Fair Value Measurements | 8. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumption the accounting literature establishes a three-tier value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level 2) inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. A summary of the Company’s assets that are measured or disclosed at fair value as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are presented below: Description At September 30, Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash equivalents Money market fund $ 43,942 $ 43,942 $ — $ — Held-to-maturity investments U.S. treasury securities 55,119 — 55,119 — Assets held in restriction Money market fund 1,116 — 1,116 — Total $ 100,177 $ 43,942 $ 56,235 $ — Description At December 31, Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash equivalents Money market fund $ 20,425 $ 20,425 $ — $ — Held-to-maturity investments U.S. treasury securities and government agency bonds 72,532 — 72,532 — Assets held in restriction Money market fund and certificate of deposit 1,380 — 1,380 — Total $ 94,337 $ 20,425 $ 73,912 $ — The Company’s cash equivalents, primarily money market accounts are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted prices as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The Company’s assets held in restriction bore interest at the prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics and, accordingly, the carrying value of these instruments also approximated their fair value and the financial instruments were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the inputs to the fair value measurement are valued using observable inputs as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The Company’s held-to-maturity investments bore interest at the prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics. The financial instruments were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the inputs to the fair value measurement are valued using observable inputs as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. The fair value of the preferred stock warrant liability was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model until the IPO conversion date of February 4, 2014. After the closing of the IPO, the remaining preferred stock warrant liability was no longer subject to remeasurement as the warrants to purchase the Company’s preferred stock became warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. As of the IPO closing date, the fair value of the preferred stock warrants was based significantly on the fair value of the Company’s publicly traded common stock and other observable inputs and was reclassified to Level 2. The fair value of the preferred stock warrant prior to the closing of the IPO was based significantly on the fair value of the preferred stock, which was developed using unobservable inputs, and was classified within Level 3. The following table provides a roll-forward of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3): BALANCE—January 1, 2014 $ 529 Change in fair value of warrant liability 2,559 Transfers to Level 2 (3,088 ) BALANCE— September 30, 2014 $ — There were no preferred stock warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |