made to reduce the carrying values of the Group’s assets to their recoverable amounts, to provide for financial liabilities which might arise, and to reclassify non-current assets and non-current liabilities as current assets and current liabilities respectively, if applicable. The effects of these adjustments have not been reflected in the consolidated financial statements. (c) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment and finance lease, allowance for estimating the allowance for credit losses associated with accounts receivables, other receivables, contract assets, short-term investments and advances to suppliers, fair values of the purchase price allocation with respect to business combinations, progress towards the completion of the performance obligation, accounting for the share-based compensation, accounting for deferred income taxes, impairment of goodwill, impairment of real estate properties under development, real estate properties held for lease and long-term investments, provision necessary for contingent liabilities and estimating the incremental borrowing rate for operating lease liabilities. Management analyzed the forecasted cash flows for the twelve months from July 29, 2022, which indicates that the Group will have sufficient liquidity from cash flows generated by operations and existing credit facilities and therefore, there will be sufficient financial resources to settle borrowings and payables that will be due through end of July 29, 2023. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates. (d) Fair value of financial instruments Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related parties, other receivables, long-term investments, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank borrowings, long-term borrowings and due to related parties. The carrying amounts of the aforementioned financial instruments, except for short-term investments for which the measurement alternative was elected, long term investments and long term borrowings, approximate their fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments. The carrying amounts of the long-term borrowings approximate their fair values because the stated interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable credit risk and maturities. Long-term investments have no quoted market prices and it is not practicable to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive costs. The Group reviews the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may no longer be recoverable. For long-term investments other than those accounted for under the equity method or those that result in consolidation of the investee, the Company measures equity investments at fair value and recognizes any changes in fair value in net income. However, for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the existing practical expedient in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), to estimate fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) of the investment, the Company chose to measure those investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date, the Company is required to make a qualitative assessment as to whether equity investments without a readily determinable fair value for which the measurement alternative is elected is impaired. In the event that a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value, the carrying value is written down to its fair value. A variety of factors are considered when determining if a decline in fair value is below carrying value, including, among others, the financial condition and prospects of the investee. Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets Level 2-Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place Level 3-Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity ASC 820 describes three main approaches for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset. In accordance with ASC 820, investment in marketable equity securities and investment in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) are classified as Level 1 as the Company measures the fair value using quoted trading prices that are published on a regular basis, and investment in equity securities in unlisted companies is categorized as Level 3 measured at fair value using alternative method, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price in orderly transactions. (e) Foreign currency translation The Group’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company is U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of PRC. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia is Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), the currency of Malaysia. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries other than those in PRC and Malaysia is U.S. dollars. Transactions by the Company’s subsidiaries in PRC which are denominated in currencies other than RMB are remeasured into RMB at the exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than RMB are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as exchange gains (losses). The consolidated financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters (“ASC 830”). PRC subsidiaries’ financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation. (f) Cash and cash equivalents The Group considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Group maintains bank accounts mainly in PRC, Hong Kong and United States. The vast majority of PRC bank balances are denominated in RMB. Hong Kong and United States bank balances are denominated in U.S. dollars. Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained with various state-owned and private banks within PRC, Hong Kong and United States. Total cash in banks (excluding restricted cash) at December 31, 2021 amounted to US$426,399,881 (December 31, 2020 US$926,809,581), of which the vast majority of deposits are not covered by insurance. (g) Restricted cash The Group is required to maintain certain deposits with banks that provide mortgage loans to the Group’s customers in order to purchase residential units from the Group. These balances are subject to withdrawal restrictions and totaled US$26,370,690 as of December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020: US$19,892,994). As of December 31, 2021, the Group held US$220,596,486 (December 31, 2020: US$83,613,204) in its restricted cash accounts, representing funds received from sales proceeds that are subject to withdrawal restrictions. The Group is also required to maintain certain deposits with banks and financial institutions that provide loans to the Group. As of December 31, 2021, the Group also held US$4,626,943 in its restricted cash accounts (December 31, 2020: US$nil) as security for its short-term loans (Note 10). As of December 31, 2021, the Group held US$41,877,755 (December 31, 2020: US$229,666,355) in its bank accounts with withdrawal restriction for its long-term loans (Note 11). (h) Real estate properties development completed and under development Real estate properties completed and under development consist of residential unit sites and commercial offices. The Group leases the land for the residential unit sites under land use right leases with various terms from PRC government. Real estate properties development completed and under development are stated at the lower of carrying amounts or fair value less selling costs. Expenditures for land development, including cost of land use rights, deed tax, pre-development costs and engineering costs, are capitalized and allocated to development projects by the specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales value of units to the estimated total sales value times the total project costs. Costs of amenities transferred to buyers are allocated as common costs of the project that are allocated to specific units as a component of total construction costs. For amenities retained by the Group, costs in excess of the related fair value of the amenities are also treated as common costs. Results of operations of amenities retained by the Group are included in the current operating results. In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”), real estate property development completed and under development are subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. When the profitability of a current project deteriorates due to a slowdown in the sales pace, reduction of pricing or some other factor, this indicates that there may be a possible future loss on delivery and possible impairment in the recoverability of the assets. Accordingly, the assets of such project are subsequently reviewed for future losses and impairment by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for the project to the carrying value of such project. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying value, such deficit will be charged as a future loss and the asset will then be written down to its estimated fair value. The Group determines estimated fair value primarily by discounting the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset. In estimating the cash flows for a project, the Group uses various factors including (a) the expected pace at which the planned number of units will be sold, based on competitive market conditions, historical trends in sales pace and actual average selling prices of similar product offerings and any other long or short-term economic conditions which may impact the market in which the project is located; (b) the estimated net sales prices expected to be attained based on the current market conditions and historical price trends, as well as any estimated increases in future sales prices based upon the projected rate of unit sales, the estimated time gap between presale and expected delivery, the impact of government policies, the local and regional competitive environment, and certain external factors such as the opening of a subway line, school or factory; and (c) the expected costs to be incurred in the future by the Group, including, but not limited to, construction cost, construction overhead, sales and marketing, sales taxes and interest costs. The Group’s determination of fair value requires discounting the estimated cash flows at a rate commensurate with the inherent risk associated with the assets and related estimated cash flows. The discount rate used in determining each project’s fair value depends on the stage of development, location and other specific factors that increase or decrease the risk associated with the estimated cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Group recognized impairment loss of US$1,347,050 for real estate properties completed and under development (2019: Nil, 2020: US$9,641,537). (i) Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Group also elected to exclude sales taxes and other similar taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. Therefore, revenues are recognized net of business tax and value added taxes (“VAT”). Real estate sales Revenues arising from real estate sales are recognized when or as the control of the asset is transferred to the customer. Depending on the terms of the contract and the laws that apply to the contract, control of the asset may transfer over time or at a point in time. For real estate sales contracts for which the Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, revenue is recognized over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Otherwise, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains the physical possession, the legal title, or the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the assets and the Group has a present right to a payment and the collection of the consideration is probable. The progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation is measured based on the Group's efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of the performance obligation, by reference to the contract costs incurred up to the end of reporting period as a percentage of total estimated costs for each contract. Generally, the Group receives short-term advances from its customers for real estate sales. Using the practical expedient, the Group does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. The Group also receives long-term advances from customers for real estate sales. The transaction price for such contracts is adjusted for the effects of a financing component, if long-term advances from customers are assessed as significant at the individual contract level. Real estate management services income Real estate management services income is recognized in the accounting period in which the services are rendered. The Group bills a fixed amount periodically for services provided and recognizes as revenue the amount to which the Group has a right to invoice that corresponds directly with the value of performance completed. Real estate lease income Real estate lease income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the tenancy agreements. For real estate leases, these contracts are treated as leases for accounting purposes, rather than contracts with customers subject to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Other revenue Other revenue includes services ancillary to the Group’s real estate projects, including construction service revenue and software consulting service income. Construction service revenue and software consulting service income are recognized when services are provided as the customer simultaneously benefits from the services as they are performed. Contract assets The Group pays sales commission to its real estate sales agencies for each real estate sales contract. The Group has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for costs to obtain a contract which allows the Group to immediately expense sales commissions (included under selling and distribution expenses) when the amortization period of the asset that the Group otherwise would have used is one year or less. For incremental costs of obtaining real estate sales contracts that extend beyond a one-year period, these incremental costs of obtaining real estate sales contracts are recognized as assets if the real estate sales are collectible and amortized as the Group transfers the control of the assets to customers. The Group recognized US$8.0 million and US$46.5 million of such costs in selling and distribution expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there was no impairment losses on contract assets. Contract liabilities A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration (or an amount of

Short-term investments

Short-term investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term investments.
Short-term investments	3. Short-term investments The short-term investments represent investments in REITs, which are publicly traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, marketable equity securities, and investment in private equity funds, which are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months. The following summarizes the short-term investments measured at fair value at December 31, 2020 and 2021: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ ​ US$ ​ Fair ​ Unrealized ​ ​ value ​ Cost ​ gain/(loss) in profit and loss Level 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity securities with readily determinable fair value ​ 6,108,322 ​ 2,049,344 ​ 4,058,978 Level 3 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity securities without readily determinable fair value 2,807 ​ 29,884 ​ (27,077) Total 6,111,129 ​ 2,079,228 ​ 4,031,901 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ Fair ​ Unrealized ​ ​ value ​ Cost ​ loss in profit and loss Level 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity securities with readily determinable fair value 85,211,338 114,816,065 (29,604,727) Total 85,211,338 ​ 114,816,065 ​ (29,604,727) ​ During the year ended December 31, 2021, US$598,630 (2020: US$1,021,043 realized gain) net realized loss and US$29,604,727 (2020: $4,031,901 unrealized gain) unrealized loss are included in earnings.

Other receivables

Other receivables	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Other receivables
Other receivables	4. Other receivables As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, other receivables consisted of the followings: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Henan Derun Real Estate Co. Ltd (“Henan Derun”) 139,364,804 ​ 154,038,237 Zhengzhou Jiahe Real Estate Co. Ltd (“Zhengzhou Jiahe”) 101,361,020 ​ — Zhengzhou Yongzhi Jianxin Meiyu Private Equity Fund (“Zhengzhou Yongzhi”) 24,521,449 ​ 25,095,284 Due from contractors 16,322,092 ​ 20,298,040 Due from Zijin Royal Palace ​ — ​ 44,750,333 Others 54,271,287 ​ 54,008,203 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total 335,840,652 ​ 298,190,097 ​ In December 2019, the Group agreed to provide Henan Derun financing using the prepayment and charge interest of 18% per annum commencing from the date of prepayment made to Henan Derun. In March 2020, the Group entered into an agreement with Henan Derun pursuant to which the above receivables shall be settled by Henan Derun’s transfer of certain parcels of land properties to a project company 80% owned by the Group and the Group will assume the bank loans of Henan Derun aggregating to US$77.1 million which were pledged by such land properties. The Group evaluated the potential impairment and concluded that no impairment allowance is required because the estimated future undiscounted cash flow of the relevant land properties attributed to the Group exceeded the total amount of the above receivables and bank loans assumed by the Group. As of December 31, 2021, the prepayment is recorded as other receivable aggregating to US $154.1 Receivable from Zhengzhou Jiahe of US$67.4 million bears interest from 15% to 18% per annum with a due date of December 31, 2019. In May 2020, the Group entered into an agreement with Zhengzhou Jiahe pursuant to which the above receivables shall be settled by Zhengzhou Jiahe’s transfer of certain parcels of land properties to a project company 80% owned by the Group. The transfer was completed in July 2021. In July 2020, the Company transferred Zhengzhou Modern City Shopping Mall originally held by the Company to a new subsidiary (“the project company”). The shopping mall was accounted for as property held for lease. In September 2020, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement with Zhengzhou Yongzhi to transfer its 98% equity interest in the project company for a consideration of US$122,607,243. As of December 31, 2021, Zhengzhou Yongzhi has paid US$98,085,794 to the Company and the change of business registration of the project company has been completed. According to the agreement, the remaining consideration of US$25,095,284 should be paid before September 27, 2021. The balance is now overdue. The directors of the Company are of the view that no credit loss is required for the balance because the underground property right has not been transferred to the new project company, and the fair value of the underground property as appraised by an external valuer exceeded the outstanding receivables.

Real estate properties developm

Real estate properties development completed and under development	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Real estate properties development completed and under development
Real estate properties development completed and under development	5. Real estate properties development completed and under development The following summarizes the components of real estate properties development completed and under development at December 31, 2020 and 2021: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Real estate properties development completed 439,204,753 500,875,235 Real estate properties under development 3,010,624,339 2,368,747,467 Total real estate properties development completed and under development 3,449,829,092 2,869,622,702 ​ As of December 31, 2021, land use rights included in the real estate properties under development totaled US$1,544,418,492 (December 31, 2020: US$1,171,226,276). As of December 31, 2021, land use rights with an aggregate net book value of US$333,926,609 (December 31, 2020: US$418,658,396) was pledged as collateral for certain bank loans and other debts.

Real estate properties held for

Real estate properties held for lease, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Real estate properties held for lease, net
Real estate properties held for lease, net	6. Real estate properties held for lease, net ​ The Group leases its owned buildings to various third parties including elementary schools, basement parking, kindergartens, parking facilities, clubhouses as well as a shopping mall. These leases are non-cancelable operating leases with remaining lease periods that vary from 25 days to 20 years. The leases may include minimum base rents with escalated contingent rent clauses. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Elementary schools 3,268,838 3,345,332 Basement parking 9,081,394 9,122,951 Kindergartens 11,098,383 9,326,258 Parking facilities 99,897,514 95,414,729 Clubhouses 8,217,800 8,410,108 Shopping mall 277,532,448 282,353,261 Residential properties ​ 121,855,248 ​ 88,786,540 Total costs 530,951,625 496,759,179 Accumulated depreciation (47,843,418) (56,458,807) Real estate properties held for lease, net 483,108,207 440,300,371 ​ The Group has shopping mall equipment with gross amounts of US$7,643,588 and US$7,822,133 acquired under finance lease as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation expense for real estate properties held for lease for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounted to US$8,237,055 (2020: US$8,625,765). As of December 31, 2021, US$174,811,201 of real estate properties held for lease was pledged as collateral for certain bank loans and other debts (2020: US$180,481,463). As of December 31, 2021, minimum future rental income on non-cancellable leases (none of which contains any contingent rental clauses), in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter, is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 17,768,382 2023 17,954,627 2024 18,299,684 2025 18,623,886 2026 and thereafter 109,175,551 Total 181,822,130 ​

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net	7. Property and equipment, net Property and equipment consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Finance lease right-of-use asset -Corporate aircraft 39,438,499 40,361,413 Vehicles 5,825,039 4,795,223 Furniture and fixtures 10,895,581 10,879,140 Office buildings 23,726,382 19,343,707 Total 79,885,501 75,379,483 Accumulated depreciation (37,125,590) (39,853,550) Property and equipment, net 42,759,911 35,525,933 ​ On October 23, 2012, the Group acquired a corporate aircraft owned by Minsheng Financial Leasing Co. Ltd. (“Minsheng”) under a finance lease. The lease has an eight-year term and expires on September 15, 2021 with 32 quarterly lease payments of US$1,426,000. A deposit in the amount of US$6.7 million may be used as full and final payment to Minsheng to purchase the corporate aircraft. On June 15, 2020, the Group terminated the previous agreement and signed a new finance lease agreement with Minsheng. The lease has a three-year term and expires on July 14, 2023 with 12 quarterly lease payment of US$1,105,274. Depreciation expense for property and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounted to US$4,839,442 (2019: US$5,904,454, 2020: US$4,696,140) which includes amortization expense related to the corporate aircraft capital lease amounting to US$2,659,483 (2019: US$2,336,187; 2020: US $2,486,630 Accumulated depreciation expense for property and equipment as of December 31, 2021 amounted to US$39,853,550 (2019: US$31,318,028; 2020: US$37,125,590) which includes accumulated amortization expense related to the corporate aircraft capital lease amounting to US$22,311,148 (2019: US$14,601,171; 2020: US$16,579,927).

Long-term investments

Long-term investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term investments
Long-term investments	8. Long-term investments As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the long-term investments consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Initial Cost ​ Ownership ​ 2020 ​ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ US$ Nonmarketable equity securities Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd. 241,648 1.85 % 306,518 Zhengzhou Taike Real Estate Co., Ltd. 738,073 3.75 % 766,295 Equity method investees Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. 523,459,957 49 % 532,385,009 Jiazhaoye Health Industry (Sanya) Investment Co., Ltd ​ 225,290,809 ​ 49 % 225,290,809 Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) 30,608,185 n/a 18,337,862 Madison Developments Limited. 19,095,969 50 % 15,766,779 Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 42,041,464 ​ 24 % 21,266,345 Others ​ 69,160,051 ​ n/a ​ 60,157,239 Total ​ 874,276,856 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Initial Cost ​ Ownership ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ US$ Nonmarketable equity securities Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd. 241,648 1.85 % 313,691 Zhengzhou Taike Real Estate Co., Ltd. 738,073 3.75 % 784,228 Equity method investees ​ ​ ​ Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. 523,459,957 49 % 539,866,587 Madison Developments Limited. 19,095,969 50 % — Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) ​ 61,998,960 ​ n/a ​ 46,617,348 Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 42,041,464 ​ 24 % 16,646,705 Others ​ 68,076,387 ​ n/a ​ 62,999,293 Total ​ 667,227,852 ​ Equity method investees On April 19, 2017, the Company signed an agreement to acquire up to 70% equity interest of Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. (“Qingdao Huiju”), which is developing a real estate project in Qingdao city from Beijing Huiju Technology Industry Development Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Huiju”), a non-affiliated company for a consideration of US$505.2 million. As of December 31, 2020, US$505.2 million had been paid and a 49% equity interest has been transferred to the Company. Based on the articles of association, the Company cannot exercise control of Qingdao Huiju until it acquires the entire 70% equity interest, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over Qingdao Huiju’s operating and financial decisions and accounted for it as an equity method investment. The Group initiated various legal actions against Beijing Huiju for, inter alia, (i) the transfer of the remaining 21% equity interest in Qingdao Huiju to the Group and appointment of directors into the board of Qingdao Huiju, (ii) refund of unauthorized transfer of cash of US$98.7 million from Qingdao Huiju to Beijing Huiju, and (iii) return of business license and official seals of Qingdao Huiju to Qingdao Huiju. In March 2019, PRC local court held that Beijing Huiju shall refund the unauthorized cash transferred to Beijing Huiju to Qingdao Huiju and has frozen the cash of US$98.7 million in Beijing Huiju’s bank account. In January 2020, local PRC court held that Beijing Huiju shall return the business license and official seals of Qingdao Huiju to Qingdao Huiju. On June 15, 2021, the PRC local court issued a final verdict that Beijing Huiju shall refund the unauthorized cash of US98.7 million. In January 2022, the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, or CIETAC, ruled that Beijing Huiju shall transfer the remaining 21% equity interest in Qingdao Huiju to the Group, that Beijing Huiju shall coordinate in completing the equity transfer registration formalities and confirmed that the Group has the right to appoint three directors onto the board of Qingdao Huiju. Based on independent legal advice and after due and careful enquiry, the directors of the Company are of the view that the above events shall have not any material adverse effect on the Group's investment in and receivables from Qingdao Huiju. As of the date of this annual report, the enforcement status of the above award/judgements is that, (i) the change of equity registration formalities to has been completed by Beijing Huiju within the prescribed period provided by the CIETAC; (ii) Qingdao Huiju has received the refund of US$98.7 million transferred by Beijing Huiju; and (3) Qingdao Huiju has collected the returned business license and official seals of Qingdao Huiju. On September 4, 2017, the Company, with two non-affiliated companies, established a limited partnership, Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) (“Wuhu Penghong”), in which the Company and the other two partners each invested US$30.6 million, US$91.8 million and US$3.1 million in cash, respectively, to invest in a real estate project. The other two partners hold substantive participating rights whereas the Company only exercises significant influence, and therefore, accounted for its investment in Wuhu Penghong under the equity method. In 2021, the Company further invested US$31.4 million to Wuhu Penghong. On March 21, 2018, the Company acquired a 50% equity interest in Madison Developments Limited (“MDL”), which is developing a real estate project in London, England from ED Jersey Limited, a non-affiliated company for a consideration of US$19.1 million. Based on the articles of association, the Company cannot exercise control of MDL, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over MDL’s operating and financial decisions and accounts for it as an equity method investment. In July 2019, the Company acquired a 24% equity interest in Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Rongjingchen”), which is developing a real estate project in Suzhou city from Suzhou Kaijingsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd., a non-affiliated company, for a consideration of US$42.0 million. Based on the articles of association, the Company cannot exercise control of Suzhou Rongjingchen, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over Suzhou Rongjingchen's operating and financial decisions and accounted for it as an equity method investment. In December 2020, the Company signed a cooperative development framework agreement with subsidiaries of Kaisa Group to invest in two project companies, Henan Yanchuang Management and Consulting Co., Ltd (“Henan Yanchuang”) and Jiazhaoye Health Industry (Sanya) Investment Co., Ltd (“Jiazhaoye Health”), aiming to jointly develop real estate projects in the PRC. According to the agreement, Kaisa Group holds 49% equity interest in Henan Yanchuang while the Company will hold 49% equity interest in Jiazhaoye Health with the same consideration of US$225,290,809. Based on the articles of association, the Company cannot exercise control of Jiazhaoye Health, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over Jiazhaoye's operating and financial decisions and accounts for it as an equity method investment. Since neither project company has successfully bid for any projects till October 2021, the Company and Kaisa Group began a negotiation to terminate the cooperative development framework agreement. In November 2021, they entered into an equity interest swap agreement. According to the agreement, the Company’s 49% equity interest in Jiazhaoye Health will be exchanged to 49% equity interest in Henan Yanchuang with no extra consideration. The change of business registration of Jiazhaoye Health has been completed as at the date of this financial statement. As of December 31, 2021, the Group’s investment in the investees in the aggregate exceeded its proportionate share of the net assets of the equity method investees by nil (December 31, 2020: nil). This difference, if any, represents equity method goodwill and therefore, is not amortized. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Group recognized its share of loss from its equity method investments of US$23,345,765 (2019: loss of US$5,416,471; 2020: income of US$17,028,301). As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there was no material impairment related to these investments. Summarized combined financial information of the equity method investees is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ (in thousands) Current assets 1,397,685 Non-current assets 273,409 Current liabilities 798,115 Non-current liabilities 520,324 Non-controlling interest ​ (3,962) Gross revenue 218,446 Gross profit 52,767 Loss from continuing operations (23,799) Net loss ​ (42,547) Net loss attributable to the Company (23,346) ​ The above summarized financial information represents the operating performance and financial position of the investees since they became equity method investees of the Group.

Acquisition of subsidiaries

Acquisition of subsidiaries	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Acquisition of subsidiaries
Acquisition of subsidiaries	9. Acquisition of subsidiaries 2019 Acquisition Activity In November 2019, the Group acquired Beijing Ruizhuo Xitou Development Co., Ltd. (“Xitou”), a related party, for a total consideration of US$16,486,299, which was satisfied by the extinguishment of a pre-existing receivable (Note 18). Xitou is primarily engaged in provision of online platform services for real estate project financing purposes. In November 2019, the Group acquired Beijing Ruizhuo Xichuang Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Xichuang”), a related party, for a total consideration of US$11,212,797, which was satisfied by the extinguishment of a pre-existing receivable (Note 18). Xichuang is primarily engaged in the provision of online platform services for sourcing, sale and purchase of real estate properties. In November 2019, the Group acquired Beijing I-Journey Science and Technology Development Co,Ltd.(“I-Journey”), a related party, for a total consideration of US$21,062,847, which was satisfied by the extinguishment of a pre-existing receivable (Note 18). I-journey is primarily engaged in the sale of household robots and provision of community cloud services. The acquisitions of Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey were in line with the Group’s strategy to extend its business to provide real estate and property management related technology services. The above acquisitions were accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting with acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The goodwill recognized upon the acquisitions amounting to US$6,624,594, US$5,159,916 and US$12,927,103 respectively is primarily as a result of the excess of the acquisition considerations over the respective fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. The goodwill recognized in other non-current assets is attributable primarily to expected synergies and the assembled workforce. The goodwill is not for The operational results of Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements since November 30, 2019 (“Date of Acquisition”). The pro forma results of operations for the acquisitions have not been presented because the revenue and earnings generated before the acquisitions are immaterial. The purchase price allocation for the acquisitions is primarily based on a valuation determined by the Group with the assistance of an independent third party valuation firm. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on Date of Acquisition. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinruifeng Xinhujin Xinzhihui ​ ​ ​ subgroup ​ subgroup ​ subgroup ​ Total ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Cash and cash equivalents 472,974 276,511 77,526 827,011 Intangible assets (1) Technology 9,446,403 5,877,125 6,249,820 21,573,348 Trade mark — — 2,623,205 2,623,205 Other current assets 262,373 164,373 691,872 1,118,618 Deferred tax assets 1,057,527 1,170,995 658,831 2,887,353 Other non-current assets 29,935 14,176 43,115 87,226 Goodwill 6,624,594 5,159,916 12,927,103 24,711,613 Current liabilities (269,349) (241,318) (1,499,623) (2,010,290) Deferred tax liabilities (1,057,527) (1,170,995) (658,831) (2,887,353) Non-controlling interest (80,631) (37,986) (50,171) (168,788) Total Consideration 16,486,299 11,212,797 21,062,847 48,761,943 (1) Intangible assets acquired in 2019 have estimated useful lives between six (2) Xinruifeng, Xinhujin and Xinzhihui are parents of Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey, respectively. There were no significant acquisitions of subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2021.

Short-term bank loans and other

Short-term bank loans and other debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	10. Short-term bank loans and other debt Short-term bank loans and other debt represent amounts due to various banks and financial institutions that are due on the dates indicated below. Short-term bank loans and other debt at December 31, 2020 and 2021 consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. ​ ​ ​ ​ Due December 28, 2021 , at 8.00% per annum 9,195,543 — Due July 10, 2022 at 7.00% per annum — 4,391,675 Due June 11, 2022 at 7.00% per annum ​ — ​ 12,547,642 Due March 30, 2022 at 8.00% per annum ​ — ​ 6,273,821 ​ ​ ​ Loan from Tianjin financial exchange center Co., Ltd. at 8.00% per annum 2,896,595 — ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Shenzhen Zhong’an Finance Leasing Co.,Ltd. at 5.89% per annum ​ 1,532,592 ​ 1,568,455 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Everbright Bank ​ ​ ​ Due October 19, 2022 at 8.00% per annum — ​ 4,705,366 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due July 29, 2022 , at 11.00% per annum — 4,705,366 ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Beijing Zhongjin Chengkai Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due April 29, 2022 , at 15.60% per annum — ​ 1,239,080 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Huaxia Pawnshop Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due June 9, 2022 at 30.00% per annum — 326,239 ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan fromTianjin Guotou Rongshun Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ Due September 26, 2022 at 9.60% per annum — 964,600 ​ ​ ​ Loan from Beijing Dingcheng Pawnshop Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 9, 2022 at 19.20% per annum ​ — ​ 1,882,146 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bohai Bank Xi'an Branch ​ ​ ​ ​ Due September 2, 2022 at 7.80% per annum ​ — ​ 1,568,455 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 19, 2022 , at 3.90% per annum ​ — ​ 2,130,000 Due February 5, 2022 , at 3.90% per annum ​ — ​ 2,270,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 28, 2022 , at 6.50% per annum ​ — ​ 54,895,932 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total short-term bank loans and other debt 13,624,730 99,468,777 ​ As of December 31, 2021, US$95,068,777 of the Group’s short-term bank loans and other debt was denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties development completed with net book value of US$87,535,195 (December 31, 2020: US$4,257,537), land use right of US$19,272,974 (December 31, 2020: nil), real estate properties held for lease with net book value of US$19,135,154, and property and equipment with net book value of US$9,408,203 (December 31, 2020: nil). As of December 31, 2021. US$4,400,000 of the Group’s short-term bank loans and other debt was denominated in U.S. dollar and secured by restricted cash of US$4,626,943 (December 31, 2020: US $nil ​ The weighted average interest rate on short-term bank loans and other debt as of December 31, 2021 was 7.32 % (December 31, 2020: 7.76%).

Long-term bank loans

Long-term bank loans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term bank loans
Long-term bank loans	11. Long-term bank loans Long-term bank loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 analyzed by final installment maturity dates consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Loan from ICBC Due December 26, 2021 , at 6.175% per annum 25,539,089 — Due December 22, 2021 , at 6.175% per annum 12,772,610 — Due December 30, 2021 , at 6.60% per annum 11,748,839 — Due December 22, 2021 , at 9.80% per annum 12,772,610 — Due July 23, 2022 , at 4.75% per annum ​ 5,823,844 ​ 260,364 Due April 13, 2022 , at 9.80% per annum ​ — ​ 13,068,369 Due April 13, 2022 , at 9.80% per annum ​ — ​ 6,507,393 Due April 13, 2022 , at 9.80% per annum ​ — ​ 6,535,753 ​ 68,656,992 26,371,879 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of China ​ ​ Due October 31, 2021 at 4.75% per annum 23,847,109 — Due March 19, 2022 at 5.225% per annum ​ 27,586,630 ​ 16,782,471 Due October 31, 2022 at 4.75% per annum — 7,826,592 ​ ​ 51,433,739 ​ 24,609,063 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from The Bank of East Asia ​ ​ ​ ​ Due June 4, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 22,500,000 ​ — Due June 6, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 30,000,000 ​ — Due August 20, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 19,170,000 ​ — Due September 27, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 9,100,000 ​ — Due October 20, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 2,100,000 ​ — Due October 27, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 17,570,000 ​ — Due January 14, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 3,000,000 ​ — Due January 5, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 16,340,000 ​ — Due January 5, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 3,240,000 ​ — Due September 30, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 5,500,000 ​ — ​ 128,520,000 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd. ​ ​ Due April 22, 2021 , at 6.8875% per annum 53,487,410 — Due May 27, 2021 , at 7.3625% per annum 4,597,772 — Due March 18, 2022 , at 6.5075% per annum ​ 33,716,992 ​ 20,766,347 ​ 91,802,174 20,766,347 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from China Construction Bank ​ ​ Due August 1, 2021 , at 4.35% per annum 47,816,825 — Due August 1, 2021 , at 4.75% per annum ​ 11,187,911 ​ — ​ 59,004,736 — Loan from Bank of Minsheng ​ Due May 30, 2031 , at 8.5% per annum 60,384,067 57,954,421 Due March 16, 2023 at 7.6% per annum 208,125,795 204,165,817 Due January 14, 2024 at 6.65% per annum ​ — ​ 59,601,299 ​ 268,509,862 321,721,537 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Hengfeng ​ ​ Due August 23, 2023 at 8.25% per annum — 93,009,396 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Communications Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 18, 2022 , at 7.600% per annum ​ 18,716,226 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due September 26, 2021 , at 7.000075% per annum ​ 61,916,658 ​ — Due March 26, 2022 , at 7.000075% per annum ​ — ​ 56,307,543 Due August 11, 2023 at 6.5% per annum ​ — ​ 117,634,142 Due August 30, 2023 , at 6.50% per annum ​ 114,944,290 ​ — ​ ​ 176,860,948 ​ 173,941,685 Loan from Bank of Huaxia Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 28, 2023 , at 5.08% per annum ​ 18,391,086 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due February 20, 2023 , at 10.00% per annum ​ 9,195,543 ​ 9,410,731 Due April 30, 2023 , at 6.80% per annum ​ 4,904,290 ​ 4,234,829 ​ ​ 14,099,833 ​ 13,645,560 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Guangzhou Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due September 3, 2024 , at 7.30% per annum ​ 98,577,756 ​ 106,759,164 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 13, 2022 , at 2.82% per annum ​ 2,567,812 ​ — Due January 19, 2022 , at 2.82% per annum ​ 16,808,448 ​ — Due February 26, 2022 , at 2.82% per annum ​ 19,320,740 ​ — Due January 1, 2022 , at 2.90% per annum ​ 1,350,000 ​ — Due November 10, 2022 , at 2.90% per annum ​ 36,500,000 ​ — Due March 12, 2023 , at 3.50% per annum ​ — ​ 19,236,000 Due March 29, 2023 , at 3.50% per annum ​ — ​ 1,859,480 Due April 12, 2023 , at 3.50% per annum ​ — ​ 17,376,520 ​ ​ 7,654,700 ​ 38,472,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total 1,071,120,352 819,296,631 Less: current portion of long-term bank loans (482,102,433) (325,219,756) Total long-term bank loans 589,017,919 494,076,875 ​ As of December 31, 2021, the contractual maturities of these loans are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 325,219,756 2023 369,102,362 2024 80,744,075 2025 5,411,171 2026 and thereafter 38,819,267 Less: current portion of long-term bank loans (325,219,756) Total: long-term bank loans 494,076,875 ​ As of December 31, 2021, US$780,824,631 of the Group’s long term bank loans was denominated in RMB and were mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$283,626,547 (December 31, 2020: US$178,303,075), land use rights with net book value of US$270,020,262 (December 31, 2020: US$301,626,788), the Group’s real estate properties held for lease with net book value of US$135,459,260 (December 31, 2020: US$145,121,736), the real estate properties development completed with net book value of US$nil (December 31, 2020: US$392,880), and the property and equipment with net book value of US$9,993,667 (December 31, 2020: US$9,765,150). As of December 31, 2021, US$38,472,000 of the Group's long term bank loans was denominated in U.S. dollar and secured by restricted cash of US$41,877,755 (December 31, 2020: US$229,666,355). The interest rates of these bank loans are adjustable based on the range of 100% to 211% of the PBOC prime rate. The weighted average interest rate on long-term bank loans as of December 31, 2021 was 7.24% (December 31, 2020: 6.19%).

Other long-term debt

Other long-term debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Other long-term debt.
Other long-term debt	12. Other long-term debt As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, other long-term debt analyzed by final installment maturity dates consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Senior notes ​ ​ ​ ​ February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% 224,952,688 ​ — October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 16, 2021 at 14.20% ​ 253,678,567 ​ — June 2022 Senior notes due on June 29, 2022 at 12.00% ​ 71,101,480 ​ 78,997,031 September 2023 Senior notes due on September 17, 2023 at 14.50% ​ 296,902,963 ​ 253,096,367 October 2023 notes due on October 15, 2023 at 14.20% ​ — ​ 132,576,797 January 2024 notes due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% ​ — ​ 262,064,363 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate bonds ​ ​ ​ ​ Due November 13, 2025 at 8.35% ​ 40,142,724 ​ 27,747,400 Due Januray 4, 2026 at 8.35% ​ — ​ 15,347,334 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Ping An Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 31 . 2022 at 12.80% 102,223,789 35,603,934 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Wanxiang Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due April 30, 2021 at 12.00% ​ 30,651,811 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from China Huarong Asset Management Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due November 8, 2021 at 12.00% ​ 24,671,642 ​ — Due April 20, 2022 at 12.00% ​ 41,379,945 ​ 42,348,291 Due November 27, 2022 at 12.00% ​ — ​ 20,857,318 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Chang An International Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due December 10, 2023 at 9.00% ​ 274,180,447 ​ 169,393,164 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due July 23, 2021 at 11.60% ​ 6,130,362 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Min Sheng Finance Lease Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due July 15, 2023 at 5.85% ​ 10,213,324 ​ 6,452,550 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Zhongrong International Trust Co. Ltd. ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 13, 2022 at 13.00% ​ 229,888,577 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Daye Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due August 31, 2022 at 11.50% ​ 91,955,432 ​ 94,107,314 Due October 16, 2022 at 14.50% ​ — ​ 34,506,015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Hubei Tian Qian Asset Management Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due July 14, 2022 at 13.00% ​ 50,575,488 ​ 35,989,774 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from China Minsheng Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 22, 2023 at 10.00% ​ — ​ 15,684,552 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Kent EB-5 LLC ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 23, 2022 at 5.95% ​ 53,000,000 41,928,898 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Ozark ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 24, 2021 at 4.50% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 92,851,951 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from 135-35 NORTHERN BLVD 1&2 LLC ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 1, 2021 at 8.5% ​ 30,000,000 ​ 30,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Ares Management ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 12, 2024 at 10.05% ​ — ​ 120,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total principal of other long-term debt ​ 1,924,501,190 1,416,701,102 Less: current portion of other long-term debt ​ (911,485,562) (1,141,600,901) Total other long-term debt ​ 1,013,015,628 275,100,201 ​ The June 2022, September 2023, October 2023 and January 2024 Senior Secured Notes are senior secured pari passu obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2021, the contractual maturities of these debts are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 1,141,600,901 2023 112,005,467 2024 120,000,000 2025 27,747,400 2026 and thereafter 15,347,334 Less: current portion of other long term debt (1,141,600,901) Total: Other long-term debt 275,100,201 ​ The Company did not made payments in full for June 2022 Senior Secured Notes of RMB545.5 million at maturity on June 29, 2022. The default in repayment triggered the default term of other senior notes. As a result, other long-term debt of US$394,641,160 was reclassified from non-current liability to current liability as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, US$498,037,647 of the Group’s other long-term debt was denominated in RMB and mainly secured by the Group’s real estate properties under development with net book value of US$129,857,246(December 31, 2020: US$23,841,896), land use rights with net book value of US$44,633,373(December 31, 2020: US$117,031,608), real estate properties held for lease with net book value of US$20,216,787 (December 31, 2020: US$35,359,727), real estate properties development completed with net book value of US$2,890,943 (December 31, 2020: US$44,949,795), and property and equipment with net book value of US$18,050,265 (December 31, 2020: US$20,266,967). As of December 31, 2021, US$918,663,456 of the Group's other long-term debt, mainly consisted of the Senior Secured Notes, was denominated in U.S. dollar. February 2021 Senior Secured Notes On February 28, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of US$300,000,000 of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes. The February 2021 Senior Secured Notes bear interest at 7.75% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on February 28 and August 28 of each year, commencing August 28, 2017. The February 2021 Senior Secured Notes have a four year term maturing on February 28, 2021. The effective interest rate of February 2021 Senior Secured Notes is 8.68%. The February 2021 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated February 28, 2017, between the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “February 2021 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the February 2021 Indenture and the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the February 2021 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the February 2021 Indenture and the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. At any time prior to February 28, 2021, the Company may at its option redeem the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any February 2021 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such February 2021 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such February 2021 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such February 2021 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the February 2021 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such February 2021 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date. At any time prior to February 28, 2021, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 107.75% of the principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes issued on February 28, 2017 remains outstanding after each such redemption. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the February 2021 Secured Senior Notes. The February 2021 Indenture contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the February 2021 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s Common Shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the February 2021 Indenture) of 2.0 to 1.0. From August 31, 2018 to December 31, 2018, the Company redeemed the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$25.4 million. The Company recognized gain on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$2,642,710, consisting of the gain from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$3,043,135 and the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$400,425. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, the Company redeemed the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$10.6 million. The Company recognized gain on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$1,126,617, consisting of the gain from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$1,246,256 and the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$119,639. From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, the Company redeemed the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$19 million. The Company recognized loss on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$588,507, consisting of the loss from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$348,581 and the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$239,926. On September 17, 2020, eligible holders of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$20.0 million exchanged their notes for the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes. From January 1, 2021 to February 28, 2021, the Company redeemed the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$20.0 million. On February 28, 2021, the Company paid in full the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. November 2020 Senior Secured Notes On November 22, 2017 and December 1, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 and US$100,000,000 of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes, respectively. The November 2020 Senior Secured Notes bear interest at 8.875% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on May 22 and November 22 of each year, commencing May 22, 2018. The November 2020 Senior Secured Notes have a three year term maturing on November 22, 2020. The effective interest rate of November 2020 Senior Secured Notes is 9.95%. The November 2020 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated November 22, 2017, between the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “November 2020 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the November 2020 Indenture and the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the November 2020 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the November 2020 Indenture and the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. At any time prior to November 22, 2020, the Company may at its option redeem the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any November 2020 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such November 2020 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such November 2020 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such November 2020 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the November 2020 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such November 2020 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date. At any time prior to November 22, 2020, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 108.875% of the principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes issued on November 22, 2017 remains outstanding after each such redemption. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the November 2020 Secured Senior Notes. The November 2020 Indenture, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the November 2020 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s Common Shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the November 2020 Indenture) of 2.0 to 1.0. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, the Company redeemed the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$0.9 million. The Company recognized gain on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$38,136, consisting of the gain from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$47,200 and the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$9,064. From January 1, 2020 to November 22, 2020, the Company redeemed the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$45.8 million. The Company recognized loss on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$216,290, consisting of the loss from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$42,214 and the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$174,076. On November 22, 2020, the Company paid in full the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. March 2020 Senior Secured Notes On March 19, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes. The March 2020 Senior Secured Notes bear interest at 9.875% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on March 19 and September 19 of each year, commencing September 19, 2018. The March 2020 Senior Secured Notes have a two year term maturing on March 19, 2020. The effective interest rate of March 2020 Senior Secured Notes is 11.34%. The March 2020 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated March 19, 2017, between the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “March 2020 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the March 2020 Indenture and the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the March 2020 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the March 2020 Indenture and the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. At any time prior to March 19, 2020, the Company may at its option redeem the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any March 2020 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such March 2020 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such March 2020 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such March 2020 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the March 2020 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such March 2020 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date. At any time prior to March 19, 2020, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 109.875% of the principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes issued on March 19, 2018 remains outstanding after each such redemption. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes. The March 2020 Indenture, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the March 2020 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the collateral securing the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes or other assets, to make certain other payments or to engage in transactions with affiliates and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s Common Shares, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the March 2020 Indenture) of 2.0 to 1.0. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, the Company redeemed the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$75.7 million. The Company recognized loss on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$563,941, consisting of the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$563,941. From January 1, 2020 to March 19, 2020, the Company redeemed the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$11.7 million. On March 19, 2020, the Company paid in full the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. October 2021 Senior Secured Notes On April 15, 2019 and April 26, 2019, the Company issued Senior Notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$300,000,000 due on October 15, 2021 (the “October 2021 Notes”). The October 2021 Notes bear interest at 14.2% per annum, payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing October 15, 2019. The October 2021 Notes have a two and a half year (thirty month) term maturing on October 15, 2021. The October 2021 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of April 15, 2019, between the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors (as defined below) and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and shared security agent (the “October 2021 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the October 2021 Indenture and the October 2021 Notes are guaranteed initially by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited, Elite Quest Holdings Limited and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the October 2021 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the October 2021 Indenture and the October 2021 Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited and Elite Quest Holdings Limited. At any time prior to October 15, 2021, the Company may at its option redeem the October 2021 Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the October 2021 Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any October 2021 Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through the maturity date of the October 2021 Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date. At any time prior to October 15, 2021, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the October 2021 Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company’s common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 114.2% the principal amount of the October 2021 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the October 2021 Notes issued on April 15, 2019 remains outstanding after each such redemption and any such redemption takes place within 60 days after the closing of the related equity offering. Following a Change of Control (as defined in the October 2021 Indenture), the Company must make an offer to purchase all outstanding October 2021 Notes at a purchase price equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the offer to purchase payment date. The October 2021 Indenture contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the October 2021 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, sell assets, or make certain other payment, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions and satisfaction, in certain circumstances of specified conditions, such as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the October 2021 Indenture) of 2.0 to 1.0. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, the Company redeemed the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$2.5 million. The Company recognized loss on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$25,240, consisting of the gain from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$52,500 and the loss from unamortized deferred debt issuance costs amounting to US$77,740. From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, the Company redeemed the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes for a total principal amount of US$5.5 million. The Company recognized loss on extinguishment of debt amounting to US$176,209, consisting of the loss from the difference between repurchase price and principal amount of the debt amounting to US$176,209. On September 17, 2020, eligible holders of the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$38.0 million exchanged their notes for the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes. On January 25, 2021, eligible holders of the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$25.0 million exchanged their notes for the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes. On October 15, 2021, eligible holders of the October 2021 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$207,680,000 exchanged their notes and the Company delivered the October 2023 Senior Secured Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$205,401,000 due on October 15, 2023 and US$19,101,080 in cash consideration in full satisfaction of the exchange consideration to those eligible holders. At the same time, all the remaining October 2021 Senior Secured Notes that have not been validly tendered and accepted for exchange were redeemed at maturity in full. June 2022 Senior Secured Notes On July 3, 2020 and August 6, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of RMB514.5 million (US$75 million) of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2022 Senior Secured Notes bear interest at 12.00% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on December 29 and June 29 of each year, commencing December 29, 2020. The June 2022 Senior Secured Notes have a two years term maturing on June 29, 2022. The effective interest rate of June 2022 Senior Secured Notes is 15.69%. The June 2022 Senior Secured Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated June 29, 2020, between the Company, the “Subsidiary Guarantors” identified below and Citicorp International Limited, as trustee and collateral agent (the “June 2022 Indenture”). The Company’s obligations under the June 2022 Indenture and the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes have been guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Ltd., South Glory International Ltd., Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. and Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Limited (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and will be guaranteed by such other future subsidiaries of the Company as is set forth in and in accordance with the terms of the June 2022 Indenture. The Company’s obligations under the June 2022 Indenture and the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd., Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd., Victory Good Development Limited, South Glory International Limited and Elite Quest Holdings Ltd. At any time prior to June 29, 2022, the Company may at its option redeem the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any June 2022 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such June 2022 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such June 2022 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such June 2022 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2022 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such June 2022 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date. At any time prior to June 29, 2022, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 112% of the principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes issued on June 29, 2020 remains outstanding after each such redemption. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2022 Indenture, contains certain covenants that, among others, restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the June 2022 Indenture) to incur additional debt or to issue preferred stock, to make certain payments or investments, to pay dividends or purchase or redeem capital stock, to sell assets (including limitations on the use of proceeds of asset sales), to grant liens on the col

