Summary of significant accounting policies | 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (a) Basis of preparation and principles of consolidation The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and note disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial reporting and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the financial statements of Genpact Limited, a Bermuda company, and all of its subsidiaries that are more than 50% owned and controlled. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity but exerts significant influence on the entity, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries that is redeemable outside of the Company’s control for cash or other assets is reflected in the mezzanine section between liabilities and equity in the consolidated balance sheets at the redeemable value, which approximates fair value. Redeemable non-controlling interest is adjusted to its fair value at each balance sheet date. Any resulting increases or decreases in the estimated redemption amount are affected by corresponding changes to additional paid in capital. The share of non-controlling interest in subsidiary earnings is reflected in net loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of income. (b) Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and goodwill, revenue recognition, reserves for doubtful receivables, valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, the valuation of derivative financial instruments, measurements of stock-based compensation, assets and obligations related to employee benefits, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, determining the standalone selling price of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other obligations for revenue recognition 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued) and income tax uncertainties and other contingencies. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are reasonable. Although these estimates are based upon management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates. Any changes in estimates are adjusted prospectively in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. (c) Business combinations, goodwill and other intangible assets The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, by recognizing the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, measured at their acquisition date fair values. Contingent consideration is included within the acquisition cost and is recognized at its fair value on the acquisition date. A liability resulting from contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value as of each reporting date until the contingency is resolved. Changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. All assets and liabilities of the acquired businesses, including goodwill, are assigned to reporting units. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred under Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Goodwill represents the cost of acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible net assets purchased. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least on an annual basis on December 31, based on a number of factors, including operating results, business plans and future cash flows. The Company performs an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Based on the assessment of events or circumstances, the Company performs a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment if it determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, based on the quantitative impairment analysis, the carrying value of the goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of such goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. In addition, the Company performs a qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. See Note 10 for information and related disclosures. Intangible assets acquired individually or with a group of other assets or in a business combination and developed internally are carried at cost less accumulated amortization based on their estimated useful lives as follows: Customer-related intangible assets 1-14 years Marketing-related intangible assets 1-10 years Other intangible assets 2-9 years 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued) Intangible assets acquired individually or with a group of other assets or in a business combination and developed internally are carried at cost less accumulated amortization based on their estimated useful lives as follows: Customer-related intangible assets 1-14 years Marketing-related intangible assets 1-10 years Other intangible assets 2-9 years Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using a method of amortization that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise realized. In business combinations where the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible net assets purchased exceeds the cost of the acquired business, the Company recognizes the resulting gain under “Other operating (income) expense, net” in the consolidated statements of income. (d) Financial instruments and concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk are reflected principally in cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and derivative financial instruments with corporations and banks with high investment grade ratings, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one corporation or bank and conducts ongoing evaluations of the creditworthiness of the corporations and banks with which it does business. To reduce its credit risk on accounts receivable, the Company conducts ongoing credit evaluations of its clients. GE accounted for 11% and 10% of receivables as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively. GE accounted for 11% and 8% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. (e) Accounts receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced or to be invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on trade accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and clients’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables’ aging and current payment patterns. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its clients. (f) Changes in accounting policies Except as described below, the Company has applied accounting policies consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. The Company adopted Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition as detailed below. The Company applied Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method, which involves recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 as an adjustment to the Company’s opening equity balance as of January 1, 2018. Therefore, comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605. As a result of the Company’s adoption of this new standard, certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements for capitalization. Such costs are amortized over the period of expected benefit rather than expensed as incurred per the Company’s prior practice. The cumulative impact of the adoption of this standard resulted in an increase in retained earnings of $17,924 as of January 1, 2018 with a corresponding impact on contract cost assets of $23,227 and deferred tax liability of $5,303 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued) Revenue Recognition The Company derives its revenue primarily from business process outsourcing and information technology services, which primarily are provided on a time-and-material, transaction or fixed-price basis. The Company recognizes revenue when the promised services are delivered to customers for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those