As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2022
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act file number 811-22072
The Cushing MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
300 Crescent Court, Suite 1700
Dallas, TX 75201
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
John H. Alban
300 Crescent Court, Suite 1700
Dallas, TX 75201
(Name and address of agent for service)
214-692-6334
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Date of fiscal year end: November 30
Date of reporting period: November 30, 2021
Item 1. Reports to Stockholders.
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| Annual Report November 30, 2021 |
| The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund As permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports are no longer sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports are made available on the Fund’s website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge by contacting your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly with the Fund, calling 800-236-4424 to let the Fund know of your request. Your election to receive shareholder reports in paper will apply to all funds held in your account. |
| |
| | Investment Adviser Cushing® Asset Management, LP 300 Crescent Court Suite 1700 Dallas, TX 75201 (214) 692-6334 (888) 777-2346 www.cushingcef.com www.cushingasset.com |
Table of Contents
| |
Shareholder Letter (Unaudited) | 1 |
Hypothetical Growth of a $10,000 Investment (Unaudited) | 4 |
Key Financial Data (Unaudited) | 5 |
Allocation of Portfolio Assets (Unaudited) | 6 |
Schedule of Investments | 7 |
Statement of Assets & Liabilities | 10 |
Statement of Operations | 11 |
Statements of Changes in Net Assets | 12 |
Statement of Cash Flows | 13 |
Financial Highlights | 14 |
Notes to Financial Statements | 16 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 25 |
Trustees and Executive Officers (Unaudited) | 26 |
Additional Information (Unaudited) | 28 |
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Shareholder Letter (Unaudited) |
Dear Fellow Shareholder,
For the twelve-month fiscal period ended November 30, 2021 (the “period”), the Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund (the “Fund”) delivered a Net Asset Value Total Return (equal to the change in net asset value (“NAV”) per share plus reinvested cash distributions from underlying Fund investments during the period) of +42.52%, versus a total return of +27.92% for the S&P 500® Index (Total Return) (“S&P 500”). The Fund’s Share Price Total Return (equal to the change in market price per share plus reinvested cash distributions from underlying Fund Investments paid during the period) was +63.55%, for the period and differs from the Net Asset Value Total Return due to fluctuations in the discount of share price to NAV. The Fund’s shares traded at a 14.61% discount to NAV as of the end of the period, compared to an 25.11% discount at the end of the Fund’s last fiscal year. As measured by the Alerian Midstream Energy Select Index (Total Return) (“AMEI”), the performance of master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) increased by +40.13% for the period.
Industry Overview and Themes
Progress on COVID-19 case rates, vaccination distribution and the gradual reopening of the economy continued in a positive direction, although somewhat offset by COVID-19 variants and the expected tightening of monetary policy by the U.S. Federal Reserve to address rising inflation risks. From a sector level, lower commodity inventories, higher energy commodity prices, stabilized hydrocarbon production levels and significant free cash flow (“FCF”) generation increased investor optimism and confidence in an energy recovery.
We believe these dynamics perpetuated an investor rotation out of more expensive growth sectors and into much cheaper value and cyclical sectors, with energy a key component of both. For the twelve-month fiscal period ended November 30, 2021, the price of West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) crude oil rose by +45.96% and the total return performance of the AMEI gained +40.13%, outperforming the +27.92% total return for the S&P 500 Index.
We believe that 2020 marked a key inflection point for the midstream sector. The events and actions of 2020 catalyzed and accelerated needed change. Midstream company management teams were given a clear mandate: reduce risk (e.g. capital spending, balance sheet leverage, etc.), generate FCF and increase shareholder returns. In accordance, capital expenditure programs were slashed, operating expenses were reduced and, in select cases, distributions and dividends were voluntarily reduced.
Now almost two years since the onset of the pandemic, hydrocarbon volumes and cash flows have proven to be either more resilient than expected or recovered faster than expected. The strength in underlying midstream fundamentals combined with pervasive capital discipline have underpinned a momentous shift to positive FCF generation for the sector. After more than a decade of wide-spread negative FCF, Wells Fargo estimates the midstream sector to generate approximately $46 billion of positive FCF in 2021, and projects over $290 billion of positive FCF over the next five years.1 We believe this dynamic is neither widely recognized nor appropriately valued by many investors.
While the absolute yield for the midstream sector has been reduced, the positive and accelerating FCF generation has driven a more expansive approach to shareholder value, including both continued debt reduction and shareholder buybacks. We believe this has been a key contributor to the Fund’s performance for the calendar year 2021.
1 | Wells Fargo. “Midstream Monthly Outlook: December 2021: A Review of Midstream/MLP Trends & Statistics.” December 3, 2021. |
1
With sector issues addressed, we also believe the macro backdrop for energy investment is improving as well (e.g. higher commodity prices, higher interest rates, economic recovery, rotation to value, etc.). Yet, despite this improving outlook, the midstream energy sector is still trading at approximately a 30-40% discount on valuation to the broader market, which, in our opinion, is a very compelling investment opportunity.
Fund Performance and Strategy
The Fund benefitted from increased positioning in companies with higher direct and indirect energy commodity price exposure (including production volumes). These companies, typically gatherers and processors, exhibit elevated exposure to wellhead economics. We believe these companies disproportionately benefitted from the “reopening trade” – or the broader investor rotation into value and cyclical sectors – as investors sought companies with greater “torque” to a potential recovery.
Overweight positioning in holdings in the Renewable and YieldCo subsectors positively contributed to absolute performance but detracted from relative performance. We believe this subsector will continue to benefit from long-term secular growth trends, increased investor focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) attributes and the expectation for increased policy support from a Democrat administration.
On an absolute basis, the top contributors in order of greatest contribution to least were: Targa Resources Corp. (NYSE: TRGP), ONEOK Inc. (NYSE: OKE) and MPLX, LP (NYSE: MPLX). All three companies were top weights in the Fund during the period and were positively impacted by strong commodity prices and exposure to improved wellhead economics. All three companies remained top weightings in the Fund as of the end of the period. We believe all three companies will benefit from their integrated value chains across multiple geographies and products, as well as the ability to better withstand changing/slowing activity levels with E&P company customers.
On an absolute basis, the bottom contributors in order of most negative to least negative performance were TPI Composites Inc. (NYSE: TPIC), Brookfield Renewable Corporation (NYSE: BEPC) and Genesis Energy L.P. (NYSE: GEL). While the negative contribution was minimal for all three holdings, performance significantly lagged the broader midstream energy sector. As mentioned earlier, investor concerns around rising rates and inflation pressured the renewable and utility subsectors, negatively impacting TPIC and BEPC. GEL performance continued to be hindered by downtime from hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico. BEPC is the only name remaining in the Fund as of the end of the period.
During the period, we increased the Fund’s exposure to more commodity-sensitive companies positioned closer to the wellhead. However, these additions were selectively made in companies we believe to have integrated value chains, conservative leverage profiles and overly discounted valuations.
At the end of the reporting period, the three largest subsector exposures, in order of size, were: 1) Large Cap Diversified C-Corps; 2) Natural Gas Gatherers & Processors; and 3) Large Cap Diversified MLPs.
Leverage
The Fund’s investment strategy focuses on holding core positions in companies generating stable cash flows and long-term growth prospects. We also work diligently to optimize the use of leverage to seek additional income and for total return potential. This involves leveraging investments when the probabilities of positive total return are deemed to be skewed favorably. As the prices of the Fund’s investment increase or decline, there is a risk that the impact to the Fund’s NAV and total return will be negatively impacted by leverage, but this strategy is designed to have a positive impact over the longer term.
Average leverage for the period was 30% of managed assets, which compares to an average leverage ratio of 20% in the prior fiscal year.
2
Distributions to Shareholders
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021, the Fund’s distributions were expected to be 31%, or $962,531, ordinary income, and 69%, or $2,181,552, return of capital. The final character of distributions paid for the year ended November 30, 2021 will be determined in early 2022.
Closing
The past year served as a stress test to the resiliency of midstream cash flows while catalyzing and accelerating the adoption of capital discipline and focus on shareholder returns. We believe both are supportive of a pivot towards positive FCF generation (generating FCF yields above broader market levels) and increasing ROIC in the coming years.
We truly appreciate your support and look forward to continuing to help you achieve your investment goals.
Sincerely,
Jerry V. Swank
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President
The information provided herein represents the opinion of the Fund’s portfolio managers and is not intended to be a forecast of future events, a guarantee of future results, nor investment advice. The opinions expressed are as of the date of this report and are subject to change.
The information in this report is not a complete analysis of every aspect of any market, sector, industry, security or the Fund itself. Statements of fact are from sources considered reliable, but the Fund makes no representation or warranty as to their completeness or accuracy. Discussions of specific investments are for illustration only and are not intended as recommendations of individual investments. Fund holdings and sector allocations are subject to change at any time and are not recommendations to buy or sell any security. Please refer to the Schedule of Investments for a complete list of Fund holdings.
Past performance does not guarantee future results. Investment return, net asset value and common share market price will fluctuate so that you may have a gain or loss when you sell shares. Since the Fund is a closed-end management investment company, shares of the Fund may trade at a discount or premium from net asset value. This characteristic is separate and distinct from the risk that net asset value could decrease as a result of investment activities and may be a greater risk to investors expecting to sell their shares after a short time. The Fund cannot predict whether shares will trade at, above or below net asset value. The Fund should not be viewed as a vehicle for trading purposes. It is designed primarily for risk-tolerant long-term investors.
An investment in the Fund involves risks. Leverage creates risks which may adversely affect returns, including the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value and market price of the Fund’s common shares. The Fund is nondiversified, meaning it may con- centrate its assets in fewer individual holdings than a diversified fund. Therefore, the Fund is more exposed to individual stock volatility than a diversified fund. See “Additional Information - Risks” for more information.
The potential tax benefits of investing in MLPs depend on them being treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. If the MLP is deemed to be a corporation then its income would be subject to federal taxation at the entity level, reducing the amount of cash available for distribution to the Fund which could result in a reduction of the Fund’s value.
The Fund incurs operating expenses, including advisory fees, as well as leverage costs. Investment returns for the Fund are shown net of fees and expenses.
The S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stocks that is frequently used as a general measure of stock market performance. The Alerian Midstream Energy Select Index is a capitalization-weighted index of North American energy infrastructure companies. Neither of these indices includes fees or expenses. It is not possible to invest directly in an index.
3
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Hypothetical Growth of a $10,000 Investment (Unaudited) |
AVERAGE ANNUAL RETURNS |
November 30, 2021 | 1 Year | 5 Year | Since Inception | Inception Date |
Cushing MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund | 42.52% | 1.20% | -5.99% | 8/27/07 |
S&P 500 Index (Total Return) | 27.92% | 17.90% | 10.57% | 8/27/07 |
Data for Cushing MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund (the “Fund”) represents returns based on the change in the Fund’s net asset value assuming the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. These returns differ from the total investment return based on market value of the Fund’s shares due to the difference between the Fund’s net asset value of its shares outstanding (See page 15 for total investment return based on market value). Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
The S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stocks that is frequently used as a general measure of stock market performance. You cannot invest directly in an index.
The graph and table do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of the Fund shares.