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases
Leases	13. Leases Lessee The Group has operating and finance leases, which primarily consist of corporate aircraft, office space and equipment. The Group’s leases include options to extend the lease term. The Group’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Group has operating leases for office and dormitories in the United States and China. The leases have remaining lease terms of up to 2 years. Leases recorded on the consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Lease Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ Finance lease assets ​ ​ ​ ​ Property and equipment, net 20,266,967 ​ 18,050,265 Real estate properties held for lease, net ​ 7,370,716 ​ 7,542,875 Total ​ 27,637,683 ​ 25,593,140 Operating lease ROU assets 8,516,756 ​ 3,147,381 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Lease Liabilities ​ ​ ​ Current ​ ​ ​ Current portion of finance lease 1,685,850 ​ 5,557,782 Current portion of operating lease 5,298,153 ​ 2,061,541 Total ​ 6,984,003 ​ 7,619,323 Non-current ​ ​ ​ Finance lease, net of current portion — ​ — Operating lease, net of current portion 3,159,780 ​ 1,286,250 Total 3,159,780 ​ 1,286,250 ​ The components of lease expenses recognized are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Operating lease cost: ​ ​ ​ Operating lease cost ​ 6,487,116 ​ 5,384,851 Short-term lease cost ​ 1,384,416 ​ 2,612,901 Finance lease cost: ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of finance lease assets ​ 3,494,618 ​ 2,690,976 Interest on the lease liabilities ​ 489,581 ​ 501,037 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total lease cost ​ 11,855,731 ​ 11,189,765 ​ Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended ​ Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Operating cash flows for operating leases 6,354,922 ​ 4,485,361 Operating cash flows for finance leases 155,188 ​ 16,222 Financing cash flows for finance leases ​ 8,476,338 ​ 1,369,861 ​ Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2021 ​ Finance Leases Operating Leases ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Year ending December 31, 2022 5,761,266 2,311,216 Year ending December 31, 2023 — 1,285,644 Year ending December 31, 2024 — — Year ending December 31, 2025 ​ — ​ — Total lease payments 5,761,266 3,596,860 Less: imputed interest (203,484) (249,069) Present value of lease liabilities 5,557,782 3,347,791 ​ Other supplemental information related to lease terms and discount rates are summarized below: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) ​ ​ ​ Operating leases 1.99 ​ 1.69 ​ Finance leases 0.91 ​ 0.72 ​ Weighted-average discount rate ​ ​ ​ Operating leases 6.91 % 1.53 % Finance leases 6.95 % 6.95 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Customer deposits

Customer deposits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Customer deposits
Customer deposits	14. Customer deposits Advances for real estate properties comprise sales proceeds received from customers for the pre-sale of residential units in PRC. Advances for real estate properties are typically funded up to 40% - 80% by mortgage loans made by banks to the customers. The Group holds certain cash balances in restricted cash accounts at the relevant banks (Note 2 (f)). The Group, in return, has a right to withhold transfer of title to the customer until outstanding amounts are fully settled. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Advances for real estate properties 2,332,850,810 2,372,468,138 Add: increase in revenue recognized in excess of amounts received from customers 59,622,703 26,302,454 Less: recognized as progress billings (1,439,534,129) (1,236,340,124) Customer deposits (Note 2(h)) 952,939,384 1,162,430,468 ​

Income taxes

Income taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Income taxes
Income taxes	15. Income taxes (a) Corporate income tax (“CIT”) Under the current law of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income tax and withholding tax. The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to income tax at the statutory rate of 25% in accordance with PRC corporate income tax laws and regulations. Further, under the same tax laws and regulations, dividends paid by PRC enterprises out of profits earned post-2007 to non-PRC tax resident investors are subject to PRC dividend withholding tax of 10%. A lower withholding tax rate may be applied based on applicable tax treaties with certain jurisdictions. The Company’s HK subsidiaries are subject to income tax at the statutory rate of 16.5% in accordance with the HK profits tax laws and regulations. The Company did not make any provisions for Hong Kong Profits Tax as there were no assessable profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong for any of the periods presented. Under the Hong Kong tax law, the Company’s HK subsidiaries are exempted from income tax on its foreign-derived income and there are no withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends. The Company’s US subsidiaries are subject to income tax at the statutory rate of 21% in accordance with US corporate income tax laws and regulations. Dividends and interests paid by US enterprises to non-US tax resident enterprises are subject to US withholding tax of 30%. Income before income tax expense consist of: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ PRC 355,606,696 162,967,377 (274,761,993) Non PRC (122,099,522) (95,392,067) (145,780,649) Total 233,507,174 67,575,310 (420,542,642) ​ Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 is summarized as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current: CIT tax expense/(benefit) 133,862,272 (21,471,662) 15,227,110 Land Appreciation Tax (“LAT”) expense 68,631,338 90,907,634 39,101,310 Deferred tax (benefit)/expense (52,015,238) 65,623,218 (61,608,948) Income tax expense 150,478,372 135,059,190 (7,280,528) ​ The Group’s income tax expense differs from the tax expense computed by applying PRC statutory CIT rate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ CIT at rate of 25% 58,376,794 16,893,828 (105,135,661) Tax effect of non-deductible expenses 8,867,037 18,115,751 52,251,997 LAT expense 68,631,338 90,907,634 39,101,310 CIT benefit of LAT (17,157,834) (22,726,908) (9,775,327) Changes in valuation allowance 23,073,210 5,463,801 13,925,825 International rate differences 17,351,758 15,736,526 14,983,887 Dividend and interest withholding taxes (3,816,800) 13,132,901 (17,148,376) Adjustment of estimated income tax accruals (4,285,329) (2,850,373) 3,085,497 Others (561,802) 386,030 1,430,320 Income tax expense 150,478,372 135,059,190 (7,280,528) ​ (b) Unrecognized tax benefit The following table summarizes the activities related to the Group’s unrecognized tax benefits: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Balance at January 1 45,939,234 73,605,084 101,198,970 Additions for tax positions of current year 14,547,590 26,350,344 29,025,853 Reclassification from prior year tax payable ​ 13,118,260 ​ 14,361,802 ​ — Reductions for tax positions of prior years — (13,118,260) — Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation — — 336,085 Balance at December 31 73,605,084 101,198,970 130,560,908 ​ The movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits in 2019 included an amount of US$12,713,235 and related late payment interest of US$1,834,355 which was due to deemed interest income from subsidiaries of the Company during the year. Reclassification from the prior year tax payable included an amount of US$12,793,498 and related late payment interests of US$324,762, which were due to an uncertain tax position in respect of an investment loss deduction claimed in the 2018 tax return filed in 2019. The movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits in 2020 included an amount of US$23,871,685 and related late payment interest of US$2,478,659 which were due to deemed interest income from subsidiaries of the Company during the year. Reclassification from the prior year tax payable included an amount of US$13,678,371 and related late payment interests of US$683,431, which were due to an uncertain tax position in respect of an investment loss deduction claimed in the 2019 tax return filed in 2020. The movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits in 2021 included an amount of US$25,287,932 and related late payment interest of US$3,128,988 which were due to deemed interest income from subsidiaries of the Company during the year, related late payment interests of US$608,933, which were due to an uncertain tax position in respect of an investment loss deduction claimed in the 2018 tax return filed in 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, unrecognized tax benefits of US$13,678,371 and US$13,678,371, respectively, if ultimately recognized, will impact the effective tax rate. The Group anticipates new unrecognized tax benefits, related to tax positions similar to those giving rise to its existing unrecognized tax benefits, to originate after December 31, 2021. It is possible that the amount of uncertain tax positions will change in the next twelve months, however, an estimate of the range of the possible outcomes cannot be made at this time. The Group’s income tax returns for fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2021 remain open to potential examination. In addition, local tax authorities may exercise broad discretion in applying the tax law, thus potentially exposing the subsidiaries to audits of tax years outside the general statute of limitations. (c) LAT LAT is applicable at progressive tax rates ranging from 30% to 60% on the appreciation of land values, with an exemption provided for the sales of ordinary residential properties if the appreciation values do not exceed certain thresholds specified in the relevant tax laws. For all periods presented, the Group has made provision for LAT with respect to properties sold up to the respective reporting date in accordance with the requirements set forth in the relevant PRC tax laws and regulations. (d) Deferred tax The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Deferred tax assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ Tax loss carried forward 66,153,464 84,046,761 Accruals and provisions 96,041,259 122,633,112 Capitalized expenses 67,506,415 77,494,494 Revenue recognition at a point in time less tax paid under deemed profit method 29,232,706 27,312,910 Revenue recognition of real estate lease income on a straight-line basis 12,394,780 7,144,670 Deemed interest expense 79,851,523 105,354,177 Valuation allowance (25,978,488) (24,633,671) Operating lease liability ​ 2,114,483 ​ 836,948 Total deferred tax assets 327,316,142 400,189,401 Deferred tax liabilities: ​ ​ Revenue recognition over time (140,019,916) (192,007,773) Real estate properties accelerated cost deduction — — Taxable temporary differences arising from asset acquisitions (240,306,881) (202,527,316) Dividend and interest withholding taxes (62,292,677) (45,159,004) Operating lease right-of-use assets ​ (2,129,188) ​ (786,845) Total deferred tax liabilities (444,748,662) (440,480,938) ​ Certain of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries have PRC tax net operating loss carry forwards of US$314.3 million (2020: US$244.5 million) which will expire in one During 2020 and 2021, the Company has considered its operational funding needs, future development initiatives and its dividend distribution plan and is permanently reinvesting all but US$623.1 million and US$451.6 million of its PRC subsidiaries earnings as at December 31, 2020 and 2021 respectively. Accordingly, the Company accrued deferred income tax liabilities of US$62.3 million and US$45.2 million for the withholding tax liability associated with the distribution of retained earnings that are not permanently reinvested as at December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the total amount of undistributed earnings from the Company’s PRC subsidiaries that are considered to be permanently reinvested were US$131.3 million and nil million, and the related unrecognized deferred tax liabilities were approximately US$13.1 million and nil million, respectively. The Company’s remaining subsidiaries do not have retained earnings for all the periods presented. In assessing the ability to realize the deferred tax assets, the Group has considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Accordingly, the Group recorded valuation allowances amounting US$25,978,488 and US$24,633,671 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation	16. Share-based compensation As of December 31, 2021, the Company primarily has four share-based compensation plans under which awards may be granted to both employees and non-employees, namely, the 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”), 2015 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”), 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Plan (the “2014 RSU Plan”) and 2020 Restricted Stock Unit Plan (the “2020 RSU Plan”). On January 31, 2019, Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, approved a restricted share award scheme (the “Scheme”). On September 28, 2019, the Company approved the employee stock option plan of Xinchuang Technology Co. Ltd. (“Xinchuang Technology”). Compensation cost of US$3,413,610 (2019: US$5,621,588; 2020: $4,511,190) was recorded in general and administrative expenses with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital in the year ended December 31, 2021. The compensation cost is primarily regarded as a permanent difference for income tax purposes as relevant equity awards were mainly granted by the Company and a subsidiary, which are registered in the Cayman Islands, a tax-free jurisdiction. Hence, no tax benefit was recognized upon the recognition of compensation cost. The Company has a policy of using authorized shares in the existing pool to satisfy any future exercise of share options and shares repurchased held by a third party trustee to satisfy the RSUs granted under the 2014 RSU Plan and 2020 RSU plan. 2007 Plan In November 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Plan which provides for the grant of options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to purchase its common shares. The maximum aggregate number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards, including options, is 10 million common shares, subject to adjustment to account for changes in the capitalization of the Company. Under the 2007 Plan, the Company granted share options with service conditions to purchase common shares to employees, at an exercise price ranging from US$1.085 to US$1.81 per option. These options have a weighted average grant date fair value of US$0.36 ~ US$0.61 per option and the total expected compensation cost has considered the expected forfeitures. These options generally have vesting periods based on length of service of 36 months and will expire no later than 2025. 2015 Plan In June 2015, the Company approved the 2015 Plan to provide grant of options to purchase shares of Company stock with maximum aggregate number of 20 million common shares, subject to adjustment to account for changes in the capitalization of the Company. On July 1, 2015, under the 2015 Plan, the Company granted share options with service conditions to purchase up to 6,574,600 common shares to twenty-two employees, at an exercise price of US$1.71 per share. These options have a weighted average grant date fair value of US$0.48 per option and a total expected compensation cost, net of expected forfeitures, of US$3,165,867. These options have vesting periods based on length of service of 34 months and will expire no later than July 1, 2025. On July 29, 2015, under the 2015 Plan, the Company granted share options with service conditions to purchase up to 81,600 common shares to one employee, at an exercise price of US$1.71 per share. These options have a weighted average grant date fair value of US$0.42 per option and a total expected compensation cost, net of expected forfeitures, of US$34,294. These options have vesting periods based on length of service of 33 months and will expire no later than July 29, 2025. No options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, for 2007 Plan and 2015 Plan. Assumptions The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Dividend Adjusted Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses the assumptions noted below. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Options Options ​ ​ Granted in ​ Granted in ​ ​ 2015 ​ 2015 ​ ​ Under the ​ Under the ​ ​ 2007 Plan ​ 2015 Plan Average risk-free rate of return ​ 1.82‑1.92 % 1.57‑1.92 % Expected term ​ 6 Years 6 Years ​ Volatility rate ​ 46.3‑55.2 % 55.0‑55.9 % Dividend yield ​ 5 % 5 % ​ The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the implied yield rates of U.S treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected life of options represents the period of time the granted options are expected to be outstanding. The Company had limited historical exercise data. Therefore, the expected life was estimated as the average of the contractual term and the vesting period. The dividend yield was based on the Company’s dividend distribution plan. The expected volatility was based on the historical daily stock price of the Company, annualized. Share Option Activity As of January 1, 2021, all options granted under 2007 plan were fully vested. The following table is a summary of the Company’s share option activity under the 2007 Plan (in US$, except options): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Remaining ​ ​ ​ ​ Number of ​ Exercise ​ Contractual ​ Aggregate Options Under the 2007 Plan ​ Options ​ Price ​ Life (Years) ​ Intrinsic Value ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Outstanding, January 1, 2021 1.085 (exercise price) 60,000 1.085 0.50 900 1.64 (exercise price) 100,000 1.64 1.87 — 1.21 (exercise price) 39,400 1.21 3.50 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Granted — — — — Exercised — — — — Forfeited — — — — Expired 60,000 1.085 — — Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021 1.64 (exercise price) 100,000 1.64 0.87 — 1.21 (exercise price) 39,400 1.21 2.50 — ​ The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the Company’s closing stock price of US$0.32 per common share as of December 31, 2021 and the exercise price for in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all in-the-money options had been exercised on December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees, under the 2007 Plan. Total fair value of options vested was nil during the year ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. As of January 1, 2021, all options granted under 2015 plan were fully vested, with no option exercised ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Remaining ​ ​ ​ ​ Number of ​ Exercise ​ Contractual ​ Aggregate Options Under the 2015 Plan ​ Options ​ Price ​ Life (Years) ​ Intrinsic Value ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Outstanding, January 1, 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1.71(exercise price) 2,796,734 ​ 1.71 ​ 4.50 ​ — Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021 1.71(exercise price) 2,796,734 ​ 1.71 ​ 3.50 ​ — ​ The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the Company’s closing stock price of US$0.32 per common share as of December 31, 2021 and the exercise price for in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all in-the-money options had been exercised on December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees, under the 2015 Plan. Total fair value of options vested was nil during the year ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. 2014 RSU Plan On May 23, 2014, the Board of Directors approved the 2014 RSU Plan, which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The 2014 RSU Plan provides for discretionary grants of restricted stock units, or RSUs, to or for the benefit of participating employees. The maximum number of common shares that may be delivered to 2014 RSU Plan participants in connection with RSUs granted under the 2014 RSU Plan is 10,000,000, subject to adjustment if the Company’s outstanding common shares are increased, decreased, changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or securities of the Company through a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction. On May 23, 2014, the Company established a trust that is governed by a third party trustee and deposited US$7,042,725 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 4,234,884 common shares in the open market. Repurchased shares were granted to certain employees and awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. On April 10, 2015, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited US$3,259,998 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 2,076,964 common shares from the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. On April 18, 2016, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited US$4,003,999 into the trust. The trustee used the funds to acquire 1,614,220 common shares from the open market. The awards vest ratably over a three year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. On July 27, 2017, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited US$3,485,952 into the trust. The trustee has not used the funds to acquire any On July 30, 2018, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited US$3,976,660 into the trust. The trustee has used the funds to acquire 1,732,466 common shares from the open market as of December 31, 2018. The awards vest ratably over a three-year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. On August 30, 2019, under the 2014 RSU Plan, the Company deposited US$2,912,539 into the trust. The trustee has used the funds to acquire 1,438,076 common shares from the open market as of December 31, 2019. The awards vest ratably over a three-year service vesting period. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date shall be recognized as compensation expense using the straight-line method. The weighted average grant-date fair value of restricted shares granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 was US$2.12, respectively, which was derived from the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares. 2020 RSU Plan On June 30, 2020, the Board of Directors approved the 2020 RSU Plan, which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The 2020 RSU Plan provides for discretionary grants of restricted stock units, or RSUs, to or for the benefit of participating employees. The maximum number of common shares that may be delivered to 2020 RSU Plan participants in connection with RSUs granted under the 2020 RSU Plan is 10,000,000, subject to adjustment if the Company's outstanding common shares are increased, decreased, changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or securities of the Company through a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction. Other awards On September 28, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the employee stock option plan of Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xinchuang Technology”), a subsidiary of the Company. Under the plan, the Company reserved 150 million shares, representing 30% of Xinchuang Technology’s issued capital for purpose of providing share option awards to the Company’s senior management and employees. In November 2019, the Company granted a total of 100 million share options to certain employees of the Group with an exercise price of US$0.14 (RMB 1). The options become vested in 5 tranches subject to achievement of certain performance conditions as follows: (i) 5% on the grant date with no performance condition; (ii) 5% for each of the first As of December 31, 2021, there were no shares expired and the expense recognized is immaterial (2020: nil, 2019: nil). Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, operates a restricted share award scheme (the “Scheme”) for the purpose of providing incentives and rewards to eligible participants (the “Participants”) who contribute to the success of its operations. The Participants of the Scheme include its directors and senior executives. The Scheme was adopted by its board on January 31, 2019 (the “Adoption Date”). Pursuant to the Scheme, an award of 56,250 restricted shares (subdivided into 56,250,000 restricted shares in August 2019), representing 15% of its share capital, was granted to the Participants with a total exercise price at an aggregate consideration of US$1,204,094 (RMB8,400,000). The consideration was fully settled in cash upon the issuance of restricted shares. The restricted shares vest in three tranches of 2%, 18% and 80% on January 1, 2020, January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022, respectively, in accordance with certain vesting conditions, that is, a performance condition based on the completion of an IPO. The compensation cost was recognized using accelerated method. On June 14, 2019, Mr. Zhang Lizhou (one of the participants) resigned as an executive director. Upon the resignation of Mr. Zhang Lizhou, the Company The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date amounting to US$4,931,051 (RMB34,400,000) is recognized as compensation expense using the accelerated method. The fair value is determined by an external valuer using the discounted cash flow method to determine the underlying equity fair value of Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd. Key assumptions, such as the discount rate, cash flow projections and the discount for lack of marketability, are determined by the Group using its best estimates. As of December 31, 2021, there were no shares vested or expired and the Group recognized expense relating to the Scheme of US$1,788,297 (2020: US$2,031,330, 2019: US$1,762,927) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income during the period.

Other payables and accrued liab

Other payables and accrued liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Other payables and accrued liabilities
Other payables and accrued liabilities	17. Other payables and accrued liabilities The components of other payables and accrued liabilities are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Contract deposit 362,269,545 324,844,088 Accrued expenses 53,680,543 94,297,276 Debt extinguishment costs 404,042 — Deed tax and maintenance fund withheld for customers 35,913,618 28,848,564 Bidding deposit 4,504,908 3,947,876 Welfare payable 1,583,453 1,620,508 Other tax payable 32,595,593 18,620,109 Accrued aircraft operating expense 1,599,639 332,339 Accrued interest expense 20,935,671 32,363,632 Purchase consideration payable for asset acquisitions and business combinations 38,624,175 39,169,122 Others 43,365,254 11,133,179 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total 595,476,441 555,176,693 ​

Related party and employee tran

Related party and employee transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Related party and employee transactions
Related party and employee transactions	(a) Amounts due from related parties ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current: Henan Hongguang Olympic Real Estate Co., Ltd. 90,330,257 95,078,214 Qingdao Huiju ​ 56,469,394 ​ 10,035,794 Guangzhou Huanglong Information Technology Co., Ltd. ​ 16,324,735 ​ 47,953,453 Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd. ​ 2,789,265 ​ 2,854,538 Madison Development Limited 33,231,243 33,768,281 Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders 20,160,872 32,032,079 Taicang Pengchi's non-controlling interest holders 12,129,962 22,194,420 Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ — ​ 22,141,569 Others ​ 2,005,731 ​ 5,509,136 Total current amounts due from related party 233,441,459 271,567,484 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non current: ​ ​ Suzhou Yefang’s non-controlling interest holders ​ 12,259,192 ​ 12,546,073 Others ​ 2,674,370 ​ 2,736,955 Total non-current amounts due from related party ​ 14,933,562 ​ 15,283,028 Total 248,375,021 286,850,512 ​ As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the balances due from Qingdao Huiju, the Company’s equity method investee, are related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payment terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year. As of December 31, 2021, the balances due from Guangzhou Huanglong Information Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company’s equity method investee, are related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payment terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest and expected to be repaid in one year. Henan Hongguang Olympic Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Hongguang”) is the non-controlling shareholder of Henan Renxin (Note1), one of the Company’s subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, the balance due from Henan Hongguang is related to advances for operational needs without any fixed payment terms. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid in one year. Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Meihang”) is the non-controlling shareholder of Zhengzhou Hangmei Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Zhengzhou Hangmei”), one of the Company's subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021, the balances due from Meihang are US$2,789,265 and US$2,854,538, respectively, which have a three year payment term, and bear interest at 11.5%. In 2020, Meihang together with Zhengzhou Hangmei entered into an agreement with the Company in which all parties had agreed that the interest relating to the payable balance to be ceased from accrual thereafter. In 2021, the Company received interest amounting to nil. Accrued interest amounted to nil and nil as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the balance due from Madison Development Limited, an equity method investee, amounting to US$33,768,281 is related to advances for operational needs. This balance is unsecured, bears interest at 15%, and has no fixed repayment term. Accrued interest amounted to US$15,964,313 as of December 31, 2021. On September 12, 2017, the Company sold 80% of its equity interest in Suzhou Wanzhuo to four non-affiliated passive investors for an aggregate cash consideration of US$23,687,327. Pursuant to the updated articles of association, the Company still exercises control over the relevant principal activities of Suzhou Wanzhuo and therefore, continues to consolidate it in its financial statements. As of December 31, 2021, the balances due from the non-controlling interest holders amounting to US$32,032,079 are related to advances for working capital funds. The balances are in the form of an unsecured interest bearing loan, which has no fixed payment terms, and bears interest at 4.75%. Accrued interest is immaterial as of December 31, 2021. On December 1, 2017, the Company together with seven other non-affiliated companies acquired 100% of Taicang Pengchi for an aggregate cash consideration of US$28,836,311. The Company accounted for the acquisition of Taicang Pengchi as an asset acquisition because the only asset of Taicang Pengchi is the land. Pursuant to the articles of association, the Company exercises control over the relevant significant activities of Taicang Pengchi and therefore, consolidates it in its financial statements. As of December 31, 2021, the balance due from the non-controlling interest holders amounting to US$22,194,420 are related to advances for working capital funds. The balances are in the form of an unsecured interest bearing loan, which has no fixed payment terms, and bears no interest. As of December 31, 2021, the balance due from Suzhou Yefang amounting to US$12,546,073 is related to advances for working capital funds. This balance is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be repaid over one year. In evaluating the collectability of the amounts due from related parties balance, the Group considers many factors, including the related parties’ repayment history and their credit-worthiness. An allowance for doubtful accounts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. For the periods presented, based on management’s evaluation, no allowance of credit loss was provided. (b) Amounts due to related party ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current: Suzhou Yefang’s non-controlling interest holders ​ 1,632,968 ​ 1,771,522 Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest shareholders 16,272,639 2,961,668 Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd. ​ 2,632,678 ​ 2,694,286 Henan Qingning Apartment Management Co., Ltd. ​ 444,409 ​ 12,045,693 Suzhou Kairongchen Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ — ​ 44,995,530 Others ​ 10,529,235 ​ 12,593,656 Total current amounts due to related party 31,511,929 77,062,355 Non current: ​ ​ Henan Qingning Apartment Management Co., Ltd. 10,728,133 10,979,186 Total 42,240,062 88,041,541 ​ As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, Suzhou Wanzhuo’s non-controlling interest shareholders advanced US$2,397,436 and nil of working capital funds in aggregate to Suzhou Wanzhuo in the form of an unsecured interest-bearing loan, which has no fixed payment terms, and bears annual interest from 4.25% to 4.75%, respectively. Accrued interest amounted to US$10,981,256 and nil as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The remaining advance amounting to US$2,961,668 for shareholder service is unsecured, bears no interest, and is expected to be paid in one year. On June 6, 2018, the Company together with 4 other non-affiliated companies acquired 100% of Suzhou Yefang for an aggregate cash consideration of US$15,615,240. The Company accounted for the acquisition of Suzhou Yefang as an asset acquisition because the only asset of Suzhou Yefang is the land. Pursuant to the articles of association, the Company exercises control over the relevant significant activities of Suzhou Yefang and therefore, consolidates it in its financial statements. Meihang is the non-controlling shareholder of Zhengzhou Hangmei, one of the Company’s subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021, Meihang advanced US$2,632,678 and US$2,694,286 of working capital funds to Zhengzhou Hangmei in the form of an unsecured interest (10%) bearing loan with a three year payment term. In 2021, the Company repaid interest amounting to nil. Accrued interest amounted to nil and nil as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (c) Amounts due from employees ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Advances to employees 529,055 1,550,469 ​ The balance represents cash advances to employees for traveling expenses and other expenses. The balances are unsecured, bear no interest and have no fixed payment terms. (d) Others In 2018, the Company sold a small percentage of the equity interests (ranging from 0.50% to 5.54%) in eight real estate project companies to senior management and employees for a total consideration of US$8,720,772. In 2019, the Company sold an additional percentage of the equity interests in the eight real estate project companies to senior management and employees for a total consideration of US$604,914 and the total sold equity interests ranges from 0.57% to 5.59% as of December 31, 2019. According to the equity transfer agreement, the Company is obligated to repurchase the equity interest back from management. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as a liability. In 2019, the Company sold 6.03% of the equity interests in one real estate project company to senior management and employees for a total consideration of US$1,300,135. According to the equity transfer agreement, the Company is obligated to repurchase the equity interest back from management. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as a liability. For the year ended December 31, 2021, total directors’ remuneration amounted to US$6,245,522 (2019: US$7,036,954; 2020: US$6,447,214).

Equity

Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Equity
Equity	19. Equity (i) As at December 31, 2021, the Company’s authorized share capital was 500 million common shares, par value US$0.0001 per share (December 31, 2020: 500 million common shares). (ii) During the year ended December 31, 2021, no common shares were repurchased. (iii) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company distributed fourth quarter 2020 dividends of US$0.025 per common share to common shareholders amounting to a total of US$4,055,664. All other equity transactions have been disclosed in consolidated statement of changes in shareholders' equity.

Earnings per share

Earnings per share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings per share
Earnings per share	20. Earnings per share Basic and diluted net earnings per share for each period presented are calculated as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2019 ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ US$ US$ Numerator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. Shareholders - basic and diluted 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Denominator: ​ ​ ​ Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic* 113,482,239 107,558,506 107,283,420 Stock options 618,657 10,674 — Restricted stock units — — — Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted 114,100,896 107,569,181 107,283,420 Basic earnings per share 0.60 (0.75) (3.89) Diluted earnings per share 0.60 (0.75) (3.89) * The restricted shares repurchased by the trustee that are unvested are excluded from the number of shares outstanding for purposes of computing basic earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260. However, these unvested restricted shares are factored into the computation of diluted earnings per share using the treasury stock method. During the year ended December 31, 2021, nil (2019: nil; 2020: nil) stock options, and 81,035 (2019: 876,400; 2020: 803,427) RSUs were excluded from the calculation of earnings per share, respectively, because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Segment reporting

Segment reporting	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment reporting
Segment reporting	21. Segment reporting The Group’s long-lived assets and revenue are mainly located in and derived from PRC. Starting in 2012, a relatively smaller portion of the Group’s long-lived assets and revenue are located in and derived from the United States. The Group considers that each of its individual property developments is a discrete operating segment. The Group has aggregated its segments on a geographical basis as property development projects undertaken within a region having similar expected economic characteristics, type of properties offered, customers and market and regulatory environment. The Group’s reportable operating segments are comprised of Henan Region, Shandong Region, Shanghai Region (including Shanghai and Jiangsu Province), Sichuan Region, Beijing Region (including Beijing and Tianjin), Hainan Region, Hunan Region, Shaanxi Region, Guangdong Region, Hubei Region, and Liaoning Region in PRC; and the United States. Each geographic operating segment is principally engaged in the construction and development of residential real estate units. The “property management” category relates to property management services. The “other” category relates to investment holdings, landscaping, engineering and management, real estate sale, purchase and lease activities. The accounting policies of the various segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”. The Group’s chief operating decision maker relies upon net sales, gross profit and net income when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. Net sales for geographic segments are generally based on the location of the project development. Net income for each segment includes net sales to third parties, related cost of sales and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment. Capital expenditures for each segment includes cost for acquisition of subsidiaries, vehicles, and fixtures and furniture. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Summary information by operating segment is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2019 Henan Shandong Shanghai Sichuan Beijing Hainan Hunan Shaanxi United States Guangdong Hubei Liaoning Property Management Others Consolidated ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Net real estate sales 1,382,533,759 275,120,959 279,731,401 85,189,227 126,540,125 43,820,016 ​ 157,938,663 6,917,948 750,000 9,738,197 ​ — ​ 18,621,886 ​ — 129,387 2,387,031,568 Real estate lease income 6,630,994 321,819 2,920,280 728,016 657,451 — ​ 135,279 3,301,027 893,982 — ​ — ​ — ​ 483,944 55,979 16,128,771 Real estate management services income 7,578,862 — — — — — ​ — 2,783,091 — — ​ — ​ — ​ 57,126,216 — 67,488,169 Other revenue 151,102 700,044 823,150 1,063,557 3,269,965 — ​ 583,737 — 296,091 — ​ — ​ — ​ 1,187,948 3,908,710 11,984,304 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total revenue 1,396,894,717 276,142,822 283,474,831 86,980,800 130,467,541 43,820,016 ​ 158,657,679 13,002,066 1,940,073 9,738,197 ​ — ​ 18,621,886 ​ 58,798,108 4,094,076 2,482,632,812 Cost of real estate sales (1,082,472,232) (220,925,677) (201,704,497) (81,765,082) (92,849,397) (31,764,435) ​ (110,346,111) (6,510,485) (1,444,563) (6,821,557) ​ (23,397) ​ (13,440,458) ​ — (1,751,402) (1,851,819,293) Cost of real estate lease income (2,348,963) (561,264) (2,565,142) (799,359) (481,276) — ​ (1,693,085) (2,913,152) (1,348,218) — ​ — ​ — ​ — (46,792) (12,757,251) Cost of real estate management services (4,716,112) — — — — — ​ — (561,329) — — ​ — ​ — ​ (35,611,790) — (40,889,231) Other costs (2,449,683) (1,267,950) — (3,672) (4,794,719) (2,192) ​ (362,009) — — — ​ — ​ — ​ (1,124,118) (6,853,073) (16,857,416) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total cost of revenue (1,091,986,990) (222,754,891) (204,269,639) (82,568,113) (98,125,392) (31,766,627) ​ (112,401,205) (9,984,966) (2,792,781) (6,821,557) ​ (23,397) ​ (13,440,458) ​ (36,735,908) (8,651,267) (1,922,323,191) Gross profit 304,907,727 53,387,931 79,205,192 4,412,687 32,342,149 12,053,389 46,256,474 3,017,100 (852,708) 2,916,640 (23,397) ​ 5,181,428 ​ 22,062,200 (4,557,191) 560,309,621 Operating expenses (70,839,873) (14,770,303) (18,080,374) (8,011,273) (73,333,124) (2,514,263) (3,991,323) (5,808,638) (9,414,601) (1,966,796) (3,429,583) ​ (2,801,220) ​ (7,076,960) (28,409,288) (250,447,619) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income/(loss) 234,067,854 38,617,628 61,124,818 (3,598,586) (40,990,975) 9,539,126 42,265,151 (2,791,538) (10,267,309) 949,844 (3,452,980) ​ 2,380,208 ​ 14,985,240 (32,966,479) 309,862,002 Interest income 42,379,712 436,165 306,228 493,469 2,241,516 3,208 182,529 12,795 48,285 13,533 1,695 ​ 13,240 ​ 681,464 4,679,756 51,493,595 Interest expense (14,805,529) (3,061,587) (1,066,270) — (7,385,692) (11,507) — (138,107) (3,472,559) — — ​ — ​ — (83,834,109) (113,775,360) Net realized gain on short-term investments 183,450 — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ — 2,891,564 3,075,014 Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee (1,370,440) (922,281) (613,155) — — — — — — (2,903,841) — ​ — ​ (630,775) 1,024,021 (5,416,471) Loss on extinguishment of debt (8,044,499) — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ — (536,011) (8,580,510) Exchange gains/(loss) 12,524,863 — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ (236,736) (19,664,136) (7,376,009) Unrealized loss on short-term investments — — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ — (1,623,814) (1,623,814) Other income/(loss) 4,536,260 866 47,762 246,927 909,298 156,235 (17,844) (199,670) — (289,485) — ​ 64,155 ​ 124,295 269,928 ​ 5,848,727 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income/(loss) before income taxes 269,471,671 35,070,791 59,799,383 (2,858,190) (45,225,853) 9,687,062 42,429,836 (3,116,520) (13,691,583) (2,229,949) (3,451,285) ​ 2,457,603 ​ 14,923,488 (129,759,280) 233,507,174 Income tax(expense)/ benefit (69,803,421) (23,020,472) (28,043,624) (2,864,732) (9,456,395) (4,643,587) (16,123,072) 2,210,548 2,921,151 (1,017,315) 704,284 ​ (717,299) ​ (241,601) (382,837) (150,478,372) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) 199,668,250 12,050,319 31,755,759 (5,722,922) (54,682,248) 5,043,475 26,306,764 (905,972) (10,770,432) (3,247,264) (2,747,001) ​ 1,740,304 ​ 14,681,887 (130,142,117) 83,028,802 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization 5,553,392 433,948 2,622,483 635,494 2,732,083 29,414 1,668,279 1,873,910 1,665,384 41,616 46,012 ​ 16,987 ​ 189,503 75,938 17,584,443 Capital expenditure 6,263,956 64,816 2,579 26,254 1,142,809 3,712 44,058 16,761 3,579,071 — 4,821 ​ 25,188 ​ 352,073 119,575 11,645,673 Real estate properties development completed 133,572,883 34,351,045 106,796,363 64,327,235 60,683,848 6,627,299 7,540,854 43,103,208 1,201,783 — — ​ — ​ — — 458,204,518 Real estate properties under development 886,160,682 359,079,121 123,381,923 619,020,458 266,984,229 — 6,433,260 162,947,850 230,860,737 372,170,620 141,707,492 ​ 58,153,297 ​ — 27,488,080 3,254,387,749 Real estate properties held for lease 109,809,942 6,954,550 40,675,960 34,515,933 7,520,601 888,150 60,967,850 91,474,049 162,599,274 — — ​ — ​ — 462,599 515,868,908 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total long-lived assets 524,367,010 509,819,916 183,400,846 44,244,900 61,281,191 6,664,536 62,686,470 100,419,560 176,115,157 18,237,255 934,102 ​ 1,084,510 ​ 8,335,524 79,010,347 1,776,601,324 Total assets 2,882,024,764 573,869,426 752,136,052 897,210,854 470,434,500 27,393,755 107,134,983 338,107,052 439,770,834 414,319,137 148,165,478 ​ 73,223,300 ​ 106,315,123 191,559,175 7,421,664,433 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 Henan Shandong Shanghai Sichuan Beijing Hainan Hunan Shaanxi United States Guangdong Hubei Liaoning ​ Property Management ​ Others Consolidated ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ US$ Net real estate sales 766,314,384 285,706,736 120,260,357 222,959,432 62,401,289 10,084,944 27,721,542 10,991,930 927,700 47,787,761 — 49,168,045 567,819 ​ — 1,604,891,939 Real estate lease income 26,054,475 (965,131) 772,402 379,175 695,548 — 741,527 2,353,682 4,723,438 — — — — ​ 37,369 34,792,485 Real estate management services income 7,606,378 — — — — — — 2,358,631 — — — — 81,243,298 ​ — 91,208,307 Other revenue (1,004,342) 127,190 3,068,486 511,576 2,144,591 7,288 526,852 (116,072) 605,337 — — — 7,236,334 ​ 1,763,220 14,870,460 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total revenue 798,970,895 284,868,795 124,101,245 223,850,183 65,241,428 10,092,232 28,989,921 15,588,171 6,256,475 47,787,761 — 49,168,045 89,047,451 ​ 1,800,589 1,745,763,191 Cost of real estate sales (639,601,377) (260,651,654) (93,074,146) (214,523,020) (45,575,813) (5,503,574) (4,404,236) (14,731,175) (778,663) (34,034,932) (23,616) (38,572,816) (505,804) ​ — (1,351,980,826) Cost of real estate lease income (27,204,779) (292,726) (736,537) ​ (606,323) (805,353) (44,900) (1,046,888) (1,623,994) (3,740,076) — (19,723) — — ​ (798) (36,122,097) Cost of real estate management services (6,675,680) — — (13,189) — — (4,957) (1,707,785) — — — — (47,036,367) ​ — (55,437,978) Other costs (1,145,928) (39,105) (123,291) (111,879) (711,424) (226) (272,479) — — (2,152) — — (6,885,687) ​ (463,371) (9,755,542) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total cost of revenue (674,627,764) (260,983,485) (93,933,974) (215,254,411) (47,092,590) (5,548,700) (5,728,560) (18,062,954) (4,518,739) (34,037,084) (43,339) (38,572,816) (54,427,858) ​ (464,169) (1,453,296,443) Gross profit 124,343,131 23,885,310 30,167,271 8,595,772 18,148,838 4,543,532 23,261,361 (2,474,783) 1,737,736 13,750,677 (43,339) 10,595,229 34,619,593 ​ 1,336,420 292,466,748 Operating expenses (59,958,497) (15,211,169) (10,679,950) (7,677,029) (73,902,008) (1,355,382) (1,608,076) (4,061,452) (6,198,996) (3,423,234) (1,391,277) (4,897,483) (9,390,896) ​ (27,707,634) (227,463,083) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain on disposal of property held for lease ​ 82,805,785 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — 82,805,785 Operating income/(loss) 147,190,419 8,674,141 19,487,321 918,743 (55,753,170) 3,188,150 21,653,285 (6,536,235) (4,461,260) 10,327,443 (1,434,616) 5,697,746 25,228,697 ​ (26,371,214) 147,809,450 Interest income 23,921,003 1,919,529 2,068,141 1,288,256 103,788 4,817 38,096 8,130 41,143 44,417 885 31,849 755,677 ​ 3,179,879 33,405,610 Interest expense (14,568,255) (3,043,955) (987,612) (18,381,805) (3,659,832) — — — (5,316,337) — — — (5,708) ​ (83,523,901) (129,487,405) Net realized gain on short-term investments 183,450 — — — — — — — — — — — — ​ 4,869,494 5,052,944 Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee (3,539,268) 11,483,448 7,795,833 — — — — 67,698 — (1,602,617) — — (152,121) ​ 2,975,328 17,028,301 Loss on extinguishment of debt — — — — — — — — — — — — — ​ (1,843,306) (1,843,306) Exchange gains/(loss) 1,987,139 — — — — — — — — — — — 100,523 ​ (5,181,569) (3,093,907) Unrealized loss on short-term investments — — — — — — — — — — — — — ​ — — Other income/(loss) (4,041,056) 90,325 (415,481) (8,773) 684,530 43,136 43,576 289,746 — 52,058 12,620 7,341 934,711 ​ 1,010,890 (1,296,377) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income/(loss) before income taxes 151,133,432 19,123,488 27,948,202 (16,183,579) (58,624,684) 3,236,103 21,734,957 (6,170,661) (9,736,454) 8,821,301 (1,421,111) 5,736,936 26,861,779 ​ (104,884,399) 67,575,310 Income tax (expense)/benefit (36,907,073) (12,299,796) (39,723,025) 2,875,576 (8,431,043) (4,482,485) (14,391,424) 589,659 — (9,482,301) (2,458,177) (2,591,042) (8,191,925) ​ 433,866 (135,059,190) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) 114,226,359 6,823,692 (11,774,823) (13,308,003) (67,055,727) (1,246,382) 7,343,533 (5,581,002) (9,736,454) (661,000) (3,879,288) 3,145,894 ​ 18,669,854 ​ (104,450,533) (67,483,880) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization 5,814,086 887,005 2,556,696 631,421 5,832,130 56,888 174,291 20,375 46,680 17,042 1,234,539 232,220 ​ — ​ — 17,503,373 Capital expenditure 8,655,565 — 15,874 5,106 716,935 — — — — — — 376,871 ​ 1 ​ — 9,770,352 Real estate properties completed and under development 897,218,594 240,527,766 215,890,331 547,932,945 ​ 378,408,484 2,162,115 12,433,669 224,821,947 283,124,970 395,376,646 165,423,590 52,622,159 ​ — ​ 33,885,876 3,449,829,092 Real estate properties held for lease 74,613,257 7,126,028 35,512,059 36,262,110 8,438,206 — 66,684,905 96,083,662 157,975,249 — — — ​ — ​ 412,731 483,108,207 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total long-lived assets 526,045,585 553,491,246 133,733,839 46,741,993 50,734,107 5,863,831 75,248,369 105,461,495 171,374,723 23,549,642 566,337 930,819 ​ 9,062,110 ​ 365,609,346 2,068,413,442 Total assets 2,838,641,480 602,982,670 751,266,943 734,426,656 473,659,055 23,560,573 92,009,978 362,198,503 474,896,649 478,343,726 175,174,331 73,164,781 ​ 160,332,607 ​ 428,665,624 7,669,323,576 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2021 Henan Shandong Shanghai Sichuan Beijing Hainan Hunan Shaanxi United States ​ Guangdong ​ Hubei ​ Liaoning ​ Property Management ​ Others ​ Consolidated ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net real estate sales 338,195,148 174,353,777 135,072,403 128,609,911 313,960,495 — 8,271,910 166,007,116 23,325,750 68,681,906 118,952 35,642,637 — — ​ 1,392,240,005 Real estate lease income 9,344,804 665,170 1,339,557 532,240 371,919 — 1,223,472 3,251,637 2,980,504 — 13,482 — — 58,559 ​ 19,781,344 Real estate management services income 6,746,892 — — — — — — 2,793,044 — — — — 100,282,270 — ​ 109,822,206 Other revenue 2,851,496 16,356 2,030,340 121,935 2,851,344 413 838,306 — 3,107,481 507,500 — 52,439 1,796,616 ​ ​ 14,174,226 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total revenue 357,138,340 175,035,303 138,442,300 129,264,086 317,183,758 413 10,333,688 172,051,797 29,413,735 69,189,406 132,434 35,695,076 102,078,886 58,559 ​ 1,536,017,781 Cost of real estate sales (369,888,568) (176,289,676) (125,086,848) (163,249,870) (250,046,777) — (9,214,046) (142,797,184) (32,460,834) (58,588,051) (25,726) (31,696,836) — ​ ​ (1,359,344,416) Cost of real estate lease income (15,658,378) (611,378) (193,442) (404,647) (542,152) — (1,206,177) (62,840) (3,740,076) — — — — (19,090) ​ (22,438,180) Cost of real estate management services (3,708,523) — — — — — — (4,321,229) — — — — (65,948,453) — ​ (73,978,205) Other costs (1,320,332) (16,170) (111,927) (1,354,318) (5,762,646) — (742,247) — — (2,172,592) — (61,703) (778,129) — ​ (12,320,064) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total cost of revenue (390,575,801) (176,917,224) (125,392,217) (165,008,835) (256,351,575) — (11,162,470) (147,181,253) (36,200,910) (60,760,643) (25,726) (31,758,539) (66,726,582) (19,090) ​ (1,468,080,865) Gross profit (33,437,461) (1,881,921) 13,050,083 (35,744,749) 60,832,183 413 (828,782) 24,870,544 (6,787,175) 8,428,763 106,708 3,936,537 35,352,304 39,469 ​ 67,936,916 Operating expenses (67,226,888) (10,880,365) (19,136,811) (8,500,877) (80,605,508) (310,883) (1,059,651) (9,182,945) (7,223,166) (10,540,700) (1,273,031) (4,700,371) (8,869,355) (24,468,860) ​ (253,979,411) Impairment losses on goodwill and intangible assets ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ (18,651,259) ​ (18,651,259) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating (loss) /income (100,664,349) (12,762,286) (6,086,728) (44,245,626) (19,773,325) (310,470) (1,888,433) 15,687,599 (14,010,341) (2,111,937) (1,166,323) (763,834) 26,482,949 (43,080,650) ​ (204,693,754) Interest income 18,709,958 (126,051) 348,282 728,264 249,117 25,957 7,576 254,323 1,610 33,242 202 23,321 2,421,863 5,619,160 ​ 28,296,824 Interest expense (12,070,505) (5,794,489) (910,853) (26,416,301) (2,078,190) — — (8,046,152) (15,736,448) (358,532) — — (64,549) (111,922,753) ​ (183,398,772) Net realized loss on short-term investments — — — — — — — — — — — — — (30,203,357) ​ (30,203,357) Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee 1,090,507 (1,873,472) 1,052,997 — — — — — — (4,010,602) — — (1,004,547) (18,600,648) ​ (23,345,765) Exchange (loss) /gains (20,163,471) — (21) — — — — — — — — — (203,338) 10,659,367 ​ (9,707,463) Other (loss) /income (2,110,256) 3,336,726 144,617 138,413 (644,101) (36,650) 205,877 381,157 17,770 (1,434,297) 1,789 (46,098) 942,072 1,612,626 ​ 2,509,645 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Loss) /income before income taxes (115,208,116) (17,219,572) (5,451,706) (69,795,250) (22,246,499) (321,163) (1,674,980) 8,276,927 (29,727,409) (7,882,126) (1,164,332) (786,611) 28,574,450 (185,916,255) ​ (420,542,642) Income tax benefit/ (expense) 43,657,150 (3,885,809) (4,274,715) 12,936,548 (21,349,169) 1,431,319 (3,023,380) (9,366,699) (144,962) (1,674,207) (1,926,116) (1,471,006) (4,832,629) 1,204,203 ​ 7,280,528 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) (71,550,966) (21,105,381) (9,726,421) (56,858,702) (43,595,668) 1,110,156 (4,698,360) (1,089,772) (29,872,371) (9,556,333) (3,090,448) (2,257,617) 23,741,821 (184,712,052) ​ (413,262,114) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization 6,842,628 914,765 198,149 1,130,049 3,942,986 — — 1,934,681 1,037,064 12,193 48,721 19,401 526,727 1,660,151 ​ 18,267,515 Capital expenditure 1,965,626 — — 5,261 1,076,187 — — 576 241,312 — — 17,091 668,407 (3,869,649) ​ 104,811 Real estate properties completed and under development ​ 909,477,150 116,698,109 105,042,744 527,858,832 173,273,166 — 3,312,065 45,339,962 307,041,456 398,158,018 190,450,736 59,279,630 — 33,690,834 ​ 2,869,622,702 Real estate properties held for lease 72,022,044 4,133,570 36,147,355 36,470,962 8,510,518 ​ 59,903,607 96,574,698 126,157,420 — — — — 380,197 ​ 440,300,371 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total long-lived assets 431,132,864 517,720,952 138,953,401 49,540,764 46,722,553 5,813,925 75,895,086 107,098,269 139,099,651 53,982,579 920,192 773,073 15,628,394 77,178,239 ​ 1,660,459,942 Total assets 2,279,523,193 416,680,530 600,814,871 710,687,239 313,031,361 11,747,496 82,923,478 289,048,826 468,517,290 568,073,393 196,509,533 69,505,369 176,825,788 262,390,923 ​ 6,446,279,290 ​