services. Revenues from services rendered under time-and materials and transaction-based contracts are recognized as the services are provided. The Company’s fixed-price contracts include contracts for application development, maintenance and support services. Revenues from these contracts are recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. The Company accrues for revenue and unbilled receivables for the services rendered between the last billing date and the balance sheet date. Customer contracts can also include incentive payments received for discrete benefits delivered or promised to be delivered to clients or service level agreements that could result in credits or refunds to the customer. Revenues relating to such arrangements are accounted for as variable consideration when the amount of revenue to be recognized can be estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue will not occur The Company has deferred revenue attributable to certain process transition activities, with respect to its customers where such activities do not represent separate performance obligation. Revenues relating to such transition activities are classified under contract liabilities and subsequently recognized ratably over the period in which the related services are performed. Costs relating to such transition activities are fulfillment costs which are directly related to the contract and result in generation or enhancement of resources and are expected to be recoverable under the contract and thereby classified as contract cost assets and are recognized ratably over the estimated expected period of benefit, under Cost of Revenue. Revenues are reported net of value-added tax, business tax and applicable discounts and allowances. Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenses received from clients have been included as part of revenues. Revenue for performance obligations that are satisfied over time is recognized in accordance with the methods prescribed for measuring progress. The input (effort or cost expended) method has been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. The Company enters into multiple-element revenue arrangements in which a client may purchase a combination of products or services. Revenue from multiple-element arrangements is recognized, for each element, based on allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone basis. Certain contracts may include offerings such as sale of licenses, which may be perpetual or subscription based. Revenue from distinct perpetual licenses is recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. Revenue from subscription based licenses is recognized as ratably over the subscription term. All incremental and direct costs incurred for acquiring contracts, such as certain sales commission, are classified as contract cost asset. Such costs are amortized over the expected period of benefit and recorded under Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Other upfront fees paid to customers are classified as contract asset. Such costs are amortized over the expected period of benefit and recorded as an adjustment to the transaction price and reduced from revenue. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. If payment is received in respect of services prior to the delivery of services, the payment is recognized as an advance from customers and classified as contract liabilities. Contract assets and contract liabilities relating to the same customer contract have been offset and presented on a net basis in the consolidated financial statements. See note 19 for information and related disclosures regarding contract balances. 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued) For a description of the Company’s revenue recognition accounting policy in effect before the Company’s adoption of ASC 606, see Note 3—“Summary of significant accounting policies” under Item 1 —“Financial Statements” and Part II, Item 7—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”—“Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Significant judgements The Company has contracts with customers which often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to the customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Judgment is also required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where the standalone selling price is not directly observable, it is determined using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. Customer contracts can include incentive payments received for discrete benefits delivered to clients or service level agreements that could result in credits or refunds to the customer. Such amounts are estimated at contract inception and are adjusted at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue will not occur. Impacts on consolidated financial statements The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Consolidated Balance sheet As of March 31, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 424,226 $ 424,226 Accounts receivable, net 703,066 703,066 Prepaid expenses and other current assets (a, c) 199,208 74,092 273,300 Total current assets $ 1,326,500 74,092 $ 1,400,592 Property, plant and equipment, net 205,035 205,035 Deferred tax assets 81,734 81,734 Investment in equity affiliates 919 919 Intangible assets, net 125,781 125,781 Goodwill 1,337,051 1,337,051 Contract cost assets (a, b) 162,435 (162,435) — Other assets (a, c) 157,672 89,499 247,171 Total assets $ 3,397,127 1,156 $ 3,398,283 Liabilities and equity Current liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 275,000 $ 275,000 Current portion of long-term debt 39,237 39,237 Accounts payable 13,811 13,811 Income taxes payable 40,026 40,026 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (c) 503,116 8,429 511,545 Total current liabilities $ 871,190 8,429.00 $ 879,619 Long-term debt, less current portion 996,999 996,999 Deferred tax liabilities (b) 7,083 (5,303) 1,780 Other liabilities (c) 155,858 15,998 171,856 Total liabilities $ 2,031,130 19,124 $ 2,050,254 Redeemable non-controlling interest - - Shareholders' equity Preferred shares, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 authorized, none issued Common shares, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 authorized, 192,825,207 and 190,613,135 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively 1,903 1,903 Additional paid-in capital 1,422,897 1,422,897 Retained earnings (b) 321,916 (17,968) 303,948 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (380,719) (380,719) Total equity $ 1,365,997 (17,968) $ 1,348,029 Commitments and contingencies Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and equity $ 3,397,127 1,156 $ 3,398,283 (a) The Company has reclassified the deferred transition cost from “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” amounting to $65,663 and “Other assets” amounting to $73,501 to “Contract cost assets” amounting to $139,164 as a result of its adoption of ASC 606. Consolidated Statement of Income Three months ended March 31, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Net revenues $ 688,912 $ 688,912 Cost of revenue 444,324 444,324 Gross profit $ — $ Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses (d) 171,109 44 171,153 Amortization of acquired intangible assets 9,936 9,936 Other operating (income) expense, net (218) (218) Income from operations $ (44) $ Foreign exchange gains (losses), net 4,798 4,798 Interest income (expense), net (8,100) (8,100) Other income (expense), net 15,550 15,550 Income before equity-method investment activity, net and income tax expense $ 76,009 (44) $ 75,965 Equity-method investment activity, net — — — Income before income tax