4
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Key Financial Data (Supplemental Information) |
The Information presented below regarding Distributable Cash Flow is supplemental non-GAAP financial information, which we believe is meaningful to understanding our operating performance. Supplemental non-GAAP measures should be read in conjunction with our full financial statements.
| | Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/21 | | | Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/20 | | | Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/19 (a) | | | Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/18 (a) | | | Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/17 (a) | |
FINANCIAL DATA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total income from investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions and dividends received, net of foreign taxes withheld | | $ | 6,419,908 | | | $ | 4,819,519 | | | $ | 6,545,077 | | | $ | 7,605,948 | | | $ | 9,481,830 | |
Interest | | | 627 | | | | 133,422 | | | | 358,546 | | | | 188,009 | | | | 15,536 | |
Other | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 300 | | | | 16,592 | | | | 1,093 | |
Total income from investments | | $ | 6,420,535 | | | $ | 4,952,941 | | | $ | 6,903,923 | | | $ | 7,810,549 | | | $ | 9,498,459 | |
Adviser fee and operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adviser fees, less reimbursement by Adviser | | $ | 1,033,407 | | | $ | 708,002 | | | $ | 1,066,046 | | | $ | 1,232,758 | | | $ | 1,362,722 | |
Operating expenses (b) | | | 584,807 | | | | 495,171 | | | | 729,171 | | | | 547,309 | | | | 565,496 | |
Interest and dividends | | | 289,809 | | | | 328,065 | | | | 1,026,987 | | | | 1,108,640 | | | | 1,028,222 | |
Other | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 641 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |
Total Adviser fees and operating expenses | | $ | 2,074,503 | | | $ | 1,531,238 | | | $ | 2,822,845 | | | $ | 2,888,707 | | | $ | 2,956,440 | |
Distributable Cash Flow (DCF) (c) | | $ | 4,346,032 | | | $ | 3,421,703 | | | $ | 4,081,078 | | | $ | 4,921,842 | | | $ | 6,542,019 | |
Distributions paid on common stock | | $ | 3,144,083 | | | $ | 5,418,435 | | | $ | 7,297,290 | | | $ | 7,297,290 | | | $ | 7,293,250 | |
Distributions paid on common stock per share | | $ | 1.44 | | | $ | 2.81 | | | $ | 4.32 | | | $ | 4.32 | | | $ | 4.32 | |
Distribution Coverage Ratio | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Before Adviser fee and operating expenses | | | 2.0x | | | | 0.9x | | | | 0.9x | | | | 1.1x | | | | 1.3x | |
After Adviser fee and operating expenses | | | 1.4x | | | | 0.6x | | | | 0.6x | | | | 0.7x | | | | 0.9x | |
OTHER FUND DATA (end of fiscal year) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets, end of fiscal year | | | 115,899,449 | | | | 73,831,898 | | | | 99,026,398 | | | | 103,494,265 | | | | 114,917,830 | |
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net of income taxes | | | 1,484,452 | | | | (4,849,090 | ) | | | 852,192 | | | | (2,847,325 | ) | | | (5,855,903 | ) |
Short-term borrowings | | | 33,715,000 | | | | 13,915,000 | | | | 28,915,000 | | | | 26,050,000 | | | | 33,650,000 | |
Short-term borrowings as a percent of total assets | | | 29 | % | | | 19 | % | | | 29 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 29 | % |
Net Assets, end of fiscal year | | | 80,882,596 | | | | 59,659,139 | | | | 69,717,658 | | | | 76,381,982 | | | | 81,002,320 | |
Net Asset Value per common share | | $ | 37.04 | | | $ | 27.32 | | | $ | 41.41 | | | $ | 45.37 | | | $ | 48.11 | |
Market Value per share | | $ | 31.67 | | | $ | 20.40 | | | $ | 37.84 | | | $ | 38.88 | | | $ | 42.92 | |
Market Capitalization | | $ | 69,147,993 | | | $ | 44,541,176 | | | $ | 254,825,988 | | | $ | 261,829,662 | | | $ | 289,036,242 | |
Shares Outstanding | | | 2,183,391 | | | | 2,183,391 | | | | 6,734,302 | | | | 6,734,302 | | | | 6,734,302 | |
(a) | Per share data adjusted for 1:4 reverse stock split completed as of June 12, 2020. |
(b) | Excludes expenses related to capital raising. |
(c) | “Net Investment Income, before Income Taxes” on the Statement of Operations is adjusted as follows to reconcile to Distributable Cash Flow: increased by the return of capital on MLP distributions. |
5
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Allocation of Portfolio Assets(1) (Unaudited) November 30, 2021 (Expressed as a Percentage of Total Investments) |
(1) | Fund holdings and sector allocations are subject to change and there is no assurance that the Fund will continue to hold any particular security. |
(3) | Master Limited Partnerships and Related Companies |
6
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund |
Schedule of Investments | November 30, 2021 |
Common Stock — 83.3% | | Shares | | | Fair Value | |
Aerospace & Defense — 0.4% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 0.4% | | | | | | | | |
Tellurian Inc.(2) | | | 89,130 | | | $ | 290,563 | |
| | | | | | | | |
General Partnerships — 1.0% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 1.0% | | | | | | | | |
Enlink Midstream LLC(1) | | | 120,000 | | | | 781,200 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Industrials — 2.2% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 2.2% | | | | | | | | |
Plug Power Inc.(2) | | | 44,000 | | | | 1,753,400 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Large Cap Diversified C Corps — 33.1% | | | | | | | | |
Canada — 14.4% | | | | | | | | |
Enbridge, Inc.(1) | | | 102,000 | | | | 3,829,080 | |
Pembina Pipeline Corporation(1) | | | 138,000 | | | | 4,091,700 | |
TC Energy Corporation(1) | | | 80,000 | | | | 3,752,800 | |
United States — 18.7% | | | | | | | | |
Cheniere Energy Inc. | | | 42,000 | | | | 4,402,020 | |
Kinder Morgan, Inc.(1) | | | 180,000 | | | | 2,782,800 | |
ONEOK, Inc.(1) | | | 70,000 | | | | 4,188,800 | |
Williams Companies, Inc.(1) | | | 140,000 | | | | 3,750,600 | |
| | | | | | | 26,797,800 | |
Natural Gas Gatherers & Processors — 11.1% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 11.1% | | | | | | | | |
DT Midstream Inc. | | | 60,000 | | | | 2,752,200 | |
Targa Resources Corporation(1) | | | 121,000 | | | | 6,247,230 | |
| | | | | | | 8,999,430 | |
Natural Gas Transportation & Storage — 5.6% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 5.6% | | | | | | | | |
Equitrans Midstream Corporation(1) | | | 470,000 | | | | 4,521,400 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Other Renewable Generation — 4.1% | | | | | | | | |
Canada — 1.6% | | | | | | | | |
Brookfield Renewable Corporation(1) | | | 35,000 | | | | 1,296,050 | |
United States — 2.5% | | | | | | | | |
Bloom Energy Corp.(2) | | | 73,000 | | | | 2,006,040 | |
| | | | | | | 3,302,090 | |
Refiners — 4.8% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 4.8% | | | | | �� | | | |
Marathon Petroleum Corporation(1) | | | 64,000 | | | | 3,894,400 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Solar — 3.9% | | | | | | | | |
United Kingdom — 1.9% | | | | | | | | |
Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure PLC(1) | | | 40,000 | | | | 1,534,400 | |
United States — 2.0% | | | | | | | | |
Solaredge Technologies Inc.(2) | | | 5,000 | | | | 1,638,800 | |
| | | | | | | 3,173,200 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
7
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund |
Schedule of Investments | November 30, 2021 — (Continued) |
Common Stock — (Continued) | | Shares | | | Fair Value | |
Solar Developer — 1.9% | | | | | | | | |
Mauritius — 1.9% | | | | | | | | |
Azure Power Global Ltd.(1)(2) | | | 76,000 | | | $ | 1,565,600 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Solar Energy Equipment — 6.3% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 6.3% | | | | | | | | |
Enphase Energy Inc.(1)(2) | | | 7,600 | | | | 1,900,000 | |
Sunrun Inc.(1)(2) | | | 70,000 | | | | 3,222,800 | |
| | | | | | | 5,122,800 | |
Utilities — 4.3% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 4.3% | | | | | | | | |
NextEra Energy, Inc.(1) | | | 40,000 | | | | 3,471,200 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Wind Energy Equipment — 0.9% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 0.9% | | | | | | | | |
TPI Composites Inc.(1)(2) | | | 40,000 | | | | 713,200 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Yield Co — 3.7% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 3.7% | | | | | | | | |
Clearway Energy Inc.(1) | | | 80,000 | | | | 2,985,600 | |
Total Common Stocks (Cost $64,703,240) | | | | | | $ | 67,371,883 | |
| | | | | | | | |
MLP Investments and Related Companies — 50.4% | | Units | | | | |
Crude Oil & Refined Products — 3.1% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 3.1% | | | | | | | | |
Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P.(1) | | | 54,000 | | | $ | 2,504,520 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Large Cap Diversified C Corps — 4.7% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 4.7% | | | | | | | | |
Plains GP Holdings, L.P.(1) | | | 380,000 | | | | 3,800,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Large Cap MLP — 16.7% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 16.7% | | | | | | | | |
Energy Transfer, L.P.(1) | | | 690,000 | | | | 5,809,800 | |
Enterprise Products Partners, L.P.(1) | | | 113,000 | | | | 2,417,070 | |
MPLX, L.P.(1) | | | 180,000 | | | | 5,275,800 | |
| | | | | | | 13,502,670 | |
Natural Gas Gatherers & Processors — 21.0% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 21.0% | | | | | | | | |
Crestwood Equity Partners, L.P.(1) | | | 58,182 | | | | 1,487,132 | |
DCP Midstream, L.P.(1) | | | 120,000 | | | | 3,159,600 | |
Hess Midstream, L.P.(1) | | | 164,000 | | | | 4,060,640 | |
Rattler Midstream, L.P.(1) | | | 324,000 | | | | 3,450,600 | |
Western Midstream Partners L.P.(1) | | | 250,000 | | | | 4,807,500 | |
| | | | | | | 16,965,472 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
8
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund |
Schedule of Investments | November 30, 2021 — (Continued) |
MLP Investments and Related Companies — (Continued) | | Units | | | Fair Value | |
Yield Co — 4.9% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 4.9% | | | | | | | | |
NextEra Energy Partners, L.P.(1) | | | 46,500 | | | $ | 3,954,825 | |
Total MLP Investments and Related Companies (Cost $41,831,218) | | | | | | $ | 40,727,487 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Preferred Stock — 3.0% | | | | | | |
Crude Oil & Refined Products — 0.3% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 0.3% | | | | | | | | |
NGL Energy Partners L.P.(1) | | | 20,313 | | | $ | 290,476 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Utilities — 2.7% | | | | | | | | |
United States — 2.7% | | | | | | | | |
NextEra Energy Capital Holdings Inc.(1) | | | 81,000 | | | | 2,178,900 | |
Total Preferred Stock (Cost $2,549,836) | | | | | | $ | 2,469,376 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Short-Term Investments — Investment Companies — 0.5% | | Shares | | | | |
United States — 0.5% | | | | | | | | |
First American Government Obligations Fund - Class X, 0.03% (3) | | | 204,222 | | | $ | 204,222 | |
First American Treasury Obligations Fund - Class X, 0.01% (3) | | | 204,221 | | | | 204,221 | |
Total Short-Term Investments - Investment Companies (Cost $408,443) | | | | | | $ | 408,443 | |
Total Investments — 137.2% (Cost $109,492,737) | | | | | | $ | 110,977,189 | |
Liabiliities in Excess of Other Assets — (37.2)% | | | | | | | (30,094,593 | ) |
Net Assets Applicable to Common Stockholders — 100.0% | | | | | | $ | 80,882,596 | |
(1) | All or a portion of these securities are held as collateral pursuant to the loan agreements. |
(2) | No distribution or dividend was made during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021. As such, it is classified as a non-income producing security as of November 30, 2021. |
(3) | Rate reported is the current yield as of November 30, 2021. |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
9
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Statement of Assets & Liabilities November 30, 2021 |
Assets | | | | |
Investments, at fair value (cost $109,492,737) | | $ | 110,977,189 | |
Cash | | | 1,008 | |
Receivable for investments sold | | | 4,629,342 | |
Distributions and dividends receivable | | | 200,731 | |
Prepaid expenses and other receivables | | | 91,179 | |
Total assets | | | 115,899,449 | |
Liabilities | | | | |
Short-term borrowings | | | 33,715,000 | |
Payable for investments purchased | | | 932,568 | |
Payable to Adviser, net of waiver | | | 99,523 | |
Distributions and dividends payable | | | 1,058 | |
Accrued interest expense | | | 15 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 268,689 | |
Total liabilities | | | 35,016,853 | |
Net assets applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 80,882,596 | |
Components of Net Assets | | | | |
Capital stock, $0.001 par value; 2,183,391 shares issued and outstanding (unlimited shares authorized) | | | 2,183 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 99,859,067 | |
Accumulated net losses | | | (18,978,654 | ) |
Net assets applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 80,882,596 | |
Net asset value per common share outstanding | | $ | 37.04 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Statement of Operations Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2021 |