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and contingencies.
Commitments and contingencies	22. Commitments and contingencies Other commitments As of December 31, 2021, the Group had outstanding commitments with respect to non-cancellable construction contracts for real estate development and land use rights purchases as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 748,764,936 2023 421,155,686 2024 252,243,792 2025 86,720,580 2026 and thereafter 9,886,553 Total 1,518,771,547 ​ Contingencies As of December 31, 2021, the Group provided guarantees of US$2,156,348,238 (2020: US$2,306,911,350), in favor of its customers in respect of mortgage loans granted by banks to such customers for their purchases of the Group’s properties where the underlying real estate ownership certificates can only be provided to the banks on a time delay manner due to administrative procedures in PRC. Pursuant to the terms of the guarantees, upon default in mortgage payments by these purchasers, the Group is responsible to repay the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty owed by the defaulted purchasers to the bank and the Group is entitled to take over the legal titles and possession of the related properties. The Group’s guarantee period starts from the date of grant of the relevant mortgage loan and ends upon issuance of real estate ownership certificate which will generally be available within six to twelve months after the purchaser takes possession of the relevant property. The Group paid US$$1,782,038, US$4,557,522, and US$3,723,398 to satisfy guarantee obligations related to customer defaults for the years ended December 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The fair value of the guarantees is not significantly different than the net realizable value of the properties and management considers that in case of default in payments, the net realizable value of the related properties can cover the repayment of the outstanding mortgage principal together with the accrued interest and penalty and therefore no provision has been made for the guarantees. In May 2019, an authorized entity of local government (the “Government Entity”) sued Beijing Huiju, the original controlling and existing shareholder of one of the Group’s equity method investees, Qingdao Huiju, for disputes in a construction contract entered into between the Government Entity and Beijing Huiju. The Government Entity also claimed that Qingdao Huiju is jointly liable for the aforementioned construction contract and a commitment letter issued by Beijing Huiju, and sued both Beijing Huiju and Qingdao Huiju to be jointly and severally liable to a liquidated damage of US$230.9 million stipulated in the commitment letter. Qingdao Huiju received the local court verdict of the first instance in April 2020 which held that Qingdao Huiju shall be jointly and severally liable to the liquidated damages of US$230.9 million, and court costs of US$1,167,369. Qingdao Huiju appealed to the verdict in April 2020. In September 2020, the High Court of Shandong Province affirmed the local court verdict. Management noted that the assets that are currently subject to the preservation and enforcement actions taken by the court upon the application of the plaintiff do not involve the Company’s interests in Qingdao Huiju and management does not expect the legal proceedings mentioned above will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s interests in Qingdao Huiju based on current progress. At December 31, 2021, the Group provided financial guarantees for bank loans of four of its equity method investees. The Group could incur losses in the event of defaults under or foreclosure of these loans and its maximum exposure to credit losses is US$284,329,564 (2020: US$250,425,294). The fair value of the guarantees is not significant and the Group considers that in case of default in payments, the net realizable value of the related properties can cover the repayment of the outstanding bank loans together with the accrued interest and penalty and therefore, no provision has been made for the guarantees in the consolidated financial statements. In December 2016, 421 Kent Development LLC (“421 Kent”), the property company for the Group’s Oosten project, terminated its contract with its general contractor. The general contractor and various subcontractors have filed lawsuits against 421 Kent and the Company for approximately US$22.0 million, in aggregate, plus punitive damages. In addition, the general contractor filed mechanic’s liens against 421 Kent and the Company for approximately US$8.0 million. On December 20, 2021, 421 Kent, the general contractor, and a subcontractor asserting claims against the general contractor attended a mediation and executed a three-way confidential settlement agreement resolving all disputes and controversies. As of the date of this annual report, 421 Kent has paid US$1,300,000 pursuant to a negotiated settlement and has been released from all claims and liens against it and the Company.

Concentration of risk

Concentration of risk	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Concentration of risk
Concentration of risk	23. Concentration of risk The Group’s financial instruments potentially subject to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, other receivables and amounts due from related parties. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, substantially all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were held in major financial institutions located in China, Hong Kong SAR and the United States, which management consider being of high credit quality. In the event of bankruptcy of one of these financial institutions, the Group may not be able to claim its cash and demand deposits back in full. The Group continues to monitor the financial strength of the financial institutions. The Group does not have requiement for collateral for the balance of other receivables and amounts due from related parties while considers various factors in establishing, monitoring the financial instruments, including the aging of receivables and aging trends, customer creditworthiness. repayment history and credit-worthiness. The Group’s operations are conducted mainly in PRC. Starting in 2012, a relatively smaller portion of the Group’s operations is conducted in the United States. Accordingly, the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations is primarily influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in PRC and by the general state of PRC economy. The Group’s operations in PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. The Group’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things. The Group transacts most of its business in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the PBOC or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts. On July 21, 2005, PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the US$. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in a 23.0% appreciation of the RMB against the US$ from July 21, 2005 to December 31, 2021. To the extent that the Company needs to convert US$ into RMB for capital expenditures and working capital and other business purposes, appreciation of RMB against US$ would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount the Company would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if the Company decides to convert RMB into US$ for the purpose of making payments for dividends on ordinary shares, strategic acquisitions or investments or other business purposes, appreciation of US$ against RMB would have a negative effect on the US$ amount available to the Company. In addition, a significant depreciation of the RMB against the US$ may significantly reduce the US$ equivalent of the Company’s earnings or losses. The Group provides guarantees to mortgage lending banks in respect of the mortgage loans provided to the purchasers of its properties in the PRC up until completion of the registration of the mortgage with the relevant authorities, which generally occurs within six to 12 months after the purchaser takes possession of the relevant properties. If a purchaser defaults under the loan while our guarantee is in effect and the Group repays all debt owed by the purchaser to the mortgagee bank under the loan, the mortgagee bank must assign its rights under the loan and the mortgage to the Group and, after the registration of the mortgage, the Group will have full recourse to the property. In line with industry practice, the Group does not conduct independent credit checks on its customers but relies on the credit checks conducted by the mortgagee banks. As of December 31, 2021, the Group had outstanding guarantees of mortgages in the principal amount of US$2,156.3 million. If a purchaser defaults on the payment of its mortgage during the term of the guarantee, the mortgage lending bank may require the Group to repay the outstanding amount under the loan plus any accrued interest. In this event, although the Group is able to retain the customer’s deposit and sell the property to recover any amounts paid by it to the bank, there can be no assurance that the property could be sold at a price equal to or greater than the amount paid on the defaulting purchaser’s outstanding loan amount and any accrued interest thereon. The Group paid US$3.7 million to satisfy guarantee obligations related to customer defaults for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Group offers certain homebuyers seller-financing arrangements. All the homebuyers that entered into such arrangements were subject to credit verification procedures. In addition, accounts receivable balances are unsecured, but monitored on an ongoing basis via the Group’s management reporting procedures. The Group provides longer payment terms to particular home buyers after applying strict credit requirements based on the Group’s credit policy. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there is no concentration of credit risk with respect to receivables and the Group does not have a significant exposure to any individual debtor. In 2013, PRC banks tightened the conditions on which mortgage loans are extended to homebuyers. Therefore, mortgage loans for homebuyers have been subject to longer processing periods or even denied by the banks. The Group monitors its homebuyers’ outstanding mortgage loans on an ongoing basis via the Group’s management reporting procedures and took the position that contracts with underlying mortgage loans with processing periods exceeding one year shall not be considered when recognizing revenue on an over time basis (Note 2(h) for further detail). As a result, sales contracts of 233 apartments were excluded when determining revenue to be recognized in 2021. In addition, no single customer or supplier accounted for more than 10% of revenue or project expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests	24. Non-controlling interests As of December 31, 2020, the non-controlling interests consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Ownership ​ 2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ US$ Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. 34.02 % — Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd. ​ 32.50 % (44,142,857) Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18 (a)) 83.00 % (35,235,533) Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Note 18 (a.b)) 80.00 % (42,530,617) Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. 49.00 % — Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18(a.b)) 79.99 % (12,256,043) Henan Yanchuang Enterprise Management Consulting Co. Ltd ​ 49.00 % (225,290,809) Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 20.00 % (2,257,587) Others ​ ​ ​ 1,282,244 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total (360,431,202) ​ As of December 31, 2021, the non-controlling interests consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Ownership ​ 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ US$ Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. 34.02 % — Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd. 47.14 % (72,201,420) Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18 (a)) 83.00 % (36,937,776) Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Note 18 (a.b)) 80.00 % (40,429,789) Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. 49.00 % — Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18(a.b)) 79.99 % (12,542,785) Henan Yanchuang Enterprise Management Consulting Co. Ltd ​ 49.00 % — Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 20.00 % 756,256 Others ​ ​ ​ 2,224,788 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total (159,130,726) ​

Subsequent events

Subsequent events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Subsequent events
Subsequent events	25. Subsequent events The Company has not made payments in full forthe June 2022 Senior Secured Notes, at maturity on June 29, 2022. The total amount due and payable (including principal and interests) under the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes is RMB545.3 million. The Company has been in negotiation with the sole beneficial holder of the Notes, who is a third party, with a view to resolving the matter soon. The Company has also engaged Alvarez & Marsal Corporate Finance Limited and Latham & Watkins LLP to advise on its related debt matters.

Condensed financial information

Condensed financial information of the Company	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed financial information of the Company
Condensed financial information of the Company	26. Condensed financial information of the Company The condensed financial statements of Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under the PRC laws and regulations, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer certain of their net assets to the Company in the form of dividend payments, loans or advances. The amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserves, as determined pursuant to PRC generally accepted accounting principles, totaling US$962,881,800 as of December 31, 2021 (2020: US$992,290,000). Condensed Balance Sheets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31 ​ 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 2,463,042 160,209 Short-term investments ​ — ​ 70,875,668 Other receivables 189,494 21,248 Due from subsidiaries 230,448,376 49,101,879 Total current assets 233,100,912 120,159,004 Investments in subsidiaries 1,447,605,286 1,163,420,854 TOTAL ASSETS 1,680,706,198 1,283,579,858 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities PRC income tax payable 13,388 13,388 PRC other tax payable 902,190 902,190 Other payable and accrued liabilities 31,210,541 35,216,403 Current portion of long-term bank loan and other debt 606,490,929 726,734,558 Due to subsidiaries ​ — ​ 266,089,765 Payroll and welfare payables 2,622,544 525,043 Total current liabilities 641,239,592 1,029,481,347 Other long-term debt 373,994,646 — Total liabilities 1,015,234,238 1,029,481,347 Shareholders' equity ​ ​ Common shares, $0.0001 par value: ​ ​ Authorized‑500,000,000 shares, issued outstanding 16,415 16,415 Treasury shares (116,061,577) (116,061,577) Additional paid-in capital 552,215,071 544,386,509 Retained earnings 229,302,051 (174,242,836) Total shareholders' equity 665,471,960 254,098,511 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 1,680,706,198 1,283,579,858 ​ Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31 ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ General and administrative expenses (9,509,893) (7,441,398) (4,965,230) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating loss (9,509,893) (7,441,398) (4,965,230) Interest expense (107,382,764) (112,975,103) (121,289,406) Interest income 1,682,189 599,544 545,599 Net gain on debt extinguishment 536,011 — — Gain/(loss) on short-term investments ​ 27,099 ​ (27,077) ​ (1,627,139) Other expenses (20,106,250) (4,277,443) (878,154) Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net 203,098,135 43,080,569 (289,093,048) Income/(loss) from operations before income taxes 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Income taxes — — — Net income/(loss) attributable to common shareholders 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency translation adjustments (20,044,827) 67,283,263 17,818,154 Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to shareholders 48,299,700 (13,757,645) (399,489,224) ​ Condensed Statements of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31 ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income/(loss) 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: ​ ​ ​ Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net (203,098,135) (43,080,570) 289,093,048 Stock based compensation expense 3,782,307 2,848,897 1,625,318 Loss on short-term investments ​ — ​ — ​ 1,627,139 Amortization of deferred charges 7,445,276 6,024,220 — (Gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt (536,011) 5,583,578 — Other receivables 654,500 (178,566) 168,246 Other current assets 172,920 77,648 — Other payable and accrued liabilities (291,915) 7,281,565 4,000,802 Payroll and welfare payables (597,023) 402,431 1,363,218 Amount due from related parties 348,076 — — Net cash used in operating activities (123,775,478) (102,081,705) (119,429,607) Cash flows from investing activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Investment in short-term investments ​ — ​ — ​ (72,502,807) Net cash used in investing activities ​ — ​ — ​ (72,502,807) Cash flows from financing activities: ​ ​ Changes in due from subsidiaries 212,589,733 224,773,858 447,436,262 Proceeds from short-term bank loans 19,900,000 28,080,000 — Repayment of current portion of long-term bank loan and other long-term debt ​ — ​ — ​ (128,520,000) Repayments of long-term bank loans (110,311,908) (23,078,000) — Proceeds from long-term bank loans 100,440,000 — — Proceeds from other long-term debts 300,000,000 378,852,273 270,000,000 Repayment of other long-term debts (413,300,000) (508,900,000) (390,958,220) Purchase of treasury shares (26,080,876) (2,483,896) — Dividends to shareholders (19,647,356) (14,284,148) (4,055,664) Payment of financing cost (2,075,789) (7,141,511) (4,272,797) Purchase of shares under RSU plan (2,920,216) — — Proceeds from exercise of stock options 166,480 134,790 — Net cash provided by financing activities 58,760,068 75,953,366 189,629,581 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (65,015,410) (26,128,339) (2,302,833) Cash and cash equivalents, at the beginning of the year 93,606,791 28,591,381 2,463,042 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents, at end of the period 28,591,381 2,463,042 160,209 ​ (a) Basis of presentation In the company-only financial statements, the Company’s investment in subsidiaries is stated at cost plus its equity interest in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries since inception. The company-only financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company records its investment in its subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323. Such investment is presented on the balance sheet as “Investments in subsidiaries” and share of the subsidiaries’ profit or loss as “Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net” on the condensed statements of comprehensive income. The subsidiaries did not pay any dividends to the Company for the periods presented. (b) Related party transactions As of December 31, 2020, the Company had US$181,346,497 due from its wholly-owned subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had US$266,089,765 due to its wholly-owned subsidiaries. These amounts mainly reflect intercompany loans from the Company to Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. While intercompany loans have no fixed payments terms, the Company has a legal enforceable right to demand payment at any time, and Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. has the ability to repay the outstanding balance on demand. In 2013, the Company also entered into a separate loan facility agreement with XIN Development Group International Inc. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company will provide a loan facility to XIN Development for the period from July 1, 2013 to January 18, 2018 amounting to US$50,000,000 at 17.5% per annum. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has US$116,656,089 (2020: US$116,656,089) including accrued interest of US$67,554,210 (2020: US$67,554,210), due from XIN Development under this loan facility. (c) Commitments Except for those disclosed in the Company’s condensed financial information, the Company does not have significant commitments or long-term obligations as of the period end presented.