expense $ 76,009 (44) $ 75,965 Income tax expense 12,075 — 12,075 Net income $ (44) $ Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest 761 — 761 Net income attributable to Genpact Limited shareholders $ (44) $ (d) During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company amortized $3,239 in contract costs related to obtaining a contract. Upon the adoption of ASC 606 the Company capitalized such costs in an amount of $3,283, resulting in a net adjustment of $44. Consolidated Statement of Cash flow Three months ended March 31, 2018 As reported Adjustments Balances without adoption of Topic 606 Operating activities Net income attributable to Genpact Limited shareholders (e) $ 64,695 (44) $ 64,651 Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (761) (761) Net income (e) $ 63,934 (44) $ 63,890 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used for operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 15,836 15,836 Amortization of debt issuance costs 488 488 Amortization of acquired intangible assets 9,936 9,936 Reserve for doubtful receivables (103) (103) Unrealized gain on revaluation of foreign currency asset/liability (8,525) (8,525) Stock-based compensation expense 7,787 7,787 Deferred income taxes (4,625) (4,625) Other net (28) (28) Change in operating assets and liabilities: Increase in accounts receivable (6,025) (6,025) Increase in prepaid expenses, other current assets, contract cost assets and other assets (e, f) (37,008) (3,035) (40,043) Decrease in accounts payable (1,224) (1,224) Decrease in accrued expenses, other current liabilities and other liabilities (f) (77,734) 3,079 (74,655) Decrease in income taxes payable 9,969 9,969 Net cash provided used for operating activities $ — $ Investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment (18,706) (18,706) Payment for internally generated intangible assets (4,365) (4,365) Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 144 144 Payment for redeemable non-controlling interest (4,730) (4,730) Net cash used for investing activities $ — $ Financing activities Repayment of capital lease obligations (537) (537) Repayment of long-term debt (10,000) (10,000) Proceeds from short-term borrowings 105,000 105,000 Proceeds from issuance of common shares under stock-based compensation plans 4,202 4,202 Payment for net settlement of stock-based awards (13,284) (13,284) Payment of earn-out/deferred consideration (1,476) (1,476) Dividend paid (14,408) (14,408) Payment for stock purchased and retired (95,984) (95,984) Payment for expenses related to stock purchase (60) (60) Net cash used for financing activities $ — $ Effect of exchange rate changes 1,284 1,284 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (81,526) (81,526) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 504,468 504,468 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period $ — $ (e) During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company amortized $3,239 in contract costs related to obtaining a contract. Upon adoption of ASC 606 the Company capitalized such costs in an amount of $3,283, resulting in net adjustment of $44. 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued) (g) Recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements The authoritative bodies release standards and guidance which are assessed by management for impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company has adopted the following recently released accounting standards: The Company adopted Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, . In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The new standard provides guidance to “allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.” The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years, and the guidance may be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. Early adoption is permitted. On January 1, 2018, the Company elected the early adoption of ASU 2018-02, which was adopted at the beginning of the period and no prior periods have been adjusted. In addition, the Company has adopted the following recently released accounting Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-06, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in this update clarify the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. An entity performing the assessment under the amendments in this update is required to assess the embedded call (put) options solely in accordance with a four-step decision sequence. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The new guidance revises the definition of a business. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting (e.g., acquisitions, disposals, goodwill impairment, consolidation). Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” The new guidance eliminates the exception for deferment of tax recognition until the transferred asset is sold to a third party or otherwise recovered through use for all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The ASU requires entities to (1) disaggregate the current-service-cost component from the other components of net benefit cost (the “other components”) and present it with other current compensation costs for related employees in the income statement and (2) present the other components elsewhere in the income statement and outside of income from operations if that subtotal is presented. In addition, the 2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued) ASU requires entities to disclose the income statement lines that contain the other components if they are not presented on appropriately described separate lines. Effective January 1, 2017, the Company early adopted FASB ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." The new guidance is intended to reduce diversity in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The following recently released accounting standards have not yet been adopted by the Company: In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” The core principle of the ASU is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from its leases other than those that meet the definition of a short-term lease. The ASU requires extensive qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including with respect to significant judgments made by management. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13, in September 2017, which amends and clarifies ASU 2016-02. The ASU will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods in the fiscal year 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects to complete its assessment of adopting ASU No. 2016-02 in the third quarter of 2018. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position and disclosures, and the Company’s preliminary assessments are subject to change. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging.” The amendment expands an entity’s ability to hedge accounting to non-financial and financial risk components and requires changes in fair value of hedging instruments to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The ASU also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements for the effect of hedge accounting. The ASU must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the initial application date. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods in the fiscal year 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position and disclosures. (h) Reclassification Certain reclassifications have been made in the consolidated financial statements of prior periods to conform to the classification used in the current period. The impact of such reclassifications on the consolidated financial statements is not material. |