Investment Income | | | | |
Distributions and dividends received, net of foreign taxes withheld of $134,314 | | $ | 6,419,908 | |
Less: return of capital on distributions | | | (4,568,744 | ) |
Distribution and dividend income | | | 1,851,164 | |
Interest income | | | 627 | |
Total Investment Income | | | 1,851,791 | |
Expenses | | | | |
Adviser fees | | | 1,291,759 | |
Professional fees | | | 165,471 | |
Administrator fees | | | 90,516 | |
Trustees’ fees | | | 85,228 | |
Registration fees | | | 84,484 | |
Fund accounting fees | | | 41,105 | |
Reports to stockholders | | | 40,633 | |
Insurance expense | | | 40,063 | |
Transfer agent fees | | | 27,830 | |
Custodian fees and expenses | | | 8,726 | |
Other expenses | | | 751 | |
Total Expenses before Interest | | | 1,876,566 | |
Interest expense | | | 289,809 | |
Total Expenses | | | 2,166,375 | |
Less: expense waived by Adviser | | | (258,352 | ) |
Net Expenses | | | 1,908,023 | |
Net Investment Loss | | | (56,232 | ) |
Realized and Unrealized Gain on Investments | | | | |
Net realized gain on investments | | | 18,090,769 | |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of investments | | | 6,333,003 | |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain on Investments | | | 24,423,772 | |
Net Increase in Net Assets Applicable to Common Stockholders Resulting from Operations | | $ | 24,367,540 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Statements of Changes in Net Assets |
| | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2021 | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2020 | |
Operations | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss | | $ | (56,232 | ) | | $ | (227,764 | ) |
Net realized gain (loss) on investments | | | 18,090,769 | | | | (10,948,850 | ) |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of investments | | | 6,333,003 | | | | (6,167,186 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in net assets applicable to common stockholders resulting from operations | | | 24,367,540 | | | | (17,343,800 | ) |
Distribution and Dividends to Common Stockholders | | | | | | | | |
Distributable earnings | | | (962,531 | ) | | | (5,418,435 | ) |
Return of capital | | | (2,181,552 | ) | | | — | |
Total distributions and dividends to common stockholders | | | (3,144,083 | ) | | | (5,418,435 | ) |
Capital Share Transactions | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of 0 and 1,999,261, respectively, in connection with the merger with Cushing Energy Income Fund | | | — | | | | 12,798,769 | |
Underwriting discounts and offering expenses associated with the issuance of common shares | | | — | | | | (95,053 | ) |
Net increase in net assets applicable to common stockholders from capital share transactions | | | — | | | | 12,703,716 | |
Total increase (decrease) in net assets applicable to common stockholders | | | 21,223,457 | | | | (10,058,519 | ) |
Net Assets | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of fiscal year | | | 59,659,139 | | | | 69,717,658 | |
End of fiscal year | | $ | 80,882,596 | | | $ | 59,659,139 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Statement of Cash Flows Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2021 |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | |
Net Increase in Net Assets Applicable to Common Stockholders Resulting from Operations | | $ | 24,367,540 | |
Adjustments to reconcile increase in the net assets applicable to common stockholders resulting from operations to net cash used in operating activities | | | | |
Net change in unrealized depreciation of investments | | | (6,333,003 | ) |
Purchases of investments | | | (127,146,919 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of investments | | | 109,751,036 | |
Return of capital on distributions | | | 4,568,744 | |
Net realized gain on sales of investments | | | (18,090,769 | ) |
Net purchases of short-term investments | | | (193,756 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | | | | |
Receivable for investments sold | | | (4,629,342 | ) |
Interest receivable | | | 19 | |
Prepaid expenses and other receivables | | | (1,420 | ) |
Payable to Adviser, net of waiver | | | 41,679 | |
Distributions and dividends receivable | | | 8,865 | |
Distributions and dividends payable | | | 1,058 | |
Accrued interest expense | | | (13,406 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 82,197 | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (16,654,909 | ) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | |
Proceeds from borrowing facility | | | 70,800,000 | |
Repayment of borrowing facility | | | (51,000,000 | ) |
Distributions and dividends paid to common stockholders | | | (3,144,083 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 16,655,917 | |
INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | | 1,008 | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: | | | | |
Beginning of fiscal year | | | — | |
End of fiscal year | | $ | 1,008 | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW AND NON-CASH INFORMATION | | | | |
Interest Paid | | $ | 303,215 | |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Financial Highlights |
| | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2021 | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2020 | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2019(1) | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2018(1) | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2017(1) | |
Per Common Share Data (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Asset Value, beginning of fiscal year | | $ | 27.32 | | | $ | 41.40 | | | $ | 45.36 | | | $ | 48.12 | | | $ | 59.36 | |
Income from Investment Operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment loss | | | (0.03 | ) | | | (6.67 | ) | | | (0.48 | ) | | | (0.16 | ) | | | (1.68 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | | | 11.19 | | | | (4.60 | ) | | | 0.84 | | | | 1.72 | | | | (5.24 | ) |
Total increase (decrease) from investment operations | | | 11.16 | | | | (11.27 | ) | | | 0.36 | | | | 1.56 | | | | (6.92 | ) |
Less Distributions and Dividends to Common Stockholders: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | (0.44 | ) | | | (2.81 | ) | | | (4.32 | ) | | | (0.04 | ) | | | — | |
Return of capital | | | (1.00 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4.28 | ) | | | (4.32 | ) |
Total distributions and dividends to common stockholders | | | (1.44 | ) | | | (2.81 | ) | | | (4.32 | ) | | | (4.32 | ) | | | (4.32 | ) |
Net Asset Value, end of fiscal year | | $ | 37.04 | | | $ | 27.32 | | | $ | 41.40 | | | $ | 45.36 | | | $ | 48.12 | |
Per common share fair value, end of fiscal year | | $ | 31.67 | | | $ | 20.40 | | | $ | 37.84 | | | $ | 38.88 | | | $ | 42.92 | |
Total Investment Return Based on Fair Value (3) | | | 63.55 | % | | | (38.76 | )% | | | 8.51 | % | | | (0.58 | )% | | | (8.05 | )% |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Financial Highlights — (Continued) |
| | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2021 | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2020 | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2019(1) | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2018(1) | | | Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2017(1) | |
Supplemental Data and Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net assets applicable to common stockholders, end of fiscal year (000’s) | | $ | 80,883 | | | $ | 59,659 | | | $ | 69,718 | | | $ | 76,382 | | | $ | 81,002 | |
Ratio of expenses (including current and deferred income tax benefit/expense) to average net assets after waiver (4) (5) | | | 2.47 | % | | | 2.81 | % | | | 3.73 | % | | | 3.35 | % | | | 4.04 | % |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets before waiver (6) (7) | | | (0.41 | )% | | | (0.74 | )% | | | (1.40 | )% | | | (0.63 | )% | | | (2.60 | )% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets after waiver (6) (7) | | | (0.07 | )% | | | (0.42 | )% | | | (1.05 | )% | | | (0.27 | )% | | | (2.16 | )% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets after current and deferred income tax benefit/expense, before waiver | | | (0.41 | )% | | | (0.74 | )% | | | (1.40 | )% | | | (0.63 | )% | | | (3.60 | )% |
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets after current and deferred income tax benefit/expense, after waiver | | | (0.07 | )% | | | (0.42 | )% | | | (1.05 | )% | | | (0.27 | )% | | | (3.16 | )% |
Portfolio turnover rate | | | 114.06 | % | | | 77.57 | % | | | 44.67 | % | | | 95.57 | % | | | 62.87 | % |
Total borrowings outstanding (in thousands) | | $ | 33,715 | | | $ | 13,915 | | | $ | 28,915 | | | $ | 26,050 | | | $ | 33,650 | |
Asset coverage, per $1,000 of indebtedness(8) | | $ | 3,399 | | | $ | 5,287 | | | $ | 3,411 | | | $ | 3,932 | | | $ | 3,407 | |
(1) | Per share data adjusted for 1:4 reverse stock split completed as of June 12, 2020. |
(2) | Information presented relates to a share of common stock outstanding for the entire fiscal year. |
(3) | The calculation assumes reinvestment of dividends at actual prices pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Total investment return does not reflect brokerage commissions. |
(4) | The Fund accrued $0, $0, $0, $0, and $972,195 in net current and deferred tax expense for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. |
(5) | The ratio of expenses (including current and deferred income tax benefit/expense) to average net assets before waiver was 2.81%, 3.13%, 4.08%, 3.71%, and 4.48% for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. |
(6) | The ratio of expenses (excluding current and deferred income tax expense) to average net assets before waiver was 2.81%, 3.13%, 4.08%, 3.71%, and 3.48% for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The ratio of expenses (excluding current and deferred income tax expense) to average net assets after waiver was 2.47%, 2.81%, 3.73%, 3.35%, and 3.04% for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. |
(7) | This ratio excludes current and deferred income tax benefit/expense on net investment income. |
(8) | Calculated by subtracting the Fund’s total liabilities (not including borrowings) from the Fund’s total assets and dividing by the total borrowings. |
See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Notes to Financial Statements November 30, 2021 |
1. Organization
The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund (the “Fund”) was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on May 23, 2007, and is a non-diversified, closed-end investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund is managed by Cushing® Asset Management, LP (the “Adviser”). The Fund’s investment objective is to obtain a high after-tax total return from a combination of capital appreciation and current income. The Fund commenced operations on August 27, 2007. The Fund’s shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SRV.”
Pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger approved by the shareholders of the Fund and Cushing Energy Income Fund (“SRF”), SRF merged with and into the Fund on May 29, 2020. A total of 1,999,261 common shares of the Fund were issued in exchange for 2,474,989 common shares of SRF as of the closing date of the merger. Net Asset Value (“NAV”) per share and SRF’s share conversion ratio of the merger were as follows:
| | NAV/Share | | | Conversion Ratio | |
The Fund | | $ | 6.40 | | | | N/A | |
SRF | | $ | 5.17 | | | | 0.80778543 | |
Management of the Fund performed an analysis and determined that the merger was an asset acquisition and that the Fund is the accounting survivor of the merger. Therefore, the merger has been accounted for under the asset acquisition method of accounting by the Fund in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations— Related Issues. SRF’s assets were recognized based on their cost to the Fund, which included transaction costs of the asset acquisition of $267,007 that were capitalized in the cost of investments acquired, and no gain or loss was recognized. No cash consideration was given for SRF’s assets. As such, Management determined that the most reliable measure of cost was net asset value of SRF on the date of merger. SRF’s net assets included $467,690 of net unrealized appreciation on investments and $7,391,827 of net realized loss on investments. The net assets of the Fund prior to the merger were $42,849,689, and following the merger, the combined net assets of the Fund totaled $55,648,458.
The merger qualified as a “reorganization” under Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. As such, no gain or loss was recognized by the Fund. Additionally, the historical cost of investment securities was carried forward to the Fund.
Capital loss carryovers are favorable tax assets that can be used to offset gains in future taxable periods. As of the date of the merger, SRF had the following estimated capital loss carryovers for federal income tax purposes.
SRF Fiscal Year Ended Capital Losses | | Amount | | | Expiration | |
November 30, 2016 | | $ | 39,588,381 | | | | November 30, 2021 | |
November 30, 2019 | | | 3,090,987 | | | | Unlimited | |
Total | | $ | 50,017,568 | | | | | |
The Statement of Operations, Statement of Changes in Net Assets, and the Financial Highlights for the current period do not include any pre-merger activity of SRF and prior reporting periods of the Fund are not restated.