Summary of significant accoun_2

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of significant accounting policies
The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation	(a) The Company and basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, VIEs, and the subsidiaries of VIEs. All inter-company transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and cease to be consolidated from the date on which control is transferred out of the Group. Where there is a loss of control of a subsidiary, the consolidated financial statements include the results for the part of the reporting year during which the Group has control. Ruihao Rongtong Ruihao Rongtong, with registered capital of US$37.6 million (RMB250.0 million), was invested in by the Company on May 6, 2015, for the purpose of undertaking a residential property development project in Beijing. On March 1, 2016, June 28, 2016 and September 18, 2016, an unrelated trustee company, Ping An trust Co., Ltd. (“Ping An trust”) purchased 20%, 5% and 10% of the Company’s equity interest in Ruihao Rongtong, respectively, and loaned US$124.3 million (RMB862.5 million) in aggregate to the Group. On February 28, 2017, the Company repurchased the 35% equity interest of Ruihao Rongtong from Ping An trust. On May 23, 2017, Ping An trust subsequently repurchased back 35% of the Company’s equity interest in Ruihao Rongtong, and loaned US$246.8 million (RMB1.61 billion) in aggregate to the Group. As of December 31, 2018, Ruihao Rongtong had one project under construction. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the 35% of non-controlling equity interest of Ruihao Rongtong was to be repurchased by the Company in cash at the earlier of the second anniversary date, or the date the Company elected to repurchase the 35% equity interest of Ruihao Rongtong. Therefore, the non-controlling interest is mandatorily redeemable and is accounted for as liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”). On June 21, 2019, the Company repurchased the 35% equity interest of Ruihao Rongtao from Ping An trust and Ruihao Rongtong ceased to be variable interest entity(“VIE”). In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), Before June 21 2019, Ruihao Rongtong was a variable interest entity as it was not established with sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company is considered as the primary beneficiary of Ruihao Rongtong, as it has the power to direct the activities of Ruihao Rongtong that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Ruihao Rongtong through its voting interest underlying its 65% equity interest in accordance with PRC Law and the articles of association of Ruihao Rongtong. Based on the above, Ruihao Rongtong was consolidated by the Company. Yuzhouyun On March 2, 2018, the Group signed a partnership agreement with certain senior management members to form Yuzhouyun. According to the partnership agreement, the design and purpose of Yuzhouyun’s activities are to provide technical services to the Group. The Group acts as a limited partner and the senior management members are general partners. Substantially all significant activities require the approval from the senior management members. The Group and senior management members agreed to share profits at the proportion of 51% and 49%, respectively. The Group, as the limited partner, is the only party with the equity at risk to absorb losses of Yuzhouyun. Yuzhouyun’s principal activities are also to provide technical service to the Group, which indicates that Yuzhouyun’s activities are conducted on behalf of the Group. Therefore, under ASC 810, Yuzhouyun is a variable interest entity. In addition, as the senior management members are the Group’s employees, which represent a principal-agency relationship, therefore, the Group is concluded to be “most closely associated” with Yuzhouyun. Based on the above, the Group is the primary beneficiary because it has the power to direct the activities of Yuzhouyun that most significantly impact their economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Yuzhouyun. The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of Yuzhouyun are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current assets 768,166 ​ 346,637 Non-current assets 2,771,533 ​ 3,177,609 Total assets 3,539,699 ​ 3,524,246 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities 4,801,975 ​ 14,499,043 Non-current liabilities 14,099,833 ​ 13,645,560 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities 18,901,808 ​ 28,144,603 ​ The financial performance and cash flows of Yuzhouyun are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Revenue 3,525,255 ​ 1,703,972 Cost of revenue (2,529,935) ​ (3,755,276) Net loss (6,935,441) ​ (8,794,606) Net cash used in operating activities (12,982,505) ​ (13,884,957) Net cash used in investing activities (13,837) ​ (14,799) Net cash provided by financing activities 12,256,166 ​ 13,108,128 ​ As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the current liabilities of Yuzhouyun included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group amounting to US$1,928,834 and US$10,473,436, which were eliminated upon consolidation by the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the revenue of Yuzhouyun included amounts that come from the Group amounting to US$3,287,093 and US$779,795, which were eliminated upon consolidation by the Company. Yuzhouyun contributed US$238,162 and US$924,177 of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Ruizhuo Xihui In 2020, Ruizhuo Xichuang, a subsidiary of the Group, together with Ruizhuo Xihui and its registered shareholders, entered a new set of Contractual Arrangements, including the powers of attorney, the exclusive business cooperation agreement, the exclusive share purchase agreement, the equity pledge agreement, the confirmations from such Registered Shareholders and the spouse undertakings (collectively known as the “Ruizhuo Xihui VIE Agreements”). The terms of the Ruizhuo Xihui VIE Agreements indicate that the Group is the only party at risk to absorb losses of Ruizhuo Xihui. Ruizhuo Xihui’s principal activities are also to provide technical service to the Group, which indicates that Ruizhuo Xihui’s activities are conducted on behalf of the Group. In accordance with ASC 810, Ruizhuo Xihui is a variable interest entity. Based on the above, the Group is the primary beneficiary because it has the power to direct the activities of Ruizhuo Xihui that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses and the right to receive benefits from Ruizhuo Xihui. ​ The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of Ruizhuo Xihui are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Current assets 3,167,587 ​ 2,748,904 Non-current assets — ​ — Total assets 3,167,587 ​ 2,748,904 ​ ​ — ​ — Current liabilities 3,572,451 ​ 2,791,771 Non-current liabilities — ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities 3,572,451 ​ 2,791,771 ​ The financial performance and cash flows of Ruizhuo Xihui are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Revenue 81,984 ​ 451,176 Cost of revenue — ​ (26,605) Net (loss)/income (382,874) ​ 367,929 Net cash provided by operating activities 36,807 ​ 39,366 Net cash used in investing activities — ​ — Net cash used in financing activities — ​ — ​ As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, the current liabilities of Ruizhuo Xihui included amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group amounting to US$1,928,834 and US$nil, respectively, the current assets of Ruizhuo Xihui included amounts due from subsidiaries of the Group of US$3,039,549 and US$2,692,162 which were eliminated upon consolidation by the Company. Ruizhuo Xihui contributed US$81,984 and US$451,176 of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Going concern	(b) Going concern As of December 31, 2021, the Group’s short-term bank loans and other debt, and current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt amounted to US$1,566.3 million while its cash and cash equivalents amounted to US$426 million. As stipulated in the announcement dated July 19, 2022, the Company has not made payments in full for its senior notes of RMB545.5 million (“defaulted senior notes”) issued on July 3 and August 6, 2020 with a maturity date on June 29, 2022. The Company has litigations in the PRC and the contingent compensation is subject to the court verdict with estimated amount of US$37.4 million. The Company anticipates that the market conditions in the real estate sector remain under pressure in 2022, and therefore, in the absence of a sharp recovery in the market and the availability of various financing options, the Company remains cautious about its liquidity in the near term. The above events or conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which cast substantial doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. In view of such circumstances, the Directors consider that the Group has taken various measures and will have adequate funds available to enable it to operate as a going concern, taking into account the past operating performance of the Group and the following: (a) The Group has been in negotiation with the sole noteholder of the defaulted senior notes, who is a third party, to waive the default and extend the repayment for at least one year. The directors are of a view that the negotiation with the noteholder will be settled in the short term. (b) The Group continues to implement measures to accelerate the pre-sales and sales of its properties under development and completed properties, and to speed up the collection of outstanding sales proceeds. (c) Up to the date of approval of the consolidated financial statements, the Group successfully consummated an exchange offer and consent solicitation with respect to senior notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$207.7 million, which has effectively extended the maturity date to no earlier than July 2023 and waived any potential defaults, improving the liquidity of the Group. (d) Up to the date of approval of the consolidated financial statements, the Group successfully extended the maturity date of long-term loans of the aggregate principal amount of US$68.5 million to no earlier than July 2023, alleviating the pressure on liquidity within a reasonable timeframe. (e) The Group is actively negotiating with several existing financial institutions on the renewal of certain borrowings. Subsequent to December 31, 2021, the Group has also been negotiating with various banks and financial institutions to secure new sources of financing and renew of certain borrowings which amounted to US$179.9 million. (f) The Group is actively negotiating with several banks and financial institutions on the extension for repayments of certain borrowings. The Group may be able to extend the payment schedule for certain bank loans and other debts. Nevertheless, the confirmation of such extension is subject to the final approval from the banks and financial institutions. (g) The Group continues to monitor capital expenditure to balance and relieve cash resource to support operations. (h) The Group continues to take action to tighten cost controls over various operating expenses. The directors of the Company also note the following considerations, relevant to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern: - At December 31, 2021, total cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$426 million were held by the Group. - At December 31, 2021, the Group had available undrawn debt facilities of approximately US$6,003.0 million relating to remaining bank and other borrowings. The maturities of these facilities range from January 2022 to July 2025. In the event forecast cash flow is not achieved or the renewal of borrowings and public senior notes do not undergo as planned, the directors of the Company have also evaluated other plans that could be undertaken to improve their liquidity position as follow: 1) The Group could adjust their original sale plan for some residential properties and commercial buildings to an earlier stage (i.e. second half year of 2022) in order to generate additional funds not less than approximately RMB3,600 million; 2) The Group could consider selling partial equity interest of Group’s subsidiaries which have urban renewal development projects in the tier I and tier II cities after the second half of 2022. Notwithstanding the above, uncertainty exists as to whether the renewal of borrowings and public senior notes can be renewed and as to all other alternative operating and financing plans as the Group is still negotiating with its external financiers on the financing to the Group and the sales of properties depend on market conditions. Should the Group be unable to operate as a going concern, adjustments would have to be made to reduce the carrying values of the Group’s assets to their recoverable amounts, to provide for financial liabilities which might arise, and to reclassify non-current assets and non-current liabilities as current assets and current liabilities respectively, if applicable. The effects of these adjustments have not been reflected in the consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates	(c) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the selection of the useful lives of property and equipment and finance lease, allowance for estimating the allowance for credit losses associated with accounts receivables, other receivables, contract assets, short-term investments and advances to suppliers, fair values of the purchase price allocation with respect to business combinations, progress towards the completion of the performance obligation, accounting for the share-based compensation, accounting for deferred income taxes, impairment of goodwill, impairment of real estate properties under development, real estate properties held for lease and long-term investments, provision necessary for contingent liabilities and estimating the incremental borrowing rate for operating lease liabilities. Management analyzed the forecasted cash flows for the twelve months from July 29, 2022, which indicates that the Group will have sufficient liquidity from cash flows generated by operations and existing credit facilities and therefore, there will be sufficient financial resources to settle borrowings and payables that will be due through end of July 29, 2023. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Fair value of financial instruments	(d) Fair value of financial instruments Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other deposits and prepayments, due from employees, due from related parties, other receivables, long-term investments, accounts payable, customer deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank borrowings, long-term borrowings and due to related parties. The carrying amounts of the aforementioned financial instruments, except for short-term investments for which the measurement alternative was elected, long term investments and long term borrowings, approximate their fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments. The carrying amounts of the long-term borrowings approximate their fair values because the stated interest rates approximate rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable credit risk and maturities. Long-term investments have no quoted market prices and it is not practicable to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive costs. The Group reviews the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may no longer be recoverable. For long-term investments other than those accounted for under the equity method or those that result in consolidation of the investee, the Company measures equity investments at fair value and recognizes any changes in fair value in net income. However, for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the existing practical expedient in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), to estimate fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) of the investment, the Company chose to measure those investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date, the Company is required to make a qualitative assessment as to whether equity investments without a readily determinable fair value for which the measurement alternative is elected is impaired. In the event that a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value, the carrying value is written down to its fair value. A variety of factors are considered when determining if a decline in fair value is below carrying value, including, among others, the financial condition and prospects of the investee. Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets Level 2-Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place Level 3-Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity ASC 820 describes three main approaches for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset. In accordance with ASC 820, investment in marketable equity securities and investment in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) are classified as Level 1 as the Company measures the fair value using quoted trading prices that are published on a regular basis, and investment in equity securities in unlisted companies is categorized as Level 3 measured at fair value using alternative method, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price in orderly transactions.
Foreign currency translation	(e) Foreign currency translation The Group’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company is U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of PRC. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia is Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), the currency of Malaysia. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries other than those in PRC and Malaysia is U.S. dollars. Transactions by the Company’s subsidiaries in PRC which are denominated in currencies other than RMB are remeasured into RMB at the exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than RMB are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as exchange gains (losses). The consolidated financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters (“ASC 830”). PRC subsidiaries’ financial information is first prepared in RMB and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation.
Cash and cash equivalents	(f) Cash and cash equivalents The Group considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Group maintains bank accounts mainly in PRC, Hong Kong and United States. The vast majority of PRC bank balances are denominated in RMB. Hong Kong and United States bank balances are denominated in U.S. dollars. Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained with various state-owned and private banks within PRC, Hong Kong and United States. Total cash in banks (excluding restricted cash) at December 31, 2021 amounted to US$426,399,881 (December 31, 2020 US$926,809,581), of which the vast majority of deposits are not covered by insurance.
Restricted cash	(g) Restricted cash The Group is required to maintain certain deposits with banks that provide mortgage loans to the Group’s customers in order to purchase residential units from the Group. These balances are subject to withdrawal restrictions and totaled US$26,370,690 as of December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020: US$19,892,994). As of December 31, 2021, the Group held US$220,596,486 (December 31, 2020: US$83,613,204) in its restricted cash accounts, representing funds received from sales proceeds that are subject to withdrawal restrictions. The Group is also required to maintain certain deposits with banks and financial institutions that provide loans to the Group. As of December 31, 2021, the Group also held US$4,626,943 in its restricted cash accounts (December 31, 2020: US$nil) as security for its short-term loans (Note 10). As of December 31, 2021, the Group held US$41,877,755 (December 31, 2020: US$229,666,355) in its bank accounts with withdrawal restriction for its long-term loans (Note 11).
Real estate properties development completed and under development	(h) Real estate properties development completed and under development Real estate properties completed and under development consist of residential unit sites and commercial offices. The Group leases the land for the residential unit sites under land use right leases with various terms from PRC government. Real estate properties development completed and under development are stated at the lower of carrying amounts or fair value less selling costs. Expenditures for land development, including cost of land use rights, deed tax, pre-development costs and engineering costs, are capitalized and allocated to development projects by the specific identification method. Costs are allocated to specific units within a project based on the ratio of the sales value of units to the estimated total sales value times the total project costs. Costs of amenities transferred to buyers are allocated as common costs of the project that are allocated to specific units as a component of total construction costs. For amenities retained by the Group, costs in excess of the related fair value of the amenities are also treated as common costs. Results of operations of amenities retained by the Group are included in the current operating results. In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”), real estate property development completed and under development are subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. When the profitability of a current project deteriorates due to a slowdown in the sales pace, reduction of pricing or some other factor, this indicates that there may be a possible future loss on delivery and possible impairment in the recoverability of the assets. Accordingly, the assets of such project are subsequently reviewed for future losses and impairment by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for the project to the carrying value of such project. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying value, such deficit will be charged as a future loss and the asset will then be written down to its estimated fair value. The Group determines estimated fair value primarily by discounting the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset. In estimating the cash flows for a project, the Group uses various factors including (a) the expected pace at which the planned number of units will be sold, based on competitive market conditions, historical trends in sales pace and actual average selling prices of similar product offerings and any other long or short-term economic conditions which may impact the market in which the project is located; (b) the estimated net sales prices expected to be attained based on the current market conditions and historical price trends, as well as any estimated increases in future sales prices based upon the projected rate of unit sales, the estimated time gap between presale and expected delivery, the impact of government policies, the local and regional competitive environment, and certain external factors such as the opening of a subway line, school or factory; and (c) the expected costs to be incurred in the future by the Group, including, but not limited to, construction cost, construction overhead, sales and marketing, sales taxes and interest costs. The Group’s determination of fair value requires discounting the estimated cash flows at a rate commensurate with the inherent risk associated with the assets and related estimated cash flows. The discount rate used in determining each project’s fair value depends on the stage of development, location and other specific factors that increase or decrease the risk associated with the estimated cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Group recognized impairment loss of US$1,347,050 for real estate properties completed and under development (2019: Nil, 2020: US$9,641,537).
Revenue recognition	(i) Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Group also elected to exclude sales taxes and other similar taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. Therefore, revenues are recognized net of business tax and value added taxes (“VAT”). Real estate sales Revenues arising from real estate sales are recognized when or as the control of the asset is transferred to the customer. Depending on the terms of the contract and the laws that apply to the contract, control of the asset may transfer over time or at a point in time. For real estate sales contracts for which the Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, revenue is recognized over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Otherwise, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains the physical possession, the legal title, or the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the assets and the Group has a present right to a payment and the collection of the consideration is probable. The progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation is measured based on the Group's efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of the performance obligation, by reference to the contract costs incurred up to the end of reporting period as a percentage of total estimated costs for each contract. Generally, the Group receives short-term advances from its customers for real estate sales. Using the practical expedient, the Group does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. The Group also receives long-term advances from customers for real estate sales. The transaction price for such contracts is adjusted for the effects of a financing component, if long-term advances from customers are assessed as significant at the individual contract level. Real estate management services income Real estate management services income is recognized in the accounting period in which the services are rendered. The Group bills a fixed amount periodically for services provided and recognizes as revenue the amount to which the Group has a right to invoice that corresponds directly with the value of performance completed. Real estate lease income Real estate lease income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the tenancy agreements. For real estate leases, these contracts are treated as leases for accounting purposes, rather than contracts with customers subject to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Other revenue Other revenue includes services ancillary to the Group’s real estate projects, including construction service revenue and software consulting service income. Construction service revenue and software consulting service income are recognized when services are provided as the customer simultaneously benefits from the services as they are performed. Contract assets The Group pays sales commission to its real estate sales agencies for each real estate sales contract. The Group has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for costs to obtain a contract which allows the Group to immediately expense sales commissions (included under selling and distribution expenses) when the amortization period of the asset that the Group otherwise would have used is one year or less. For incremental costs of obtaining real estate sales contracts that extend beyond a one-year period, these incremental costs of obtaining real estate sales contracts are recognized as assets if the real estate sales are collectible and amortized as the Group transfers the control of the assets to customers. The Group recognized US$8.0 million and US$46.5 million of such costs in selling and distribution expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there was no impairment losses on contract assets. Contract liabilities A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). The Group’s contract liabilities are comprised of customer deposits, which are recognized as revenue when the Group performs under the contract. The following table presents the Group’s contract balances as of December 31, 2020 and 2021: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 Contract assets 28,708,229 35,104,329 Customer deposits (note 14) 952,939,384 1,162,430,468 ​ The amount of revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021 and included in the customer deposits as of December 31, 2020 is US$319,889,213.
Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses	(j ) Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”). Subsequently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief and ASU 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (collectively, the “Credit Loss ASUs”) from January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach and did not restate the comparable periods. The effect of adopting Credit Loss ASUs was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As previously Effects of ​ ​ ​ reported at ​ adoption ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ of Credit Loss ​ As adjusted at ​ ​ 2019 ​ ASUs ​ January 1, 2020 Consolidated balance sheets Accounts receivable 97,911,510 (2,829,696) 95,081,814 Other deposits and prepayments 277,463,137 (1,908,929) 275,554,208 Amounts due from related parties 200,757,623 (1,781,767) 198,975,856 Total current assets 5,645,063,109 (6,520,392) 5,638,542,717 Total assets 7,421,664,433 (6,520,392) 7,415,144,041 Total equity 791,952,022 (6,520,392) 785,431,630 ​ Accounts receivable represents the Group’s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). The Group’s accounts receivable consists of balances due from customers for the sale of residential units in the PRC and United States and real estate management service contracts. These balances are unsecured, bear no interest and are due within a year from the date of the sale. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the receivables. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses including the aging of receivables and aging trends, customer creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have ceased. As of December 31, 2021, there was US$4,811,460 (December 31, 2020: US$4,099,011) allowance for credit loss.
Other receivables	(k) Other receivables Other receivables consist of various cash advances to unrelated companies and individuals with which the Group has business relationships. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the receivables. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses including the aging of receivables and aging trends, customer creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. As of December 31, 2021, there was US$14,709,839 (December 31, 2020: US$12,609,405) allowance for credit loss.
Deposits for land use rights	(l) Deposits for land use rights Deposits for land use rights consist of upfront cash payments made to local land bureaus to secure land use rights under executed short-term or long-term land framework cooperation agreements or land use rights agreements. Deposits for land use rights are reviewed periodically as to whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Group considers the assets to be impaired if the collectability of the balances become doubtful. There were no impairment losses for any periods presented.
Other deposits and prepayments	(m) Other deposits and prepayments Other deposits and prepayments mainly consist of upfront cash payments made to third parties related to the direct negotiation model in acquiring land parcels and prepaid tax. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of other deposits The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses including the aging of other deposits and aging trends, customer creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. As of December 31, 2021, there was US$ 1,908,929 (December 31, 2020: US $1,908,929 ) allowance for credit loss.
Advances to suppliers	(n) Advances to suppliers Advances to suppliers consist of balances paid to contractors and vendors for services and materials that have not been provided or received and generally relate to the development and construction of residential units in PRC. Advances to suppliers are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Group considers the assets to be impaired if it is doubtful that the services and materials can be provided. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, there was no allowance provided.
Customer deposits	(o) Customer deposits Customer deposits consist of sales proceeds received from customers from the sale of residential units in PRC. In PRC, customers will generally obtain financing for the purchase of their residential unit prior to the completion of the project. The lending institution will provide the funding to the Group upon the completion of the financing rather than the completion of the project. The Group receives these funds and recognizes them as a customer deposit current liability until the revenue can be recognized.
Notes payable and other payables	(p) Notes payable and other payables Notes payable represents short-term bank acceptance notes issued by financial institutions that entitle the holder to receive the stated amount from the financial institutions at the maturity date of the notes. The Group has utilized notes payable to settle amounts owed to suppliers and contractors. The notes payable is non-interest bearing and is normally settled within six months. Notes payable was US$171,795,040 and US$132,450,166 as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Other payables consist of balances for non-construction costs with unrelated companies and individuals with which the Group has business relationships.
Real estate properties held for lease, net	(q) Real estate properties held for lease, net Real estate properties held for lease are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of the real estate properties held for lease are 20-60 years. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged directly to expenses as incurred. Major additions and improvements to the real estate properties held for lease are capitalized. In accordance with ASC 360, real estate properties held for lease is subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. For the periods presented, the Group did not recognize any impairment for real estate properties held for lease.
Property and equipment, net	(r) Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate aircraft 15 years Vehicles 5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Office buildings 20 ​ Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged directly to expense as incurred unless such expenditures extend the useful life or represent a betterment, in which case they are capitalized.
Long-term Investments	(s) Long-term Investments The Group’s long-term investments consist of equity method investments and equity investments without readily determinable fair value. Equity method Investments Where the Group has significant influence over the investee, the Group applies the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”). The reporting dates and accounting policies of the equity investee are the same as the Group. The investment in the equity investee is stated at cost, including the Group’s share of the equity investee’s net gain or loss, less any impairment in value. The Group recognizes in its consolidated statement of comprehensive income its share of the net income (loss) of the equity investees. The Company periodically evaluates whether declines in fair values of our investments indicate impairment and whether declines in fair value of our investments below their book value are other-than-temporary. Nonmarketable equity securities Nonmarketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable market values. On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted ASU 2016-01, pursuant to which, for equity investments without readily determinable fair value, the Group elected to use the measurement alternative to measure those investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, if any. All gains and losses on nonmarketable equity securities, realized and unrealized, are recognized in earnings. The Group performs a qualitative assessment of whether the investment is impaired at each reporting date. If a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired, the Group has to estimate the investment’s fair value in accordance with the principles of ASC 820. If the fair value is less than the investment’s carrying value, the Group recognizes an impairment loss in net income equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value.
Capitalized interest	(t) Capitalized interest The Group capitalizes interest as a component of building construction costs in accordance with ASC 835, Interest (“ASC 835”). As a result of the total interest costs capitalized during the period, the interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Amortization of issuance cost related to long-term debt 8,132,103 116,249 349,045 Interest expense of finance leases 973,842 31,286,261 45,561,734 Interest on borrowings 308,747,957 312,779,581 272,562,353 Total interest costs 317,853,902 344,182,091 318,473,132 Total interest costs capitalized (204,078,542) (214,694,686) (135,074,360) Interest expense, net 113,775,360 129,487,405 183,398,772 ​
Retirement benefits	(u) Retirement benefits Regulations in PRC require the Group to contribute to a defined contribution retirement plan for all permanent employees. Pursuant to the mandatory requirement from the local authority in PRC, the retirement pension insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance and housing fund were established for the employees during the term they are employed. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the Group is obligated to contribute for each employee an amount equal to 40%, 40% and 39%, respectively, of last year’s average salary determined by the Social Welfare Bureau. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Group recorded expense in the amount of US$20,710,982 (2019: US$20,420,474; 2020: US$11,781,673).
Distribution of earnings and reserve fund	(v) Distribution of earnings and reserve fund The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions from its subsidiaries. The earnings reflected in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries. In accordance with PRC Company Law, PRC subsidiaries are required to transfer 10% of their profit after tax, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, to the statutory surplus reserve (the “SSR”) until such reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of the subsidiaries. Subject to certain restrictions set out in PRC Company Law, the SSR may be distributed to stockholders in the form of share bonus issued to increase share capital, provided that the remaining balance after the capitalization is not less than 25% of the registered capital before capital increase.
Income taxes	(w) Income taxes The Group accounts for income tax using the balance sheet method. Deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as unutilized net operating losses. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Group is able to realize their benefits, or that future utilization is uncertain. The Group assesses its need for valuation allowances by tax reporting unit by jurisdiction. Late payment interests and penalties arising from underpayment of income taxes are recognized according to the relevant tax law. The amount of interest expense to be recognized is computed by applying the applicable statutory rate of interest to the difference between the tax position recognized and the amount previously taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interest recognized in accordance with ASC 740, Income Tax (“ASC 740”) is classified in the consolidated financial statements as interest expense, while penalties recognized in accordance with this interpretation are classified in the consolidated financial statements as other expenses. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, the Group recognizes in its consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position if a tax return’s position or future tax position is “more likely than not” to prevail (defined as a likelihood of more than fifty percent of being sustained upon audit, based on the technical merits of the tax position). Tax positions that meet the “more likely than not” threshold are measured (using a probability weighted approach) at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Group’s estimated liability for unrecognized tax benefits is periodically assessed for adequacy and may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities, certain changes and/or developments with respect to audits, and expiration of the statute of limitations. The outcome for a particular audit cannot be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of the audit and, in some cases, appeal or litigation process. The actual benefits ultimately realized may differ from the Group’s estimates. As each audit is concluded, adjustments, if any, are appropriately recorded in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Additionally, in future periods, changes in facts, circumstances, and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regards to individual tax positions. Changes in recognition and measurement estimates are recognized in the period in which the changes occur.
Land Appreciation Tax ("LAT")	(x) Land Appreciation Tax (“LAT”) In accordance with the relevant taxation laws for real estate companies of the provinces in which the subsidiaries operate in PRC, the local tax authorities levy LAT based on progressive rates ranging from 30% to 60% on the appreciation of land value, being the proceeds of sales of properties less deductible expenditures, generally including borrowing costs and relevant property development expenditures. LAT is generally prepaid based on a fixed percentage (varying by local tax jurisdiction) of customer deposits and is expensed when the related revenue is recognized.
Comprehensive income	(y) Comprehensive income Comprehensive income is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, ASC 220, Comprehensive Income (“ASC 220”), requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. For each of the periods presented, the Group’s comprehensive income includes net income/(loss) and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Advertising and promotion expenses	(z) Advertising and promotion expenses Advertising and promotion costs are expensed as incurred, or the first time the activity takes place, in accordance with ASC 720-35, Advertising Costs. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Group recorded advertising and promotion expenses of US$40,262,333 (2019: US$62,341,805; 2020: US$41,972,661).
Leases	(aa) Leases The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) from January 1, 2019 by using the modified retrospective method and did not restate the comparable periods. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients, which allows the Company to carry forward our original assessment of whether contracts contained a lease, lease classification, and the initial direct cost. Lastly, the Company elected the short-term lease exemption for all contracts with lease terms of 12 months or less. The Group determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception or modification of a contract. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means the lessee has both (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the asset. Lessee The Group categorizes leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months as either operating or finance. Finance leases are generally those leases that transfer ownership to the Group or allow the Group to purchase assets at a nominal amount by the end of the lease term. Assets acquired under finance leases are recorded in property and equipment, net and real estate properties held for lease, net. All other leases are recorded as operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets. Lease liability is recorded based the present value of the lease payments over the lease term using a discount rate at commencement date. As the implicit rate in the Group’s leases is not typically readily available, the Group uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Group could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. Leased assets are recognized based on the initial present value of the lease payments, reduced by lease incentives. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The expected lease terms are based on the non-cancelable term of the lease and may contain options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option. Finance lease assets are amortized in a manner consistent with the Group’s normal depreciation policy for owned assets. Variable lease payments not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liability calculations and are recognized in expense in the period which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Upon adoption, the Company recognized ROU assets of US$15.0 million and total lease liability (including current and non-current) of US$14.4 million for operating leases as of January 1, 2019. The impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on the Company’s opening retained earnings and net income of 2019 was insignificant. As of December 31, 2021, the Company recognized operating lease ROU assets of US$3.15 million (2020: US$8.52 million) and total lease liability US$8.91 million (2020: US$10.14 million), including current portion of US$2.06 million (2020: US$5.30 million) for operating lease and US$5.56 million (2020: US$1.69 million) for finance lease. Lessor As a lessor, the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases under ASC 842, Leases, and thus the pattern of recognition of real estate lease income remains unchanged from previous lease accounting guidance. The lease components and non-lease components are accounted for separately.
Property warranty	(ab) Property warranty The Company and its subsidiaries provide customers with assurance-type warranties which cover major defects of building structure and certain fittings and facilities of properties sold as stipulated in the relevant sales contracts. The warranty period varies from two months to three years, depending on different property components the warranty covers. The Group regularly estimates potential costs for materials and labor with regards to warranty-type claims expected to be incurred subsequent to the delivery of a property. The Group regularly monitors the warranty reserve and makes adjustments to its pre-existing warranties, if any, in order to reflect changes in trends and historical data as information becomes available. The Group may seek recourse against its contractors or any related third parties if it can be demonstrated they are at fault. In addition, the Group withholds up to 5% of the contract cost from sub-contractors for periods of two
Earnings per share	(ac) Earnings per share Earnings per share are calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share (“ASC 260”). Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. Common share equivalents consist of common shares issuable upon the exercise of the share options and vesting of restricted shares units using treasury stock method. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive. The non-vested options granted with performance conditions are excluded in the computation of diluted EPS unless the options are dilutive and unless their conditions (a) have been satisfied at the reporting date or (b) would have been satisfied if the reporting date was the end of the contingency period.
Treasury Shares	(ad) Treasury Shares The Company accounted for shares repurchased as treasury shares at cost in accordance to ASC Subtopic 505-30, Treasury Shares. When the Company decides to retire the treasury shares, the difference between the original issuance price and the repurchase price may be allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings. On July 12, 2013, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$60 million of the Company’s shares from the approval date to July 5, 2015. On December 28, 2015, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$40 million of the Company’s shares from the approval date to the end of 2017. The Board of Directors reviews the Company’s share repurchase program periodically and to adjust the amount authorized for repurchase as necessary. On March 21, 2017, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$40 million of the Company’s shares from the approval date to the end of 2019. On August 14, 2018, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$50 million of the Company’s shares from the approval date to the end of 2019. On May 20, 2019, the Board of Directors unanimously authorized management to repurchase up to US$50 million of the Company’s shares from the approval date to the end of 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a balance of 54,977,586 (2020: 54,977,586) treasury shares amounting to US$116,061,577 (2020: US$116,061,577).
Senior Secured Notes	(ae) Senior Secured Notes On February 28, 2017, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$300,000,000 due on February 28, 2021 (the “February 2021 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 7.75% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on February 28 and August 28 of each year, commencing August 28, 2017. Given that the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes. The February 2021 Senior Secured Notes were issued at a discount. On November 22, 2017 and December 1, 2017, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 and US$100,000,000 due on November 22, 2020 (the “November 2020 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 8.875% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on November 22 and May 22 of each year, commencing May 22, 2018. Given that the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes. The November 2020 Senior Secured Notes were issued at a discount. On March 19, 2018, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 due on March 19, 2020 (the “March 2020 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 9.875% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on March 19 and September 19 of each year, commencing September 19, 2018. Given that the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes. The March 2020 Senior Secured Notes were issued at a discount. On April 15, 2019 and April 26, 2019, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$200,000,000 and US$100,000,000 due on October 15, 2021 (the “October 2021 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 14.20% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing October 15, 2019. Given that the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the October 2021 Senior Secured Notes. The October 2021 Senior Secured Notes were issued at a premium. On October 15, 2021, eligible holders of the October 2021 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$207,680,000 exchanged their notes and the Company delivered new notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$205,401,000 due on October 15, 2023 (the “October 2023 Senior Secured Note”) and US$19,101,080 in cash consideration in full satisfaction of the exchange consideration to those eligible holders. The October 2023 Senior Secured Note bears interest at 14.2% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing April 15, 2022. Given that the October 2023 Senior Secured Note is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the October 2023 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the October 2023 Senior Secured Notes. The October 2023 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par. On June 29, 2020, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of RMB514.5 million (US$75 million) due on June 29, 2022 (the “June 2022 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 12.00% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on December 29 and June 29 of each year, commencing December 29, 2020. Given that the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes. The June 2022 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par. On September 17, 2020, the Company issued notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$300,000,000 due on September 17, 2023 (the “September 2023 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 14.50% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest is payable on March 17 and September 17 of each year, commencing March 17, 2021. Given that the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes. The September 2023 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par. On January 25, 2021 the Company issued a collective aggregate principal amount of US$270 million due on January 15, 2024 (the “January 2024 Senior Secured Notes”) at a coupon rate of 14.0% per annum payable semi-annually. Interest will be payable on July 25 and January 25 of each year, commencing July 25, 2021. Given that the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes under the requirements of ASC 815. The embedded redemption options and repurchase features did not qualify for derivative accounting because the embedded derivatives were considered clearly and closely related to the characteristics of the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes. The January 2024 Senior Secured Notes were issued at par. (af) Onshore corporate bonds During the periods presented, Xinyuan China issued a series of onshore corporate bonds. Given that each onshore corporate bond individually is debt in its legal form and is not a derivative in its entirety, it has been classified as other long-term debt. The Company has evaluated and determined that there was no embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from these onshore corporate bonds under the requirements of ASC 815. The onshore corporate bonds were issued at par.
Short-term investments	(ag) Short-term investments All highly liquid investments with original maturities of greater than three months, but less than 12 months, are classified as short-term investments. Investments that are expected to be realized in cash during the next 12 months are also included in short-term investments. Equity investments that have readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes recognized in gain(loss) on short-term investments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values and for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at cost with adjustments for observable changes in prices or impairments.
Assets acquisition and business combinations	(ah) Assets acquisition and business combinations Pursuant to ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), the Company determines whether a transaction or other event is a business combination by applying the definition below, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. The guidance requires an entity to first evaluate whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If that threshold is met, the set of assets and activities is not a business. If it is not met, the entity evaluates whether the set meets the definition of a business. ASC 805 defines a business as consisting of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to contribute to the creation of outputs. Inputs are defined as economic resources, while processes are defined as protocols, systems or standards. Inputs and processes create, or have the ability to contribute to the creation of, outputs. Outputs are often present in businesses but are not required to meet the definition of a business. To be considered a business under ASC 805, the acquisition of net assets must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. If the assets acquired are not a business, the reporting entity shall account for the transaction or other event as an assets acquisition. The Company accounted for its acquisitions of Suzhou Yefang, Wuhan Yinghexin and Qingdao Keda as asset acquisitions either because the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets or the acquired entities had no processes in place to apply to inputs to have the ability to create outputs. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The Group reviews goodwill for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our single reporting unit below its carrying value. Impairment losses on goodwill of US$4,355,469 (2020: US$6,400,262) and impairment loss on intangible assets of US$14,295,790 (2020: US $nil
Share-based compensation	(ai) Share-based compensation The Group has adopted ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires that share-based payment transactions with employees, such as restricted shares or stock options, be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued, and the Company has elected to recognize compensation expense using the straight-line method for all restricted shares and stock options granted with service conditions that have a graded vesting schedule. In addition, the Company recognizes share-based compensation expense net of an estimated forfeiture rate and therefore, only recognizes compensation cost for those shares expected to vest over the service period of the award. The estimation of the forfeiture rate is primarily based on historical experience of employee turnover. To the extent the Company revises this estimate in the future, the share-based payments could be materially impacted in the year of revision, as well as in the following years. The Company also has a policy of using authorized shares in the existing pool to satisfy any future exercise of share options and shares repurchased held by a third party trustee to satisfy the RSUs granted under the Company’s 2014 Restricted Stock Unit plan. For options granted with performance conditions, share-based compensation expense is recognized based on the probable outcome of the performance condition using the accelerated method over the requisite service period. A performance condition is not taken into consideration in determining fair value of the non-vested shares granted. The fair value of liabilities incurred in share-based payment transactions with employees are remeasured at the end of each reporting period through settlement. Changes in the fair value of a liability incurred under a share-based payment arrangement that occur during the requisite service period are recognized as compensation costs over that period.
Segment Reporting	(aj) Segment Reporting In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), segment reporting is determined based on how the Group’s chief operating decision maker reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the Group. According to the management approach, the Group operates in geographical segments. Therefore, each of its individual property developments is a discrete operating segment. The Group has aggregated its segments on a geographical basis as property development projects undertaken within a region have similar expected economic characteristics, type of properties offering, customers and market and regulatory environment (Note 21).
Comparative information	(ak) Comparative information Certain of the prior year comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	(al) Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU is intended to reduce complexity in the accounting for income taxes while maintaining or improving the usefulness of information provided to financial statement users. The guidance amends certain existing provisions under ASC 740 to address a number of distinct items. This standard is effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group adopted the relevant aspects of this guidance on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Group’s financial statements. ​ In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity s Own Equity. ASU 2020-06 will simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. Limiting the accounting models results in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current GAAP. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting and (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in capital. ASU 2020-06 also amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. ASU 2020-06 will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2020-06 will have on the Group’s financial statement.

Background information of bus_2

Background information of business and organization (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Background information of business and organization
Schedule of Subsidiaries and its Consolidated Variable Interest Entities	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities Subsidiary companies: Xinyuan International Property Investment Co., Ltd. Cayman Islands October 6, 2011 US$ 500,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co., Ltd. Hong Kong October 26, 2011 HK$ 3,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Development Group International Inc. United States November 10, 2011 US$ — 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. Cayman Islands January 27, 2006 US$ 50,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Development Management East, LLC United States August 28, 2012 US$ 1,000 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN NY Holding, LLC United States August 29, 2012 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 421 Kent Development, LLC United States August 29, 2012 US$ 1,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd. Hong Kong June 21, 2013 HK$ 3,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd Malaysia April 16, 2007 MYR 33,577,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd Malaysia July 9, 2014 MYR 33,217,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC December 2, 2013 US$ 60,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd. ("Xinyuan China") ​ PRC April 10, 2006 ​ US$ ​ 307,000,000 ​ 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Xinyuan") ​ PRC May 19, 1997 ​ RMB ​ 200,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC February 9, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC June 2, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 300,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd. ​ Cayman Islands December 13, 2018 ​ HKD ​ 50,000 ​ 52.86 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Property Management Service (BVI) Ltd ​ British Virgin Islands January 2, 2019 ​ USD ​ — ​ 52.86 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Property Management Service (HK) Limited ​ HK January 8, 2019 ​ HKD ​ 1 ​ 52.86 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Science and Technology Service Group Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 28, 1998 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 52.86 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. ​ PRC February 17, 2004 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 100 % Landscaping engineering and management ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 29, 2011 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. ​ PRC November 24, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 200,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 7, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 31, 2008 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co., Ltd. PRC June 12, 2007 RMB 220,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC November 9, 2009 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC November 15, 2009 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinyuan Wanzhong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Wanzhong") PRC March 4, 2008 RMB 900,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. PRC January 16, 2009 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Management consulting service ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd. PRC March 8, 2012 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co., Ltd. PRC August 10, 2012 RMB 2,000,000 100 % Leasing management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Suzhou Wanzhuo”) (Note 18(a)) PRC September 20, 2012 RMB 200,000,000 20 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC March 28, 2005 RMB 150,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 25, 2013 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC December 4, 2013 RMB 300,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd. PRC January 10, 2014 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC February 21, 2014 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC September 17, 2014 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xi'an Yinghuai Square Commerce Management Co., Ltd. PRC November 25, 2014 RMB 3,000,000 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subsidiary companies: Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC April 3, 2014 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 16, 2014 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Yinghuai Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. PRC January 5, 2015 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd. PRC May 5, 2015 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Yinghuai Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. PRC March 23, 2015 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 27, 2015 RMB 200,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center. (Limited partnership) PRC July 28, 2015 RMB 10,640,000 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC November 19, 2011 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. PRC June 22, 1998 RMB 22,500,000 65.98 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 421 Kent Holding Co, Ltd. United States May 2, 2014 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hudson 888 Owner LLC United States October 22, 2015 US$ 1,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Manhattan Holding LLC United States December 9, 2015 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hudson 888 Holding LLC United States December 9, 2015 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. PRC January 20, 2016 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Investment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities Subsidiary companies: Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 14, 2015 RMB 40,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC October 14, 2013 RMB 20,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 13, 2016 RMB 30,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hunan Erli Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 4, 2008 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ XIN Queens Holding LLC United States July 6, 2016 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Queens Theatre Holdco LLC United States July 6, 2016 US$ 1,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Queens Theatre Owner LLC United States July 6, 2016 US$ 1,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinnan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC January 21, 2016 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinyan Investment Management Co., Limited. PRC April 8, 2016 RMB 100,000,000 90 % Investment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hunan Xintian Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC September 28, 2009 RMB 20,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Hangmei Technology Development Co., Ltd. PRC November 25, 2014 RMB 50,000,000 51 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Hangmei Zhengxing Technology Co., Ltd. (1) PRC March 28, 2016 RMB 50,000,000 30 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xi’an Dingrun Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC June 1, 2011 RMB 20,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Kangshengboda Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 29, 2016 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinjiang Xinyuan Renju Equity Investment., Ltd. PRC February 24, 2017 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhuhai Prince Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC September 13, 1990 RMB 307,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Henan Renxin”) PRC July 11, 2008 RMB 200,000,000 51 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xinchuang Technology”) PRC May 2, 2017 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hangzhou Huiyuan Investment Management Partnership Enterprise. (Limited partnership) PRC May 23, 2017 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangdong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC October 18, 2017 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. (“Taicang Pengchi”) (Note 18(a)) PRC June 16, 2017 RMB 200,000,000 17 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Khorgos XinYan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. PRC December 4, 2017 RMB 5,000,000 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC May 25, 2018 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage of ​ ​ ​ ​ Registered Place ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ and Date of ​ Registered ​ Attributable ​ Principal Company Name Incorporation Capital to the Group Activities Subsidiary companies: Suzhou Yuxi Real Estate Co., Limited. PRC March 5, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 20 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinchuang Sailing (Dalian) Healthy Technology Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. PRC June 5, 2018 RMB 600,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Xinyi Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC June 26, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jiangxi Xinkai Renju Management Consulting Service., Ltd. PRC August 28, 2018 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Real estate consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Xinyuan Huicheng Technology Development Co., Ltd. PRC January 26, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Technical services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. (“Suzhou Yefang”) (Note 18(b)) PRC April 14, 2017 RMB 100,000,000 20 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chengdu Xinyuan Renju Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. (“Chengdu Renju”) PRC October 26, 2017 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chengdu Guohongteng Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC July 16, 2010 RMB 1,673,179,200 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Qingdao Keda Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Qingdao Keda”) PRC September 20, 2010 RMB 50,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Wuhan Yinghexin Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Wuhan Yinghexin”) PRC January 15, 2014 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Property Management Co., Ltd. PRC December 1, 2016 RMB 10,000,000 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subsidiary companies: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Wuhu Xinyansuifeng NO.1 Investment Center (Limited partnership) PRC November 22, 2017 RMB 1,501,000,000 100 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhuhai Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. PRC December 31, 2018 RMB 100,000,000 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Renju Building Material Co., Ltd. ​ PRC January 2, 2019 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 100 % Sales of construction material ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Xinyi Yaju Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC January 16, 2019 ​ RMB ​ 100,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangdong Xinchuang Kechuang Zhigu Development Co., Ltd. ​ PRC February 27,2019 ​ RMB ​ 100,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jiangxi Xinyuan Heju Enterprise Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd. ​ PRC April 2,2019 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing I-Journey Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.(“I-Journey”) ​ PRC October 20,2015 ​ RMB ​ 40,000,000 ​ 93 % Development and sales of robots ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruizhuo Xichuang Technology Development Co., Ltd.(“Xichuang”) ​ PRC July 16,2015 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 93 % Real estate brokerage ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruizhuo Xitou Development Co., Ltd. (“ Xitou”) ​ PRC July 16,2015 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 85 % Internet platform for real estate property financing ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Future Xinzhihui Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (“ Xinzhihui”) ​ PRC December 16,2016 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 90.67 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Future Xinhujin Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (“Xinhujin”) ​ PRC December 30,2016 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 89.5 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Future Xinruifeng Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (“Xinruifeng”) ​ PRC February 23,2017 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 77.5 % Investment holding company ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. (“Ruihao Rongtong”) ​ PRC June 15, 2006 ​ RMB ​ 250,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xintuo Real Estate Co. Ltd. ​ PRC December 8,2020 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ PRC January 8,2020 ​ RMB ​ 50,000,000 ​ 80 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinying Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ PRC May 19,2020 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Xinyuan Xinsheng Business Management Co. Ltd. ​ PRC November 2,2020 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 100 % Real estate development ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Xinsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 16,2020 ​ RMB ​ 20,000,000 ​ 100 % Leasing management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guoxin Chuangxiang (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership) ​ PRC January 2,2020 ​ RMB ​ 15,000,000 ​ 95.22 % Management consulting service ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guoxin Chuangzhi (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership) ​ PRC June 23,2020 ​ RMB ​ 135,000,000 ​ 94.41 % Management consulting service ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Chongqing Heavy Duty Vehicle Group Hong Property LLC Wulong Branch ​ PRC September 26, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Rongyao Catering Service Co., Ltd. ​ PRC September 23, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 51 % Catering services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinzhixiang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. ​ PRC May 20, 2020 ​ RMB ​ 5,000,000 ​ 100 % Electronic commerce ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Branch of Xinyuan Technology Service Group Co., Ltd. ​ PRC March 4, 2016 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd.. Xincai Branch ​ PRC November 19, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Zhengzhou Shengxin Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. ​ PRC November 10, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 51 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd.. Runan Branch ​ PRC March 18, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Dalian Branch of Xinyuan Technology Service Group Co., Ltd. ​ PRC August 3, 2018 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangzhou Yuesheng Commercial Service Co., Ltd.. Zhengzhou Branch ​ PRC March 30, 2021 ​ RMB ​ — ​ — ​ Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Kai Dao real Estate Brokerage Co., Ltd. ​ PRC September 30, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shanghai Xinqiao Trading Co., Ltd. ​ PRC March 17, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 30,000,000 ​ 100 % Property management services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Hainan Xinyuan Heju Enterprise Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd. ​ PRC September 27, 2020 ​ RMB ​ 10,000,000 ​ 100 % Management consulting services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Jinan Xinyuan Commercial Management Co., Ltd. ​ PRC December 4, 2015 ​ RMB ​ 3,000,000 ​ 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Guangzhou Xinyuan Commercial Management Co., Ltd. ​ PRC March 30, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Henan Xinyuan Hongsheng Commercial Management Co., Ltd. ​ PRC May 6, 2021 ​ RMB ​ 1,000,000 ​ 100 % Retail store ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ VIE: Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center (Limited partnership)) and its subsidiary (“Yuzhouyun”) (Note 2(a)) PRC March 2, 2018 RMB 18,388,300 51 % Technical services ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Beijing Ruizhuo Xihui Technology Development Centre Co., Ltd (Note 2(a)) PRC January 22,2017 RMB 10,000,000 1 % Technical services (1) Controlled by Zhengzhou Hangmei Technology Development Co., Ltd. which is a 51% owned subsidiary of the Group.

Summary of significant accoun_3

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of contract with customer, asset and liability	The following table presents the Group’s contract balances as of December 31, 2020 and 2021: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 Contract assets 28,708,229 35,104,329 Customer deposits (note 14) 952,939,384 1,162,430,468
Schedule of impact of adopting ASC 606 on consolidated statement of comprehensive income	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As previously Effects of ​ ​ ​ reported at ​ adoption ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ of Credit Loss ​ As adjusted at ​ ​ 2019 ​ ASUs ​ January 1, 2020 Consolidated balance sheets Accounts receivable 97,911,510 (2,829,696) 95,081,814 Other deposits and prepayments 277,463,137 (1,908,929) 275,554,208 Amounts due from related parties 200,757,623 (1,781,767) 198,975,856 Total current assets 5,645,063,109 (6,520,392) 5,638,542,717 Total assets 7,421,664,433 (6,520,392) 7,415,144,041 Total equity 791,952,022 (6,520,392) 785,431,630
Schedule of useful lives	​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate aircraft 15 years Vehicles 5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Office buildings 20
Schedule of interest expense	As a result of the total interest costs capitalized during the period, the interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Amortization of issuance cost related to long-term debt 8,132,103 116,249 349,045 Interest expense of finance leases 973,842 31,286,261 45,561,734 Interest on borrowings 308,747,957 312,779,581 272,562,353 Total interest costs 317,853,902 344,182,091 318,473,132 Total interest costs capitalized (204,078,542) (214,694,686) (135,074,360) Interest expense, net 113,775,360 129,487,405 183,398,772
Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center [Member]
Schedule of information related to VIE's	The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of Yuzhouyun are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current assets 768,166 ​ 346,637 Non-current assets 2,771,533 ​ 3,177,609 Total assets 3,539,699 ​ 3,524,246 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities 4,801,975 ​ 14,499,043 Non-current liabilities 14,099,833 ​ 13,645,560 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities 18,901,808 ​ 28,144,603 ​ The financial performance and cash flows of Yuzhouyun are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Revenue 3,525,255 ​ 1,703,972 Cost of revenue (2,529,935) ​ (3,755,276) Net loss (6,935,441) ​ (8,794,606) Net cash used in operating activities (12,982,505) ​ (13,884,957) Net cash used in investing activities (13,837) ​ (14,799) Net cash provided by financing activities 12,256,166 ​ 13,108,128 ​
RuizhuoXihui [Member]
Schedule of information related to VIE's	The carrying amounts and classifications of the assets and liabilities of Ruizhuo Xihui are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Current assets 3,167,587 ​ 2,748,904 Non-current assets — ​ — Total assets 3,167,587 ​ 2,748,904 ​ ​ — ​ — Current liabilities 3,572,451 ​ 2,791,771 Non-current liabilities — ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities 3,572,451 ​ 2,791,771 ​ The financial performance and cash flows of Ruizhuo Xihui are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Revenue 81,984 ​ 451,176 Cost of revenue — ​ (26,605) Net (loss)/income (382,874) ​ 367,929 Net cash provided by operating activities 36,807 ​ 39,366 Net cash used in investing activities — ​ — Net cash used in financing activities — ​ — ​

Short-term investments (Tables)

Short-term investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term investments.
Schedule of Short-term Investments	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 ​ ​ US$ ​ Fair ​ Unrealized ​ ​ value ​ Cost ​ gain/(loss) in profit and loss Level 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity securities with readily determinable fair value ​ 6,108,322 ​ 2,049,344 ​ 4,058,978 Level 3 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity securities without readily determinable fair value 2,807 ​ 29,884 ​ (27,077) Total 6,111,129 ​ 2,079,228 ​ 4,031,901 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ Fair ​ Unrealized ​ ​ value ​ Cost ​ loss in profit and loss Level 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity securities with readily determinable fair value 85,211,338 114,816,065 (29,604,727) Total 85,211,338 ​ 114,816,065 ​ (29,604,727)

Other receivables (Tables)

Other receivables (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Other receivables
Schedule of Other Receivables	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Henan Derun Real Estate Co. Ltd (“Henan Derun”) 139,364,804 ​ 154,038,237 Zhengzhou Jiahe Real Estate Co. Ltd (“Zhengzhou Jiahe”) 101,361,020 ​ — Zhengzhou Yongzhi Jianxin Meiyu Private Equity Fund (“Zhengzhou Yongzhi”) 24,521,449 ​ 25,095,284 Due from contractors 16,322,092 ​ 20,298,040 Due from Zijin Royal Palace ​ — ​ 44,750,333 Others 54,271,287 ​ 54,008,203 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total 335,840,652 ​ 298,190,097

Real estate properties develo_2

Real estate properties development completed and under development (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Real estate properties development completed and under development
Schedule of components of real estate properties development completed and under development	The following summarizes the components of real estate properties development completed and under development at December 31, 2020 and 2021: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Real estate properties development completed 439,204,753 500,875,235 Real estate properties under development 3,010,624,339 2,368,747,467 Total real estate properties development completed and under development 3,449,829,092 2,869,622,702

Real estate properties held f_2

Real estate properties held for lease, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Real estate properties held for lease, net
Schedule of real estate properties held for lease, net	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Elementary schools 3,268,838 3,345,332 Basement parking 9,081,394 9,122,951 Kindergartens 11,098,383 9,326,258 Parking facilities 99,897,514 95,414,729 Clubhouses 8,217,800 8,410,108 Shopping mall 277,532,448 282,353,261 Residential properties ​ 121,855,248 ​ 88,786,540 Total costs 530,951,625 496,759,179 Accumulated depreciation (47,843,418) (56,458,807) Real estate properties held for lease, net 483,108,207 440,300,371
Schedule of minimum future rental income on non-cancellable leases	​ ​ ​ ​ Year Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 17,768,382 2023 17,954,627 2024 18,299,684 2025 18,623,886 2026 and thereafter 109,175,551 Total 181,822,130

Property and equipment, net (Ta

Property and equipment, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Property and equipment, net
Schedule of Property and equipment, net	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Finance lease right-of-use asset -Corporate aircraft 39,438,499 40,361,413 Vehicles 5,825,039 4,795,223 Furniture and fixtures 10,895,581 10,879,140 Office buildings 23,726,382 19,343,707 Total 79,885,501 75,379,483 Accumulated depreciation (37,125,590) (39,853,550) Property and equipment, net 42,759,911 35,525,933

Long-term investments (Tables)

Long-term investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term investments
Schedule of Long-term Investment	As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the long-term investments consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Initial Cost ​ Ownership ​ 2020 ​ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ US$ Nonmarketable equity securities Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd. 241,648 1.85 % 306,518 Zhengzhou Taike Real Estate Co., Ltd. 738,073 3.75 % 766,295 Equity method investees Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. 523,459,957 49 % 532,385,009 Jiazhaoye Health Industry (Sanya) Investment Co., Ltd ​ 225,290,809 ​ 49 % 225,290,809 Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) 30,608,185 n/a 18,337,862 Madison Developments Limited. 19,095,969 50 % 15,766,779 Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 42,041,464 ​ 24 % 21,266,345 Others ​ 69,160,051 ​ n/a ​ 60,157,239 Total ​ 874,276,856 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Initial Cost ​ Ownership ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ US$ Nonmarketable equity securities Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd. 241,648 1.85 % 313,691 Zhengzhou Taike Real Estate Co., Ltd. 738,073 3.75 % 784,228 Equity method investees ​ ​ ​ Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. 523,459,957 49 % 539,866,587 Madison Developments Limited. 19,095,969 50 % — Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) ​ 61,998,960 ​ n/a ​ 46,617,348 Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 42,041,464 ​ 24 % 16,646,705 Others ​ 68,076,387 ​ n/a ​ 62,999,293 Total ​ 667,227,852 ​
Schedule of equity method investees	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ (in thousands) Current assets 1,397,685 Non-current assets 273,409 Current liabilities 798,115 Non-current liabilities 520,324 Non-controlling interest ​ (3,962) Gross revenue 218,446 Gross profit 52,767 Loss from continuing operations (23,799) Net loss ​ (42,547) Net loss attributable to the Company (23,346)

Acquisition of subsidiaries (Ta

Acquisition of subsidiaries (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
2019 Acquisitions Activity [Member]
Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Xinruifeng Xinhujin Xinzhihui ​ ​ ​ subgroup ​ subgroup ​ subgroup ​ Total ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Cash and cash equivalents 472,974 276,511 77,526 827,011 Intangible assets (1) Technology 9,446,403 5,877,125 6,249,820 21,573,348 Trade mark — — 2,623,205 2,623,205 Other current assets 262,373 164,373 691,872 1,118,618 Deferred tax assets 1,057,527 1,170,995 658,831 2,887,353 Other non-current assets 29,935 14,176 43,115 87,226 Goodwill 6,624,594 5,159,916 12,927,103 24,711,613 Current liabilities (269,349) (241,318) (1,499,623) (2,010,290) Deferred tax liabilities (1,057,527) (1,170,995) (658,831) (2,887,353) Non-controlling interest (80,631) (37,986) (50,171) (168,788) Total Consideration 16,486,299 11,212,797 21,062,847 48,761,943 (1) Intangible assets acquired in 2019 have estimated useful lives between six (2) Xinruifeng, Xinhujin and Xinzhihui are parents of Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey, respectively.

Short-term bank loans and oth_2

Short-term bank loans and other debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Schedule of short-term bank loans and other debt	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. ​ ​ ​ ​ Due December 28, 2021 , at 8.00% per annum 9,195,543 — Due July 10, 2022 at 7.00% per annum — 4,391,675 Due June 11, 2022 at 7.00% per annum ​ — ​ 12,547,642 Due March 30, 2022 at 8.00% per annum ​ — ​ 6,273,821 ​ ​ ​ Loan from Tianjin financial exchange center Co., Ltd. at 8.00% per annum 2,896,595 — ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Shenzhen Zhong’an Finance Leasing Co.,Ltd. at 5.89% per annum ​ 1,532,592 ​ 1,568,455 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Everbright Bank ​ ​ ​ Due October 19, 2022 at 8.00% per annum — ​ 4,705,366 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due July 29, 2022 , at 11.00% per annum — 4,705,366 ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Beijing Zhongjin Chengkai Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due April 29, 2022 , at 15.60% per annum — ​ 1,239,080 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Huaxia Pawnshop Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due June 9, 2022 at 30.00% per annum — 326,239 ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan fromTianjin Guotou Rongshun Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ Due September 26, 2022 at 9.60% per annum — 964,600 ​ ​ ​ Loan from Beijing Dingcheng Pawnshop Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 9, 2022 at 19.20% per annum ​ — ​ 1,882,146 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bohai Bank Xi'an Branch ​ ​ ​ ​ Due September 2, 2022 at 7.80% per annum ​ — ​ 1,568,455 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 19, 2022 , at 3.90% per annum ​ — ​ 2,130,000 Due February 5, 2022 , at 3.90% per annum ​ — ​ 2,270,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 28, 2022 , at 6.50% per annum ​ — ​ 54,895,932 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total short-term bank loans and other debt 13,624,730 99,468,777 ​

Long-term bank loans (Tables)

Long-term bank loans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Schedule of Long-Term Bank Loans	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Loan from ICBC Due December 26, 2021 , at 6.175% per annum 25,539,089 — Due December 22, 2021 , at 6.175% per annum 12,772,610 — Due December 30, 2021 , at 6.60% per annum 11,748,839 — Due December 22, 2021 , at 9.80% per annum 12,772,610 — Due July 23, 2022 , at 4.75% per annum ​ 5,823,844 ​ 260,364 Due April 13, 2022 , at 9.80% per annum ​ — ​ 13,068,369 Due April 13, 2022 , at 9.80% per annum ​ — ​ 6,507,393 Due April 13, 2022 , at 9.80% per annum ​ — ​ 6,535,753 ​ 68,656,992 26,371,879 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of China ​ ​ Due October 31, 2021 at 4.75% per annum 23,847,109 — Due March 19, 2022 at 5.225% per annum ​ 27,586,630 ​ 16,782,471 Due October 31, 2022 at 4.75% per annum — 7,826,592 ​ ​ 51,433,739 ​ 24,609,063 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from The Bank of East Asia ​ ​ ​ ​ Due June 4, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 22,500,000 ​ — Due June 6, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 30,000,000 ​ — Due August 20, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 19,170,000 ​ — Due September 27, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 9,100,000 ​ — Due October 20, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 2,100,000 ​ — Due October 27, 2021 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 17,570,000 ​ — Due January 14, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 3,000,000 ​ — Due January 5, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 16,340,000 ​ — Due January 5, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 3,240,000 ​ — Due September 30, 2022 , at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 5,500,000 ​ — ​ 128,520,000 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd. ​ ​ Due April 22, 2021 , at 6.8875% per annum 53,487,410 — Due May 27, 2021 , at 7.3625% per annum 4,597,772 — Due March 18, 2022 , at 6.5075% per annum ​ 33,716,992 ​ 20,766,347 ​ 91,802,174 20,766,347 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from China Construction Bank ​ ​ Due August 1, 2021 , at 4.35% per annum 47,816,825 — Due August 1, 2021 , at 4.75% per annum ​ 11,187,911 ​ — ​ 59,004,736 — Loan from Bank of Minsheng ​ Due May 30, 2031 , at 8.5% per annum 60,384,067 57,954,421 Due March 16, 2023 at 7.6% per annum 208,125,795 204,165,817 Due January 14, 2024 at 6.65% per annum ​ — ​ 59,601,299 ​ 268,509,862 321,721,537 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Hengfeng ​ ​ Due August 23, 2023 at 8.25% per annum — 93,009,396 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Communications Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 18, 2022 , at 7.600% per annum ​ 18,716,226 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due September 26, 2021 , at 7.000075% per annum ​ 61,916,658 ​ — Due March 26, 2022 , at 7.000075% per annum ​ — ​ 56,307,543 Due August 11, 2023 at 6.5% per annum ​ — ​ 117,634,142 Due August 30, 2023 , at 6.50% per annum ​ 114,944,290 ​ — ​ ​ 176,860,948 ​ 173,941,685 Loan from Bank of Huaxia Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 28, 2023 , at 5.08% per annum ​ 18,391,086 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due February 20, 2023 , at 10.00% per annum ​ 9,195,543 ​ 9,410,731 Due April 30, 2023 , at 6.80% per annum ​ 4,904,290 ​ 4,234,829 ​ ​ 14,099,833 ​ 13,645,560 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Guangzhou Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due September 3, 2024 , at 7.30% per annum ​ 98,577,756 ​ 106,759,164 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 13, 2022 , at 2.82% per annum ​ 2,567,812 ​ — Due January 19, 2022 , at 2.82% per annum ​ 16,808,448 ​ — Due February 26, 2022 , at 2.82% per annum ​ 19,320,740 ​ — Due January 1, 2022 , at 2.90% per annum ​ 1,350,000 ​ — Due November 10, 2022 , at 2.90% per annum ​ 36,500,000 ​ — Due March 12, 2023 , at 3.50% per annum ​ — ​ 19,236,000 Due March 29, 2023 , at 3.50% per annum ​ — ​ 1,859,480 Due April 12, 2023 , at 3.50% per annum ​ — ​ 17,376,520 ​ ​ 7,654,700 ​ 38,472,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total 1,071,120,352 819,296,631 Less: current portion of long-term bank loans (482,102,433) (325,219,756) Total long-term bank loans 589,017,919 494,076,875
Long-term Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Schedule of Maturities	As of December 31, 2021, the contractual maturities of these loans are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 325,219,756 2023 369,102,362 2024 80,744,075 2025 5,411,171 2026 and thereafter 38,819,267 Less: current portion of long-term bank loans (325,219,756) Total: long-term bank loans 494,076,875

Other long-term debt (Tables)

Other long-term debt (Tables) - Other Long-Term Debt [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Schedule of Other Long-term Debt	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Senior notes ​ ​ ​ ​ February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% 224,952,688 ​ — October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 16, 2021 at 14.20% ​ 253,678,567 ​ — June 2022 Senior notes due on June 29, 2022 at 12.00% ​ 71,101,480 ​ 78,997,031 September 2023 Senior notes due on September 17, 2023 at 14.50% ​ 296,902,963 ​ 253,096,367 October 2023 notes due on October 15, 2023 at 14.20% ​ — ​ 132,576,797 January 2024 notes due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% ​ — ​ 262,064,363 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate bonds ​ ​ ​ ​ Due November 13, 2025 at 8.35% ​ 40,142,724 ​ 27,747,400 Due Januray 4, 2026 at 8.35% ​ — ​ 15,347,334 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Ping An Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 31 . 2022 at 12.80% 102,223,789 35,603,934 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Wanxiang Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due April 30, 2021 at 12.00% ​ 30,651,811 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from China Huarong Asset Management Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due November 8, 2021 at 12.00% ​ 24,671,642 ​ — Due April 20, 2022 at 12.00% ​ 41,379,945 ​ 42,348,291 Due November 27, 2022 at 12.00% ​ — ​ 20,857,318 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Chang An International Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due December 10, 2023 at 9.00% ​ 274,180,447 ​ 169,393,164 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ Due July 23, 2021 at 11.60% ​ 6,130,362 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Min Sheng Finance Lease Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due July 15, 2023 at 5.85% ​ 10,213,324 ​ 6,452,550 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Zhongrong International Trust Co. Ltd. ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 13, 2022 at 13.00% ​ 229,888,577 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Daye Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due August 31, 2022 at 11.50% ​ 91,955,432 ​ 94,107,314 Due October 16, 2022 at 14.50% ​ — ​ 34,506,015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Hubei Tian Qian Asset Management Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due July 14, 2022 at 13.00% ​ 50,575,488 ​ 35,989,774 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from China Minsheng Trust Co., Ltd ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 22, 2023 at 10.00% ​ — ​ 15,684,552 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Kent EB-5 LLC ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 23, 2022 at 5.95% ​ 53,000,000 41,928,898 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Bank of Ozark ​ ​ ​ ​ Due March 24, 2021 at 4.50% plus 1 month LIBOR ​ 92,851,951 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from 135-35 NORTHERN BLVD 1&2 LLC ​ ​ ​ ​ Due May 1, 2021 at 8.5% ​ 30,000,000 ​ 30,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Loan from Ares Management ​ ​ ​ ​ Due January 12, 2024 at 10.05% ​ — ​ 120,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total principal of other long-term debt ​ 1,924,501,190 1,416,701,102 Less: current portion of other long-term debt ​ (911,485,562) (1,141,600,901) Total other long-term debt ​ 1,013,015,628 275,100,201
Schedule of Maturities	As of December 31, 2021, the contractual maturities of these debts are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 1,141,600,901 2023 112,005,467 2024 120,000,000 2025 27,747,400 2026 and thereafter 15,347,334 Less: current portion of other long term debt (1,141,600,901) Total: Other long-term debt 275,100,201

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases
Schedule of lease recorded on the consolidated balance sheets	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ ​ US$ Lease Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ Finance lease assets ​ ​ ​ ​ Property and equipment, net 20,266,967 ​ 18,050,265 Real estate properties held for lease, net ​ 7,370,716 ​ 7,542,875 Total ​ 27,637,683 ​ 25,593,140 Operating lease ROU assets 8,516,756 ​ 3,147,381 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Lease Liabilities ​ ​ ​ Current ​ ​ ​ Current portion of finance lease 1,685,850 ​ 5,557,782 Current portion of operating lease 5,298,153 ​ 2,061,541 Total ​ 6,984,003 ​ 7,619,323 Non-current ​ ​ ​ Finance lease, net of current portion — ​ — Operating lease, net of current portion 3,159,780 ​ 1,286,250 Total 3,159,780 ​ 1,286,250
Schedule of components of lease expense	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Operating lease cost: ​ ​ ​ Operating lease cost ​ 6,487,116 ​ 5,384,851 Short-term lease cost ​ 1,384,416 ​ 2,612,901 Finance lease cost: ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of finance lease assets ​ 3,494,618 ​ 2,690,976 Interest on the lease liabilities ​ 489,581 ​ 501,037 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total lease cost ​ 11,855,731 ​ 11,189,765
Schedule of supplemental cash flow information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended ​ Year ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Operating cash flows for operating leases 6,354,922 ​ 4,485,361 Operating cash flows for finance leases 155,188 ​ 16,222 Financing cash flows for finance leases ​ 8,476,338 ​ 1,369,861
Schedule of operating lease liabilities	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2021 ​ Finance Leases Operating Leases ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Year ending December 31, 2022 5,761,266 2,311,216 Year ending December 31, 2023 — 1,285,644 Year ending December 31, 2024 — — Year ending December 31, 2025 ​ — ​ — Total lease payments 5,761,266 3,596,860 Less: imputed interest (203,484) (249,069) Present value of lease liabilities 5,557,782 3,347,791
Schedule of weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate information	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) ​ ​ ​ Operating leases 1.99 ​ 1.69 ​ Finance leases 0.91 ​ 0.72 ​ Weighted-average discount rate ​ ​ ​ Operating leases 6.91 % 1.53 % Finance leases 6.95 % 6.95 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Customer deposits (Tables)

Customer deposits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Customer deposits
Schedule of Customer deposits	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Advances for real estate properties 2,332,850,810 2,372,468,138 Add: increase in revenue recognized in excess of amounts received from customers 59,622,703 26,302,454 Less: recognized as progress billings (1,439,534,129) (1,236,340,124) Customer deposits (Note 2(h)) 952,939,384 1,162,430,468

Income taxes (Tables)

Income taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Income taxes
Schedule of income/(loss) before income tax expenses	Income before income tax expense consist of: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ PRC 355,606,696 162,967,377 (274,761,993) Non PRC (122,099,522) (95,392,067) (145,780,649) Total 233,507,174 67,575,310 (420,542,642)
Schedule of income tax expenses	Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 is summarized as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current: CIT tax expense/(benefit) 133,862,272 (21,471,662) 15,227,110 Land Appreciation Tax (“LAT”) expense 68,631,338 90,907,634 39,101,310 Deferred tax (benefit)/expense (52,015,238) 65,623,218 (61,608,948) Income tax expense 150,478,372 135,059,190 (7,280,528)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	The Group’s income tax expense differs from the tax expense computed by applying PRC statutory CIT rate of 25% for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31, ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ CIT at rate of 25% 58,376,794 16,893,828 (105,135,661) Tax effect of non-deductible expenses 8,867,037 18,115,751 52,251,997 LAT expense 68,631,338 90,907,634 39,101,310 CIT benefit of LAT (17,157,834) (22,726,908) (9,775,327) Changes in valuation allowance 23,073,210 5,463,801 13,925,825 International rate differences 17,351,758 15,736,526 14,983,887 Dividend and interest withholding taxes (3,816,800) 13,132,901 (17,148,376) Adjustment of estimated income tax accruals (4,285,329) (2,850,373) 3,085,497 Others (561,802) 386,030 1,430,320 Income tax expense 150,478,372 135,059,190 (7,280,528) ​
Schedule of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits	The following table summarizes the activities related to the Group’s unrecognized tax benefits: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Balance at January 1 45,939,234 73,605,084 101,198,970 Additions for tax positions of current year 14,547,590 26,350,344 29,025,853 Reclassification from prior year tax payable ​ 13,118,260 ​ 14,361,802 ​ — Reductions for tax positions of prior years — (13,118,260) — Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation — — 336,085 Balance at December 31 73,605,084 101,198,970 130,560,908
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities	The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Deferred tax assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ Tax loss carried forward 66,153,464 84,046,761 Accruals and provisions 96,041,259 122,633,112 Capitalized expenses 67,506,415 77,494,494 Revenue recognition at a point in time less tax paid under deemed profit method 29,232,706 27,312,910 Revenue recognition of real estate lease income on a straight-line basis 12,394,780 7,144,670 Deemed interest expense 79,851,523 105,354,177 Valuation allowance (25,978,488) (24,633,671) Operating lease liability ​ 2,114,483 ​ 836,948 Total deferred tax assets 327,316,142 400,189,401 Deferred tax liabilities: ​ ​ Revenue recognition over time (140,019,916) (192,007,773) Real estate properties accelerated cost deduction — — Taxable temporary differences arising from asset acquisitions (240,306,881) (202,527,316) Dividend and interest withholding taxes (62,292,677) (45,159,004) Operating lease right-of-use assets ​ (2,129,188) ​ (786,845) Total deferred tax liabilities (444,748,662) (440,480,938)

Share-based compensation (Table

Share-based compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Option Award Using Black-Scholes Valuation Model	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Options Options ​ ​ Granted in ​ Granted in ​ ​ 2015 ​ 2015 ​ ​ Under the ​ Under the ​ ​ 2007 Plan ​ 2015 Plan Average risk-free rate of return ​ 1.82‑1.92 % 1.57‑1.92 % Expected term ​ 6 Years 6 Years ​ Volatility rate ​ 46.3‑55.2 % 55.0‑55.9 % Dividend yield ​ 5 % 5 %
2007 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Schedule of Stock Option Activity Under Stock Option and Incentive Plans	As of January 1, 2021, all options granted under 2007 plan were fully vested. The following table is a summary of the Company’s share option activity under the 2007 Plan (in US$, except options): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Remaining ​ ​ ​ ​ Number of ​ Exercise ​ Contractual ​ Aggregate Options Under the 2007 Plan ​ Options ​ Price ​ Life (Years) ​ Intrinsic Value ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Outstanding, January 1, 2021 1.085 (exercise price) 60,000 1.085 0.50 900 1.64 (exercise price) 100,000 1.64 1.87 — 1.21 (exercise price) 39,400 1.21 3.50 — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Granted — — — — Exercised — — — — Forfeited — — — — Expired 60,000 1.085 — — Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021 1.64 (exercise price) 100,000 1.64 0.87 — 1.21 (exercise price) 39,400 1.21 2.50 —
2015 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Schedule of Stock Option Activity Under Stock Option and Incentive Plans	As of January 1, 2021, all options granted under 2015 plan were fully vested, with no option exercised ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Remaining ​ ​ ​ ​ Number of ​ Exercise ​ Contractual ​ Aggregate Options Under the 2015 Plan ​ Options ​ Price ​ Life (Years) ​ Intrinsic Value ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Outstanding, January 1, 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1.71(exercise price) 2,796,734 ​ 1.71 ​ 4.50 ​ — Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021 1.71(exercise price) 2,796,734 ​ 1.71 ​ 3.50 ​ —

Other payables and accrued li_2

Other payables and accrued liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Other payables and accrued liabilities
Schedule of Other payables and accrued liabilities	​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Contract deposit 362,269,545 324,844,088 Accrued expenses 53,680,543 94,297,276 Debt extinguishment costs 404,042 — Deed tax and maintenance fund withheld for customers 35,913,618 28,848,564 Bidding deposit 4,504,908 3,947,876 Welfare payable 1,583,453 1,620,508 Other tax payable 32,595,593 18,620,109 Accrued aircraft operating expense 1,599,639 332,339 Accrued interest expense 20,935,671 32,363,632 Purchase consideration payable for asset acquisitions and business combinations 38,624,175 39,169,122 Others 43,365,254 11,133,179 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total 595,476,441 555,176,693

Related party and employee tr_2

Related party and employee transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Related party and employee transactions
Schedule of Related Party Transactions	(a) Amounts due from related parties ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current: Henan Hongguang Olympic Real Estate Co., Ltd. 90,330,257 95,078,214 Qingdao Huiju ​ 56,469,394 ​ 10,035,794 Guangzhou Huanglong Information Technology Co., Ltd. ​ 16,324,735 ​ 47,953,453 Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd. ​ 2,789,265 ​ 2,854,538 Madison Development Limited 33,231,243 33,768,281 Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders 20,160,872 32,032,079 Taicang Pengchi's non-controlling interest holders 12,129,962 22,194,420 Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ — ​ 22,141,569 Others ​ 2,005,731 ​ 5,509,136 Total current amounts due from related party 233,441,459 271,567,484 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non current: ​ ​ Suzhou Yefang’s non-controlling interest holders ​ 12,259,192 ​ 12,546,073 Others ​ 2,674,370 ​ 2,736,955 Total non-current amounts due from related party ​ 14,933,562 ​ 15,283,028 Total 248,375,021 286,850,512 ​ (b) Amounts due to related party ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Current: Suzhou Yefang’s non-controlling interest holders ​ 1,632,968 ​ 1,771,522 Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest shareholders 16,272,639 2,961,668 Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd. ​ 2,632,678 ​ 2,694,286 Henan Qingning Apartment Management Co., Ltd. ​ 444,409 ​ 12,045,693 Suzhou Kairongchen Real Estate Co., Ltd. ​ — ​ 44,995,530 Others ​ 10,529,235 ​ 12,593,656 Total current amounts due to related party 31,511,929 77,062,355 Non current: ​ ​ Henan Qingning Apartment Management Co., Ltd. 10,728,133 10,979,186 Total 42,240,062 88,041,541 ​ (c) Amounts due from employees ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ Advances to employees 529,055 1,550,469 ​

Earnings per share (Tables)

Earnings per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings per share
Schedule of Basic and diluted net earning per share	Basic and diluted net earnings per share for each period presented are calculated as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2019 ​ 2020 ​ 2021 ​ US$ US$ US$ Numerator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. Shareholders - basic and diluted 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Denominator: ​ ​ ​ Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic* 113,482,239 107,558,506 107,283,420 Stock options 618,657 10,674 — Restricted stock units — — — Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted 114,100,896 107,569,181 107,283,420 Basic earnings per share 0.60 (0.75) (3.89) Diluted earnings per share 0.60 (0.75) (3.89) * The restricted shares repurchased by the trustee that are unvested are excluded from the number of shares outstanding for purposes of computing basic earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260. However, these unvested restricted shares are factored into the computation of diluted earnings per share using the treasury stock method.

Segment reporting (Tables)

Segment reporting (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment reporting
Schedule of operating segment	Summary information by operating segment is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2019 Henan Shandong Shanghai Sichuan Beijing Hainan Hunan Shaanxi United States Guangdong Hubei Liaoning Property Management Others Consolidated ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Net real estate sales 1,382,533,759 275,120,959 279,731,401 85,189,227 126,540,125 43,820,016 ​ 157,938,663 6,917,948 750,000 9,738,197 ​ — ​ 18,621,886 ​ — 129,387 2,387,031,568 Real estate lease income 6,630,994 321,819 2,920,280 728,016 657,451 — ​ 135,279 3,301,027 893,982 — ​ — ​ — ​ 483,944 55,979 16,128,771 Real estate management services income 7,578,862 — — — — — ​ — 2,783,091 — — ​ — ​ — ​ 57,126,216 — 67,488,169 Other revenue 151,102 700,044 823,150 1,063,557 3,269,965 — ​ 583,737 — 296,091 — ​ — ​ — ​ 1,187,948 3,908,710 11,984,304 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total revenue 1,396,894,717 276,142,822 283,474,831 86,980,800 130,467,541 43,820,016 ​ 158,657,679 13,002,066 1,940,073 9,738,197 ​ — ​ 18,621,886 ​ 58,798,108 4,094,076 2,482,632,812 Cost of real estate sales (1,082,472,232) (220,925,677) (201,704,497) (81,765,082) (92,849,397) (31,764,435) ​ (110,346,111) (6,510,485) (1,444,563) (6,821,557) ​ (23,397) ​ (13,440,458) ​ — (1,751,402) (1,851,819,293) Cost of real estate lease income (2,348,963) (561,264) (2,565,142) (799,359) (481,276) — ​ (1,693,085) (2,913,152) (1,348,218) — ​ — ​ — ​ — (46,792) (12,757,251) Cost of real estate management services (4,716,112) — — — — — ​ — (561,329) — — ​ — ​ — ​ (35,611,790) — (40,889,231) Other costs (2,449,683) (1,267,950) — (3,672) (4,794,719) (2,192) ​ (362,009) — — — ​ — ​ — ​ (1,124,118) (6,853,073) (16,857,416) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total cost of revenue (1,091,986,990) (222,754,891) (204,269,639) (82,568,113) (98,125,392) (31,766,627) ​ (112,401,205) (9,984,966) (2,792,781) (6,821,557) ​ (23,397) ​ (13,440,458) ​ (36,735,908) (8,651,267) (1,922,323,191) Gross profit 304,907,727 53,387,931 79,205,192 4,412,687 32,342,149 12,053,389 46,256,474 3,017,100 (852,708) 2,916,640 (23,397) ​ 5,181,428 ​ 22,062,200 (4,557,191) 560,309,621 Operating expenses (70,839,873) (14,770,303) (18,080,374) (8,011,273) (73,333,124) (2,514,263) (3,991,323) (5,808,638) (9,414,601) (1,966,796) (3,429,583) ​ (2,801,220) ​ (7,076,960) (28,409,288) (250,447,619) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income/(loss) 234,067,854 38,617,628 61,124,818 (3,598,586) (40,990,975) 9,539,126 42,265,151 (2,791,538) (10,267,309) 949,844 (3,452,980) ​ 2,380,208 ​ 14,985,240 (32,966,479) 309,862,002 Interest income 42,379,712 436,165 306,228 493,469 2,241,516 3,208 182,529 12,795 48,285 13,533 1,695 ​ 13,240 ​ 681,464 4,679,756 51,493,595 Interest expense (14,805,529) (3,061,587) (1,066,270) — (7,385,692) (11,507) — (138,107) (3,472,559) — — ​ — ​ — (83,834,109) (113,775,360) Net realized gain on short-term investments 183,450 — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ — 2,891,564 3,075,014 Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee (1,370,440) (922,281) (613,155) — — — — — — (2,903,841) — ​ — ​ (630,775) 1,024,021 (5,416,471) Loss on extinguishment of debt (8,044,499) — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ — (536,011) (8,580,510) Exchange gains/(loss) 12,524,863 — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ (236,736) (19,664,136) (7,376,009) Unrealized loss on short-term investments — — — — — — — — — — — ​ — ​ — (1,623,814) (1,623,814) Other income/(loss) 4,536,260 866 47,762 246,927 909,298 156,235 (17,844) (199,670) — (289,485) — ​ 64,155 ​ 124,295 269,928 ​ 5,848,727 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income/(loss) before income taxes 269,471,671 35,070,791 59,799,383 (2,858,190) (45,225,853) 9,687,062 42,429,836 (3,116,520) (13,691,583) (2,229,949) (3,451,285) ​ 2,457,603 ​ 14,923,488 (129,759,280) 233,507,174 Income tax(expense)/ benefit (69,803,421) (23,020,472) (28,043,624) (2,864,732) (9,456,395) (4,643,587) (16,123,072) 2,210,548 2,921,151 (1,017,315) 704,284 ​ (717,299) ​ (241,601) (382,837) (150,478,372) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) 199,668,250 12,050,319 31,755,759 (5,722,922) (54,682,248) 5,043,475 26,306,764 (905,972) (10,770,432) (3,247,264) (2,747,001) ​ 1,740,304 ​ 14,681,887 (130,142,117) 83,028,802 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization 5,553,392 433,948 2,622,483 635,494 2,732,083 29,414 1,668,279 1,873,910 1,665,384 41,616 46,012 ​ 16,987 ​ 189,503 75,938 17,584,443 Capital expenditure 6,263,956 64,816 2,579 26,254 1,142,809 3,712 44,058 16,761 3,579,071 — 4,821 ​ 25,188 ​ 352,073 119,575 11,645,673 Real estate properties development completed 133,572,883 34,351,045 106,796,363 64,327,235 60,683,848 6,627,299 7,540,854 43,103,208 1,201,783 — — ​ — ​ — — 458,204,518 Real estate properties under development 886,160,682 359,079,121 123,381,923 619,020,458 266,984,229 — 6,433,260 162,947,850 230,860,737 372,170,620 141,707,492 ​ 58,153,297 ​ — 27,488,080 3,254,387,749 Real estate properties held for lease 109,809,942 6,954,550 40,675,960 34,515,933 7,520,601 888,150 60,967,850 91,474,049 162,599,274 — — ​ — ​ — 462,599 515,868,908 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total long-lived assets 524,367,010 509,819,916 183,400,846 44,244,900 61,281,191 6,664,536 62,686,470 100,419,560 176,115,157 18,237,255 934,102 ​ 1,084,510 ​ 8,335,524 79,010,347 1,776,601,324 Total assets 2,882,024,764 573,869,426 752,136,052 897,210,854 470,434,500 27,393,755 107,134,983 338,107,052 439,770,834 414,319,137 148,165,478 ​ 73,223,300 ​ 106,315,123 191,559,175 7,421,664,433 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2020 Henan Shandong Shanghai Sichuan Beijing Hainan Hunan Shaanxi United States Guangdong Hubei Liaoning ​ Property Management ​ Others Consolidated ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ US$ Net real estate sales 766,314,384 285,706,736 120,260,357 222,959,432 62,401,289 10,084,944 27,721,542 10,991,930 927,700 47,787,761 — 49,168,045 567,819 ​ — 1,604,891,939 Real estate lease income 26,054,475 (965,131) 772,402 379,175 695,548 — 741,527 2,353,682 4,723,438 — — — — ​ 37,369 34,792,485 Real estate management services income 7,606,378 — — — — — — 2,358,631 — — — — 81,243,298 ​ — 91,208,307 Other revenue (1,004,342) 127,190 3,068,486 511,576 2,144,591 7,288 526,852 (116,072) 605,337 — — — 7,236,334 ​ 1,763,220 14,870,460 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total revenue 798,970,895 284,868,795 124,101,245 223,850,183 65,241,428 10,092,232 28,989,921 15,588,171 6,256,475 47,787,761 — 49,168,045 89,047,451 ​ 1,800,589 1,745,763,191 Cost of real estate sales (639,601,377) (260,651,654) (93,074,146) (214,523,020) (45,575,813) (5,503,574) (4,404,236) (14,731,175) (778,663) (34,034,932) (23,616) (38,572,816) (505,804) ​ — (1,351,980,826) Cost of real estate lease income (27,204,779) (292,726) (736,537) ​ (606,323) (805,353) (44,900) (1,046,888) (1,623,994) (3,740,076) — (19,723) — — ​ (798) (36,122,097) Cost of real estate management services (6,675,680) — — (13,189) — — (4,957) (1,707,785) — — — — (47,036,367) ​ — (55,437,978) Other costs (1,145,928) (39,105) (123,291) (111,879) (711,424) (226) (272,479) — — (2,152) — — (6,885,687) ​ (463,371) (9,755,542) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total cost of revenue (674,627,764) (260,983,485) (93,933,974) (215,254,411) (47,092,590) (5,548,700) (5,728,560) (18,062,954) (4,518,739) (34,037,084) (43,339) (38,572,816) (54,427,858) ​ (464,169) (1,453,296,443) Gross profit 124,343,131 23,885,310 30,167,271 8,595,772 18,148,838 4,543,532 23,261,361 (2,474,783) 1,737,736 13,750,677 (43,339) 10,595,229 34,619,593 ​ 1,336,420 292,466,748 Operating expenses (59,958,497) (15,211,169) (10,679,950) (7,677,029) (73,902,008) (1,355,382) (1,608,076) (4,061,452) (6,198,996) (3,423,234) (1,391,277) (4,897,483) (9,390,896) ​ (27,707,634) (227,463,083) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain on disposal of property held for lease ​ 82,805,785 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — 82,805,785 Operating income/(loss) 147,190,419 8,674,141 19,487,321 918,743 (55,753,170) 3,188,150 21,653,285 (6,536,235) (4,461,260) 10,327,443 (1,434,616) 5,697,746 25,228,697 ​ (26,371,214) 147,809,450 Interest income 23,921,003 1,919,529 2,068,141 1,288,256 103,788 4,817 38,096 8,130 41,143 44,417 885 31,849 755,677 ​ 3,179,879 33,405,610 Interest expense (14,568,255) (3,043,955) (987,612) (18,381,805) (3,659,832) — — — (5,316,337) — — — (5,708) ​ (83,523,901) (129,487,405) Net realized gain on short-term investments 183,450 — — — — — — — — — — — — ​ 4,869,494 5,052,944 Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee (3,539,268) 11,483,448 7,795,833 — — — — 67,698 — (1,602,617) — — (152,121) ​ 2,975,328 17,028,301 Loss on extinguishment of debt — — — — — — — — — — — — — ​ (1,843,306) (1,843,306) Exchange gains/(loss) 1,987,139 — — — — — — — — — — — 100,523 ​ (5,181,569) (3,093,907) Unrealized loss on short-term investments — — — — — — — — — — — — — ​ — — Other income/(loss) (4,041,056) 90,325 (415,481) (8,773) 684,530 43,136 43,576 289,746 — 52,058 12,620 7,341 934,711 ​ 1,010,890 (1,296,377) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income/(loss) before income taxes 151,133,432 19,123,488 27,948,202 (16,183,579) (58,624,684) 3,236,103 21,734,957 (6,170,661) (9,736,454) 8,821,301 (1,421,111) 5,736,936 26,861,779 ​ (104,884,399) 67,575,310 Income tax (expense)/benefit (36,907,073) (12,299,796) (39,723,025) 2,875,576 (8,431,043) (4,482,485) (14,391,424) 589,659 — (9,482,301) (2,458,177) (2,591,042) (8,191,925) ​ 433,866 (135,059,190) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) 114,226,359 6,823,692 (11,774,823) (13,308,003) (67,055,727) (1,246,382) 7,343,533 (5,581,002) (9,736,454) (661,000) (3,879,288) 3,145,894 ​ 18,669,854 ​ (104,450,533) (67,483,880) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization 5,814,086 887,005 2,556,696 631,421 5,832,130 56,888 174,291 20,375 46,680 17,042 1,234,539 232,220 ​ — ​ — 17,503,373 Capital expenditure 8,655,565 — 15,874 5,106 716,935 — — — — — — 376,871 ​ 1 ​ — 9,770,352 Real estate properties completed and under development 897,218,594 240,527,766 215,890,331 547,932,945 ​ 378,408,484 2,162,115 12,433,669 224,821,947 283,124,970 395,376,646 165,423,590 52,622,159 ​ — ​ 33,885,876 3,449,829,092 Real estate properties held for lease 74,613,257 7,126,028 35,512,059 36,262,110 8,438,206 — 66,684,905 96,083,662 157,975,249 — — — ​ — ​ 412,731 483,108,207 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total long-lived assets 526,045,585 553,491,246 133,733,839 46,741,993 50,734,107 5,863,831 75,248,369 105,461,495 171,374,723 23,549,642 566,337 930,819 ​ 9,062,110 ​ 365,609,346 2,068,413,442 Total assets 2,838,641,480 602,982,670 751,266,943 734,426,656 473,659,055 23,560,573 92,009,978 362,198,503 474,896,649 478,343,726 175,174,331 73,164,781 ​ 160,332,607 ​ 428,665,624 7,669,323,576 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2021 Henan Shandong Shanghai Sichuan Beijing Hainan Hunan Shaanxi United States ​ Guangdong ​ Hubei ​ Liaoning ​ Property Management ​ Others ​ Consolidated ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net real estate sales 338,195,148 174,353,777 135,072,403 128,609,911 313,960,495 — 8,271,910 166,007,116 23,325,750 68,681,906 118,952 35,642,637 — — ​ 1,392,240,005 Real estate lease income 9,344,804 665,170 1,339,557 532,240 371,919 — 1,223,472 3,251,637 2,980,504 — 13,482 — — 58,559 ​ 19,781,344 Real estate management services income 6,746,892 — — — — — — 2,793,044 — — — — 100,282,270 — ​ 109,822,206 Other revenue 2,851,496 16,356 2,030,340 121,935 2,851,344 413 838,306 — 3,107,481 507,500 — 52,439 1,796,616 ​ ​ 14,174,226 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total revenue 357,138,340 175,035,303 138,442,300 129,264,086 317,183,758 413 10,333,688 172,051,797 29,413,735 69,189,406 132,434 35,695,076 102,078,886 58,559 ​ 1,536,017,781 Cost of real estate sales (369,888,568) (176,289,676) (125,086,848) (163,249,870) (250,046,777) — (9,214,046) (142,797,184) (32,460,834) (58,588,051) (25,726) (31,696,836) — ​ ​ (1,359,344,416) Cost of real estate lease income (15,658,378) (611,378) (193,442) (404,647) (542,152) — (1,206,177) (62,840) (3,740,076) — — — — (19,090) ​ (22,438,180) Cost of real estate management services (3,708,523) — — — — — — (4,321,229) — — — — (65,948,453) — ​ (73,978,205) Other costs (1,320,332) (16,170) (111,927) (1,354,318) (5,762,646) — (742,247) — — (2,172,592) — (61,703) (778,129) — ​ (12,320,064) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total cost of revenue (390,575,801) (176,917,224) (125,392,217) (165,008,835) (256,351,575) — (11,162,470) (147,181,253) (36,200,910) (60,760,643) (25,726) (31,758,539) (66,726,582) (19,090) ​ (1,468,080,865) Gross profit (33,437,461) (1,881,921) 13,050,083 (35,744,749) 60,832,183 413 (828,782) 24,870,544 (6,787,175) 8,428,763 106,708 3,936,537 35,352,304 39,469 ​ 67,936,916 Operating expenses (67,226,888) (10,880,365) (19,136,811) (8,500,877) (80,605,508) (310,883) (1,059,651) (9,182,945) (7,223,166) (10,540,700) (1,273,031) (4,700,371) (8,869,355) (24,468,860) ​ (253,979,411) Impairment losses on goodwill and intangible assets ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ (18,651,259) ​ (18,651,259) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating (loss) /income (100,664,349) (12,762,286) (6,086,728) (44,245,626) (19,773,325) (310,470) (1,888,433) 15,687,599 (14,010,341) (2,111,937) (1,166,323) (763,834) 26,482,949 (43,080,650) ​ (204,693,754) Interest income 18,709,958 (126,051) 348,282 728,264 249,117 25,957 7,576 254,323 1,610 33,242 202 23,321 2,421,863 5,619,160 ​ 28,296,824 Interest expense (12,070,505) (5,794,489) (910,853) (26,416,301) (2,078,190) — — (8,046,152) (15,736,448) (358,532) — — (64,549) (111,922,753) ​ (183,398,772) Net realized loss on short-term investments — — — — — — — — — — — — — (30,203,357) ​ (30,203,357) Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee 1,090,507 (1,873,472) 1,052,997 — — — — — — (4,010,602) — — (1,004,547) (18,600,648) ​ (23,345,765) Exchange (loss) /gains (20,163,471) — (21) — — — — — — — — — (203,338) 10,659,367 ​ (9,707,463) Other (loss) /income (2,110,256) 3,336,726 144,617 138,413 (644,101) (36,650) 205,877 381,157 17,770 (1,434,297) 1,789 (46,098) 942,072 1,612,626 ​ 2,509,645 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Loss) /income before income taxes (115,208,116) (17,219,572) (5,451,706) (69,795,250) (22,246,499) (321,163) (1,674,980) 8,276,927 (29,727,409) (7,882,126) (1,164,332) (786,611) 28,574,450 (185,916,255) ​ (420,542,642) Income tax benefit/ (expense) 43,657,150 (3,885,809) (4,274,715) 12,936,548 (21,349,169) 1,431,319 (3,023,380) (9,366,699) (144,962) (1,674,207) (1,926,116) (1,471,006) (4,832,629) 1,204,203 ​ 7,280,528 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income/(loss) (71,550,966) (21,105,381) (9,726,421) (56,858,702) (43,595,668) 1,110,156 (4,698,360) (1,089,772) (29,872,371) (9,556,333) (3,090,448) (2,257,617) 23,741,821 (184,712,052) ​ (413,262,114) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization 6,842,628 914,765 198,149 1,130,049 3,942,986 — — 1,934,681 1,037,064 12,193 48,721 19,401 526,727 1,660,151 ​ 18,267,515 Capital expenditure 1,965,626 — — 5,261 1,076,187 — — 576 241,312 — — 17,091 668,407 (3,869,649) ​ 104,811 Real estate properties completed and under development ​ 909,477,150 116,698,109 105,042,744 527,858,832 173,273,166 — 3,312,065 45,339,962 307,041,456 398,158,018 190,450,736 59,279,630 — 33,690,834 ​ 2,869,622,702 Real estate properties held for lease 72,022,044 4,133,570 36,147,355 36,470,962 8,510,518 ​ 59,903,607 96,574,698 126,157,420 — — — — 380,197 ​ 440,300,371 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total long-lived assets 431,132,864 517,720,952 138,953,401 49,540,764 46,722,553 5,813,925 75,895,086 107,098,269 139,099,651 53,982,579 920,192 773,073 15,628,394 77,178,239 ​ 1,660,459,942 Total assets 2,279,523,193 416,680,530 600,814,871 710,687,239 313,031,361 11,747,496 82,923,478 289,048,826 468,517,290 568,073,393 196,509,533 69,505,369 176,825,788 262,390,923 ​ 6,446,279,290

Commitments and contingencies (

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and contingencies.
Schedule of non-cancellable construction contracts for real estate development and land use rights purchases	As of December 31, 2021, the Group had outstanding commitments with respect to non-cancellable construction contracts for real estate development and land use rights purchases as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount ​ ​ US$ 2022 748,764,936 2023 421,155,686 2024 252,243,792 2025 86,720,580 2026 and thereafter 9,886,553 Total 1,518,771,547

Non-controlling interests (Tabl

Non-controlling interests (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Non-controlling interests
Schedule of non-controlling interests	As of December 31, 2020, the non-controlling interests consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Ownership ​ 2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ US$ Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. 34.02 % — Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd. ​ 32.50 % (44,142,857) Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18 (a)) 83.00 % (35,235,533) Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Note 18 (a.b)) 80.00 % (42,530,617) Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. 49.00 % — Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18(a.b)) 79.99 % (12,256,043) Henan Yanchuang Enterprise Management Consulting Co. Ltd ​ 49.00 % (225,290,809) Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 20.00 % (2,257,587) Others ​ ​ ​ 1,282,244 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total (360,431,202) ​ As of December 31, 2021, the non-controlling interests consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ Ownership ​ 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ US$ Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. 34.02 % — Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd. 47.14 % (72,201,420) Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18 (a)) 83.00 % (36,937,776) Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Note 18 (a.b)) 80.00 % (40,429,789) Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. 49.00 % — Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. (Note 18(a.b)) 79.99 % (12,542,785) Henan Yanchuang Enterprise Management Consulting Co. Ltd ​ 49.00 % — Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd ​ 20.00 % 756,256 Others ​ ​ ​ 2,224,788 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total (159,130,726)

Condensed financial informati_2

Condensed financial information of the Company (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed financial information of the Company
Schedule of Condensed Balance Sheet	Condensed Balance Sheets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31 ​ 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 2,463,042 160,209 Short-term investments ​ — ​ 70,875,668 Other receivables 189,494 21,248 Due from subsidiaries 230,448,376 49,101,879 Total current assets 233,100,912 120,159,004 Investments in subsidiaries 1,447,605,286 1,163,420,854 TOTAL ASSETS 1,680,706,198 1,283,579,858 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities PRC income tax payable 13,388 13,388 PRC other tax payable 902,190 902,190 Other payable and accrued liabilities 31,210,541 35,216,403 Current portion of long-term bank loan and other debt 606,490,929 726,734,558 Due to subsidiaries ​ — ​ 266,089,765 Payroll and welfare payables 2,622,544 525,043 Total current liabilities 641,239,592 1,029,481,347 Other long-term debt 373,994,646 — Total liabilities 1,015,234,238 1,029,481,347 Shareholders' equity ​ ​ Common shares, $0.0001 par value: ​ ​ Authorized‑500,000,000 shares, issued outstanding 16,415 16,415 Treasury shares (116,061,577) (116,061,577) Additional paid-in capital 552,215,071 544,386,509 Retained earnings 229,302,051 (174,242,836) Total shareholders' equity 665,471,960 254,098,511 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 1,680,706,198 1,283,579,858
Schedule of Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income	Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31 ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ General and administrative expenses (9,509,893) (7,441,398) (4,965,230) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating loss (9,509,893) (7,441,398) (4,965,230) Interest expense (107,382,764) (112,975,103) (121,289,406) Interest income 1,682,189 599,544 545,599 Net gain on debt extinguishment 536,011 — — Gain/(loss) on short-term investments ​ 27,099 ​ (27,077) ​ (1,627,139) Other expenses (20,106,250) (4,277,443) (878,154) Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net 203,098,135 43,080,569 (289,093,048) Income/(loss) from operations before income taxes 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Income taxes — — — Net income/(loss) attributable to common shareholders 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency translation adjustments (20,044,827) 67,283,263 17,818,154 Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to shareholders 48,299,700 (13,757,645) (399,489,224)
Schedule of Condensed Statement of Cash Flows	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended December 31 ​ 2019 2020 2021 ​ ​ US$ ​ US$ ​ US$ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income/(loss) 68,344,527 (81,040,908) (417,307,378) Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: ​ ​ ​ Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net (203,098,135) (43,080,570) 289,093,048 Stock based compensation expense 3,782,307 2,848,897 1,625,318 Loss on short-term investments ​ — ​ — ​ 1,627,139 Amortization of deferred charges 7,445,276 6,024,220 — (Gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt (536,011) 5,583,578 — Other receivables 654,500 (178,566) 168,246 Other current assets 172,920 77,648 — Other payable and accrued liabilities (291,915) 7,281,565 4,000,802 Payroll and welfare payables (597,023) 402,431 1,363,218 Amount due from related parties 348,076 — — Net cash used in operating activities (123,775,478) (102,081,705) (119,429,607) Cash flows from investing activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Investment in short-term investments ​ — ​ — ​ (72,502,807) Net cash used in investing activities ​ — ​ — ​ (72,502,807) Cash flows from financing activities: ​ ​ Changes in due from subsidiaries 212,589,733 224,773,858 447,436,262 Proceeds from short-term bank loans 19,900,000 28,080,000 — Repayment of current portion of long-term bank loan and other long-term debt ​ — ​ — ​ (128,520,000) Repayments of long-term bank loans (110,311,908) (23,078,000) — Proceeds from long-term bank loans 100,440,000 — — Proceeds from other long-term debts 300,000,000 378,852,273 270,000,000 Repayment of other long-term debts (413,300,000) (508,900,000) (390,958,220) Purchase of treasury shares (26,080,876) (2,483,896) — Dividends to shareholders (19,647,356) (14,284,148) (4,055,664) Payment of financing cost (2,075,789) (7,141,511) (4,272,797) Purchase of shares under RSU plan (2,920,216) — — Proceeds from exercise of stock options 166,480 134,790 — Net cash provided by financing activities 58,760,068 75,953,366 189,629,581 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (65,015,410) (26,128,339) (2,302,833) Cash and cash equivalents, at the beginning of the year 93,606,791 28,591,381 2,463,042 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents, at end of the period 28,591,381 2,463,042 160,209