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2. Significant Accounting Policies
A. Use of Estimates
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies, consistently followed by the Fund in preparation of the financial statements. The Fund is considered an investment company and accordingly, follows the investment company accounting and reporting guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 946, Financial Services — Investment Companies, which is part of U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, recognition of distribution income and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
B. Investment Valuation
The Fund uses the following valuation methods to determine fair value as either fair value for investments for which market quotations are available, or if not available, the fair value, as determined in good faith pursuant to such policies and procedures as may be approved by the Fund’s Board of Trustees (“Board of Trustees”) from time to time. The valuation of the portfolio securities of the Fund currently includes the following processes:
(i) The market value of each security listed or traded on any recognized securities exchange or automated quotation system will be the last reported sale price at the relevant valuation date on the composite tape or on the principal exchange on which such security is traded except those listed on the NASDAQ Global Market®, NASDAQ Global Select Market® and the NASDAQ Capital Market® exchanges (collectively, “NASDAQ”). Securities traded on NASDAQ will be valued at the NASDAQ official closing price. If no sale is reported on that date, the closing price from the prior day may be used.
(ii) Listed options on debt securities are valued at the last sale price, or if there are no trades for the day, the mean of the bid price and the ask price. Unlisted options on debt or equity securities are valued based upon their composite bid prices if held long, or their composite ask prices if held short. Futures are valued at the settlement price. Premiums for the sale of options written by the Fund will be included in the assets of the Fund, and the market value of such options will be included as a liability.
(iii) The Fund’s non-marketable investments will generally be valued in such manner as the Adviser determines in good faith to reflect their fair values under procedures established by, and under the general supervision and responsibility of, the Board of Trustees. The pricing of all assets that are fair valued in this manner will be subsequently reported to and ratified by the Board of Trustees.
(iv) An equity security of a publicly traded company acquired in a private placement transaction without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), is subject to restrictions on resale that can affect the security’s liquidity and fair value. If such a security is convertible into publicly traded common shares, the security generally will be valued at the common share market price adjusted by a percentage discount due to the restrictions and categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
To the extent that such securities are convertible or otherwise become freely tradable within a time frame that may be reasonably determined, an amortization schedule may be used to determine the discount. If the security has characteristics that are dissimilar to the class of security that trades on the open market, the security will generally be valued and categorized as Level 3.
The Fund may engage in short sale transactions. For financial statement purposes, an amount equal to the settlement amount, if any, is included in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a liability. The amount of the liability is subsequently marked-to-market to reflect the fair value of the short positions. Subsequent fluctuations in market prices of securities sold short may require purchasing the securities at prices which may differ from the fair value reflected on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. When the Fund sells a security short, it must
17
borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale. A gain, limited to the price at which the Fund sold the security short, or a loss, unlimited in size, will be recognized under the termination of a short sale. The Fund is also subject to the risk that it may be unable to reacquire a security to terminate a short position except at a price substantially in excess of the last quoted price. The Fund is liable for any distributions and dividends (collectively referred to as “Distributions”) paid on securities sold short and such amounts, if any, are reflected as a Distribution expense in the Statement of Operations. The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security is secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer. The Fund also is required to segregate similar collateral to the extent, if any, necessary so that the value of both collateral amounts in the aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the fair value of the securities sold short. The Fund did not participate in short selling activities for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021.
C. Security Transactions, Investment Income and Expenses
Security transactions are accounted for on the date securities are purchased or sold (trade date). Realized gains and losses are reported on a specific identified cost basis. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Distributions received from the Fund’s investments in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) generally are comprised of ordinary income, capital gains and return of capital from the MLPs. The Fund records investment income on the ex-date of the distributions. For financial statement purposes, the Fund uses return of capital and income estimates to allocate the distribution income received. Such estimates are based on historical information available from each MLP and other industry sources. These estimates may subsequently be revised based on information received from the MLPs after their tax reporting periods are concluded, as the actual character of these distributions is not known until after the fiscal year end of the Fund.
The Fund estimates the allocation of investment income and return of capital for the distributions received from its portfolio investments within the Statement of Operations. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021, the Fund has estimated approximately 70% of the distributions received from its portfolio investments to be return of capital.
Expenses are recorded on an accrual basis.
D. Distributions to Shareholders
Distributions to common shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The character of distributions to common shareholders made during the year may differ from their ultimate characterization for federal income tax purposes. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020, the Fund’s distributions were 100%, or $5,418,435 ordinary income. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021, the Fund’s distributions were expected to be 31%, or $962,531, ordinary income, and 69%, or $2,181,552, return of capital. The final character of distributions paid for the year ended November 30, 2021 will be determined in early 2022.
E. Federal Income Taxation
The Fund intends to qualify each year for special tax treatment afforded to a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”). In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy income, asset diversification and distribution requirements. As long as it so qualifies, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that it distributes annually its investment company taxable income (which includes ordinary income and the excess of net short- term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) and its “net capital gain” (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss). The Fund intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of such income and gain. If the Fund retains any investment company taxable income or net capital gain, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the retained amount at regular corporate tax rates. In addition, if the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on all of its income and gains at regular corporate tax rates.
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The Fund recognizes in the financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more-likely- than-not to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Tax benefits resulting from such a position are measured as the amount that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood on a cumulative basis to be sustained on examination.
F. Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Fund considers all highly liquid investments purchased with initial maturity equal to or less than three months to be cash equivalents.
G. Cash Flow Information
The Fund makes distributions from investments, which include the amount received as cash distributions from MLPs, common stock dividends and interest payments. These activities are reported in the Statement of Changes in Net Assets, and additional information on cash receipts and payments is presented in the Statement of Cash Flows.
H. Indemnification
Under the Fund’s organizational documents, its officers and trustees are indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of the performance of their duties to the Fund. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Fund may enter into contracts that provide general indemnification to other parties. The Fund’s maximum exposure under such indemnification arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred and may not occur. However, the Fund has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.
I. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Fund provides disclosure regarding derivatives and hedging activity to allow investors to understand how and why the Fund uses derivatives, how derivatives are accounted for, and how derivative instruments affect the Fund’s results of operations and financial position.
The Fund occasionally purchases and sells (“writes”) put and call equity options as a source of potential protection against a broad market decline. A purchaser of a put option has the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying instrument at an agreed upon price (“strike price”) to the option seller. A purchaser of a call option has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the underlying instrument at the strike price from the option seller. Options are settled for cash.
Purchased Options — Premiums paid by the Fund for purchased options are included in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities as an investment. The option is adjusted daily to reflect the fair value of the option and any change in fair value is recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments. If the option is allowed to expire, the Fund will lose the entire premium paid and record a realized loss for the premium amount. Premiums paid for purchased options which are exercised or closed are added to the amounts paid or offset against the proceeds on the underlying investment transaction to determine the realized gain/loss or cost basis of the security.
Written Options — Premiums received by the Fund for written options are included in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The amount of the liability is adjusted daily to reflect the fair value of the written option and any change in fair value is recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation of options. Premiums received from written options that expire are treated as realized gains. The Fund records a realized gain or loss on written options based on whether the cost of the closing transaction exceeds the premium received. If a call option is exercised by the option buyer, the premium received by the Fund is added to the proceeds from the sale of the underlying security to the option buyer and compared to the cost of the closing transaction to determine whether there has been a realized gain or loss. If a put option is exercised by an option buyer, the premium received by the option seller reduces the cost basis of the purchased security.
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Written uncovered call options subject the Fund to unlimited risk of loss. Written covered call options limit the upside potential of a security above the strike price. Put options written subject the Fund to risk of loss if the value of the security declines below the exercise price minus the put premium.
The Fund is not subject to credit risk on written options as the counterparty has already performed its obligation by paying the premium at the inception of the contract.
The Fund has adopted the disclosure provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). ASC 815 requires enhanced disclosures about the Fund’s use of and accounting for derivative instruments and the effect of derivative instruments on the Fund’s results of operations and financial position. Tabular disclosure regarding derivative fair value and gain/ loss by contract type (e.g., interest rate contracts, foreign exchange contracts, credit contracts, etc.) is required and derivatives accounted for as hedging instruments under ASC 815 must be disclosed separately from those that do not qualify for hedge accounting. Even though the Fund may use derivatives in an attempt to achieve an economic hedge, the Fund’s derivatives are not accounted for as hedging instruments under ASC 815 because investment companies account for their derivatives at fair value and record any changes in fair value in current period earnings.
There were no transactions in purchased options or written options during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021.
J. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in the ASU provides optional temporary financial reporting relief from the effect of certain types of contract modifications due to the planned discontinuation of LIBOR and other interbank- offered based reference rates as of the end of 2021. The ASU is effective for certain reference rate-related contract modifications that occur during the period March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Management is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of applying this ASU.
3. Concentrations of Risk
The Fund, under normal market conditions, invests at least 80% of its assets (net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in a portfolio of MLPs and MLP-related investments. Therefore, the Fund may be subject to more risks than if they were more broadly diversified over numerous industries and sectors of the economy. General changes in market sentiment towards companies in the sectors in which they invest may adversely affect the Fund, and the performance of such sectors may lag behind the broader market as a whole.
The Fund is also subject to MLP structure risk. Holders of MLP units are subject to certain risks inherent in the structure of MLPs, including (i) tax risks, (ii) the limited ability to elect or remove management or the general partner or managing member, (iii) limited voting rights, except with respect to extraordinary transactions, and
(iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or managing member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the limited partners or members, on the other hand, including those arising from incentive distribution payments or corporate opportunities.
The global outbreak of COVID-19 (commonly referred to as “coronavirus”) has disrupted economic markets and the prolonged economic impact is uncertain. The ultimate economic fallout from the pandemic, and the long-term impact on economies, markets, industries and individual issuers, are not known. The operational and financial performance of the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests depends on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, and such uncertainty may in turn adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments, and negatively impact the Fund’s performance.
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4. Agreements and Related Party Transactions
The Fund has entered into an Investment Management Agreement with the Adviser (the “Agreement”). Under the terms of the Agreement, the Fund will pay the Adviser a fee, payable at the end of each calendar month, at an annual rate equal to 1.25% of the average weekly value of the Fund’s Managed Assets during such month for the services and facilities provided by the Adviser to the Fund. Effective on May 27, 2021, the Fund’s Board of Trustees approved a waiver of the advisory fees to be paid to the Adviser in the amount of 0.25% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. The Adviser earned $1,291,759 and waived $258,352 in advisory fees for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021. The Adviser will not recoup any of the waived expenses from the Fund.
The Fund has engaged U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, d/b/a U.S. Bancorp Global Fund Services (“Fund Services”) to serve as the Fund’s administrator. The Fund pays the administrator a monthly fee computed at an annual rate of 0.08% of the first $100,000,000 of the Fund’s average daily net assets, 0.05% on the next
$200,000,000 of average daily net assets and 0.04% on the balance of the Fund’s average daily net assets, with a minimum annual fee of $45,000.
Fund Services serves as the Fund’s transfer agent, dividend paying agent, and agent for the automatic dividend reinvestment plan.
U.S. Bank, N.A. serves as the Fund’s custodian. The Fund pays the custodian a monthly fee computed at an annual rate of 0.004% of the Fund’s average daily market value, with a minimum annual fee of $4,800.
Fees paid to trustees for their services to the Fund are reflected as Trustees’ fees on the Statement of Operations.
5. Income Taxes
It is the Fund’s intention to continue to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the IRC and distribute all of its taxable income. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is required in its financial statements.
The amount and character of income and capital gain distributions to be paid, if any, are determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations, which may differ from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These differences are primarily due to differences in the timing of recognition of gains or losses on investments. Permanent book and tax basis differences resulted in the reclassifications of $33,977,500 to accumulated net losses and $33,977,500 from additional paid-in capital.
The following information is provided on a tax basis as of November 30, 2021:
Cost of investments | | $ | 105,853,422 | |
Gross unrealized appreciation | | | 14,857,571 | |
Gross unrealized depreciation | | | (9,733,559 | ) |
Net unrealized appreciation | | | 5,124,012 | |
Undistributed ordinary income | | | — | |
Undistributed long-term gains | | | — | |
Other temporary differences | | | (24,102,666 | ) |
Accumulated net losses | | $ | (18,978,654 | ) |
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As of November 30, 2021, for federal income tax purposes, capital loss carryforwards of $23,725,830 were available as shown in the table below, to the extent provided by the Internal Revenue Code, to offset future realized capital gains through the years indicated.