Background information of bus_3

Background information of business and organization (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Henan Rongyao Catering Service Co [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 23, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 1,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	51%	51%
Hudson 888 Owner LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 22, 2015
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Xinyuan International Property Investment Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 06, 2011
Xinyuan International (HK) Property Investment Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 26, 2011
XIN Development Group International Inc [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 10, 2011
Xinyuan Real Estate, Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 27, 2006
XIN Development Management East, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Aug. 28, 2012
XIN NY Holding, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Aug. 29, 2012
421 Kent Development, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Aug. 29, 2012
Xinyuan Sailing Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 21, 2013
AWAN Plasma Sdn Bhd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Apr. 16, 2007
XIN Eco Marine Group Properties Sdn Bhd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 09, 2014
Zhengzhou Jiasheng Real Estate Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 02, 2013
Xinyuan (China) Real Estate, Ltd ("Xinyuan China") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Apr. 10, 2006
Henan Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Xinyuan") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 19, 1997
Qingdao Xinyuan Xiangrui Real Estate Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Feb. 09, 2006
Shandong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 02, 2006
Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 13, 2018
Xinyuan Property Management Service (BVI) Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 02, 2019
Xinyuan Property Management Service (HK) Limited [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 08, 2019
Xinyuan Science and Technology Service Group Co,Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 28, 1998
Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Feb. 17, 2004
Henan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co,Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 29, 2011
Suzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 24, 2006
Anhui Xinyuan Real Estate Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 07, 2006
Kunshan Xinyuan Real Estate Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 31, 2008
Xinyuan Real Estate (Chengdu) Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 12, 2007
Xuzhou Xinyuan Real Estate Co Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 09, 2009
Henan Xinyuan Jiye Real Estate Co Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 15, 2009
Xinyuan Renju (Beijing) Asset Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 16, 2009
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Beijing Xinyuan Priority Real Estate Consulting Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 08, 2012
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xinyuan Priority Commercial Management Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Aug. 10, 2012
Registered Capital	¥ 2,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Suzhou Wanzhuo") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 20, 2012
Registered Capital	¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	20%	20%
Jiangsu Jiajing Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 28, 2005
Registered Capital	¥ 150,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Xingyang Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 25, 2013
Registered Capital	¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Jinan Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 04, 2013
Registered Capital	¥ 300,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Sanya Beida Science and Technology Park Industrial Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 10, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co. Limited. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Chengdu Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Feb. 21, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Tianjin Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 17, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Xi'an Yinghuai Commerce and Trade Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 25, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 3,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Changsha Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Apr. 03, 2014
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Shanghai Junxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 16, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Beijing Yinghuai Commerce And Trade Co Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 05, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Beijing Xinhe Investment Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 05, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Yinghuai Commerce and Trade Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 23, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xinyuan Guangsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 27, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Shanghai Hexinli Property Management Center. (Limited partnership) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 28, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 10,640,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Shandong Xinyuan Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 19, 2011
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 22, 1998
Registered Capital	¥ 22,500,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	65.98%	65.98%
421 Kent Holding Co Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 02, 2014
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
XIN Manhattan Holding LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 09, 2015
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Hudson 888 Holding LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 09, 2015
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Shenzhen Xinchuang Investment Consulting Co., Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 20, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Shengdao Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 14, 2013
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xinyuan Shunsheng Real Estate Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 13, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Hunan Erli Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 04, 2008
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
XIN Queens Holding LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 06, 2016
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Queens Theatre Holdco LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 06, 2016
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Queens Theatre Owner LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 06, 2016
Registered Capital | $		$ 1,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Xinnan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 21, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Xinyan Investment Management Co., Limited. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Apr. 08, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	90%	90%
Hunan Xintian Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 28, 2009
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Hangmei Technology Development Co., Ltd.("Zhengzhou Hangmei") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 25, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	51%	51%
Zhengzhou Hengsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	30%	30%
Henan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 14, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 40,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Hangmei Zhengxing Technology Co., Ltd. Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 28, 2016
Xi'an Dingrun Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Xi'an Dingrun") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 01, 2011
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Kangshengboda Real Estate Co Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 29, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Xinjiang Xinyuan Renju Equity Investment., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Feb. 24, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhuhai Prince Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Zhuhai Prince") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 13, 1990
Registered Capital	¥ 307,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Renxin") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 11, 2008
Registered Capital	¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	51%	51%
Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xinchuang Technology ") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 02, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Hangzhou Huiyuan Investment Management Partnership Enterprise (Limited partnership) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 23, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Guangdong Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 18, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. ("Taicang Pengchi") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 16, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 200,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	17%	17%
Khorgos XinYan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 04, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Jinan Xinyuan Quansheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 25, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Suzhou Yuxi Real Estate Co., Limited. ("Suzhou Yuxi") (2) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 05, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	20%	20%
Xinchuang Sailing (Dalian) Healthy Technology Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 05, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 600,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Dalian Xinyi Renju Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 26, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Jiangxi Xinkai Renju Management Consulting Service., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Aug. 28, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Beijing Xinyuan Huicheng Technology Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 26, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. ("Suzhou Yefang") (3) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Apr. 14, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	20%	20%
Chengdu Xinyuan Renju Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. ("Chengdu Renju") (4) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 26, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Chengdu Guohongteng Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Chengdu Guohongteng") (5)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 16, 2010
Registered Capital	¥ 1,673,179,200
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Qingdao Keda Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Qingdao Keda") (6) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 20, 2010
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Wuhan Yinghexin Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Wuhan Yinghexin") (7) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 15, 2014
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xinyuan Property Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 01, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Wuhu Xinyansuifeng NO.1 Investment Center (Limited partnership) (8) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 22, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 1,501,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhuhai Xinyuan Real Estate Co Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 31, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Jinan Renju Building Material Co., Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 02, 2019
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Dalian Xinyi Yaju Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 16, 2019
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Guangdong Xinchuang Kechuang Zhigu Development Co., Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Feb. 27, 2019
Registered Capital	¥ 100,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Jiangxi Xinyuan Heju Enterprise Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Apr. 02, 2019
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Beijing I-Journey Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (I-Journey) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Oct. 20, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 40,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	93%	93%
Beijing Ruizhuo Xichuang Technology Development Co., Ltd.("Xichuang") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 16, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	93%	93%
Beijing Ruizhuo Xitou Development Co., Ltd. ("Xitou")
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jul. 16, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	85%	85%
Beijing Future Xinzhihui Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) ("Xinzhihui") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 16, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	90.67%	90.67%
Beijing Future Xinhujin Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) ("Xinhujin") [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 30, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	89.50%	89.50%
Beijing Future Xinruifeng Technology Development Center (Limited Partnership) (Xinruifeng) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Feb. 23, 2017
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	77.50%	77.50%
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Ruihao Rongtong") (Note 2(a)) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 15, 2006
Registered Capital	¥ 250,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xintuo Real Estate Co. Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 08, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co, Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 08, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 50,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	80%	80%
Zhengzhou Xinying Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 19, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Xinyuan Xinsheng Business Management Co. Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 02, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 1,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Dalian Xinsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 16, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 20,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Guoxin Chuangxiang (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 02, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 15,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	95.22%	95.22%
Guoxin Chuangzhi (Tianjin) Enterprise Management Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jun. 23, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 135,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	94.41%	94.41%
Chongqing Heavy Duty Vehicle Group Hong Property Llc Wulong Branch [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 26, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 0
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xinzhixiang Electronic Technology Co [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 20, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 5,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Zhengzhou Branch Of Xinyuan Technology Service Group Co [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 04, 2016
Registered Capital	¥ 0
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	0%	0%
Zhengzhou Shengxin Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 10, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	51%	51%
Henan Xinyuan Property Service Co., Ltd.. Runan Branch [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 18, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 0
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	0%	0%
Henan Xinyuan Property Service Co Ltd Xincai Branch [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Nov. 19, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 0
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	0%	0%
Dalian Branch of Xinyuan Technology Service Group Co., Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Aug. 03, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 0
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	0%	0%
Guangzhou Yuesheng Commercial Service Co., Ltd.. Zhengzhou Branch [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 30, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 0
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	0%	0%
Henan Kai Dao real Estate Brokerage Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 30, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Shanghai Xinqiao Trading Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 17, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 30,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Hainan Xinyuan Heju Enterprise Management Consulting Service Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Sep. 27, 2020
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Jinan Xinyuan Commercial Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Dec. 04, 2015
Registered Capital	¥ 3,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Guangzhou Xinyuan Commercial Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 30, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 1,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Henan Xinyuan Hongsheng Commercial Management Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	May 06, 2021
Registered Capital	¥ 1,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	100%	100%
Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center (Limited partnership) ("Yuzhouyun") (Note 2(a)) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Mar. 02, 2018
Registered Capital	¥ 18,388,300
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	51%	51%
Beijing Ruizhuo Xihui Technology Development Centre Co., Ld (Note 2(a)) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Capital	¥ 10,000,000
Percentage of Equity Attributable to the Group	1%	1%
Beijing Ruizhuo Xihui Technology Development Centre Co., Ltd (Note 2(a)) [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Registered Place and Date of Incorporation	Jan. 22, 2017

Summary of significant accoun_4

Summary of significant accounting policies - Additional Information (Details) ¥ in Millions	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	May 23, 2017 USD ($)	May 23, 2017 CNY (¥)	Sep. 18, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 18, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) item	Jun. 21, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 02, 2018	Feb. 28, 2017	Jun. 28, 2016	Mar. 01, 2016	May 06, 2015 USD ($)	May 06, 2015 CNY (¥)
Summary of significant accounting policies
Current assets					$ 4,785,819,348	$ 5,600,910,134
TOTAL ASSETS					6,446,279,290	7,669,323,576	$ 7,421,664,433
Current liabilities					4,777,783,176	4,536,333,378
Total liabilities					6,033,050,053	6,643,420,414
Revenue					1,536,017,781	1,745,763,191	2,482,632,812
costs of revenue					(1,468,080,865)	(1,453,296,443)	(1,922,323,191)
Net loss					(417,307,378)	(81,040,908)	68,344,527
Net cash (used in) /provided by operating activities					135,608,847	336,766,542	272,256,758
Net cash used in investing activities					(22,774,551)	(104,155,960)	(43,030,099)
Net cash used in financing activities					(677,076,944)	(190,069,001)	(278,472,789)
Amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group					77,062,355	31,511,929
Due from subsidiaries					2,854,538	2,789,265
Impairment loss on goodwill					4,355,469	6,400,262
Impairment loss on intangible assets					14,295,790	0
Impairment of loss on real estate					$ 1,347,050	9,641,537	$ 0
Contingent compensation is subject to the court					The Company has litigations in the PRC and the contingent compensation is subject to the court verdict with estimated amount of US$37.4 million
Estimated amount subject to the court verdict					$ 37,400,000
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Percentage of Equity Directly Attributable to the Group					65%
RuizhuoXihui [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Current assets					$ 2,748,904	3,167,587
Non-current assets					0	0
TOTAL ASSETS					2,748,904	3,167,587
Current liabilities					2,791,771	3,572,451
Non-current liabilities					0	0
Total liabilities					2,791,771	3,572,451
Revenue					451,176	81,984
costs of revenue					(26,605)	0
Net loss					367,929	(382,874)
Net cash (used in) /provided by operating activities					39,366	36,807
Net cash used in investing activities					0	0
Net cash used in financing activities					0	0
Consolidation, Eliminations [Member] | Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Revenue					779,795	3,287,093
Amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group					10,473,436	1,928,834
Consolidation, Eliminations [Member] | RuizhuoXihui [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Due from subsidiaries					2,692,162	3,039,549
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Ruihao Rongtong") (Note 2(a)) [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Registered Capital														$ 37,600,000	¥ 250
Number of projects under construction | item							1
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Ruihao Rongtong") (Note 2(a)) [Member] | Ping An trust Co., Ltd. ("Ping'an trust") [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Amount of loan in aggregate to the Group	$ 246,800,000	¥ 1,610	$ 124,300,000	¥ 862.5
Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Current assets					346,637	768,166
Non-current assets					3,177,609	2,771,533
TOTAL ASSETS					3,524,246	3,539,699
Current liabilities					14,499,043	4,801,975
Non-current liabilities					13,645,560	14,099,833
Total liabilities					28,144,603	18,901,808
Revenue					1,703,972	3,525,255
costs of revenue					(3,755,276)	(2,529,935)
Net loss					(8,794,606)	(6,935,441)
Net cash (used in) /provided by operating activities					(13,884,957)	(12,982,505)
Net cash used in investing activities					(14,799)	(13,837)
Net cash used in financing activities					13,108,128	12,256,166
Consolidated revenues contributed from the related party					924,177	238,162
Percentage of Share of Profit or Loss										51%
Beijing Yuzhouyun Technology Development Center [Member] | Senior Management Members [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Percentage of Share of Profit or Loss										49%
RuizhuoXihui [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Amounts due to subsidiaries of the Group					0	1,928,834
Consolidated revenues contributed from the related party					$ 451,176	$ 81,984
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Ruihao Rongtong") (Note 2(a)) [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Percentage of non-controlling equity interest that will be repurchased by the entity					35%
Beijing Ruihao Rongtong Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Ruihao Rongtong") (Note 2(a)) [Member] | Ping An trust Co., Ltd. ("Ping'an trust") [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	35%	35%	10%	10%				35%	35%		35%	5%	20%

Summary of significant accoun_5

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details) ¥ in Millions

1 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Oct. 15, 2021 USD ($)

Jan. 25, 2021 USD ($)

Nov. 22, 2020

Sep. 17, 2020 USD ($)

Jun. 29, 2020 USD ($)

Apr. 26, 2019 USD ($)

Apr. 16, 2019

Apr. 15, 2019 USD ($)

Mar. 19, 2018 USD ($)

Dec. 01, 2017 USD ($)

Dec. 01, 2017 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2017

Nov. 22, 2017 USD ($)

Feb. 28, 2017 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2017

Feb. 28, 2017 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares

Dec. 31, 2021 CNY (¥)

Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares

Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 CNY (¥)

Jun. 29, 2020 CNY (¥)

May 20, 2019 USD ($)

Jan. 01, 2019 USD ($)

Aug. 14, 2018 USD ($)

Mar. 21, 2017 USD ($)

Dec. 28, 2015 USD ($)

Jul. 12, 2013 USD ($)

Summary of significant accounting policies

Short-term bank loans and other debt, and current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt

$ 1,566,300,000

Defaulted senior notes | ¥

¥ 545.5

Principal amount on which exchange offer consummated

207,700,000

Aggregate principal amount of long term loan which extended maturity date

68,500,000

Amount negotiated to secure new sources of financing

179,900,000

Available undrawn debt facilities

6,003,000,000

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents

426,399,881

$ 926,809,581

$ 662,606,063

Restricted cash

220,596,486

83,613,204

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent

46,583,120

232,134,183

Asset Impairment Charges

0

$ 0

$ 0

Amounts included in the customer deposits balance at the beginning of the year

319,889,213

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable

4,811,460

4,099,011

Allowance for credit loss

14,709,839

12,609,405

Allowance for doubtful other receivable

1,908,929

1,908,929

Allowance for suppliers

$ 0

$ 0

Retirement benefits

Employer match of eligible compensation of employees, percent of average salary

39%

39%

40%

40%

Retirement benefits expense

$ 20,710,982

$ 11,781,673

$ 20,420,474

Required repatriation

10%

10%

Minimum percentage of Statutory Surplus Reserve

50%

50%

Advertising and promotion expenses

$ 40,262,333

41,972,661

$ 62,341,805

Contract cost withholding term

12 months

12 months

Recognized ROU assets

$ 3,147,381

8,516,756

Total lease liabilities (including current and non-current) for operating lease

3,347,791

Operating Lease, Liability, Current

2,061,541

5,298,153

Finance lease, liability current

$ 5,557,782

$ 1,685,850

Warranty term

3 months

3 months

Share Repurchase Program

Treasury shares, shares | shares

54,977,586

54,977,586

Treasury stock, value

$ 116,061,577

$ 116,061,577

Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]

Cash and cash equivalents:

Capitalized Contract Cost, Amortization

$ 46,500,000

8,000,000

Minimum [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Estimated useful lives of the real estate properties held for lease

20

20

Retirement benefits

Required percentage of Statutory Reserve prior to distributions

25%

25%

LAT Progressive Rate

30%

30%

Contract cost withholding term

2 years

2 years

Warranty term

2 months

2 months

Maximum [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Estimated useful lives of the real estate properties held for lease

60 years

60 years

Retirement benefits

LAT Progressive Rate

60%

60%

Contract cost withholding term

5 years

5 years

Warranty term

3 years

3 years

Percentage of contract cost withheld

5%

5%

Share Repurchase Program

Stock repurchase program authorized amount

$ 50,000,000

$ 50,000,000

$ 40,000,000

$ 40,000,000

$ 60,000,000

ASU 2016-02

Retirement benefits

Recognized ROU assets

$ 3,150,000

8,520,000

$ 15,000,000

Total lease liabilities (including current and non-current) for operating lease

8,910,000

10,140,000

$ 14,400,000

Operating Lease, Liability, Current

2,060,000

5,300,000

Finance lease, liability current

$ 5,560,000

1,690,000

February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Debt term

4 years

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Feb. 28, 2017

Feb. 28, 2017

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 300,000,000

$ 300,000,000

Maturity date

Feb. 28, 2021

Feb. 28, 2021

Feb. 28, 2021

Feb. 28, 2021

Bears interest

7.75%

7.75%

7.75%

November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Debt term

3 years

3 years

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Dec. 01, 2017

Nov. 22, 2017

Nov. 22, 2017

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 100,000,000

$ 100,000,000

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Nov. 22, 2020

Nov. 22, 2020

Bears interest

8.875%

8.875%

8.875%

March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Debt term

2 years

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Mar. 19, 2018

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Mar. 19, 2020

Bears interest

9.875%

October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Debt term

2 years 6 months

2 years 6 months

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Oct. 15, 2021

Apr. 26, 2019

Apr. 15, 2019

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 207,680,000

$ 25,000,000

$ 38,000,000

$ 100,000,000

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Oct. 15, 2021

Oct. 15, 2021

Oct. 15, 2021

Bears interest

14.20%

14.20%

June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Debt term

2 years

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Jun. 29, 2020

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 75,000,000

¥ 514.5

Maturity date

Jun. 29, 2022

Bears interest

12%

12%

September 2023 Senior notes due on September 17, 2023 at 14.50% [Member]

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Sep. 17, 2020

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 300,000,000

Maturity date

Sep. 17, 2023

Sep. 17, 2023

Sep. 17, 2023

Bears interest

14.50%

14.50%

October 2023 Notes Due on October 15, 2023 at 14.20% [Member]

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Oct. 15, 2021

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 205,401,000

Maturity date

Oct. 15, 2023

Bears interest

14.20%

14.20%

Repayment of secured debt

$ 19,101,080

January 2024 Notes Due on January 15, 2024 at 14.0% [Member]

Senior Secured Notes

Debt issuance date

Jan. 25, 2021

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 270

Maturity date

Jan. 15, 2024

Bears interest

14%

Short-term bank acceptance notes [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Notes payable

$ 132,450,166

171,795,040

Short-term bank acceptance notes [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Notes payable and other payables

Debt term

6 months

6 months

Withdrawal Restrictions [Member]

Cash and cash equivalents:

Restricted cash

$ 26,370,690

19,892,994

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent

41,877,755

229,666,355

Restricted Cash Related to Short Term Loans [Member]

Cash and cash equivalents:

Restricted cash

$ 4,626,943

$ 0

Forecast [Member]

Summary of significant accounting policies

Additional funds by adjusting original sale plan | ¥

¥ 3,600

Summary of significant accoun_6

Summary of significant accounting policies - Contract balance (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Summary of significant accounting policies
Contract assets	$ 35,104,329	$ 28,708,229
Customer deposits (note 14)	$ 1,162,430,468	$ 952,939,384

Summary of significant accoun_7

Summary of significant accounting policies - Accounts receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 59,509,152	$ 96,119,056
Other deposits and prepayments	365,505,313	323,322,007
Amounts due from related parties	271,567,484	233,441,459
Total current assets	4,785,819,348	5,600,910,134
Total assets	6,446,279,290	7,669,323,576		$ 7,421,664,433
Total equity	$ 413,229,237	$ 1,025,903,162		791,952,022	$ 745,645,149
ASU No. 2016-13
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable				97,911,510
Other deposits and prepayments				277,463,137
Amounts due from related parties				200,757,623
Total current assets				5,645,063,109
Total assets				7,421,664,433
Total equity				$ 791,952,022
Effects of adoption of Credit Loss ASUs
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable			$ (2,829,696)
Other deposits and prepayments			(1,908,929)
Amounts due from related parties			(1,781,767)
Total current assets			(6,520,392)
Total assets			(6,520,392)
Total equity			(6,520,392)
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable			95,081,814
Other deposits and prepayments			275,554,208
Amounts due from related parties			198,975,856
Total current assets			5,638,542,717
Total assets			7,415,144,041
Total equity			$ 785,431,630

Summary of significant accoun_8

Summary of significant accounting policies - Estimated Useful Life (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Corporate aircraft [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	15 years
Vehicles [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Office buildings [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	20 years
Office buildings [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	60 years

Summary of significant accoun_9

Summary of significant accounting policies - Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Summary of significant accounting policies
Amortization of issuance cost related to long-term debt	$ 349,045	$ 116,249	$ 8,132,103
Interest expense of finance leases	45,561,734	31,286,261	973,842
Interest on borrowings	272,562,353	312,779,581	308,747,957
Total interest costs	318,473,132	344,182,091	317,853,902
Total interest costs capitalized	(135,074,360)	(214,694,686)	(204,078,542)
Interest expense, net	$ 183,398,772	$ 129,487,405	$ 113,775,360

Summary of significant accou_10

Summary of significant accounting policies - Effect of change in estimate (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Summary of significant accounting policies
Gross profit	$ 67,936,916	$ 292,466,748	$ 560,309,621
Net income loss	$ (417,307,378)	$ (81,040,908)	$ 68,344,527
Basic	$ (3.89)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.60
Diluted	$ (3.89)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.60
Contracts Accounted for under Percentage of Completion [Member] | Certain Real Estate Development Projects [Member]
Summary of significant accounting policies
Gross profit	$ 265,300,000	$ 94,500,000	$ 59,100,000
Net income loss	$ 199,000,000	$ 70,900,000	$ 44,300,000
Basic	$ 1.85	$ 0.66	$ 0.39
Diluted	$ 1.85	$ 0.66	$ 0.39

Short-term investments (Details

Short-term investments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Trading securities:
Fair Value	$ 85,211,338	$ 6,111,129
Cost	114,816,065	2,079,228
Unrealized (loss) gain in profit and loss	(29,604,727)	4,031,901
Net realized gain on short-term investments	598,630	1,021,043
Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Trading securities:
Unrealized (loss) gain in profit and loss		4,031,901
Investment product [Member] | Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Trading securities:
Unrealized (loss) gain in profit and loss	(29,604,727)
REITs [Member] | Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Trading securities:
Fair Value		6,108,322
Cost		2,049,344
Unrealized (loss) gain in profit and loss		4,058,978
REITs [Member] | Significant Unobservable Input (Level 3) [Member]
Trading securities:
Unrealized (loss) gain in profit and loss		(27,077)
Fair Value, Equity securities without readily determinable fair value		2,807
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value, Carrying Value		$ 29,884
Equity securities [Member] | Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Trading securities:
Fair Value	85,211,338
Cost	$ 114,816,065

Other receivables (Details)

Other receivables (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other receivables
Total	$ 298,190,097	$ 335,840,652
Real estate properties held for lease, net member
Other receivables
Total	298,190,097	335,840,652
Henan Derun Real Estate Co. Ltd ("Henan Derun")
Other receivables
Total	154,038,237	139,364,804
Zhengzhou Jiahe Real Estate Co. Ltd ("Zhengzhou Jiahe")
Other receivables
Total	0	101,361,020	$ 67,400,000
Zhengzhou Yongzhi Jianxin Meiyu Private Equity Fund ("Zhengzhou Yongzhi")
Other receivables
Total	25,095,284	24,521,449
Due from contractors
Other receivables
Total	20,298,040	16,322,092
Due from Zijin Royal Palace
Other receivables
Total	44,750,333
Others
Other receivables
Total	$ 54,008,203	$ 54,271,287

Other receivables - Additional

Other receivables - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Other receivables
Other receivables				$ 298,190,097		$ 335,840,652
Credit loss				14,709,839		12,609,405
Real estate properties held for lease, net member
Other receivables
Other receivables				298,190,097		335,840,652
Henan Derun Real Estate Co. Ltd ("Henan Derun")
Other receivables
Interest rate			18%
Percentage of ownership interest used to settle receivables through transfer of certain parcels of land properties		80%
Settlement of bank loans to release the land pledged in bank		$ 77,100,000
Other receivables				154,038,237		139,364,804
Zhengzhou Jiahe Real Estate Co. Ltd ("Zhengzhou Jiahe")
Other receivables
Percentage of ownership interest used to settle receivables through transfer of certain parcels of land properties	80%
Other receivables			$ 67,400,000	0	$ 67,400,000	101,361,020
Zhengzhou Jiahe Real Estate Co. Ltd ("Zhengzhou Jiahe") | Minimum [Member]
Other receivables
Interest rate					15%
Zhengzhou Jiahe Real Estate Co. Ltd ("Zhengzhou Jiahe") | Maximum [Member]
Other receivables
Interest rate					18%
Zhengzhou Yongzhi Jianxin Meiyu Private Equity Fund ("Zhengzhou Yongzhi")
Other receivables
Other receivables				25,095,284		$ 24,521,449
Equity interest transferred (in percent)							98%
Consideration for transfer of equity interest							$ 122,607,243
Payments received for transfer of equity interest				98,085,794
Credit loss				$ 0

Real estate properties develo_3

Real estate properties development completed and under development (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Real estate properties development completed	$ 500,875,235	$ 439,204,753	$ 458,204,518
Real estate properties under development	2,368,747,467	3,010,624,339	$ 3,254,387,749
Total real estate properties development completed and under development	2,869,622,702	3,449,829,092
Collateral Pledged [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Land use rights net	333,926,609	418,658,396
Land use rights [Member]
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Total real estate properties development completed and under development	$ 1,544,418,492	$ 1,171,226,276

Real estate properties held f_3

Real estate properties held for lease, net - Properties Held for Lease (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	$ 496,759,179	$ 530,951,625
Accumulated depreciation	(56,458,807)	(47,843,418)
Real estate properties held for lease, net	440,300,371	483,108,207	$ 515,868,908
Depreciation expense	$ 8,237,055	8,625,765
Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Remaining lease periods	25 days
Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Remaining lease periods	20 years
Collateral Pledged [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Real estate properties held for lease, net	$ 174,811,201	180,481,463
Elementary schools [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	3,345,332	3,268,838
Basement parking [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	9,122,951	9,081,394
Kindergartens [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	9,326,258	11,098,383
Parking facilities [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	95,414,729	99,897,514
Clubhouses [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	8,410,108	8,217,800
Shopping mall [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	282,353,261	277,532,448
Shopping mall equipment [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Equipment acquired under finance lease, gross	7,822,133	7,643,588
Residential Properties [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Line Items]
Total costs	$ 88,786,540	$ 121,855,248

Real estate properties held f_4

Real estate properties held for lease, net - Minimum Future Rental Income (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Real estate properties held for lease, net
2022	$ 17,768,382
2023	17,954,627
2024	18,299,684
2025	18,623,886
2026 and thereafter	109,175,551
Total	$ 181,822,130

Property and equipment, net (De

Property and equipment, net (Details)			12 Months Ended			37 Months Ended	107 Months Ended
	Sep. 15, 2021 payment	Jun. 15, 2020 payment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 14, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 15, 2021 USD ($)	Oct. 23, 2012
Property and equipment, net
Total			$ 75,379,483	$ 79,885,501
Accumulated depreciation			(39,853,550)	(37,125,590)
Property and equipment, net			35,525,933	42,759,911
Depreciation expense			4,839,442	4,696,140	$ 5,904,454
Accumulated depreciation expense			39,853,550	37,125,590	31,318,028
Amortization of finance lease assets			2,690,976	3,494,618
Lessee, Finance Lease, Term of Contract		3 years
Number of quarterly lease payments | payment		12
Quarterly lease payments, amount						$ 1,105,274
Corporate aircraft [Member]
Property and equipment, net
Amortization of finance lease assets			2,659,483	2,486,630	2,336,187
Accumulated amortization expense related to the corporate aircraft capital lease			22,311,148	16,579,927	$ 14,601,171
Finance lease right-of-use asset -Corporate aircraft
Property and equipment, net
Total			40,361,413	39,438,499
Vehicles [Member]
Property and equipment, net
Total			4,795,223	5,825,039
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and equipment, net
Total			10,879,140	10,895,581
Office buildings [Member]
Property and equipment, net
Total			19,343,707	$ 23,726,382
Assets Held under Capital Leases [Member]
Property and equipment, net
Lessee, Finance Lease, Term of Contract								8 years
Number of quarterly lease payments | payment	32
Quarterly lease payments, amount							$ 1,426,000
Deposit used as full and final payment			$ 6,700,000

Long-term investments (Details)

Long-term investments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2019	Mar. 21, 2018	Sep. 04, 2017	Apr. 19, 2017
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	$ 225,290,809
Total	667,227,852	$ 874,276,856
Share of loss/(gain) of equity investees	23,345,765	(17,028,301)	$ 5,416,471
Equity Method Investment Difference Between Aggregate Investment And Proportionate Share Of Net Assets	0	0
Beijing Huiju [Member]
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Received refund of transferred	98,700,000
Zhengzhou Lianhe Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Nonmarketable equity securities, Initial Cost	$ 241,648	$ 241,648
Nonmarketable equity securities, Ownership	1.85%	1.85%
Nonmarketable equity securities	$ 313,691	$ 306,518
Zhengzhou Taike Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Nonmarketable equity securities, Initial Cost	$ 738,073	$ 738,073
Nonmarketable equity securities, Ownership	3.75%	3.75%
Nonmarketable equity securities	$ 784,228	$ 766,295
Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd.
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	523,459,957	523,459,957							$ 505,200,000
Equity method investees	$ 539,866,587	$ 532,385,009
Equity Method Investees, Ownership	49%	49%		21%
Payments to acquire equity method		$ 505,200,000
Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. | Maximum [Member]
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity Method Investees, Ownership									70%
Qingdao Huiju Zhihui City Industrial Development Co., Ltd. | Beijing Huiju [Member]
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Transfer of remaining ownership percentage, as required by the legal action (as a percent)	21%
Refund of unauthorized transfer of cash, as required by the legal action	$ 98,700,000
Legal action final refund unauthorized cash	98,700,000
Cash frozen	98,700,000
Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership)
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	61,998,960	30,608,185						$ 30,600,000
Equity method investees	46,617,348	$ 18,337,862
Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) | Partner One [Member]
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	31,400,000							91,800,000
Wuhu Penghong Investment Center (Limited Partnership) | Partner Two [Member]
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost								$ 3,100,000
Henan Yanchuang Management and Consulting Co., Ltd
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost					$ 0
Equity Method Investees, Ownership		49%			49%
Jiazhaoye Health Industry (Sanya) Investment Co., Ltd
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost		$ 225,290,809
Equity method investees		$ 225,290,809
Equity Method Investees, Ownership		49%			49%
Madison Development Limited
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	$ 19,095,969	$ 19,095,969					$ 19,100,000
Equity method investees		$ 15,766,779
Equity Method Investees, Ownership	50%	50%					50%
Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	$ 42,041,464	$ 42,041,464				$ 42,000,000
Equity method investees	$ 16,646,705	$ 21,266,345
Equity Method Investees, Ownership	24%	24%				24%
Others
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Equity method investees, Initial Cost	$ 68,076,387	$ 69,160,051
Equity method investees	$ 62,999,293	$ 60,157,239

Long-term investments - Summari

Long-term investments - Summarized combined financial information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 4,785,819,348	$ 5,600,910,134
Current liabilities	4,777,783,176	4,536,333,378
Non-controlling interest	159,130,726	360,431,202
Gross revenue	1,536,017,781	1,745,763,191	$ 2,482,632,812
Gross profit	67,936,916	292,466,748	560,309,621
Net loss	(413,262,114)	$ (67,483,880)	$ 83,028,802
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Long Term Investment [Line Items]
Current assets	1,397,685,000
Non-current assets	273,409,000
Current liabilities	798,115,000
Non-current liabilities	520,324,000
Non-controlling interest	(3,962,000)
Gross revenue	218,446,000
Gross profit	52,767,000
Loss from continuing operations	(23,799,000)
Net loss	(42,547,000)
Net loss attributable to the Company	$ (23,346,000)

Acquisition of subsidiaries - 2

Acquisition of subsidiaries - 2019 Acquisition Activity (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2021
Xitou [Member]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred	$ 16,486,299
Goodwill	6,624,594
Xichuang
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred	11,212,797
Goodwill	5,159,916
Goodwill, tax deductible amount		$ 0
I-Journey [Member]
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred	21,062,847
Goodwill	$ 12,927,103
Goodwill, tax deductible amount		$ 0

Acquisition of subsidiaries - F

Acquisition of subsidiaries - Fair value of assets and liabilities (Details)		1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Minimum [Member]
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	6 years
Maximum [Member]
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life		10 years
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 827,011	$ 827,011
Other current assets	1,118,618	1,118,618
Deferred tax assets	2,887,353	2,887,353
Other non-current assets	87,226	87,226
Goodwill	24,711,613	24,711,613
Current liabilities	(2,010,290)	(2,010,290)
Deferred tax liabilities	(2,887,353)
Non-controlling interest	(168,788)	(168,788)
Total Consideration	48,761,943
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Technology [Member]
Intangible assets	21,573,348	21,573,348
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Trademarks [Member]
Intangible assets	2,623,205	2,623,205
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinruifeng subgroup
Cash and cash equivalents	472,974	472,974
Other current assets	262,373	262,373
Deferred tax assets	1,057,527	1,057,527
Other non-current assets	29,935	29,935
Goodwill	6,624,594	6,624,594
Current liabilities	(269,349)	(269,349)
Deferred tax liabilities	(1,057,527)
Non-controlling interest	(80,631)	(80,631)
Total Consideration	16,486,299
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinruifeng subgroup | Technology [Member]
Intangible assets	9,446,403	9,446,403
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinruifeng subgroup | Trademarks [Member]
Intangible assets	0	0
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinhujin subgroup
Cash and cash equivalents	276,511	276,511
Other current assets	164,373	164,373
Deferred tax assets	1,170,995	1,170,995
Other non-current assets	14,176	14,176
Goodwill	5,159,916	5,159,916
Current liabilities	(241,318)	(241,318)
Deferred tax liabilities	(1,170,995)
Non-controlling interest	(37,986)	(37,986)
Total Consideration	11,212,797
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinhujin subgroup | Technology [Member]
Intangible assets	5,877,125	5,877,125
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinhujin subgroup | Trademarks [Member]
Intangible assets	0	0
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinzhihui subgroup
Cash and cash equivalents	77,526	77,526
Other current assets	691,872	691,872
Deferred tax assets	658,831	658,831
Other non-current assets	43,115	43,115
Goodwill	12,927,103	12,927,103
Current liabilities	(1,499,623)	(1,499,623)
Deferred tax liabilities	(658,831)
Non-controlling interest	(50,171)	(50,171)
Total Consideration	21,062,847
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinzhihui subgroup | Technology [Member]
Intangible assets	6,249,820	6,249,820
Xitou, Xichuang and I-journey | Xinzhihui subgroup | Trademarks [Member]
Intangible assets	$ 2,623,205	$ 2,623,205

Short-term bank loans and oth_3

Short-term bank loans and other debt - Short-term bank loans and other debt (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 99,468,777	$ 13,624,730
Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan From Hua Xia Bank Co Ltd Due December 28 2021 At 8.00 Per Annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 0	9,195,543
Maturity date	Dec. 28, 2021
Stated rate	8%
Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co Ltd Due July 10, 2022 at 7.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 4,391,675	0
Maturity date	Jul. 10, 2022
Stated rate	7%
Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co Ltd Due June 11, 2022 at 7.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 12,547,642	0
Maturity date	Jun. 11, 2022
Stated rate	7%
Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan from Hua Xia Bank Co Ltd Due March 30, 2022 at 8.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 6,273,821	0
Maturity date	Mar. 30, 2022
Stated rate	8%
Loan from Tianjin Financial Exchange Center Co., Ltd. [Member] | Loan from Tianjin Financial Exchange Center Co., Ltd. at 8.00% Per Annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 0	2,896,595
Stated rate	8%
Loan from Shenzhen Zhong'an Finance Leasing Co.,Ltd. [Member] | Loan from Shenzhen Zhong'an Finance Leasing Co.,Ltd. at 5.89% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 1,568,455	1,532,592
Stated rate	5.89%
Loan from Everbright Bank [Member] | Loan from Everbright Bank Due October 19, 2022 at 8.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 4,705,366	0
Maturity date	Oct. 19, 2022
Stated rate	8%
Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd Due July 29, 2022, at 11.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 4,705,366	0
Maturity date	Jul. 29, 2022
Stated rate	11%
Loan from Beijing Zhongjin Chengkai Microfinance Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Beijing Zhongjin Chengkai Microfinance Co., Ltd Due April 29, 2022, at 15.60% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 1,239,080	0
Maturity date	Apr. 29, 2022
Stated rate	15.60%
Loan from Huaxia Pawnshop Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Huaxia Pawnshop Co., Ltd Due June 9 2022 at 30.00% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 326,239	0
Maturity date	Jun. 09, 2022
Stated rate	30%
Loan from Tianjin Guotou Rongshun Microfinance Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Tianjin Guotou Rongshun Microfinance Co., Ltd Due September 26, 2022 at 9.60% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 964,600	0
Maturity date	Sep. 26, 2022
Stated rate	9.60%
Loan from Beijing Dingcheng Pawnshop Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Beijing Dingcheng Pawnshop Co., Ltd Due March 9, 2022 at 19.20% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 1,882,146	0
Maturity date	Mar. 09, 2022
Stated rate	19.20%
Loan from Bohai Bank Xi'an Branch [Member] | Loan from Bohai Bank Xi'an Branch, Due September 2, 2022 at 7.80% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 1,568,455	$ 0
Maturity date	Sep. 02, 2022
Stated rate	7.80%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due February 5, 2022, at 3.90% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 2,270,000
Maturity date	Feb. 05, 2022
Stated rate	3.90%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due January 19, 2022, at 3.90% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 2,130,000
Maturity date	Jan. 19, 2022
Stated rate	3.90%
Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Due March 28, 2022, at 6.50% per annum [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans and other debt	$ 54,895,932
Maturity date	Mar. 28, 2022
Stated rate	6.50%

Short-term bank loans and oth_4

Short-term bank loans and other debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Real estate properties development completed	$ 500,875,235	$ 439,204,753	$ 458,204,518
Restricted cash	$ 220,596,486	$ 83,613,204
Weighted average interest rate on short-term bank loans and other debts	7.32%	7.76%
Property and equipment, net	$ 35,525,933	$ 42,759,911
Collateral Pledged [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Land use rights	333,926,609	418,658,396
Short-term Debt [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member]
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Real estate properties held for lease net book value	19,135,154
Real estate properties development completed	87,535,195	4,257,537
Restricted cash	4,626,943	0
Land use rights	19,272,974	0
Property and equipment, net	9,408,203	$ 0
Short-term Debt [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member] | RMB
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans	95,068,777
Short-term Debt [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member] | US Dollar
Short-term bank loans and other debt
Short-term bank loans	$ 4,400,000

Long-term bank loans (Details)