Fiscal year ended capital losses | | Amount | | | Expiration | |
November 30, 2017 | | $ | 2,137,180 | | | | November 30, 2022 | |
November 30, 2020 | | | 11,215,618 | | | | Annual Limit* | |
November 30, 2021 | | | 10,373,032 | | | | Unlimited | |
Total | | $ | 23,725,830 | | | | | |
* | Losses acquired from The Cushing Energy Income Fund are subject to Sec. 382 annual limits of $188,142. |
Current year capital loss carryforward is comprised of long-term capital loss of $10,373,032.
The Fund recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. Management has analyzed the Fund’s tax positions and has concluded that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits should be recorded related to uncertain tax positions taken on U.S. tax returns and state tax returns filed since inception of the Fund. No income tax returns are currently under examination. All tax years beginning with November 30, 2018 remain subject to examination by the tax authorities in the United States. Due to the nature of the Fund’s investments, the Fund may be required to file income tax returns in several states. The Fund is not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next 12 months.
6. Fair Value Measurements
Various inputs that are used in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments are summarized in the three
broad levels listed below:
| ● | Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical securities |
| ● | Level 2 — other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.) |
| ● | Level 3 — significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments) |
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.
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These inputs are summarized in the three levels listed below.
| | | | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | |
Description | | Fair Value at November 30, 2021 | | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common Stock(a) | | $ | 67,371,883 | | | $ | 67,371,883 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Master Limited Partnerships and Related Companies(a) | | | 40,727,487 | | | | 40,727,487 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Preferred Stock(a) | | | 2,469,376 | | | | 2,469,376 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total Equity Securities | | | 110,568,746 | | | | 110,568,746 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short-Term Investments(a) | | | 408,443 | | | | 408,443 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total Assets | | $ | 110,977,189 | | | $ | 110,977,189 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
(a) | All other industry classifications are identified in the Schedule of Investments. The Fund did not hold Level 3 investments at any time during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021. |
7. Investment Transactions
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021, the Fund purchased (at cost) and sold securities (proceeds) in the amount of $127,146,919 and $109,751,036 (excluding short-term securities), respectively.
8. Common Shares
The Fund had unlimited common shares of beneficial interest authorized and 2,183,391 shares outstanding as of November 30, 2021. Transactions in common shares for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2020 and 2021 were as follows:
Shares at November 30, 2019 | | | 6,734,302 | |
Issuance of common shares in connection with merger | | | 1,999,261 | |
Share reduction due to reverse stock split | | | (6,550,172 | ) |
Shares at November 30, 2020 | | | 2,183,391 | |
Shares at November 30, 2021 | | | 2,183,391 | |
9. Borrowing Facilities
The Fund maintained a margin account arrangement with ScotiabankTM during the period. The interest rate charged on margin borrowing is tied to the cost of funds for ScotiabankTM (which approximates LIBOR plus 1.00%). Proceeds from the margin account arrangement are used to execute the Fund’s investment objective.
The average principal balance and interest rate for the period during which the credit facilities were utilized during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021 was $25,977,877 and 1.10%, respectively. As of November 30, 2021, the principal balance outstanding was $33,715,000 and accrued interest expense was $15.
10. Subsequent Events
Subsequent to November 30, 2021, the Fund declared monthly distributions to common shareholders in the amounts of $0.1200 per share, payable on December 31, 2021 and January 31, 2022, to shareholders of record on December 13, 2021 and January 18, 2022, respectively.
On December 31, 2021, Jerry V. Swank retired and will no longer serve as portfolio manager for the Funds or as Chief Executive Officer and President of the Funds. The remaining members of each Fund’s portfolio management team will continue to be primarily responsible for the day to day management of the Fund’s portfolio.
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Mr. John H. Alban, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer of Cushing® Asset Management, L.P., the Funds’ investment adviser, and currently the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Funds, will succeed Mr. Swank as Chief Executive Officer and President of the Funds.
Mr. Blake Nelson, Chief Financial Officer of Cushing® Asset Management, L.P., will succeed Mr. Alban as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Funds.
Mr. Swank will continue to serve as a Trustee of the Funds, and due to his continuing ownership of Cushing® Asset Management, L.P. will continue to be deemed as an “Interested Trustee” of the Trust.
There were no additional subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued that would require adjustments to or additional disclosure in these financial statements.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
To the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees of
The Cushing MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of The Cushing MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund (the “Fund”), including the schedule of investments, as of November 30, 2021, and the related statements of operations and cash flows for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended, the financial highlights for each of the five years in the period then ended and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund at November 30, 2021, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and its financial highlights for each of the five years in the period then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Fund is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of November 30, 2021, by correspondence and brokers or by other appropriate auditing procedures where replies from brokers were not received. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We have served as the auditor of one or more Cushing investment companies since 2011.
Dallas, Texas
January 31, 2022
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Trustees and Executive Officers (Unaudited) |
Set forth below is information with respect to each of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust, including their principal occupations during the past five years. The business address of the Fund, its Trustees and executive officers is 300 Crescent Court, Suite 1700, Dallas, Texas 75201.
Board of Trustees
Name and Year of Birth | Position(s) Held with the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Time Served(1) | Principal Occupations During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Independent Trustees | | | | |
Brian R. Bruce (1955) | Lead Independent Trustee | Trustee since 2007 | Chief Executive Officer, Hillcrest Asset Management, LLC (2008 – present) (registered investment adviser). Previously, Director of Southern Methodist University’s Encap Investment and LCM Group Alternative Asset Management Center (2006 – 2011). Chief Investment Officer of Panagora Asset Management, Inc. (1999 – 2007) (investment management company). | 4 | CM Advisers Family of Funds (2 series) (2003 – present). |
Andrea N. Mullins (1967) | Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee | Trustee since 2021 | Private Investor; Independent Contractor, SWM Advisors (2014 – present). | 4 | Valued Advisers Trust (14 portfolios) (2013 – present) (series trust/mutual funds); Angel Oak Family of Funds (9 portfolios) (2019 – present). |
Ronald P. Trout (1939) | Trustee and Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee | Trustee since 2007 | Retired. Previously, founding partner and Senior Vice President of Hourglass Capital Management, Inc. (1989 – 2002) (investment management company). | 4 | Dorchestor Minerals, L.P. (2008 – present) (acquisition, ownership and administration of natural gas and crude oil royalty, net profits and leasehold interests in the U.S.) |
Interested Trustees | | | | |
Jerry V. Swank (1951)(3) | Trustee, Chairman of the Board | Trustee since 2007 | Formerly Managing Partner of the Adviser and founder of Swank Capital, LLC (2000 – 2021). | 4 | E-T Energy Ltd. (2008 – 2014) (developing, operating, producing and selling recoverable bitumen). |
(1) | After a Trustee’s initial term, each Trustee is expected to serve a three-year term concurrent with the class of Trustees for which he serves. Mr. Trout is expected to stand for re-election in 2022, Mr. Bruce in 2023, and Ms. Mullins and Mr. Swank in 2024. |
(2) | The “Fund Complex” includes each registered investment company for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser. As of November 30, 2021, there were four funds in the Fund Complex. |
(3) | Mr. Swank is an “interested person” of the Fund, as defined under the 1940 Act, by virtue of his position as Managing Partner of the Adviser. |
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Executive Officers
The following provides information regarding the executive officers of the Fund who are not Trustees. Officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees and until his or her successor is appointed and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal.
Name and Year of Birth | Position(s) Held with the Trust | Term of Office and Length of Time Served(1) | Principal Occupations During Past Five Years |
John H. Alban (1963) | Chief Executive Officer, President, and Treasurer | Officer since 2010 | Chief Executive Officer (2019 – present) and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) of the Adviser (2010 – present); Previously, Chief Administrative Officer of NGP Energy Capital Management (2007 – 2009); COO of Spinnerhawk Capital Management, L.P. (2005 – 2007). |
Blake R. Nelson (1986) | Chief Financial Officer | Officer since 2021 | Chief Financial Officer of the Adviser (2021 – present); Controller of Adviser (2013 – 2021) |
Mathew J. Calabro (1966) | Chief Compliance Officer | Officer since 2021 | Chief Compliance Officer of the Investment Adviser and funds in the fund complex (2021 – present); Director of Institutional Manager Services at Ascendant Compliance Management, LLC (a subsidiary of Compliance Solutions Strategies) (2016 – present). |
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund Additional Information (Unaudited) November 30, 2021 |
Investment Objective, Policies and Parameters
The Fund’s investment objective is to obtain a high after-tax total return from a combination of capital appreciation and current income.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in a portfolio of infrastructure master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and MLP-related investments (together, “MLP Investments”) (the “80% policy”). For purposes of the Fund’s 80% policy, MLP Investments are investments that offer economic exposure to public and private MLPs in the form of common or subordinated units issued by MLPs, securities of entities holding primarily general partner or managing members interests in MLPs, debt securities of MLPs, and securities that are derivatives of interests in MLPs, which are I-Shares and other derivative securities that have economic characteristics of MLP securities, and businesses that operate and have the economic characteristics of MLP Investments but are organized and taxed as “C” corporations or as limited liability companies (“Other Natural Resource Companies”). The Fund considers an MLP Investment to be an infrastructure MLP Investment if at least 50% of its assets, income, sales or profits are committed to or derived from the development, construction, management, ownership or operation of assets that are used for natural resource-based activities.
The Fund will invest no more than 25% of its total assets in securities of energy master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) that qualify as publicly traded partnerships under the Internal Revenue Code.
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in a more limited number of issuers than a diversified fund. An investment in the Fund may present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified portfolio because changes in the financial condition or market assessment of a single issuer may cause greater fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s shares.
Risks
Investment and Market Risk
An investment in Common Shares of the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. An investment in the Common Shares of the Fund represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund. The value of those securities may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, particularly under current economic, financial, labor, and health conditions. The value of the securities owned by the Fund may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived economic conditions, changes in interest or currency rates or changes in investor sentiment or market outlook generally. At any point in time, your Common Shares may be worth less than your original investment, including the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions.
Common Stock Risk
The Fund will have exposure to common stocks. Although common stocks have historically generated higher average total returns than fixed-income securities over the long-term, common stocks also have experienced significantly more volatility in those returns and may significantly under-perform relative to fixed income securities during certain periods. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular common stock held by the Fund. Also, the price of common stocks is sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks to which the Fund has exposure. Common stock prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when
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political or economic events affecting the issuers occur. In addition, common stock prices may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. At times, stock markets can be volatile and stock prices can change substantially. While broad market measures of common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than income securities, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns. Common stock in which the Fund may invest is structurally subordinated to preferred stock, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and are therefore inherently more risky than preferred stock or debt instruments of such issuers.
Concentration Risk
The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in issuers in the natural resources industry. Because the Fund will be concentrated in the natural resources industry, it will be more susceptible to the risks associated with that industry than if it were more broadly diversified over numerous industries. General changes in market sentiment towards MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may adversely affect the Fund, and the performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may lag behind the broader market as a whole. Also, the Fund’s concentration in the natural resources industry may subject the Fund to a variety risks associated with that industry.
MLP and Other Natural Resources Company Risks
MLP and Other Natural Resources Companies are subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to, the following:
Commodity Price Risk. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may be affected by fluctuations in the prices of commodities, including, for example, natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil, in the short- and long-term. Natural resources commodity prices have been very volatile in the past and such volatility is expected to continue. Fluctuations in commodity prices can result from changes in general economic conditions or political circumstances (especially of key energy-consuming countries); market conditions; weather patterns; domestic production levels; volume of imports; energy conservation; domestic and foreign governmental regulation; international politics; policies of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”); taxation; tariffs; and the availability and costs of local, intrastate and interstate transportation methods. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies engaged in crude oil and natural gas exploration, development or production, natural gas gathering and processing, crude oil refining and transportation and coal mining or sales may be directly affected by their respective natural resources commodity prices. The volatility of, and interrelationships between, commodity prices can also indirectly affect certain other MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies due to the potential impact on the volume of commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed. Some MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies that own the underlying energy commodity may be unable to effectively mitigate or manage direct margin exposure to commodity price levels. The energy sector as a whole may also be impacted by the perception that the performance of energy sector companies is directly linked to commodity prices. The prices of companies’ securities can be adversely affected by market perceptions that their performance and distributions or distributions are directly tied to commodity prices. High commodity prices may drive further energy conservation efforts and a slowing economy may adversely impact energy consumption which may adversely affect the performance of MLP and Other Natural Resources Companies.