Long-term bank loans (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 819,296,631	$ 1,071,120,352
Less: current portion of long-term bank loans	(325,219,756)	(482,102,433)
Total long-term bank loans	494,076,875	589,017,919
Real estate properties under development	2,368,747,467	3,010,624,339	$ 3,254,387,749
Real estate properties held for lease	440,300,371	483,108,207	515,868,908
Real estate properties development completed	500,875,235	439,204,753	$ 458,204,518
Property and equipment, net	35,525,933	42,759,911
Restricted cash	220,596,486	83,613,204
Collateral Pledged [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Land use rights	333,926,609	418,658,396
Real estate properties held for lease	$ 174,811,201	$ 180,481,463
Long Term Bank Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
weighted average interest rate	7.24%	6.19%
Long Term Bank Loan [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Real estate properties under development	$ 283,626,547	$ 178,303,075
Land use rights	270,020,262	301,626,788
Real estate properties held for lease	135,459,260	145,121,736
Real estate properties development completed		392,880
Property and equipment, net	9,993,667	9,765,150
Restricted cash	41,877,755	229,666,355
Long Term Bank Loan [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member] | RMB
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long term bank loan	780,824,631
Long Term Bank Loan [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member] | US Dollar
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long term bank loan	$ 38,472,000
Minimum [Member] | Long Term Bank Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Prime Rate Range	100%
Maximum [Member] | Long Term Bank Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Prime Rate Range	211%
Loan from ICBC [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 26,371,879	68,656,992
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due December 26, 2021, at 6.175% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		25,539,089
Maturity date	Dec. 26, 2021
Stated rate	6.175%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due December 22, 2021, at 6.175% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		12,772,610
Maturity date	Dec. 22, 2021
Stated rate	6.175%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due December 30, 2021, at 6.60% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		11,748,839
Maturity date	Dec. 30, 2021
Stated rate	6.60%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due December 22, 2021, at 9.80% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		12,772,610
Maturity date	Dec. 22, 2021
Stated rate	9.80%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due July 23, 2022, at 4.75% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 260,364	5,823,844
Maturity date	Jul. 23, 2022
Stated rate	4.75%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due April 13, 2022, at 9.80% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 13,068,369
Maturity date	Apr. 13, 2022
Stated rate	9.80%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due April 13, 2022, at 9.80% per annum One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,507,393
Maturity date	Apr. 13, 2022
Stated rate	9.80%
Loan from ICBC [Member] | Loan from ICBC, Due April 13, 2022, at 9.80% per annum Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,535,753
Maturity date	Apr. 13, 2022
Stated rate	9.80%
Loan from Bank of China [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 24,609,063	51,433,739
Loan from Bank of China [Member] | Loan from Bank of China, Due October 31, 2021 at 4.75% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		23,847,109
Maturity date	Oct. 31, 2021
Stated rate	4.75%
Loan from Bank of China [Member] | Loan from Bank of China, Due October 31, 2022 at 4.75% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 7,826,592
Maturity date	Oct. 31, 2022
Stated rate	4.75%
Loan from Bank of China [Member] | Loan From Bank Of China Due March 19, 2022 At 5.225% per Annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 16,782,471	27,586,630
Maturity date	Mar. 19, 2022
Stated rate	5.225%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		128,520,000
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia Due June 4, 2021, at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		22,500,000
Maturity date	Jun. 04, 2021
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia Due June 6, 2021, at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		30,000,000
Maturity date	Jun. 06, 2021
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia, Due August 20, 2021, at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		19,170,000
Maturity date	Aug. 20, 2021
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia, Due September 27, 2021, at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		9,100,000
Maturity date	Sep. 27, 2021
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia, Due October 20, 2021, at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		2,100,000
Maturity date	Oct. 20, 2021
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan from The Bank of East Asia, Due October 27, 2021, at 1.10% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		17,570,000
Maturity date	Oct. 27, 2021
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan From The Bank Of East Asia Due January 14 2022 At 110 Plus 1 Month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		3,000,000
Maturity date	Jan. 14, 2022
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan From The Bank Of East Asia Due January 05 2022 At 110 Plus 1 Month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		16,340,000
Maturity date	Jan. 05, 2022
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan From The Bank Of East Asia Due January 5 2022 At 110 Plus 1 Month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		3,240,000
Maturity date	Jan. 05, 2022
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from The Bank of East Asia [Member] | Loan From The Bank Of East Asia Due September 30 2022 At 110 Plus 1 Month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		5,500,000
Maturity date	Sep. 30, 2022
Stated rate	1.10%
Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 20,766,347	91,802,174
Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd. Due April 22, 2021, at 6.8875% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		53,487,410
Maturity date	Apr. 22, 2021
Stated rate	6.8875%
Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd Due May 27, 2021, at 7.3625% Per Annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		4,597,772
Maturity date	May 27, 2021
Stated rate	7.3625%
Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Ping An Bank Co., Ltd.Due March 18, 2022, at 6.5075% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 20,766,347	33,716,992
Maturity date	Mar. 18, 2022
Stated rate	6.5075%
Loan from China Construction Bank [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		59,004,736
Loan from China Construction Bank [Member] | Loan from China Construction Bank, Due August 1, 2021, at 4.35% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		47,816,825
Maturity date	Aug. 01, 2021
Stated rate	4.35%
Loan from China Construction Bank [Member] | Loan from China Construction Bank, Due August 1, 2021, at 4.75% per annum, One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		11,187,911
Maturity date	Aug. 01, 2021
Stated rate	4.75%
Loan from Bank of Minsheng [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 321,721,537	268,509,862
Loan from Bank of Minsheng [Member] | Loan from Bank of Minsheng Due May 30, 2031, at 8.5% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 57,954,421	60,384,067
Maturity date	May 30, 2031
Stated rate	8.50%
Loan from Bank of Minsheng [Member] | Loan from Bank of Minsheng Due March 16 2023 at 7.6% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 204,165,817	208,125,795
Maturity date	Mar. 16, 2023
Stated rate	7.60%
Loan from Bank of Minsheng [Member] | Loan from Bank of Minsheng Due January 14, 2024 at 6.65% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 59,601,299
Maturity date	Jan. 14, 2024
Stated rate	6.65%
Loan from Bank of Hengfeng [Member] | Loan from Bank of Hengfeng, Due August 23, 2023 at 8.25% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 93,009,396
Maturity date	Aug. 23, 2023
Stated rate	8.25%
Loan from Bank of Communications Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Communications Co., Ltd, Due March 18, 2022, at 7.600% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		18,716,226
Maturity date	Mar. 18, 2022
Stated rate	7.60%
Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 173,941,685	176,860,948
Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd, Due September 26, 2021, at 7.000075% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		61,916,658
Maturity date	Sep. 26, 2021
Stated rate	7.00008%
Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd, Due March 26, 2022, at 7.000075% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 56,307,543
Maturity date	Mar. 26, 2022
Stated rate	7.00008%
Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd, Due August 11, 2023 at 6.5% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 117,634,142
Maturity date	Aug. 11, 2023
Stated rate	6.50%
Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Zhengzhou Co., Ltd, Due August 30, 2023, at 6.50% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		114,944,290
Maturity date	Aug. 30, 2023
Stated rate	6.50%
Loan from Bank of Huaxia Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Huaxia Co., Ltd Due Due May 28, 2023, at 5.08% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		18,391,086
Maturity date	May 28, 2023
Stated rate	5.08%
Loan from Bank of Huaxia Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd Due February 20, 2023, at 10.00% Per Annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated rate	10%
Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 13,645,560	14,099,833
Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd Due February 20, 2023, at 10.00% Per Annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 9,410,731	9,195,543
Maturity date	Feb. 20, 2023
Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Xiamen International Bank Co., Ltd Due April 30, 2023, at 6.80% Per Annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 4,234,829	4,904,290
Maturity date	Apr. 30, 2023
Stated rate	6.80%
Loan from Bank of Guangzhou Co., Ltd [Member] | Loan from Bank of Guangzhou Co., Ltd Due September 3, 2024, at 7.30% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 106,759,164	98,577,756
Maturity date	Sep. 03, 2024
Stated rate	7.30%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 38,472,000	7,654,700
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due January 13, 2022, at 2.82% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		2,567,812
Maturity date	Jan. 13, 2022
Stated rate	2.82%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due January 19, 2022, at 2.82% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		16,808,448
Maturity date	Jan. 19, 2022
Stated rate	2.82%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due February 26, 2022, at 2.82% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		19,320,740
Maturity date	Feb. 26, 2022
Stated rate	2.82%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due January 1, 2022, at 2.90% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		1,350,000
Maturity date	Jan. 01, 2022
Stated rate	2.90%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due November 10, 2022, at 2.90% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total		$ 36,500,000
Maturity date	Nov. 10, 2022
Stated rate	2.90%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due March 12, 2023, at 3.50% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 19,236,000
Maturity date	Mar. 12, 2023
Stated rate	3.50%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due March 29, 2023, at 3.50% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 1,859,480
Maturity date	Mar. 29, 2023
Stated rate	3.50%
Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd [Member] | Loan from Luso International Banking Ltd Due April 12, 2023, at 3.50% per annum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 17,376,520
Maturity date	Apr. 12, 2023
Stated rate	3.50%

Long-term bank loans - Maturiti

Long-term bank loans - Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: current portion of long-term bank loans	$ (325,219,756)	$ (482,102,433)
Total long-term bank loans	494,076,875	$ 589,017,919
Long Term Bank Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2022	325,219,756
2023	369,102,362
2024	80,744,075
2025	5,411,171
2026 and thereafter	$ 38,819,267

Other long-term debt - Other Lo

Other long-term debt - Other Long Term Debt (Details) ¥ in Millions					1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 15, 2021	Jan. 25, 2021	Sep. 17, 2020	Feb. 28, 2017	Feb. 28, 2017	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 1,416,701,102		$ 1,924,501,190
Less: current portion of other long-term debt						(1,141,600,901)		(911,485,562)
Total other long-term debt						275,100,201		1,013,015,628
Other long term debt						1,141,600,901		911,485,562
Real estate properties under development						2,368,747,467		3,010,624,339	$ 3,254,387,749
Real estate properties held for lease						440,300,371		483,108,207	515,868,908
Real estate properties development completed						500,875,235		439,204,753	$ 458,204,518
Property and equipment, net						35,525,933		42,759,911
Collateral Pledged [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Land use rights						333,926,609		418,658,396
Real estate properties held for lease						174,811,201		180,481,463
Other Long-Term Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: current portion of other long-term debt						(1,141,600,901)
Total other long-term debt						275,100,201
Other long term debt						1,141,600,901
Other Long-Term Debt [Member] | RMB
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: current portion of other long-term debt						(498,037,647)
Other long term debt						498,037,647
Other Long-Term Debt [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Real estate properties under development						129,857,246		23,841,896
Land use rights						44,633,373		117,031,608
Real estate properties held for lease						20,216,787		35,359,727
Real estate properties development completed						2,890,943		44,949,795
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member] | US Dollar
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: current portion of other long-term debt						(918,663,456)
Other long term debt						918,663,456
Property and equipment, net member | Other Long-Term Debt [Member] | Collateral Pledged [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net						$ 18,050,265		20,266,967
February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt								224,952,688
Maturity date				Feb. 28, 2021	Feb. 28, 2021	Feb. 28, 2021
Stated rate				7.75%	7.75%	7.75%	7.75%
October 2021 Senior Secured Notes Due On October 16 2021 At 14.20% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt								253,678,567
Maturity date						Oct. 16, 2021
Stated rate						14.20%	14.20%
June 2022 Senior notes due on June 29, 2022 at 14.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 78,997,031		71,101,480
Maturity date						Jun. 29, 2022
Stated rate						12%	12%
June 2022 Senior notes due on June 29, 2022 at 14.00% [Member] | Other Long-Term Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 394,641,160
June 2022 Senior notes due on June 29, 2022 at 14.00% [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: current portion of other long-term debt | ¥							¥ (545.5)
Other long term debt | ¥							¥ 545.5
September 2023 Senior notes due on September 17, 2023 at 14.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 253,096,367		296,902,963
Maturity date			Sep. 17, 2023			Sep. 17, 2023
Stated rate			14.50%			14.50%	14.50%
October 2023 Notes Due on October 15, 2023 at 14.20% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 132,576,797
Maturity date	Oct. 15, 2023
Stated rate	14.20%					14.20%	14.20%
January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 262,064,363
Maturity date		Jan. 25, 2024				Jan. 25, 2024
Stated rate		14%				14%	14%
Corporate Bonds Due On November 13 2025 At 8.35% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 27,747,400		40,142,724
Maturity date						Nov. 13, 2025
Stated rate						8.35%	8.35%
Corporate Bonds Due On Januray 4, 2026 at 8.35% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 15,347,334
Stated rate						8.35%	8.35%
Loan from Ping Trust Co. Ltd Due May 31.2022 At 12.80 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 35,603,934		102,223,789
Maturity date						May 31, 2022
Stated rate						12.80%	12.80%
Loan from Wanxiang Trust Co., Ltd, Due April 30, 2021 at 12.00%
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt								30,651,811
Maturity date						Apr. 30, 2021
Stated rate						12%	12%
Loan from China huarong asset management Co., Ltd, Due November 8, 2021 at 12.00%
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt								24,671,642
Maturity date						Nov. 08, 2021
Stated rate						12%	12%
China Huarong Asset Management Co., Ltd, Due April 20, 2022 at 12.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 42,348,291		41,379,945
Maturity date						Apr. 20, 2022
Stated rate						12%	12%
China Huarong Asset Management Co., Ltd, Due November 27, 2022 at 12.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 20,857,318
Maturity date						Nov. 27, 2022
Stated rate						12%	12%
Loan from Chang 'an international trust Co., Ltd, Due December 10, 2023 at 9.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 169,393,164		274,180,447
Maturity date						Dec. 10, 2023
Stated rate						9%	9%
Loan from Henan Zhongyuan Microfinance Co., Ltd, Due July 23, 2021 at 11.60% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt								6,130,362
Maturity date						Jul. 23, 2021
Stated rate						11.60%	11.60%
Loan from Min Sheng Finance Lease Co., Ltd Due July 15, 2023 at 5.85% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 6,452,550		10,213,324
Maturity date						Jul. 15, 2023
Stated rate						5.85%	5.85%
Loan from Zhongrong International Trust Co. Ltd. Due May 13, 2022 at 13.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 0		229,888,577
Maturity date						May 13, 2022
Stated rate						13%	13%
Loan from Daye Trust Co., Ltd Due August 31, 2022 at 11.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 94,107,314		91,955,432
Maturity date						Aug. 31, 2022
Stated rate						11.50%	11.50%
Loan from Daye Trust Co., Ltd Due October 16, 2022 at 14.50% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 34,506,015
Maturity date						Oct. 16, 2022
Stated rate						14.50%	14.50%
Loan from Hubei Tian Qian Asset Management Co., Ltd Due July 14, 2022 at 13.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 35,989,774		50,575,488
Maturity date						Jul. 14, 2022
Stated rate						13%	13%
Loan from China Minsheng Trust Co., Ltd Due January 22, 2023 at 10.00% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 15,684,552		0
Maturity date						Jan. 22, 2023
Stated rate						10%	10%
Kent EB-5 LLC loan due on January 23, 2020 at 5.95% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 41,928,898		53,000,000
Maturity date						Jan. 23, 2022
Stated rate						5.95%	5.95%
Ozarks loan due on March 24, 2020 at 4.50% plus 1 month LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt								92,851,951
Maturity date						Mar. 24, 2021
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate						4.50%
Loan from 135-35 NORTHERN BLVD 1&2 LLC, Due May 1, 2021 at 8.5% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 30,000,000		$ 30,000,000
Maturity date						May 01, 2021
Stated rate						8.50%	8.50%
Loan from Ares Management Due January 12, 2024 at 10.05% [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total principal of other long-term debt						$ 120,000,000
Maturity date						Jan. 12, 2024
Stated rate						10.05%	10.05%

Other long-term debt - Maturiti

Other long-term debt - Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: current portion of other long-term debt	$ (1,141,600,901)	$ (911,485,562)
Total other long-term debt	275,100,201	$ 1,013,015,628
Other Long-Term Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2022	1,141,600,901
2023	112,005,467
2024	120,000,000
2025	27,747,400
2026 and thereafter	15,347,334
Less: current portion of other long-term debt	(1,141,600,901)
Total other long-term debt	$ 275,100,201

Other long-term debt - Addition

Other long-term debt - Additional Information (Details) ¥ in Millions

1 Months Ended

2 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

4 Months Ended

5 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

10 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Oct. 15, 2021 USD ($)

Feb. 09, 2021

Jan. 25, 2021 USD ($)

Jan. 07, 2021 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2020 USD ($)

Nov. 22, 2020

Nov. 16, 2020

Nov. 12, 2020 USD ($)

Sep. 17, 2020 USD ($)

Jun. 29, 2020 USD ($)

Apr. 26, 2019 USD ($)

Apr. 16, 2019

Apr. 15, 2019 USD ($)

Apr. 07, 2019 USD ($)

Apr. 01, 2019 USD ($)

Jan. 04, 2019 USD ($)

Dec. 21, 2018 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2018 USD ($)

Sep. 21, 2018 USD ($)

Sep. 20, 2018 USD ($)

Aug. 03, 2018 USD ($)

Mar. 20, 2018 USD ($)

Mar. 19, 2018 USD ($)

Dec. 01, 2017 USD ($)

Dec. 01, 2017 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2017

Nov. 22, 2017 USD ($)

Apr. 07, 2017 USD ($)

Feb. 28, 2017 USD ($)

Aug. 15, 2016 USD ($)

Mar. 14, 2016 USD ($)

Jan. 27, 2016 USD ($)

Dec. 28, 2015 USD ($)

Sep. 23, 2019 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2017

Feb. 28, 2017 USD ($)

Aug. 12, 2019 USD ($)

Nov. 12, 2019 USD ($)

Jun. 21, 2019 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)

Aug. 14, 2019 USD ($)

Jun. 21, 2019 USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2020 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021 CNY (¥)

Jan. 07, 2021 CNY (¥)

Nov. 30, 2020 CNY (¥)

Nov. 12, 2020 CNY (¥)

Jun. 29, 2020 CNY (¥)

Nov. 12, 2019 CNY (¥)

Sep. 23, 2019 CNY (¥)

Aug. 15, 2019 USD ($)

Aug. 15, 2019 CNY (¥)

Aug. 14, 2019 CNY (¥)

Aug. 12, 2019 CNY (¥)

Jun. 21, 2019 CNY (¥)

Apr. 07, 2019 CNY (¥)

Apr. 01, 2019 CNY (¥)

Jan. 04, 2019 CNY (¥)

Dec. 28, 2018

Dec. 21, 2018 CNY (¥)

Nov. 30, 2018 CNY (¥)

Sep. 21, 2018 CNY (¥)

Sep. 20, 2018 CNY (¥)

Aug. 03, 2018 CNY (¥)

Mar. 20, 2018 CNY (¥)

Aug. 15, 2017

Apr. 07, 2017 CNY (¥)

Aug. 15, 2016 CNY (¥)

Mar. 14, 2016 CNY (¥)

Jan. 27, 2016 CNY (¥)

Dec. 28, 2015 CNY (¥)

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

$ (1,843,306)

$ (8,580,510)

First Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 87,000,000

$ 57,000,000

¥ 400

¥ 600

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(6,518,487)

(1,484)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

8,913

1,659

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 6,509,574

$ 175

Second Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 30,000,000

$ 58,000,000

$ 13,000,000

$ 30,000,000

¥ 210

¥ 90

¥ 400

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(4,775,500)

127,864

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

2,216

562

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 4,773,284

$ 128,426

Third Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

300,000

$ 71,000,000

300,000

2.1

¥ 497.9

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(743,034)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

2,100

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 740,934

New Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated rate

8.20%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 153,000,000

$ 64,000,000

¥ 450

¥ 1,050

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(5,989,710)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

278,844

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 5,710,866

Two thousand seventeen Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated rate

8.20%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 90,000,000

$ 73,000,000

¥ 630

¥ 500

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(1,535,132)

(3,782,353)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

287,796

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 1,535,132

$ 3,494,557

Two Thousand Eighteen Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

18,000,000

$ 58,000,000

$ 11,000,000

18,000,000

124

¥ 76

¥ 400

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(3,599,937)

(20,958)

132,897

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

296,957

308,851

$ 20,958

296,957

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

164,060

$ 3,291,086

164,060

2019 Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

1,300,000

$ 85,000,000

$ 85,000,000

1,300,000

9

¥ 591

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(1,894,262)

(303,532)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

138,289

465,317

465,317

138,289

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

165,243

1,428,945

1,428,945

165,243

Two Thousand Nineteen First Tranche

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

49,000,000

91,000,000

91,000,000

49,000,000

343

¥ 637

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(3,977,493)

(423,011)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

350,371

482,825

482,825

350,371

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

72,640

$ 3,494,668

$ 3,494,668

72,640

2020 Tranche

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

94,000,000

94,000,000

$ 12,000,000

¥ 77.1

¥ 646

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(261,320)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

260,828

260,828

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 492

$ 492

Two Thousand Twenty One Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 62,000,000

¥ 402.2

Maximum [Member] | First Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated rate

8.20%

Minimum [Member] | First Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated rate

7.50%

November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Dec. 01, 2017

Nov. 22, 2017

Nov. 22, 2017

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 100,000,000

$ 100,000,000

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Nov. 22, 2020

Nov. 22, 2020

Stated rate

8.875%

8.875%

8.875%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

9.95%

9.95%

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

45,800,000

900,000

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(216,290)

38,136

Debt instruments redemption difference between repurchase price and principal amount

42,214

47,200

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

174,076

9,064

Debt term

3 years

3 years

November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

Corporate Bonds Due On December 28, 2020 at 7.5% [Member] | First Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Dec. 28, 2015

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 154,000,000

¥ 1,000

Maturity date

Dec. 28, 2020

Stated rate

7.50%

7.50%

Corporate bonds due on January 27, 2021 at 7.47% [Member] | Second Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Jan. 27, 2016

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 107,000,000

¥ 700

Maturity date

Jan. 27, 2021

Stated rate

7.47%

7.47%

Corporate Bonds Due on August 15 2019 at 7.5% [Member] | New Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Aug. 15, 2016

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 216,000,000

¥ 1,500

Maturity date

Aug. 15, 2019

Stated rate

7.50%

7.50%

7.50%

February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Feb. 28, 2017

Feb. 28, 2017

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 300,000,000

$ 300,000,000

Maturity date

Feb. 28, 2021

Feb. 28, 2021

Feb. 28, 2021

Stated rate

7.75%

7.75%

7.75%

7.75%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

8.68%

8.68%

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 20,000,000

$ 25,400,000

$ 20,000,000

19,000,000

10,600,000

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

2,642,710

(588,507)

1,126,617

Debt instruments redemption difference between repurchase price and principal amount

3,043,135

348,581

1,246,256

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

$ 400,425

239,926

119,639

Debt term

4 years

February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

Corporate bonds due on March 14, 2021 at 7.09% [Member] | Third Tranche Bonds [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Mar. 14, 2016

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 77,000,000

¥ 500

Maturity date

Mar. 14, 2021

Stated rate

7.09%

7.09%

Corporate bonds due on September 21, 2020 at 8.50% [Member] | Two Thousand Eighteen Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Sep. 20, 2018

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 87,000,000

¥ 600

Maturity date

Sep. 21, 2020

Stated rate

8.50%

8.50%

Corporate Bonds Due in April 7, 2020 at 8.2% [Member] | Two thousand seventeen Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Apr. 07, 2017

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 173,000,000

¥ 1,130

Maturity date

Apr. 07, 2020

Stated rate

8.20%

8.20%

March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Mar. 19, 2018

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Mar. 19, 2020

Stated rate

9.875%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

11.34%

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

11,700,000

75,700,000

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(563,941)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

563,941

Debt term

2 years

March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Oct. 15, 2021

Apr. 26, 2019

Apr. 15, 2019

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 207,680,000

$ 25,000,000

$ 38,000,000

$ 100,000,000

$ 200,000,000

Maturity date

Oct. 15, 2021

Oct. 15, 2021

Oct. 15, 2021

Stated rate

14.20%

14.20%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

semi-annually

Redemption price

101%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

5,500,000

2,500,000

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(176,209)

(25,240)

Debt instruments redemption difference between repurchase price and principal amount

176,209

52,500

Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense

$ 77,740

Debt term

2 years 6 months

2 years 6 months

Cash consideration in full satisfaction of the exchange consideration

19,101,080

October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

October 2021 Senior Secured Notes Due On October 15 2023 At 14.20% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

205,401,000

$ 300,000,000

$ 300,000,000

October 2023 Senior Secured Notes Due On October 15 2023 At 14.2% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 205,401,000

Maturity date

Oct. 15, 2023

Stated rate

14.20%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

16.65%

16.65%

Redemption terms

At any time prior to October 15, 2023, the Company may at its option redeem the October 2023 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the October 2023 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any October 2023 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such October 2023 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such October 2023 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such October 2023 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the October 2023 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the October 2023 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such October 2023 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

114.50%

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt term

2 years

Debt Instrument Redemption Price

$ 66,100,000

Cash consideration in full satisfaction of the exchange consideration

$ 19,101,080

October 2023 Senior Secured Notes Due On October 15 2023 At 14.2% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

35%

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

October 2023 Senior Secured Notes Due On October 15 2023 At 14.2% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

65%

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Feb. 09, 2021

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 270,000,000

Maturity date

Jan. 25, 2024

Jan. 25, 2024

Stated rate

14%

14%

14%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

14.49%

14.49%

Redemption terms

At any time prior to January 25, 2024, the Company may at its option redeem the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any January 2024 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such January 2024 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such January 2024 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such January 2024 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the January 2024 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the January 2024 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such January 2024 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 5,500,000

Debt term

3 years

January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

June 2022 Senior Secured Notes at 12.00% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Jul. 03, 2020

June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Jun. 29, 2020

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 75,000,000

¥ 514.5

Maturity date

Jun. 29, 2022

Stated rate

12%

12%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

15.69%

15.69%

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt term

2 years

June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Sep. 17, 2020

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 300,000,000

Maturity date

Sep. 17, 2023

Stated rate

14.50%

Debt Instrument, Frequency of Periodic Payment

semi-annually

Effective interest rate

15.69%

15.69%

Minimum Percentage of Common Shares Owned By Subject To Certain Qualifications And Exceptions And Satisfaction

10%

Debt Instrument Redemption Amount

$ 41,200,000

1,000,000

Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment

(7,334)

Debt instruments redemption difference between repurchase price and principal amount

$ 7,334

Debt term

3 years

September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

2

2

September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1

1

Corporate Bonds Due in January 4, 2022 at 8.5% | 2019 Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Jan. 04, 2019

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 87,000,000

¥ 600

Maturity date

Jan. 04, 2022

Stated rate

8.50%

8.50%

Corporate Bonds Due in April 1, 2024 at 8.4% | Two Thousand Nineteen First Tranche

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Apr. 01, 2019

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 146,000,000

¥ 980

Maturity date

Apr. 01, 2024

Stated rate

8.40%

8.40%

Corporate bonds due on November 13, 2025 at 8.35% [Member] | 2020 Tranche

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Nov. 12, 2020

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 130,000,000

¥ 900

Maturity date

Nov. 13, 2025

Stated rate

8.35%

Onshore Corporate Bonds Due On January 07, 2026 [Member] | Two Thousand Twenty One Tranche [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt issuance date

Jan. 07, 2021

Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount

$ 78,000,000

¥ 500

Maturity date

Jan. 07, 2026

Stated rate

8.35%

8.35%

October 2023 Senior Secured Notes Due On October 15 2022 At 14.2% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Maturity date

Oct. 15, 2023

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to November 22, 2020, the Company may at its option redeem the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any November 2020 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such November 2020 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such November 2020 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such November 2020 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the November 2020 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such November 2020 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis

the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the November 2020 Indenture)

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to February 28, 2021, the Company may at its option redeem the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any February 2021 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such February 2021 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such February 2021 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such February 2021 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the February 2021 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such February 2021 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis

the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the February 2021 Indenture)

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to March 19, 2020, the Company may at its option redeem the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any March 2020 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such March 2020 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such March 2020 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such March 2020 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the March 2020 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such March 2020 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis

the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the March 2020 Indenture)

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to October 15, 2021, the Company may at its option redeem the October 2021 Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the October 2021 Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any October 2021 Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through the maturity date of the October 2021 Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis

the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the Indenture)

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to June 29, 2022, the Company may at its option redeem the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any June 2022 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such June 2022 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such June 2022 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such June 2022 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2022 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such June 2022 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis

the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the June 2022 Indenture)

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to September 17, 2023, the Company may at its option redeem the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of the principal amount of the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. “Applicable Premium” means with respect to any September 2023 Senior Secured Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such September 2023 Senior Secured Note and (ii) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of the principal amount of such September 2023 Senior Secured Note, plus all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such September 2023 Senior Secured Note through the maturity date of the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the September 2023 Indenture) plus 100 basis points, over (B) the principal amount of such September 2023 Senior Secured Note on such redemption date.

Redemption price

100%

Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis

the Adjusted Treasury Rate (as defined in the September 2023 Indenture)

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member] | Applicable Premium [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

1%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to November 22, 2020, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 108.875% of the principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the November 2020 Senior Secured Notes issued on November 22, 2017 remains outstanding after each such redemption.

Redemption price

108.875%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | November 2020 Senior Secured notes due on November 22, 2020 at 8.875% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to February 28, 2021, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 107.75% of the principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the February 2021 Senior Secured Notes issued on February 28, 2017 remains outstanding after each such redemption.

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | February 2021 Senior notes due on February 28, 2021 at 7.75% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

107.75%

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to March 19, 2020, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 109.875% of the principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the March 2020 Senior Secured Notes issued on March 19, 2018 remains outstanding after each such redemption

Redemption price

109.875%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | March 2020 Senior Secured Notes due on March 19, 2020 at 9.875% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to October 15, 2021, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the October 2021 Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of the Company’s common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 114.2% the principal amount of the October 2021 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the October 2021 Notes issued on April 15, 2019 remains outstanding after each such redemption and any such redemption takes place within 60 days after the closing of the related equity offering.

Redemption price

114.20%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | October 2021 Senior Secured Notes due on October 15, 2021 at 14.20% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption price

114%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | January 2024 Notes Due on January 25, 2024 at 14.00% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to June 29, 2022, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 112% of the principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the June 2022 Senior Secured Notes issued on June 29, 2020 remains outstanding after each such redemption.

Redemption price

112%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | June 2022 Senior Secured Notes Due On June 29 2022 At 12% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Redemption terms

At any time prior to September 17, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more sales of our common shares in certain equity offerings, within a specified period after the equity offering, at a redemption price of 114.5% of the principal amount of the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date, provided that at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the September 2023 Senior Secured Notes issued on September 17, 2020 remains outstanding after each such redemption.

Redemption price

114.50%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Percentage of principal redeemable

35%

Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | September 2023 Senior Secured Notes at 14.50% [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Debt Instrument Carrying Amount Percentage

65%

Leases (Details)

Leases (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lease Assets
Finance lease assets	$ 25,593,140	$ 27,637,683
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, Plant, And Equipment, And Finance Right Of Use Asset, Excluding Lessor Asset Under Operating Lease, After Accumulated Depreciation	Property, Plant, And Equipment, And Finance Right Of Use Asset, Excluding Lessor Asset Under Operating Lease, After Accumulated Depreciation
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 3,147,381	$ 8,516,756
Current
Current portion of finance lease	$ 5,557,782	$ 1,685,850
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total	Total
Current portion of operating lease	$ 2,061,541	$ 5,298,153
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total	Total
Total	$ 7,619,323	$ 6,984,003
Non-current
Finance lease, net of current portion	$ 0	$ 0
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total	Total
Operating lease, net of current portion	$ 1,286,250	$ 3,159,780
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total	Total
Total	$ 1,286,250	$ 3,159,780
Property and equipment, net
Lease Assets
Finance lease assets	18,050,265	20,266,967
Real estate properties held for lease, net
Lease Assets
Finance lease assets	$ 7,542,875	$ 7,370,716

Leases - lease expense (Details

Leases - lease expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$ 5,384,851	$ 6,487,116
Short-term lease cost	2,612,901	1,384,416
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of finance lease assets	2,690,976	3,494,618
Interest on the lease liabilities	501,037	489,581
Total lease cost	11,189,765	11,855,731
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases
Operating cash flows for operating leases	4,485,361	6,354,922
Operating cash flows for finance leases	16,222	155,188
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$ 1,916,297	$ 8,476,338	$ 6,135,547

Leases - Maturities of lease li

Leases - Maturities of lease liabilities (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Finance lease
Year ending December 31, 2022	$ 5,761,266
Year ending December 31, 2023	0
Year ending December 31, 2024	0
Year ending December 31, 2025	0
Total lease payments	5,761,266
Less: imputed interest	(203,484)
Present value of lease liabilities	5,557,782
Operating leases
Year ending December 31, 2022	2,311,216
Year ending December 31, 2023	1,285,644
Year ending December 31, 2024	0
Year ending December 31, 2025	0
Total lease payments	3,596,860
Less: imputed interest	(249,069)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 3,347,791

Leases - Weighted-average remai

Leases - Weighted-average remaining lease term (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases
Operating leases, weighted-average remaining lease term (Years)	1 year 8 months 8 days	1 year 11 months 26 days
Finance leases, weighted-average remaining lease term (Years)	8 months 19 days	10 months 28 days
Operating leases, weighted-average discount rate	1.53%	6.91%
Finance leases, weighted-average discount rate	6.95%	6.95%

Leases - Additional information

Leases - Additional information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Maximum [Member]
Lease
Remaining lease terms	2 years

Customer deposits (Details)

Customer deposits (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Customer Deposits [Line Items]
Advances for real estate properties	$ 2,372,468,138	$ 2,332,850,810
Add: increase in revenue recognized in excess of amounts received from customers	26,302,454	59,622,703
Less: recognized as progress billings	(1,236,340,124)	(1,439,534,129)
Customer deposits (Note 2(h))	$ 1,162,430,468	$ 952,939,384
Minimum [Member]
Customer Deposits [Line Items]
Customer deposits backed by mortgage loans, percentage	40%
Maximum [Member]
Customer Deposits [Line Items]
Customer deposits backed by mortgage loans, percentage	80%

Income taxes - Income Before Ta

Income taxes - Income Before Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income taxes [Line Items]
CIT tax rate	25%	25%	25%
PRC	$ (274,761,993)	$ 162,967,377	$ 355,606,696
Non PRC	(145,780,649)	(95,392,067)	(122,099,522)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	$ (420,542,642)	67,575,310	233,507,174
PRC subsidiaries [Member]
Income taxes [Line Items]
CIT tax rate	25%
Withholding tax rate on dividend distributed by domestic enterprise to foreign tax resident investors (as a percent)	10%
HK subsidiaries [Member]
Income taxes [Line Items]
CIT tax rate	16.50%
US subsidiaries [Member]
Income taxes [Line Items]
CIT tax rate	21%
Withholding tax rate on dividend distributed by domestic enterprise to foreign tax resident investors (as a percent)	30%
Income/(loss) before income taxes	$ (29,727,409)	$ (9,736,454)	$ (13,691,583)

Income taxes - Income Tax Expen

Income taxes - Income Tax Expense (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current:
CIT tax expense/(benefit)	$ 15,227,110	$ (21,471,662)	$ 133,862,272
Land Appreciation Tax ("LAT") expense	39,101,310	90,907,634	68,631,338
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense	(61,608,948)	65,623,218	(52,015,238)
Income tax expense	$ (7,280,528)	$ 135,059,190	$ 150,478,372

Income taxes - CIT Reconciliati

Income taxes - CIT Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income taxes
CIT tax rate	25%	25%	25%
CIT at rate of 25%	$ (105,135,661)	$ 16,893,828	$ 58,376,794
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses	52,251,997	18,115,751	8,867,037
LAT expense	39,101,310	90,907,634	68,631,338
CIT benefit of LAT	(9,775,327)	(22,726,908)	(17,157,834)
Changes in valuation allowance	13,925,825	5,463,801	23,073,210
International rate differences	14,983,887	15,736,526	17,351,758
Dividend and interest withholding taxes	(17,148,376)	13,132,901	(3,816,800)
Adjustment of estimated income tax accruals	3,085,497	(2,850,373)	(4,285,329)
Others	1,430,320	386,030	(561,802)
Income tax expense	$ (7,280,528)	$ 135,059,190	$ 150,478,372

Income taxes - Unrecognized tax

Income taxes - Unrecognized tax benefit and LAT (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Unrecognized tax benefit
Balance at January 1	$ 101,198,970	$ 73,605,084	$ 45,939,234
Additions for tax positions of current year	29,025,853	26,350,344	14,547,590
Reclassification from prior year tax payable	0	14,361,802	13,118,260
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	0	(13,118,260)	0
Movement in current year due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation	336,085	0	0
Balance at December 31	130,560,908	101,198,970	73,605,084
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Expense	25,287,932	23,871,685	12,713,235
Unrecognized tax benefits, Late payment interest	3,128,988	2,478,659	1,834,355
Unrecognized tax benefits, investment loss deduction claim		13,678,371	12,793,498
Unrecognized tax benefits, Late payment interests from prior period	608,933	683,431	$ 324,762
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 13,678,371	$ 13,678,371
Minimum [Member]
Unrecognized tax benefit
LAT Progressive Rate	30%
Maximum [Member]
Unrecognized tax benefit
LAT Progressive Rate	60%

Income taxes - Deferred Tax Ass

Income taxes - Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carried forward	$ 84,046,761	$ 66,153,464
Accruals and provisions	122,633,112	96,041,259
Capitalized expenses	77,494,494	67,506,415
Revenue recognition at a point in time less tax paid under deemed profit method	27,312,910	29,232,706
Revenue recognition of real estate lease income on a straight-line basis	7,144,670	12,394,780
Deemed interest expense	105,354,177	79,851,523
Valuation allowance	(24,633,671)	(25,978,488)
Operating lease liability	836,948	2,114,483
Total deferred tax assets	400,189,401	327,316,142
Deferred tax liabilities:
Revenue recognition over time	(192,007,773)	(140,019,916)
Real estate properties accelerated cost deduction	0	0
Taxable temporary differences arising from asset acquisitions	(202,527,316)	(240,306,881)
Dividend and interest withholding taxes	(45,159,004)	(62,292,677)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(786,845)	(2,129,188)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(440,480,938)	(444,748,662)
Undistributed earnings from subsidiaries	451,600,000	623,100,000
Accrued deferred income tax liabilities	45,200,000	62,300,000
Remaining undistributed earnings	0	131,300,000
Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities	0	13,100,000
Consolidation, Eliminations [Member] | U.S. [Member]
Deferred tax liabilities:
Net operating loss carry forwards	10,300,000	10,300,000
Net operating loss indefinite carry forward	11,200,000	4,800,000
Consolidation, Eliminations [Member] | PRC [Member]
Deferred tax liabilities:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 314,300,000	$ 244,500,000
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	20 years
Consolidation, Eliminations [Member] | PRC [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	10 years
Consolidation, Eliminations [Member] | PRC [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	1 year

Share-based compensation (Detai

Share-based compensation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Share-based compensation
Number of share based compensation plans | item	4
Compensation cost	$ 3,413,610	$ 4,511,190	$ 5,621,588
Tax benefit recognized upon the recognition of compensation cost	$ 0

Share-based compensation - Equi

Share-based compensation - Equity Incentive Plan, 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan, 2015 Long Term Incentive Plan and 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Plan and 2020 Restricted Stock Unit Plan (Details)

1 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019 shares

Aug. 30, 2019 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2018 shares

Apr. 18, 2016 shares

Jul. 29, 2015 USD ($) employee $ / shares shares

Jul. 01, 2015 USD ($) employee $ / shares shares

Apr. 10, 2015 USD ($) shares

May 23, 2014 USD ($) shares

Jul. 30, 2018 USD ($)

Jul. 27, 2017 USD ($) shares

Apr. 18, 2016 USD ($)

Apr. 18, 2016

Nov. 30, 2007 $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares

Jun. 30, 2020 shares

Jun. 30, 2015 shares

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Value of shares repurchased | $

$ 2,920,216

2007 Plan [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Options granted

0

0

2007 Plan [Member] | Service Condition Shares [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period for plan

36 months

2007 Plan [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Service Condition Shares [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Exercise price of options granted | $ / shares

$ 1.085

Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ / shares

$ 0.36

2007 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Total number of shares authorized

10,000,000

2007 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Service Condition Shares [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Exercise price of options granted | $ / shares

$ 1.81

Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ / shares

$ 0.61

2014 RSU Plan [member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period for plan

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

Value of shares repurchased | $

$ 2,912,539

$ 3,259,998

$ 7,042,725

$ 3,976,660

$ 3,485,952

$ 4,003,999

Shares repurchased

1,438,076

1,732,466

1,614,220

2,076,964

4,234,884

0

Weighted average grant-date fair value of restricted shares granted | $ / shares

$ 2.12

$ 2.12

$ 2.12

2014 RSU Plan [member] | Maximum [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Total number of shares authorized

10,000,000

On July 27,2017 for 2014 RSU Plan [member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Shares repurchased

1,356,584

2015 Plan [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Options granted

0

0

2015 Plan [Member] | Service Condition Shares [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Options granted

81,600

6,574,600

Option granted, number of employees | employee

1

22

Exercise price of options granted | $ / shares

$ 1.71

$ 1.71

Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ / shares

$ 0.42

$ 0.48

Total expected compensation cost, net of expected forfeitures | $

$ 34,294

$ 3,165,867

Vesting period for plan

33 months

34 months

Stock options granted, expiration date

Jul. 29, 2025

Jul. 01, 2025

2015 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Total number of shares authorized

20,000,000

2020 RSU Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Total number of shares authorized

10,000,000

Share-based compensation - Assu

Share-based compensation - Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015
2007 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term	6 years
Dividend yield	5%
2007 Plan [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average risk-free rate of return	1.82%
Volatility rate	46.30%
2007 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average risk-free rate of return	1.92%
Volatility rate	55.20%
2015 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term	6 years
Dividend yield	5%
2015 Plan [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average risk-free rate of return	1.57%
Volatility rate	55%
2015 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average risk-free rate of return	1.92%
Volatility rate	55.90%

Share-based compensation - Shar

Share-based compensation - Share Option Activity 2007 Plan and 2015 Long Term Incentive Plan (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Recognized share-based compensation expense	$ 1,788,297	$ 2,031,330	$ 1,762,927
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Recognized share-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 0	0
2007 Plan [Member]
Number of Options
Granted	0	0
Exercised	0
Forfeited	0
Expired	60,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Granted	$ 0
Exercised	0
Forfeited	0
Expired	$ 1.085
Weighted Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Granted	0 years
Exercised	0 years
Forfeited	0 years
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Granted	$ 0
Exercised	0
Forfeited	0
Expired	0
Total fair value of options vested	$ 0	$ 0	0
Common stock, closing share price	$ 0.32
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized	$ 0
2007 Plan [Member] | 1.085 (exercise price) [Member]
Number of Options
Outstanding		60,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding		$ 1.085
Weighted Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding		6 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding		$ 900
2007 Plan [Member] | 1.64 (exercise price) [Member]
Number of Options
Outstanding		100,000
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	100,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding		$ 1.64
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	$ 1.64
Weighted Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding		1 year 10 months 13 days
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	10 months 13 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding		$ 0
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	$ 0
2007 Plan [Member] | 1.21 (exercise price) [Member]
Number of Options
Outstanding		39,400
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	39,400
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding		$ 1.21
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	$ 1.21
Weighted Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding		3 years 6 months
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	2 years 6 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding		$ 0
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	$ 0
2015 Plan [Member]
Number of Options
Granted	0	0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Exercised	$ 0
Forfeited	0
Total fair value of options vested	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, closing share price	$ 0.32
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized	$ 0
2015 Plan [Member] | 1.71 (exercise price) [Member]
Number of Options
Outstanding		2,796,734
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	2,796,734
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding		$ 1.71
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	$ 1.71
Weighted Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding		4 years 6 months
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	3 years 6 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding		$ 0
Outstanding and Exercisable, December 31, 2021	$ 0

Share-based compensation - Othe

Share-based compensation - Other awards (Details)

1 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jan. 01, 2022

Jan. 01, 2021

Jan. 01, 2020

Sep. 28, 2019 shares

Jun. 14, 2019 USD ($) shares

Jun. 14, 2019 CNY (¥) shares

Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares

Jan. 31, 2019 CNY (¥) shares

Nov. 30, 2019 item $ / shares shares

Nov. 30, 2019 item ¥ / shares shares

Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)

Aug. 31, 2019 shares

Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) item

Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021 CNY (¥)

Jun. 14, 2019 CNY (¥)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Fair value of the stock options granted | $

$ 3,413,610

$ 4,511,192

$ 5,621,588

Recognized share-based compensation expense | $

$ 1,788,297

2,031,330

1,762,927

Number of tranches | item

3

Mr. Zhang Lizhou [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Consideration recognized as liability

$ 802,729

¥ 5,600,000

Employee Stock Option [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Recognized share-based compensation expense | $

$ 0

$ 0

$ 0

Restricted Stock [Member] | Mr. Zhang Lizhou [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Awards transferred back (in shares)

18,750

18,750

Consideration refunded for shares transferred back

$ 401,365

¥ 2,800,000

Percentage of share capital granted as restricted shares transferred to group (as a percent)

5%

5%

Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xinchuang Technology ") [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Shares reserved for issuance under employee stock option plan (in shares)

150,000,000

Shares reserved for issuance under the employee stock option plan (as a percent)

30%

Options granted

100,000,000

100,000,000

Fair value of the stock options granted | $

$ 3,500,000

Exercise price of share options granted (in dollars per share) | (per share)

$ 0.14

¥ 1

Number of tranches | item

5

5

Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xinchuang Technology ") [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

5%

5%

Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xinchuang Technology ") [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

5%

5%

Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xinchuang Technology ") [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

5%

5%

Xinchuang Technology Co., Ltd. ("Xinchuang Technology ") [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Five [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

80%

80%

Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Total awards granted

56,250

56,250

Restricted shares granted (in shares)

56,250,000

Percentage of share capital granted as restricted shares (as a percent)

15%

15%

Aggregate consideration

$ 1,204,094

¥ 8,400,000

Aggregate fair value of the restricted shares granted at the grant date

$ 4,931,051

¥ 34,400,000

Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

2%

Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

80%

Xinyuan Property Management Service(Cayman) Ltd [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage (as a percent)

18%

Other payables and accrued li_3

Other payables and accrued liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other payables and accrued liabilities
Contract deposit	$ 324,844,088	$ 362,269,545
Accrued expenses	94,297,276	53,680,543
Debt extinguishment costs	0	404,042
Deed tax and maintenance fund withheld for customers	28,848,564	35,913,618
Bidding deposit	3,947,876	4,504,908
Welfare payable	1,620,508	1,583,453
Other tax payable	18,620,109	32,595,593
Accrued aircraft operating expense	332,339	1,599,639
Accrued interest expense	32,363,632	20,935,671
Purchase consideration payable for asset acquisitions and business combinations	39,169,122	38,624,175
Others	11,133,179	43,365,254
Total	$ 555,176,693	$ 595,476,441

Related party and employee tr_3

Related party and employee transactions (Details) - USD ($)				12 Months Ended
	Jun. 06, 2018	Dec. 01, 2017	Sep. 12, 2017	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				$ 271,567,484	$ 233,441,459
Total non-current amounts due from related party				15,283,028	14,933,562
Due from Related Parties, Total				286,850,512	248,375,021
Amounts due to related parties				77,062,355	31,511,929
Total non current amounts due to related party				10,979,186	10,728,133
Amounts due to related party				88,041,541	42,240,062
Due from subsidiaries				2,854,538	2,789,265
Accrued interest expense				$ 32,363,632	$ 20,935,671
Unsecured Debt [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)				10%	10%
Accrued interest expense				$ 0	$ 0
Working capital funds advanced from related parties current				$ 2,694,286	$ 2,632,678
Debt term				3 years	3 years
Interest repaid				$ 0
Taicang Pengchi's non-controlling interest holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest acquired (as a percent)		100%
Suzhou Yefang's noncontrolling interest holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest acquired (as a percent)	100%
Henan Hongguang Olympic Real Estate Co Ltd
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				95,078,214	$ 90,330,257
Qingdao Huiju
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				10,035,794	56,469,394
Guangzhou Huanglong Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				47,953,453	16,324,735
Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				2,854,538	2,789,265
Amounts due to related parties				$ 2,694,286	2,632,678
Xinzheng Meihang Network Technology Co., Ltd. | Loans Receivable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)				11.50%
Related party debt term				3 years
Interest received				$ 0
Accrued interest				0	0
Madison Development Limited
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				33,768,281	33,231,243
Advances for operational needs				33,768,281
Madison Development Limited | Loans Receivable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accrued interest receivable				$ 15,964,313
Interest rate (as a percent)				15%
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				$ 32,032,079	20,160,872
Amounts due to related parties				2,961,668	16,272,639
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders | Loans Payable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accrued interest expense				0	10,981,256
Working capital funds advanced from related parties current				$ 0	$ 2,397,436
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders | Minimum [Member] | Loans Payable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)				4.25%	4.25%
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders | Maximum [Member] | Loans Payable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)				4.75%	4.75%
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)				0%
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders | Loans Receivable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Working capital funds, noncurrent				$ 32,032,079
Suzhou Wanzhuo's non-controlling interest holders | Shareholder Service | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Working capital funds advanced from related parties current				2,961,668
Taicang Pengchi's non-controlling interest holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				22,194,420	$ 12,129,962
Cash consideration		$ 28,836,311
Taicang Pengchi's non-controlling interest holders | Loans Receivable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Working capital funds, noncurrent					22,194,420
Henan Qingning Apartment Management Co., Ltd.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amounts due to related parties				12,045,693	444,409
Total non current amounts due to related party				10,979,186	10,728,133
Suzhou Rongjingchen Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				22,141,569	0
Others
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total current amounts due from related party				5,509,136	2,005,731
Total non-current amounts due from related party				2,736,955	2,674,370
Amounts due to related parties				12,593,656	10,529,235
Suzhou Yefang's noncontrolling interest holders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total non-current amounts due from related party				12,546,073	12,259,192
Amounts due to related parties				$ 1,771,522	1,632,968
Cash consideration	$ 15,615,240
Suzhou Wanzhuos
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership sold			80%
Proceed from equity interest sold			$ 23,687,327
Suzhou Wanzhuos | Loans Receivable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)				4.75%
Suzhou Yefang
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Working capital funds, noncurrent				$ 12,546,073
Suzhou Kairongchen Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amounts due to related parties				$ 44,995,530	$ 0

Related party and employee tr_4

Related party and employee transactions - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Advances to employees	$ 1,550,469	$ 529,055
Total consideration			$ 604,914	$ 8,720,772
Director [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Director's remuneration amount	$ 6,245,522	$ 6,447,214	$ 7,036,954
Key Management Personnel [Member] | Eight real estate project companies sold
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of real estate project companies sold | item			8	8
Key Management Personnel [Member] | Eight real estate project companies sold | Maximum [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership sold			5.59%	5.54%
Key Management Personnel [Member] | Eight real estate project companies sold | Minimum [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership sold			0.57%	0.50%
Key Management Personnel [Member] | One real estate project companies sold
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership sold			6.03%
Number of real estate project companies sold			1
Total consideration			$ 1,300,135

Equity (Details)

Equity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Equity
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common share repurchased, shares	0
Dividends per share	$ 0.025
Distribution of dividends to common shareholders	$ 4,055,664

Earnings per share (Details)

Earnings per share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Numerator:
Net income/(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. Shareholders - basic and diluted	$ (417,307,378)	$ (81,040,908)	$ 68,344,527
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic	107,283,420	107,558,506	113,482,239
Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted	107,283,420	107,569,181	114,100,896
Basic earnings per share	$ (3.89)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.60
Diluted earnings per share	$ (3.89)	$ (0.75)	$ 0.60
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Denominator:
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements	0	10,674	618,657
Anti-dilutive shares	0	0	0
Restricted Stock [Member]
Denominator:
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements	0	0	0
Anti-dilutive shares	81,035	803,427	876,400

Segment reporting (Details)

Segment reporting (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	$ 19,781,344	$ 34,792,485	$ 16,128,771
Total revenue	1,536,017,781	1,745,763,191	2,482,632,812
Cost of real estate lease income	(22,438,180)	(36,122,097)	(12,757,251)
Total cost of revenue	(1,468,080,865)	(1,453,296,443)	(1,922,323,191)
Gross profit	67,936,916	292,466,748	560,309,621
Operating expenses	(253,979,411)	(227,463,083)	(250,447,619)
Impairment losses on goodwill and intangible assets	(18,651,259)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		82,805,785
Operating income /(loss)	(204,693,754)	147,809,450	309,862,002
Interest income	28,296,824	33,405,610	51,493,595
Interest expense	(183,398,772)	(129,487,405)	(113,775,360)
Net realized gain on short-term investments	(30,203,357)	5,052,944	3,075,014
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	(23,345,765)	17,028,301	(5,416,471)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,843,306)	(8,580,510)
Exchange gains/(loss)	(9,707,463)	(3,093,907)	(7,376,009)
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	(1,623,814)
Other income/(loss)	2,509,645	(1,296,377)	5,848,727
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(420,542,642)	67,575,310	233,507,174
Income tax benefit/(expense)	7,280,528	(135,059,190)	(150,478,372)
Net income /(loss)	(413,262,114)	(67,483,880)	83,028,802
Depreciation and amortization	18,267,515	17,503,373	17,584,443
Capital expenditure	104,811	9,770,352	11,645,673
Real estate properties development completed	500,875,235	439,204,753	458,204,518
Real estate properties under development	2,368,747,467	3,010,624,339	3,254,387,749
Real estate properties development completed and under development	2,869,622,702	3,449,829,092
Real estate properties held for lease	440,300,371	483,108,207	515,868,908
Total long-lived assets	1,660,459,942	2,068,413,442	1,776,601,324
Total assets	6,446,279,290	7,669,323,576	7,421,664,433
Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	1,392,240,005	1,604,891,939	2,387,031,568
Cost of revenue	(1,359,344,416)	(1,351,980,826)	(1,851,819,293)
Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	109,822,206	91,208,307	67,488,169
Cost of revenue	(73,978,205)	(55,437,978)	(40,889,231)
Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	14,174,226	14,870,460	11,984,304
Cost of revenue	(12,320,064)	(9,755,542)	(16,857,416)
Henan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	9,344,804	26,054,475	6,630,994
Total revenue	357,138,340	798,970,895	1,396,894,717
Cost of real estate lease income	(15,658,378)	(27,204,779)	(2,348,963)
Total cost of revenue	(390,575,801)	(674,627,764)	(1,091,986,990)
Gross profit	(33,437,461)	124,343,131	304,907,727
Operating expenses	(67,226,888)	(59,958,497)	(70,839,873)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		82,805,785
Operating income /(loss)	(100,664,349)	147,190,419	234,067,854
Interest income	18,709,958	23,921,003	42,379,712
Interest expense	(12,070,505)	(14,568,255)	(14,805,529)
Net realized gain on short-term investments		183,450	183,450
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	1,090,507	(3,539,268)	(1,370,440)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	(8,044,499)
Exchange gains/(loss)	(20,163,471)	1,987,139	12,524,863
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	(2,110,256)	(4,041,056)	4,536,260
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(115,208,116)	151,133,432	269,471,671
Income tax benefit/(expense)	43,657,150	(36,907,073)	(69,803,421)
Net income /(loss)	(71,550,966)	114,226,359	199,668,250
Depreciation and amortization	6,842,628	5,814,086	5,553,392
Capital expenditure	1,965,626	8,655,565	6,263,956
Real estate properties development completed			133,572,883
Real estate properties under development			886,160,682
Real estate properties development completed and under development	909,477,150	897,218,594
Real estate properties held for lease	72,022,044	74,613,257	109,809,942
Total long-lived assets	431,132,864	526,045,585	524,367,010
Total assets	2,279,523,193	2,838,641,480	2,882,024,764
Henan [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	338,195,148	766,314,384	1,382,533,759
Cost of revenue	(369,888,568)	(639,601,377)	(1,082,472,232)
Henan [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	6,746,892	7,606,378	7,578,862
Cost of revenue	(3,708,523)	(6,675,680)	(4,716,112)
Henan [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	2,851,496	(1,004,342)	151,102
Cost of revenue	(1,320,332)	(1,145,928)	(2,449,683)
Shandong [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	665,170	(965,131)	321,819
Total revenue	175,035,303	284,868,795	276,142,822
Cost of real estate lease income	(611,378)	(292,726)	(561,264)
Total cost of revenue	(176,917,224)	(260,983,485)	(222,754,891)
Gross profit	(1,881,921)	23,885,310	53,387,931
Operating expenses	(10,880,365)	(15,211,169)	(14,770,303)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(12,762,286)	8,674,141	38,617,628
Interest income	(126,051)	1,919,529	436,165
Interest expense	(5,794,489)	(3,043,955)	(3,061,587)
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	(1,873,472)	11,483,448	(922,281)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	3,336,726	90,325	866
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(17,219,572)	19,123,488	35,070,791
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(3,885,809)	(12,299,796)	(23,020,472)
Net income /(loss)	(21,105,381)	6,823,692	12,050,319
Depreciation and amortization	914,765	887,005	433,948
Capital expenditure		0	64,816
Real estate properties development completed			34,351,045
Real estate properties under development			359,079,121
Real estate properties development completed and under development	116,698,109	240,527,766
Real estate properties held for lease	4,133,570	7,126,028	6,954,550
Total long-lived assets	517,720,952	553,491,246	509,819,916
Total assets	416,680,530	602,982,670	573,869,426
Shandong [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	174,353,777	285,706,736	275,120,959
Cost of revenue	(176,289,676)	(260,651,654)	(220,925,677)
Shandong [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Shandong [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	16,356	127,190	700,044
Cost of revenue	(16,170)	(39,105)	(1,267,950)
Sichuan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	532,240	379,175	728,016
Total revenue	129,264,086	223,850,183	86,980,800
Cost of real estate lease income	(404,647)	(606,323)	(799,359)
Total cost of revenue	(165,008,835)	(215,254,411)	(82,568,113)
Gross profit	(35,744,749)	8,595,772	4,412,687
Operating expenses	(8,500,877)	(7,677,029)	(8,011,273)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(44,245,626)	918,743	(3,598,586)
Interest income	728,264	1,288,256	493,469
Interest expense	(26,416,301)	(18,381,805)	0
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		0	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	138,413	(8,773)	246,927
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(69,795,250)	(16,183,579)	(2,858,190)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	12,936,548	2,875,576	(2,864,732)
Net income /(loss)	(56,858,702)	(13,308,003)	(5,722,922)
Depreciation and amortization	1,130,049	631,421	635,494
Capital expenditure	5,261	5,106	26,254
Real estate properties development completed			64,327,235
Real estate properties under development			619,020,458
Real estate properties development completed and under development	527,858,832	547,932,945
Real estate properties held for lease	36,470,962	36,262,110	34,515,933
Total long-lived assets	49,540,764	46,741,993	44,244,900
Total assets	710,687,239	734,426,656	897,210,854
Sichuan [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	128,609,911	222,959,432	85,189,227
Cost of revenue	(163,249,870)	(214,523,020)	(81,765,082)
Sichuan [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		(13,189)	0
Sichuan [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	121,935	511,576	1,063,557
Cost of revenue	(1,354,318)	(111,879)	(3,672)
Beijing [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	371,919	695,548	657,451
Total revenue	317,183,758	65,241,428	130,467,541
Cost of real estate lease income	(542,152)	(805,353)	(481,276)
Total cost of revenue	(256,351,575)	(47,092,590)	(98,125,392)
Gross profit	60,832,183	18,148,838	32,342,149
Operating expenses	(80,605,508)	(73,902,008)	(73,333,124)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(19,773,325)	(55,753,170)	(40,990,975)
Interest income	249,117	103,788	2,241,516
Interest expense	(2,078,190)	(3,659,832)	(7,385,692)
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		0	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	(644,101)	684,530	909,298
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(22,246,499)	(58,624,684)	(45,225,853)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(21,349,169)	(8,431,043)	(9,456,395)
Net income /(loss)	(43,595,668)	(67,055,727)	(54,682,248)
Depreciation and amortization	3,942,986	5,832,130	2,732,083
Capital expenditure	1,076,187	716,935	1,142,809
Real estate properties development completed			60,683,848
Real estate properties under development			266,984,229
Real estate properties development completed and under development	173,273,166	378,408,484
Real estate properties held for lease	8,510,518	8,438,206	7,520,601
Total long-lived assets	46,722,553	50,734,107	61,281,191
Total assets	313,031,361	473,659,055	470,434,500
Beijing [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	313,960,495	62,401,289	126,540,125
Cost of revenue	(250,046,777)	(45,575,813)	(92,849,397)
Beijing [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Beijing [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	2,851,344	2,144,591	3,269,965
Cost of revenue	(5,762,646)	(711,424)	(4,794,719)
Hainan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)		0	0
Total revenue	413	10,092,232	43,820,016
Cost of real estate lease income		(44,900)	0
Total cost of revenue		(5,548,700)	(31,766,627)
Gross profit	413	4,543,532	12,053,389
Operating expenses	(310,883)	(1,355,382)	(2,514,263)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(310,470)	3,188,150	9,539,126
Interest income	25,957	4,817	3,208
Interest expense		0	(11,507)
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		0	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	(36,650)	43,136	156,235
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(321,163)	3,236,103	9,687,062
Income tax benefit/(expense)	1,431,319	(4,482,485)	(4,643,587)
Net income /(loss)	1,110,156	(1,246,382)	5,043,475
Depreciation and amortization		56,888	29,414
Capital expenditure		0	3,712
Real estate properties development completed			6,627,299
Real estate properties under development			0
Real estate properties development completed and under development		2,162,115
Real estate properties held for lease		0	888,150
Total long-lived assets	5,813,925	5,863,831	6,664,536
Total assets	11,747,496	23,560,573	27,393,755
Hainan [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		10,084,944	43,820,016
Cost of revenue		(5,503,574)	(31,764,435)
Hainan [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Hainan [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	413	7,288	0
Cost of revenue		(226)	(2,192)
Hunan [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	1,223,472	741,527	135,279
Total revenue	10,333,688	28,989,921	158,657,679
Cost of real estate lease income	(1,206,177)	(1,046,888)	(1,693,085)
Total cost of revenue	(11,162,470)	(5,728,560)	(112,401,205)
Gross profit	(828,782)	23,261,361	46,256,474
Operating expenses	(1,059,651)	(1,608,076)	(3,991,323)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(1,888,433)	21,653,285	42,265,151
Interest income	7,576	38,096	182,529
Interest expense		0	0
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		0	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	205,877	43,576	(17,844)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(1,674,980)	21,734,957	42,429,836
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(3,023,380)	(14,391,424)	(16,123,072)
Net income /(loss)	(4,698,360)	7,343,533	26,306,764
Depreciation and amortization		174,291	1,668,279
Capital expenditure		0	44,058
Real estate properties development completed			7,540,854
Real estate properties under development			6,433,260
Real estate properties development completed and under development	3,312,065	12,433,669
Real estate properties held for lease	59,903,607	66,684,905	60,967,850
Total long-lived assets	75,895,086	75,248,369	62,686,470
Total assets	82,923,478	92,009,978	107,134,983
Hunan [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	8,271,910	27,721,542	157,938,663
Cost of revenue	(9,214,046)	(4,404,236)	(110,346,111)
Hunan [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		(4,957)	0
Hunan [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	838,306	526,852	583,737
Cost of revenue	(742,247)	(272,479)	(362,009)
Shanghai [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	1,339,557	772,402	2,920,280
Total revenue	138,442,300	124,101,245	283,474,831
Cost of real estate lease income	(193,442)	(736,537)	(2,565,142)
Total cost of revenue	(125,392,217)	(93,933,974)	(204,269,639)
Gross profit	13,050,083	30,167,271	79,205,192
Operating expenses	(19,136,811)	(10,679,950)	(18,080,374)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(6,086,728)	19,487,321	61,124,818
Interest income	348,282	2,068,141	306,228
Interest expense	(910,853)	(987,612)	(1,066,270)
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	1,052,997	7,795,833	(613,155)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)	(21)	0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	144,617	(415,481)	47,762
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(5,451,706)	27,948,202	59,799,383
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(4,274,715)	(39,723,025)	(28,043,624)
Net income /(loss)	(9,726,421)	(11,774,823)	31,755,759
Depreciation and amortization	198,149	2,556,696	2,622,483
Capital expenditure		15,874	2,579
Real estate properties development completed			106,796,363
Real estate properties under development			123,381,923
Real estate properties development completed and under development	105,042,744	215,890,331
Real estate properties held for lease	36,147,355	35,512,059	40,675,960
Total long-lived assets	138,953,401	133,733,839	183,400,846
Total assets	600,814,871	751,266,943	752,136,052
Shanghai [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	135,072,403	120,260,357	279,731,401
Cost of revenue	(125,086,848)	(93,074,146)	(201,704,497)
Shanghai [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Shanghai [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	2,030,340	3,068,486	823,150
Cost of revenue	(111,927)	(123,291)	0
Shaanxi [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	3,251,637	2,353,682	3,301,027
Total revenue	172,051,797	15,588,171	13,002,066
Cost of real estate lease income	(62,840)	(1,623,994)	(2,913,152)
Total cost of revenue	(147,181,253)	(18,062,954)	(9,984,966)
Gross profit	24,870,544	(2,474,783)	3,017,100
Operating expenses	(9,182,945)	(4,061,452)	(5,808,638)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	15,687,599	(6,536,235)	(2,791,538)
Interest income	254,323	8,130	12,795
Interest expense	(8,046,152)	0	(138,107)
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		67,698	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	381,157	289,746	(199,670)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	8,276,927	(6,170,661)	(3,116,520)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(9,366,699)	589,659	2,210,548
Net income /(loss)	(1,089,772)	(5,581,002)	(905,972)
Depreciation and amortization	1,934,681	20,375	1,873,910
Capital expenditure	576	0	16,761
Real estate properties development completed			43,103,208
Real estate properties under development			162,947,850
Real estate properties development completed and under development	45,339,962	224,821,947
Real estate properties held for lease	96,574,698	96,083,662	91,474,049
Total long-lived assets	107,098,269	105,461,495	100,419,560
Total assets	289,048,826	362,198,503	338,107,052
Shaanxi [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	166,007,116	10,991,930	6,917,948
Cost of revenue	(142,797,184)	(14,731,175)	(6,510,485)
Shaanxi [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	2,793,044	2,358,631	2,783,091
Cost of revenue	(4,321,229)	(1,707,785)	(561,329)
Shaanxi [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		(116,072)	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
US subsidiaries [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	2,980,504	4,723,438	893,982
Total revenue	29,413,735	6,256,475	1,940,073
Cost of real estate lease income	(3,740,076)	(3,740,076)	(1,348,218)
Total cost of revenue	(36,200,910)	(4,518,739)	(2,792,781)
Gross profit	(6,787,175)	1,737,736	(852,708)
Operating expenses	(7,223,166)	(6,198,996)	(9,414,601)
Operating income /(loss)	(14,010,341)	(4,461,260)	(10,267,309)
Interest income	1,610	41,143	48,285
Interest expense	(15,736,448)	(5,316,337)	(3,472,559)
Net realized gain on short-term investments			0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee			0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt			0
Exchange gains/(loss)			0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments			0
Other income/(loss)	17,770		0
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(29,727,409)	(9,736,454)	(13,691,583)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(144,962)		2,921,151
Net income /(loss)	(29,872,371)	(9,736,454)	(10,770,432)
Depreciation and amortization	1,037,064	46,680	1,665,384
Capital expenditure	241,312		3,579,071
Real estate properties development completed			1,201,783
Real estate properties under development			230,860,737
Real estate properties development completed and under development	307,041,456	283,124,970
Real estate properties held for lease	126,157,420	157,975,249	162,599,274
Total long-lived assets	139,099,651	171,374,723	176,115,157
Total assets	468,517,290	474,896,649	439,770,834
US subsidiaries [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	23,325,750	927,700	750,000
Cost of revenue	(32,460,834)	(778,663)	(1,444,563)
US subsidiaries [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue			0
Cost of revenue			0
US subsidiaries [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	3,107,481	605,337	296,091
Cost of revenue			0
Guangdong [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)			0
Total revenue	69,189,406	47,787,761	9,738,197
Cost of real estate lease income			0
Total cost of revenue	(60,760,643)	(34,037,084)	(6,821,557)
Gross profit	8,428,763	13,750,677	2,916,640
Operating expenses	(10,540,700)	(3,423,234)	(1,966,796)
Operating income /(loss)	(2,111,937)	10,327,443	949,844
Interest income	33,242	44,417	13,533
Interest expense	(358,532)		0
Net realized gain on short-term investments			0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	(4,010,602)	(1,602,617)	(2,903,841)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt			0
Exchange gains/(loss)			0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments			0
Other income/(loss)	(1,434,297)	52,058	(289,485)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(7,882,126)	8,821,301	(2,229,949)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(1,674,207)	(9,482,301)	(1,017,315)
Net income /(loss)	(9,556,333)	(661,000)	(3,247,264)
Depreciation and amortization	12,193	17,042	41,616
Capital expenditure			0
Real estate properties development completed			0
Real estate properties under development			372,170,620
Real estate properties development completed and under development	398,158,018	395,376,646
Real estate properties held for lease			0
Total long-lived assets	53,982,579	23,549,642	18,237,255
Total assets	568,073,393	478,343,726	414,319,137
Guangdong [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	68,681,906	47,787,761	9,738,197
Cost of revenue	(58,588,051)	(34,034,932)	(6,821,557)
Guangdong [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue			0
Cost of revenue			0
Guangdong [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	507,500		0
Cost of revenue	(2,172,592)	(2,152)	0
Hubei [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	13,482	0	0
Total revenue	132,434	0	0
Cost of real estate lease income		(19,723)	0
Total cost of revenue	(25,726)	(43,339)	(23,397)
Gross profit	106,708	(43,339)	(23,397)
Operating expenses	(1,273,031)	(1,391,277)	(3,429,583)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(1,166,323)	(1,434,616)	(3,452,980)
Interest income	202	885	1,695
Interest expense		0	0
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		0	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	1,789	12,620	0
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(1,164,332)	(1,421,111)	(3,451,285)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(1,926,116)	(2,458,177)	704,284
Net income /(loss)	(3,090,448)	(3,879,288)	(2,747,001)
Depreciation and amortization	48,721	1,234,539	46,012
Capital expenditure		0	4,821
Real estate properties development completed			0
Real estate properties under development			141,707,492
Real estate properties development completed and under development	190,450,736	165,423,590
Real estate properties held for lease		0	0
Total long-lived assets	920,192	566,337	934,102
Total assets	196,509,533	175,174,331	148,165,478
Hubei [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	118,952	0	0
Cost of revenue	(25,726)	(23,616)	(23,397)
Hubei [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Hubei [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Liaoning [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)		0	0
Total revenue	35,695,076	49,168,045	18,621,886
Cost of real estate lease income		0	0
Total cost of revenue	(31,758,539)	(38,572,816)	(13,440,458)
Gross profit	3,936,537	10,595,229	5,181,428
Operating expenses	(4,700,371)	(4,897,483)	(2,801,220)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(763,834)	5,697,746	2,380,208
Interest income	23,321	31,849	13,240
Interest expense		0	0
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee		0	0
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)		0	0
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	(46,098)	7,341	64,155
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(786,611)	5,736,936	2,457,603
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(1,471,006)	(2,591,042)	(717,299)
Net income /(loss)	(2,257,617)	3,145,894	1,740,304
Depreciation and amortization	19,401	232,220	16,987
Capital expenditure	17,091	376,871	25,188
Real estate properties development completed			0
Real estate properties under development			58,153,297
Real estate properties development completed and under development	59,279,630	52,622,159
Real estate properties held for lease		0	0
Total long-lived assets	773,073	930,819	1,084,510
Total assets	69,505,369	73,164,781	73,223,300
Liaoning [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	35,642,637	49,168,045	18,621,886
Cost of revenue	(31,696,836)	(38,572,816)	(13,440,458)
Liaoning [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Liaoning [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	52,439	0	0
Cost of revenue	(61,703)	0	0
Property Management [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)		0	483,944
Total revenue	102,078,886	89,047,451	58,798,108
Cost of real estate lease income		0	0
Total cost of revenue	(66,726,582)	(54,427,858)	(36,735,908)
Gross profit	35,352,304	34,619,593	22,062,200
Operating expenses	(8,869,355)	(9,390,896)	(7,076,960)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	26,482,949	25,228,697	14,985,240
Interest income	2,421,863	755,677	681,464
Interest expense	(64,549)	(5,708)	0
Net realized gain on short-term investments		0	0
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	(1,004,547)	(152,121)	(630,775)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0
Exchange gains/(loss)	(203,338)	100,523	(236,736)
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	0
Other income/(loss)	942,072	934,711	124,295
Income/(loss) before income taxes	28,574,450	26,861,779	14,923,488
Income tax benefit/(expense)	(4,832,629)	(8,191,925)	(241,601)
Net income /(loss)	23,741,821	18,669,854	14,681,887
Depreciation and amortization	526,727	0	189,503
Capital expenditure	668,407	1	352,073
Real estate properties development completed			0
Real estate properties under development			0
Real estate properties development completed and under development		0
Real estate properties held for lease		0	0
Total long-lived assets	15,628,394	9,062,110	8,335,524
Total assets	176,825,788	160,332,607	106,315,123
Property Management [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		567,819	0
Cost of revenue		(505,804)	0
Property Management [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	100,282,270	81,243,298	57,126,216
Cost of revenue	(65,948,453)	(47,036,367)	(35,611,790)
Property Management [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue	1,796,616	7,236,334	1,187,948
Cost of revenue	(778,129)	(6,885,687)	(1,124,118)
Others [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Real estate lease income (loss)	58,559	37,369	55,979
Total revenue	58,559	1,800,589	4,094,076
Cost of real estate lease income	(19,090)	(798)	(46,792)
Total cost of revenue	(19,090)	(464,169)	(8,651,267)
Gross profit	39,469	1,336,420	(4,557,191)
Operating expenses	(24,468,860)	(27,707,634)	(28,409,288)
Impairment losses on goodwill and intangible assets	(18,651,259)
Gain on disposal of property held for lease		0
Operating income /(loss)	(43,080,650)	(26,371,214)	(32,966,479)
Interest income	5,619,160	3,179,879	4,679,756
Interest expense	(111,922,753)	(83,523,901)	(83,834,109)
Net realized gain on short-term investments	(30,203,357)	4,869,494	2,891,564
Share of (loss)/gain in an equity investee	(18,600,648)	2,975,328	1,024,021
Net loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,843,306)	(536,011)
Exchange gains/(loss)	10,659,367	(5,181,569)	(19,664,136)
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		0	(1,623,814)
Other income/(loss)	1,612,626	1,010,890	269,928
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(185,916,255)	(104,884,399)	(129,759,280)
Income tax benefit/(expense)	1,204,203	433,866	(382,837)
Net income /(loss)	(184,712,052)	(104,450,533)	(130,142,117)
Depreciation and amortization	1,660,151	0	75,938
Capital expenditure	(3,869,649)	0	119,575
Real estate properties development completed			0
Real estate properties under development			27,488,080
Real estate properties development completed and under development	33,690,834	33,885,876
Real estate properties held for lease	380,197	412,731	462,599
Total long-lived assets	77,178,239	365,609,346	79,010,347
Total assets	$ 262,390,923	428,665,624	191,559,175
Others [Member] | Real Estate Sales [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	129,387
Cost of revenue		0	(1,751,402)
Others [Member] | Real estate management services income [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		0	0
Cost of revenue		0	0
Others [Member] | Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue		1,763,220	3,908,710
Cost of revenue		$ (463,371)	$ (6,853,073)

Segment reporting - Additional

Segment reporting - Additional Information (Details) - customer	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment reporting
Number of customer accounts	0	0	0

Commitments and contingencies_2

Commitments and contingencies (Details) ¥ in Millions	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Other commitments
2022				$ 748,764,936
2023				421,155,686
2024				252,243,792
2025				86,720,580
2026 and thereafter				9,886,553
Total				1,518,771,547
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value | ¥			¥ 545.5
Mechanic's Liens [Member]
Other commitments
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value		$ 8,000,000
421 Kent Development, LLC [Member]
Other commitments
Payments to pursuant negotiated settlements and claims				1,300,000
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value		$ 22,000,000
Financial Guarantee [Member]
Other commitments
Aggregate amount of guarantee				$ 2,156,348,238	$ 2,306,911,350
Real Estate Ownership Period			six to twelve months	six to twelve months
Payments to satisfy guarantee obligations				$ 3,723,398	4,557,522	$ 1,782,038
Provisions for Guarantee				0
Maximum exposure to credit loss				$ 284,329,564	$ 250,425,294
Number of equity method investees for whom financial guarantees provided | item				4
Beijing Huiju and Qingdao Huiju's joint and several liability
Other commitments
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value	$ 230,900,000
Court cost	$ 1,167,369

Concentration of risk (Details)

Concentration of risk (Details)	12 Months Ended			197 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Concentration of risk
Exchange rate appreciation				23%
Outstanding guarantees of mortgages	$ 2,156,300,000			$ 2,156,300,000
Payment of guarantee obligations related to customer defaults	3,700,000
Credit Concentration Risk Receivables	$ 0	$ 0		$ 0
Number of Sales Contracts of Apartments | contract	233
Number Of Customer Or Supplier Accounted For More Than 10 Percentage Of Revenue Or Project Expenditures	0	0	0

Non-controlling interests (Deta

Non-controlling interests (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Non-controlling interests	$ (159,130,726)	$ (360,431,202)
Shaanxi Zhongmao Economy Development Co., Ltd. [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	34.02%	34.02%
Non-controlling interests	$ 0	$ 0
Xinyuan Property Management Service (Cayman) Ltd. [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	47.14%	32.50%
Non-controlling interests	$ (72,201,420)	$ (44,142,857)
Taicang Pengchi Real Estate Co., Limited. [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	83%	83%
Non-controlling interests	$ (36,937,776)	$ (35,235,533)
Suzhou Xinyuan Wanzhuo Real Estate Co., Ltd. [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	80%	80%
Non-controlling interests	$ (40,429,789)	$ (42,530,617)
Henan Renxin Real Estate Co., Ltd. ("Henan Renxin") [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	49%	49%
Non-controlling interests	$ 0	$ 0
Suzhou Yefang Real Estate Co., Limited. ("Suzhou Yefang") (3) [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	79.99%	79.99%
Non-controlling interests	$ (12,542,785)	$ (12,256,043)
Henan Yanchuang Enterprise Management Consulting Co. Ltd
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	49%	49%
Non-controlling interests	$ 0	$ (225,290,809)
Zhengzhou Xinhe Real Estate Co., Ltd [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Noncontrolling owners interest (percentage)	20%	20%
Non-controlling interests	$ 756,256	$ (2,257,587)
Other [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Non-controlling interests	$ 2,224,788	$ 1,282,244

Subsequent events (Details)

Subsequent events (Details) ¥ in Millions	Jun. 29, 2022 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Other long term debt | $		$ 1,416,701,102	$ 1,924,501,190
Subsequent Event [Member] | June 2022 Senior notes due on June 29, 2022 at 12.00% [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Other long term debt | ¥	¥ 545.3

Condensed financial informati_3

Condensed financial information of the Company - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 426,399,881	$ 926,809,581	$ 662,606,063
Short-term investments	85,211,338	6,111,129
Other receivables	298,190,097	335,840,652
Due from subsidiaries	2,854,538	2,789,265
Total current assets	4,785,819,348	5,600,910,134
TOTAL ASSETS	6,446,279,290	7,669,323,576	7,421,664,433
Current liabilities
PRC other tax payable	18,620,109	32,595,593
Other payables and accrued liabilities	555,176,693	595,476,441
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt	1,466,820,657	1,393,587,995
Payroll and welfare payables	15,391,685	18,102,179
Total current liabilities	4,777,783,176	4,536,333,378
Other long-term debt	275,100,201	1,013,015,628
Total liabilities	6,033,050,053	6,643,420,414
Shareholders' equity
Common shares, $0.0001 par value Authorized500,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding- 107,757,721 shares for 2021 (2020: 106,932,017 shares)	16,415	16,415
Treasury shares	(116,061,577)	(116,061,577)
Additional paid-in capital	544,386,509	552,215,071
Retained earnings/(accumulated deficits)	(387,664,005)	34,500,890
Total Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders' equity	254,098,511	665,471,960
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 6,446,279,290	$ 7,669,323,576
Common Stock:
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued		106,932,017
Common stock, shares outstanding		106,932,017
Parent Company [Member]
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 160,209	$ 2,463,042	$ 28,591,381	$ 93,606,791
Short-term investments	70,875,668	0
Other receivables	21,248	189,494
Due from subsidiaries	49,101,879	230,448,376
Total current assets	120,159,004	233,100,912
Investments in subsidiaries	1,163,420,854	1,447,605,286
TOTAL ASSETS	1,283,579,858	1,680,706,198
Current liabilities
PRC income tax payable	13,388	13,388
PRC other tax payable	902,190	902,190
Other payables and accrued liabilities	35,216,403	31,210,541
Current portion of long-term bank loans and other debt	726,734,558	606,490,929
Due to subsidiaries	266,089,765	0
Payroll and welfare payables	525,043	2,622,544
Total current liabilities	1,029,481,347	641,239,592
Other long-term debt	0	373,994,646
Total liabilities	1,029,481,347	1,015,234,238
Shareholders' equity
Common shares, $0.0001 par value Authorized500,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding- 107,757,721 shares for 2021 (2020: 106,932,017 shares)	16,415	16,415
Treasury shares	(116,061,577)	(116,061,577)
Additional paid-in capital	544,386,509	552,215,071
Retained earnings/(accumulated deficits)	(174,242,836)	229,302,051
Total Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders' equity	254,098,511	665,471,960
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 1,283,579,858	$ 1,680,706,198
Common Stock:
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	107,757,721	106,932,017
Common stock, shares outstanding	107,757,721	106,932,017

Condensed financial informati_4

Condensed financial information of the Company - Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
General and administrative expenses	$ (163,410,021)	$ (154,176,673)	$ (163,686,999)
Operating loss	(204,693,754)	147,809,450	309,862,002
Interest expense	(183,398,772)	(129,487,405)	(113,775,360)
Interest income	28,296,824	33,405,610	51,493,595
Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment		(1,843,306)	(8,580,510)
Gain/ (loss) on short-term investments	(30,203,357)	5,052,944	1,451,200
Other expenses/(income)	2,509,645	(1,296,377)	5,848,727
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(420,542,642)	67,575,310	233,507,174
Income taxes	7,280,528	(135,059,190)	(150,478,372)
Net income /(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	(417,307,378)	(81,040,908)	68,344,527
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustments	20,861,635	94,386,918	(21,079,940)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	(399,489,223)	(13,768,778)	48,299,700
Parent Company [Member]
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
General and administrative expenses	(4,965,230)	(7,441,398)	(9,509,893)
Operating loss	(4,965,230)	(7,441,398)	(9,509,893)
Interest expense	(121,289,406)	(112,975,103)	(107,382,764)
Interest income	545,599	599,544	1,682,189
Net (loss)/gain on debt extinguishment		(5,583,578)	536,011
Gain/ (loss) on short-term investments	(1,627,139)	(27,077)	27,099
Other expenses/(income)	(878,154)	(4,277,443)	(20,106,250)
Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net	(289,093,048)	43,080,570	203,098,135
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(417,307,378)	(81,040,908)	68,344,527
Net income /(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	(417,307,378)	(81,040,908)	68,344,527
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustments	17,818,154	67,283,263	(20,044,827)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. shareholders	$ (399,489,224)	$ (13,757,645)	$ 48,299,700

Condensed financial informati_5

Condensed financial information of the Company - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (413,262,114)	$ (67,483,880)	$ 83,028,802
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock based compensation expense	3,413,610	4,511,190	5,621,588
Loss on short-term investments	30,203,357	(5,052,944)	(1,451,200)
Amortization of deferred charges	3,242,398	2,828,337	7,725,283
(Gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt		1,843,306	8,580,510
Other receivables	83,761,147	(88,480,519)	(81,286,710)
Other current assets	2,359,210	(2,610,160)	(606,623)
Other payable and accrued liabilities	(51,513,133)	241,107,544	(18,090,325)
Payroll and welfare payables	(3,059,265)	(7,198,828)	(9,363,632)
Net cash provided by operating activities	135,608,847	336,766,542	272,256,758
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,774,551)	(104,155,960)	(43,030,099)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Changes in due from subsidiaries	44,288,546	(24,477,542)	(25,024,684)
Proceeds from short-term bank loans	193,848,327	105,007,105	84,837,579
Repayment of long-term bank loans	(183,056,732)	(199,845,816)	(9,156,553)
Proceeds from long-term bank loans	339,581,996	433,177,672	255,750,791
Proceeds from other long-term debts	610,114,087	1,047,849,099	1,170,084,599
Repayment of other long-term debts	(891,457,400)	(882,010,043)	(233,164,117)
Purchase of treasury shares		(2,483,896)	(26,080,876)
Dividends to shareholders	(4,055,664)	(14,284,148)	(19,647,356)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		134,790	166,480
Net cash used in financing activities	(677,076,944)	(190,069,001)	(278,472,789)
Cash and cash equivalents, at the beginning of the year	926,809,581	662,606,063
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of the period	426,399,881	926,809,581	662,606,063
Parent Company [Member]
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	(417,307,378)	(81,040,908)	68,344,527
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Equity in profit of subsidiaries, net	289,093,048	(43,080,570)	(203,098,135)
Stock based compensation expense	1,625,318	2,848,897	3,782,307
Loss on short-term investments	1,627,139	27,077	(27,099)
Amortization of deferred charges		6,024,220	7,445,276
(Gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt		5,583,578	(536,011)
Other receivables	168,246	(178,566)	654,500
Other current assets		77,648	172,920
Other payable and accrued liabilities	4,000,802	7,281,565	(291,915)
Payroll and welfare payables	1,363,218	402,431	(597,023)
Amount due from related parties			348,076
Net cash provided by operating activities	(119,429,607)	(102,081,705)	(123,775,478)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in short-term investments	(72,502,807)
Net cash used in investing activities	(72,502,807)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Changes in due from subsidiaries	447,436,262	224,773,858	212,589,733
Proceeds from short-term bank loans		28,080,000	19,900,000
Repayment of Current portion of long-term bank loan and other long-term debt	(128,520,000)
Repayment of long-term bank loans		(23,078,000)	(110,311,908)
Proceeds from long-term bank loans			100,440,000
Proceeds from other long-term debts	270,000,000	378,852,273	300,000,000
Repayment of other long-term debts	(390,958,220)	(508,900,000)	(413,300,000)
Purchase of treasury shares		(2,483,896)	(26,080,876)
Dividends to shareholders	(4,055,664)	(14,284,148)	(19,647,356)
Payment of financing cost	(4,272,797)	(7,141,511)	(2,075,789)
Purchase of shares under RSU plan			(2,920,216)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		134,790	166,480
Net cash used in financing activities	189,629,581	75,953,366	58,760,068
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(2,302,833)	(26,128,339)	(65,015,410)
Cash and cash equivalents, at the beginning of the year	2,463,042	28,591,381	93,606,791
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of the period	$ 160,209	$ 2,463,042	$ 28,591,381

Condensed financial informati_6

Condensed financial information of the Company - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2013
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Due from subsidiary		$ 181,346,497
Due to subsidiary	$ 266,089,765
Parent Company [Member] | XIN Development Group International Inc [Member]
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Due from subsidiary	116,656,089	116,656,089
Loan facility, maximum borrowing amount			$ 50,000,000
Stated spread over variable rate			17.50%
Accrued interest	67,554,210	67,554,210
Subsidiaries [Member]
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Amounts restricted including paid-in capital and statutory reserves	$ 962,881,800	$ 992,290,000