Prices of oil and other energy commodities have experienced significant volatility during recent years, including as a result of the pandemic spread of infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as “COVID-19,” during which demand for energy commodities fell sharply and energy commodity prices reached historic lows, and may continue to experience relatively high volatility for a prolonged period. Companies engaged in crude oil and natural gas exploration, development or production, natural gas gathering and processing, crude oil refining and transportation and coal mining or sales may be directly affected by their respective natural resources commodity prices. The volatility of commodity prices may also indirectly affect certain companies engaged in the transportation, processing, storage or distribution of such commodities. Some companies that
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own the underlying commodities may be unable to effectively mitigate or manage direct margin exposure to commodity price levels. The natural resources sector as a whole may also be impacted by the perception that the performance of natural resources sector companies is directly linked to commodity prices. As a result, many companies in which the Fund may invest have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by volatility of prices of energy commodities. Reductions in production of oil and other energy commodities may lag decreases in demand or declines in commodity prices, resulting in global oversupply in such commodities. Slower global growth may lower demand for oil and other energy commodities and increased exports by Iran with the end of sanctions may increase supply, exacerbating oversupply of such commodities and further reducing commodity prices. Continued volatility of commodity prices could further erode such companies’ growth prospects and negatively impact such companies’ ability to sustain attractive distribution levels.
Cyclicality Risk. The operating results of companies in the broader natural resources sector are cyclical, with fluctuations in commodity prices and demand for commodities driven by a variety of factors. The highly cyclical nature of the natural resources sector may adversely affect the earnings or operating cash flows of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest.
Supply Risk. The profitability of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, particularly those involved in processing, gathering and pipeline transportation, may be materially impacted by the volume of natural gas or other energy commodities available for transportation, processing, storage or distribution. A significant decrease in the production of natural gas, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities, due to the decline of production from existing resources, import supply disruption, depressed commodity prices or otherwise, would reduce the revenue, operating income and operating cash flows of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies and, therefore, their ability to make distributions or pay dividends. The volume of production of energy commodities and the volume of energy commodities available for transportation, storage, processing or distribution could be affected by a variety of factors, including depletion of resources; depressed commodity prices; catastrophic events; labor relations; increased environmental or other governmental regulation; equipment malfunctions and maintenance difficulties; import volumes; international politics; policies of OPEC; and increased competition from alternative energy sources.
Demand Risk. A sustained decline in demand for coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and refined petroleum products could adversely affect an MLP’s or an Other Natural Resources Company’s revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a sustained decrease in market demand include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying commodity that is not, or is not expected to be, merely a short-term increase, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer demand for such products. Demand may also be adversely affected by consumer sentiment with respect to global warming and by state or federal legislation intended to promote the use of alternative energy sources.
Depletion Risk. Companies engaged in the exploration, development, management or production of energy commodities face the risk that commodity reserves are depleted over time. Such companies seek to increase their reserves through expansion of their current businesses, acquisitions, further development of their existing sources of energy commodities, exploration of new sources of energy commodities or by entering into long-term contracts for additional reserves; however, there are risks associated with each of these potential strategies. If such companies fail to acquire additional reserves in a cost-effective manner and at a rate at least equal to the rate at which their existing reserves decline, their financial performance may suffer. Additionally, failure to replenish reserves could reduce the amount and affect the tax characterization of the distributions paid by such companies.
Risks Related to Expansions and Acquisitions. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies employ a variety of means to increase cash flow, including increasing utilization of existing facilities, expanding operations through new construction or development activities, expanding operations through acquisitions, or securing additional long-term contracts. Thus, some MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies may be subject to construction risk, development risk, acquisition risk or other risks arising from their specific business strategies.
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MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies that attempt to grow through acquisitions may not be able to effectively integrate acquired operations with their existing operations. In addition, acquisition or expansion projects may not perform as anticipated. A significant slowdown in merger and acquisition activity in the natural resources sector could reduce the growth rate of cash flows received by the Fund from MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies that grow through acquisitions.
Competition Risk. The natural resources sector is highly competitive. The MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest will face substantial competition from other companies, many of which will have greater financial, technological, human and other resources, in acquiring natural resources assets, obtaining and retaining customers and contracts and hiring and retaining qualified personnel. Larger companies may be able to pay more for assets and may have a greater ability to continue their operations during periods of low commodity prices. To the extent that the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest are unable to compete effectively, their operating results, financial position, growth potential and cash flows may be adversely affected, which could in turn adversely affect the results of the Fund.
Weather Risk. Extreme weather conditions could result in substantial damage to the facilities of certain MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies located in the affected areas and significant volatility in the supply of natural resources, commodity prices and the earnings of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies and could therefore adversely affect their securities.
Interest Rate Risk. The prices of the equity and debt securities of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies the Fund expects to hold in its portfolio are susceptible in the short-term to a decline when interest rates rise. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of securities of certain MLPs as a result of the increased availability of alternative investments with yields comparable to those of MLPs. Rising interest rates could adversely impact the financial performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies by increasing their cost of capital. This may reduce their ability to execute acquisitions or expansion projects in a cost-effective manner. The risk of interest rates rising is more pronounced in the current market environment with certain rates at historic lows and recent inflationary price movements.
Sub-Sector Specific Risk. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies are also subject to risks that are specific to the particular sub-sector of the natural resources sector in which they operate.
Pipelines. Pipeline companies are subject to the demand for natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil or refined products in the markets they serve, changes in the availability of products for gathering, transportation, processing or sale due to natural declines in reserves and production in the supply areas serviced by the companies’ facilities, sharp decreases in crude oil or natural gas prices that cause producers to curtail production or reduce capital spending for exploration activities, and environmental regulation. Demand for gasoline, which accounts for a substantial portion of refined product transportation, depends on price, prevailing economic conditions in the markets served, and demographic and seasonal factors. Companies that own interstate pipelines that transport natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil or refined petroleum products are subject to regulation by FERC with respect to the tariff rates they may charge for transportation services. An adverse determination by FERC with respect to the tariff rates of such a company could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of those companies and their ability to pay cash distributions or dividends. In addition, FERC has a tax allowance policy, which permits such companies to include in their cost of service an income tax allowance to the extent that their owners have an actual or potential tax liability on the income generated by them. If FERC’s income tax allowance policy were to change in the future to disallow a material portion of the income tax allowance taken by such interstate pipeline companies, it would adversely impact the maximum tariff rates that such companies are permitted to charge for their transportation services, which would in turn adversely affect the results of operations and cash flows of those companies and their ability to pay cash distributions or dividends to their unit holders or shareholders.
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Gathering and Processing. Gathering and processing companies are subject to natural declines in the production of oil and natural gas fields, which utilize their gathering and processing facilities as a way to market their production, prolonged declines in the price of natural gas or crude oil, which curtails drilling activity and therefore production and declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products, which cause lower processing margins. In addition, some gathering, and processing contracts subject the gathering or processing company to direct commodities price risk.
Exploration and Production. Exploration, development and production companies are particularly vulnerable to declines in the demand for and prices of crude oil and natural gas. Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas can cause a given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued production earlier than it would if prices were higher, resulting in the plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of production from, that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity prices not only reduce revenues but also can result in substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data, the accuracy of assumptions regarding future commodity prices and future exploration and development costs and engineering and geological interpretations and judgments. Different reserve engineers may make different estimates of reserve quantities and related revenue based on the same data. Actual oil and gas prices, development expenditures and operating expenses will vary from those assumed in reserve estimates, and these variances may be significant. Any significant variance from the assumptions used could result in the actual quantity of reserves and future net cash flow being materially different from those estimated in reserve reports. In addition, results of drilling, testing and production and changes in prices after the date of reserve estimates may result in downward revisions to such estimates. Substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates could have a material adverse effect on a given exploration and production company’s financial position and results of operations. In addition, due to natural declines in reserves and production, exploration and production companies must economically find or acquire and develop additional reserves in order to maintain and grow their revenues and distributions.
Propane. Propane companies are subject to earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the locations where they operate and increases in the wholesale price of propane which reduce profit margins. In addition, propane companies are facing increased competition due to the growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and alternative energy sources for residential heating.
Coal. Coal companies are subject to declines in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand variability can be based on weather conditions, the strength of the domestic economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their customer base, and the prices of competing sources of fuel for electric generation. They are also subject to supply variability based on geological conditions that reduce the productivity of mining operations, the availability of regulatory permits for mining activities and the availability of coal that meets the standards of the federal Clean Air Act of 1990, as amended (the “Clean Air Act”). Demand and prices for coal may also be affected by current and proposed regulatory limitations on emissions from coal-fired power plants and the facilities of other coal end users. Such limitations may reduce demand for the coal produced and transported by coal companies. Certain coal companies could face declining revenues if they are unable to acquire additional coal reserves or other mineral reserves that are economically recoverable.
Marine Shipping. Marine shipping companies are subject to supply of and demand for, and level of consumption of, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, crude oil, refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gases in the supply areas and market areas they serve, which affect the demand for marine shipping services and therefore charter rates. Shipping companies’ vessels and cargoes are also subject to the risk of being damaged or lost due to marine disasters, extreme weather, mechanical failures, grounding, fire, explosions, collisions, human error, piracy, war and terrorism. Some vessels may also require replacement or significant capital improvements earlier than otherwise required due to changing regulatory standards. Shipping companies or their ships may be chartered in any country and the Fund’s investments in such issuers may be subject to risks similar to risks related to investments in non-U.S. securities.
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Cash Flow Risk. The Fund will derive substantially all of its cash flow from investments in equity securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. The amount of cash that the Fund has available to distribute to shareholders will depend on the ability of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund has an interest to make distributions or pay dividends to their investors and the tax character of those distributions or dividends. The Fund will likely have no influence over the actions of the MLPs in which it invests with respect to the payment of distributions or dividends and may only have limited influence over Other Natural Resources Companies in that regard. The amount of cash that any individual MLP or Other Natural Resources Company can distribute to its investors, including the Fund, will depend on the amount of cash it generates from operations, which will vary from quarter to quarter depending on factors affecting the natural resources sector generally and the particular business lines of the issuer. Available cash will also depend on the MLP’s or Other Natural Resources Company’s operating costs, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisition costs (if any), fluctuations in working capital needs and other factors. The cash that an MLP will have available for distribution will also depend on the incentive distributions payable to its general partner or managing member in connection with distributions paid to its equity investors.
Regulatory Risk. The profitability of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies could be adversely affected by changes in the regulatory environment. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies are subject to significant foreign, federal, state and local regulation in virtually every aspect of their operations, including with respect to how facilities are constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety controls, and the prices they may charge for the products and services they provide. Such regulation can change over time in both scope and intensity. For example, a particular by-product may be declared hazardous by a regulatory agency and unexpectedly increase production costs. Various governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may adversely affect the financial performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies.
MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may be adversely affected by future regulatory requirements. While the nature of such regulations cannot be predicted at this time, they may impose additional costs or limit certain operations by MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies operating in various sectors.
Specifically, the operations of wells, gathering systems, pipelines, refineries and other facilities are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. These include, for example:
| ● | the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions. |
| ● | the federal Clean Water Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to discharges of pollutants into regulated bodies of water. |
| ● | the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and comparable state laws and regulations that impose requirements for the handling and disposal of waste from facilities; and |
| ● | the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), also known as “Superfund,” and comparable state laws and regulations that regulate the cleanup of hazardous substances that may have been released at properties currently or previously owned or operated by MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies or at locations to which they have sent waste for disposal. |
Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the imposition of remedial requirements, and the issuance of orders enjoining future operations. Certain environmental statutes, including RCRA, CERCLA, the federal Oil Pollution Act and analogous state laws and regulations, impose strict, joint and several liability for costs required to clean up and restore sites where hazardous substances have been disposed
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or otherwise released. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other waste products into the environment.
There is an inherent risk that MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. For example, an accidental release from wells or gathering pipelines could subject them to substantial liabilities for environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations. Moreover, the possibility exists that stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could significantly increase the compliance costs of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, and the cost of any remediation that may become necessary. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may not be able to recover these costs from insurance.
Proposals for voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls are being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to reduce emissions of “greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels, and methane, the major constituent of natural gas, which many scientists and policymakers believe contribute to global climate change. These measures, if adopted, could result in increased costs to certain companies in which the Fund may invest to operate and maintain natural resources facilities and administer and manage a greenhouse gas emissions program.
In the wake of a Supreme Court decision holding that the EPA has some legal authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act, the federal government announced on May 14, 2007 that the EPA and the Departments of Transportation, Energy, and Agriculture would jointly write regulations to cut gasoline use and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. These measures if adopted could reduce demand for energy or raise prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain of the Fund’s investments.
Environmental Risk. There is an inherent risk that MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. For example, an accidental release from wells or gathering pipelines could subject them to substantial liabilities for environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations. Moreover, the possibility exists that stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could significantly increase the compliance costs of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, and the cost of any remediation that may become necessary. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may not be able to recover these costs from insurance.
In the wake of a Supreme Court decision holding that the EPA has some legal authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act, the EPA and the Department of Transportation jointly wrote regulations to cut gasoline use and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. These measures, and other programs addressing greenhouse gas emissions, could reduce demand for energy or raise prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain of the Fund’s investments.
The types of regulations described above can change over time in both scope and intensity, may have adverse effects on MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies and may be implemented in unforeseen manners on an “emergency” basis in response to catastrophes or other events.
Affiliated Party Risk. Certain MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies are dependent on their parents or sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by an MLP’s or an Other Natural Resources Company’s parents or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would impact the MLP’s or Other Natural Resources Company’s revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions. Moreover, the terms of an MLP’s or an Other Natural Resources Company’s transactions with its parent or sponsor are typically not arrived at on an arm’s-length basis and may not be as favorable to the MLP or Other Natural Resources Company as a transaction with a non-affiliate.
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Catastrophe Risk. The operations of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies are subject to many hazards inherent in the exploration for, and development, production, gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing of, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other hydrocarbons, including: damage to production equipment, pipelines, storage tanks or related equipment and surrounding properties or other adverse impacts resulting from hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires, climate conditions, extreme weather events and other natural disasters and the responses thereto or acts of terrorism; inadvertent damage from construction or other equipment; leaks of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other hydrocarbons; and fires and explosions. Since the September 11th terrorist attacks, the U.S. government has issued warnings that energy assets, specifically U.S. pipeline infrastructure, may be targeted in future terrorist attacks. These dangers give rise to risks of substantial losses as a result of loss or destruction of commodity reserves; damage to or destruction of property, facilities and equipment; pollution and environmental damage; and personal injury or loss of life. Any occurrence of such catastrophic events could bring about a limitation, suspension or discontinuation of the operations of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may not be fully insured against all risks inherent in their business operations and therefore accidents and catastrophic events could adversely affect such companies’ operations, financial conditions and ability to pay distributions to shareholders.
Legislation Risk. There have been proposals in Congress to eliminate certain tax incentives widely used by oil and gas companies and to impose new fees on certain energy producers. The elimination of such tax incentives and imposition of such fees could adversely affect companies in the energy sector in which the Fund invests and/or the energy sector generally.
Technology Risk. Some MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies are focused on developing new technologies and are strongly influenced by technological changes. Technology development efforts by MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies may not result in viable methods or products. MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies may bear high research and development costs, which can limit their ability to maintain operations during periods of organizational growth or instability. Some MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies may be in the early stages of operations and may have limited operating histories and smaller market capitalizations on average than companies in other sectors. As a result of these and other factors, the value of investments in such MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies may be considerably more volatile than that in more established segments of the economy.
Risks Associated with MLP Structure
Holders of MLP units are subject to certain risks inherent in the structure of MLPs, including (i) tax risks (described further below), (ii) the limited ability to elect or remove management or the general partner or managing member (iii) limited voting rights, except with respect to extraordinary transactions, and (iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or managing member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the limited partners or members, on the other hand, including those arising from incentive distribution payments or corporate opportunities.
An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. As compared to common stockholders of a corporation, holders of MLP units have more limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the partnership. In addition, there are certain tax risks (see “—Tax Risks of MLPs,” below) associated with an investment in MLP units and conflicts of interest may exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments.
Because of the Fund’s investments in equity securities of MLPs, the Fund’s earnings and profits may be calculated using accounting methods that are different from those used for calculating taxable income. Because of these differences, the Fund may make distributions out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits, which will be treated as dividends, in years in which the Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income.
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Adverse developments in the natural resources sector may result in MLPs seeking to restructure debt or file for bankruptcy. Limited partners in such MLPs, such as the Fund, may owe taxes on debt that is forgiven in a bankruptcy or an out-of-court restructuring, as cancellation of debt income, which creates a tax liability for investors without an associated cash distribution. While an MLP facing a debt restructuring may seek to implement structures that would limit the tax liability associated with the debt restructuring, there can be no assurance that such structures could be successfully implemented or would not have other adverse impacts on the Fund as an investor in the MLP.
Risks Associated with an Investment in IPOs
The Fund may invest in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). Securities purchased in IPOs are often subject to the general risks associated with investments in companies with small market capitalizations, and typically to a heightened degree. Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and information about the companies may be available for very limited periods. In addition, the prices of securities sold in an IPO may be highly volatile. At any particular time or from time to time, the Fund may not be able to invest in IPOs, or to invest to the extent desired, because, for example, only a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may be available to the Fund. In addition, under certain market conditions, a relatively small number of companies may issue securities in IPOs. The investment performance of the Fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when the Fund is able to do so. IPO securities may be volatile, and the Fund cannot predict whether investments in IPOs will be successful.
Risks Associated with an Investment in PIPE Transactions
The Fund may invest in private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) transactions. PIPE investors purchase securities directly from a publicly traded company in a private placement transaction, typically at a discount to the market price of the company’s common stock. Because the sale of the securities is not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the securities are “restricted” and cannot be immediately resold by the investors into the public markets. Accordingly, the company typically agrees as part of the PIPE deal to register the restricted securities with the SEC. PIPE securities may be deemed illiquid.
Privately Held Company Risk
Investing in privately held companies involves risk. For example, privately held companies are not subject to SEC reporting requirements, are not required to maintain their accounting records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and are not required to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate information about the business, financial condition and results of operations of the privately held companies in which the Fund invests. In addition, the securities of privately held companies are generally illiquid, and entail the risks described under “—Liquidity Risk” below.
MLP Risks
An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. As compared to common stockholders of a corporation, holders of MLP units have more limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the partnership. In addition, there are certain tax risks associated with an investment in MLP units and conflicts of interest may exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments.
A portion of the benefit the Fund derives from its investment in equity securities of MLPs is a result of MLPs generally being treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Partnerships generally do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level. Rather, each partner of a partnership, in computing its U.S. federal income tax liability, will include its allocable share of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law, or a change in the business of a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in such MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income. The classification of an MLP as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution
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by the MLP and causing any such distributions received by the Fund to be treated as dividend income to the extent of the MLP’s current or accumulated earnings and profits. Thus, if any of the MLPs owned by the Fund were treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the after-tax return to the Fund with respect to its investment in such MLPs would be materially reduced, which could cause a decline in the value of the Common Shares. Recently, a number of MLPs have reduced, suspended or eliminated their distributions. In addition, changes in tax laws or regulations, or future interpretations of such laws or regulations, could adversely affect the Fund or the MLP investments in which the Fund invests.
To the extent that the Fund invests in the equity securities of an MLP treated as a partnership under the Code, the Fund will be a partner in such MLP. Accordingly, the Fund will be required to include in its taxable income the Fund’s allocable share of the income, gains, losses, deductions and credits recognized by each such MLP, regardless of whether the MLP distributes cash to the Fund. Historically, MLPs have been able to offset a significant portion of their income with tax deductions. The Fund will recognize taxable income on its allocable share of an MLP’s income and gains that is not offset by the MLP’s tax deductions, losses and credits. The portion, if any, of a distribution received by the Fund from an MLP that is offset by the MLP’s tax deductions, losses or credits is essentially treated as a return of capital. However, those distributions will reduce the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the equity securities of the MLP, which will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any such equity securities and may increase the amount of income or gain that will be recognized by the Fund upon subsequent distributions in respect of such equity securities. The percentage of an MLP’s income and gains that is offset by tax deductions, losses and credits will fluctuate over time for various reasons. For example, a significant slowdown in acquisition activity or capital spending by MLPs held in the Fund’s portfolio could result in a reduction of accelerated depreciation generated by new acquisitions, which may result in a decrease in the portion of the MLP’s distributions that is offset by tax deductions.
Because of the Fund’s investments in equity securities of MLPs, the Fund’s earnings and profits may be calculated using accounting methods that are different from those used for calculating taxable income. Because of these differences, the Fund may make distributions out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits, which will be treated as dividends, in years in which the Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income.
Adverse developments in the energy sector may result in MLPs seeking to restructure debt or file for bankruptcy. Limited partners in such MLPs, such as the Fund, may owe taxes on debt that is forgiven in a bankruptcy or an out-of-court restructuring, as cancellation of debt income, which creates a tax liability for investors without an associated cash distribution. While an MLP facing a debt restructuring may seek to implement structures that would limit the tax liability associated with the debt restructuring, there can be no assurance that such structures could be successfully implemented or would not have other adverse impacts on the Fund as an investor in the MLP.
Liquidity Risk
The investments made by the Fund may be illiquid and consequently the Fund may not be able to sell such investments at prices that reflect the Investment Adviser’s assessment of their value, the amount paid for such investments by the Fund or at prices approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books. Furthermore, the nature of the Fund’s investments may require a long holding period prior to profitability.
Although the equity securities of the companies in which the Fund invests generally trade on major stock exchanges, certain securities may trade less frequently, particularly those with smaller capitalizations. Securities with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements. Investment of the Fund’s capital in securities that are less actively traded or over time experience decreased trading volume may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of other market opportunities.
The Fund may invest in unregistered or otherwise restricted securities. Unregistered securities are securities that cannot be sold publicly in the United States without registration under the Securities Act, unless an exemption from such registration is available. Restricted securities may be more difficult to value, and the Fund may have
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difficulty disposing of such assets either in a timely manner or for a reasonable price. In order to dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered so that the Fund could sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquirer of the securities. The Fund would, in either case, bear the risks of any downward price fluctuation during that period. The difficulties and delays associated with selling restricted securities could result in the Fund’s inability to realize a favorable price upon disposition of such securities, and at times might make disposition of such securities impossible.
Tax Risks
The Fund has selected to be treated, and intends to continue to qualify to be treated, as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under section 851 of the Code. In order to continue to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy income, asset diversification and distribution requirements. As long as the Fund so qualifies, it will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that it distributes annually the Fund taxable income and gains. There can be no assurance that the Fund will qualify as a RIC for any given year.
In addition to other risk considerations, an investment in the Fund’s Common Shares will involve certain tax risks, including, but not limited to, the risks summarized above and discussed in more detail elsewhere in this report. Tax matters are complicated, and the foreign and U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences of the purchase and ownership of the Fund’s Common Shares will depend on the facts of each investor’s situation. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the specific tax consequences that may affect such investors.
Equity Securities Risk
Master limited partnership common units and other equity securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies can be affected by macroeconomic, political, global and other factors affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or the natural resources sector, changes in a particular company’s financial condition, or the unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a particular MLP or Other Natural Resources Company (which, in the case of an MLP, is generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Prices of common units and other equity securities of individual MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies can also be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage ratios.
MLP Subordinated Units. Master limited partnership subordinated units are not typically listed on an exchange or publicly traded. Holders of MLP subordinated units are entitled to receive a distribution only after the minimum quarterly distribution (the “MQD”) has been paid to holders of common units, but prior to payment of incentive distributions to the general partner or managing member. Master limited partnership subordinated units generally do not provide arrearage rights. Most MLP subordinated units are convertible into common units after the passage of a specified period of time or upon the achievement by the MLP of specified financial goals.
General Partner and Managing Member Interests. General partner and managing member interests are not publicly traded, though they may be owned by publicly traded entities such as GP MLPs. A holder of general partner or managing member interests can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment. In addition, while a general partner or managing member’s incentive distribution rights can mean that general partners and managing members have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, these incentive distribution payments would decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common or subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. A general partner or managing member interest can be redeemed by the MLP if the MLP unit holders choose to remove the general partner, typically by a supermajority vote of the limited partners or members.
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Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk
Certain of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund may invest may have small or medium-sized market capitalizations (“small-cap” and “mid-cap” companies, respectively). Investing in the securities of small-cap or mid-cap MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies presents some particular investment risks. These MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may have limited product lines and markets, as well as shorter operating histories, less experienced management and more limited financial resources than larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies and may be more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic developments. Stocks of these MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies may be less liquid than those of larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies and may experience greater price fluctuations than larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. In addition, small-cap or mid-cap company securities may not be widely followed by investors, which may result in reduced demand.
Risks Associated with Canadian Royalty Funds and Canadian E&P Companies
Canadian royalty trusts are generally subject to similar risks as U.S. royalty trusts, as described above. However, unlike U.S. royalty trusts, Canadian royalty trusts and E&P companies may engage in the acquisition, development and production of natural gas and crude oil to replace depleting reserves. They may have employees, issue new shares, borrow money, acquire additional properties, and manage the resources themselves. As a result, Canadian royalty trusts and Canadian E&P companies are exposed to commodity risk and production and reserve risk, as well as operating risk.
Under amendments to the Income Tax Act (Canada) passed in 2007 (the “SIFT Rules”), certain trusts (defined as “SIFT trusts”) are taxable on certain income and gains on a basis similar to that which applies to a corporation, with the result that tax efficiencies formerly available in respect of an investment in the trust may cease to be available. A royalty trust may be a SIFT trust. A trust that began public trading before November 1, 2006 did not become subject to the SIFT Rules until the first year of the trust that ended in 2011, or earlier if the trust exceeded “normal growth guidelines” incorporated by reference into the Income Tax Act (Canada). In addition, as a result of the SIFT Rules, some trusts may undertake reorganization transactions, the costs of which may affect the return earned on an investment in the trust. After any such conversion, tax efficiencies that were formerly available in respect of an investment in the trust may cease to be available. Accordingly, the SIFT Rules have had and may continue to have an effect on the trading price of investments in royalty trusts, and consequently could impact the value of Common Shares of the Fund.
Canadian Risk
The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources. There is a risk that any changes in these sectors could have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is dependent on the economy of the United States as a key trading partner. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may cause an impact in the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy may be significantly affected by the U.S. economy, given that the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994, total two-way merchandise trade between the United States and Canada has more than doubled. To further this relationship, all three NAFTA countries entered into The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which addressed economic and security related issues, and the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which replaced NAFTA effective July 1, 2020. These agreements may further affect Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Past periodic demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market.
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Non-U.S. Securities Risk
Investing in non-U.S. securities involves certain risks not involved in domestic investments, including, but not limited to: fluctuations in foreign exchange rates; future foreign economic, financial, political and social developments; different legal systems; the possible imposition of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions, including expropriation; lower trading volume; much greater price volatility and illiquidity of certain non-U.S. securities markets; different trading and settlement practices; less governmental supervision; changes in currency exchange rates; high and volatile rates of inflation; fluctuating interest rates; less publicly available information; and different accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards and requirements.
Certain countries in which the Fund may invest, especially emerging market countries, historically have experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty and instability. The cost of servicing external debt will generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates that are adjusted based upon international interest rates. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a risk of: the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets; confiscatory taxation; difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment; restrictions on currency repatriation; economic, political or social instability; and diplomatic developments that could affect investments in those countries.
Because the Fund may invest in securities denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the value of securities in the Fund and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments. Currencies of certain countries may be volatile and therefore may affect the value of securities denominated in such currencies, which means that the Fund’s net asset value or current income could decline as a result of changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Certain investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Dividend income from non-U.S. corporations may not be eligible for the reduced U.S. income tax rate currently available for qualified dividend income. These risks often are heightened for investments in smaller, emerging capital markets. In addition, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as: growth of gross domestic product; rates of inflation; capital reinvestment; resources; self-sufficiency; and balance of payments position.
Investing in securities of issuers based in underdeveloped emerging markets entails all of the risks of investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers to a heightened degree. “Emerging market countries” generally include every nation in the world except developed countries, that is the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. These heightened risks include: greater risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, and less social, political and economic stability; the smaller size of the market for such securities and a lower volume of trading, resulting in lack of liquidity and an increase in price volatility; and certain national policies that may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities including restrictions on investing in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to relevant national interests. As a result of these potential risks, the Investment Adviser may determine that, notwithstanding otherwise favorable investment criteria, it may not be practicable or appropriate to invest in a particular country.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed rate securities such as preferred and debt securities will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. When market interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally will fall. Longer-term fixed rate securities are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes. Greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates typically corresponds to increased volatility and increased risk. The Fund’s investment in such securities means that the net asset value and market price of, and distributions on, Common Shares will tend to decline if the market interest rates rise. Duration is a measure of sensitivity to changes in interest rates and reflects a variety of factors, including the maturity and variability, if any, of
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the interest rate and the call potential of the security. For this reason, duration should not be confused with maturity. If a portfolio has a duration of three years and interest rates increase by 1%, then, all else being equal, the portfolio would decline in value by approximately 3%. These risks may be greater in the current market environment because interest rates in the U.S. are at or near historically low levels. Any interest rate increases in the future could cause the value of the Fund to decrease. Recently, there have been signs of inflationary price movements. As such, fixed income securities markets may experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity risk.
The risk of loss on preferred securities due to rising market interest rates may be exacerbated by extension risk, which is the risk of a preferred security’s expected maturity and duration lengthening, and therefore the interest rate risk that it presents increasing, if and when market interest rates rise. Extension risk is caused by the fact that preferred securities are typically callable by the issuer, and callable fixed rate securities are more likely to be called in a lower market interest rate environment (because the issuer can refinance those securities at low current market rates); conversely, callable fixed rate securities become less likely to be called if market interest rates rise. Because rising market interest rates reduce the likelihood that an issuer will exercise its right to call a preferred security, such an interest rate rise causes the duration of that security, and therefore its interest rate risk going forward, to increase, thus increasing, in an accelerating manner, the degree to which any further interest rate rise will cause the security to lose value.
Additionally, the costs associated with any leverage used by the Fund are likely to increase when interest rates rise. Accordingly, the market price of the Fund’s Common Shares may decline when interest rates rise. The risk of interest rates rising is more pronounced in the current market environment with certain rates at historic lows and recent inflationary price movements.
Interest Rate Hedging Risk
The Fund may from time-to-time hedge against interest rate risk resulting from the Fund’s portfolio holdings and any leverage it may incur. Interest rate transactions the Fund may use for hedging purposes will expose the Fund to certain risks that differ from the risks associated with its portfolio holdings. There are economic costs of hedging reflected in the price of interest rate swaps, caps and similar techniques, the cost of which can be significant. In addition, the Fund’s success in using hedging instruments is subject to the Investment Adviser’s ability to correctly predict changes in the relationships of such hedging instruments to the Fund’s leverage risk, and there can be no assurance that the Investment Adviser’s judgment in this respect will be accurate. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the Fund’s use of interest rate hedging instruments could enhance or decrease investment company taxable income available to the holders of its Common Shares. To the extent there is a decline in interest rates, the value of interest rate swaps or caps could decline, and result in a decline in the net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares. In addition, if the counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap defaults, the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the interest rate swap or cap to offset its cost of leverage.
Arbitrage Risk
A part of the Investment Adviser’s investment operations may involve spread positions between two or more securities, or derivatives positions including commodities hedging positions, or a combination of the foregoing. The Investment Adviser’s trading operations also may involve arbitraging between two securities or commodities, between the security, commodity and related options or derivatives markets, between spot and futures or forward markets, and/or any combination of the above. To the extent the price relationships between such positions remain constant, no gain or loss on the positions will occur. These offsetting positions entail substantial risk that the price differential could change unfavorably, causing a loss to the position. Certain derivatives transactions have economic characteristics similar to leverage.
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Leverage Risk
The Fund may use leverage through the issuance of Indebtedness or the issuance of preferred shares. The use of leverage magnifies both the favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the investments made by the Fund. Insofar as the Fund employs leverage in its investment operations, the Fund will be subject to increased risk of loss. In addition, the Fund will pay (and the holders of Common Shares will bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of leverage, including higher advisory fees. Similarly, any decline in the net asset value of the Fund’s investments will be borne entirely by the holders of Common Shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Fund’s portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value to the holders of Common Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the Common Shares.
Leverage creates a greater risk of loss, as well as potential for more gain, for the Fund’s Common Shares than if leverage is not used. Preferred shares or debt issued by the Fund would have complete priority upon distribution of assets over Common Shares. Depending on the type of leverage involved, the Fund’s use of leverage may require the approval of its Board of Trustees. The Fund expects to invest the net proceeds derived from any leveraging according to the investment objective and policies described in this report. So long as the Fund’s portfolio is invested in securities that provide a higher rate of return than the distribution rate or interest rate of the leverage instrument or other borrowing arrangements, after taking its related expenses into consideration, the leverage will cause the Fund’s Common Shareholders to receive a higher rate of income than if it were not leveraged. There is no assurance that any Fund will continue to utilize leverage or, if leverage is utilized, that it will be successful in enhancing the level of the Fund’s total return. The net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares will be reduced by the fees and issuance costs of any leverage.
Leverage creates risk for holders of the Fund’s Common Shares, including the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value and market price of the shares. Risk of fluctuations in distribution rates or interest rates on leverage instruments or other borrowing arrangements may affect the return to the holders of the Fund’s Common Shares. To the extent the return on securities purchased with funds received from the use of leverage exceeds the cost of leverage (including increased expenses to the Fund), the Fund’s returns will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the return derived from such securities is less than the cost of leverage (including increased expenses to the Fund), the Fund’s returns will be less than if leverage had not been used, and therefore, the amount available for distribution to the Fund’s Common Shareholders will be reduced. In the latter case, the Investment Adviser in its best judgment nevertheless may determine to maintain the Fund’s leveraged position if it expects that the benefits to the Fund’s Common Shareholders of so doing will outweigh the current reduced return. Under normal market conditions, the Fund anticipates that it will be able to invest the proceeds from leverage at a higher rate than the costs of leverage (including increased expenses to the Fund), which would enhance returns to the Fund’s Common Shareholders. The fees paid to the Investment Adviser will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets, which include proceeds from leverage instruments and other borrowings. During periods in which the Fund uses leverage, the investment management fee payable to the Investment Adviser will be higher than if the Fund did not use a leveraged capital structure. Consequently, the Fund and the Investment Adviser may have differing interests in determining whether to leverage the Fund’s assets. The Board of Trustees will monitor the Fund’s use of leverage and this potential conflict.
Securities Lending Risk
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities (up to a maximum of one-third of Managed Assets) to banks or dealers which meet the creditworthiness standards established by the Board of Trustees of the Fund. Securities lending is subject to the risk that loaned securities may not be available to the Fund on a timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the opportunity to sell the securities at a desirable price. Any loss in the market price of securities loaned by the Fund that occurs during the term of the loan would be borne by the Fund and
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would adversely affect the Fund’s performance. In addition, there may be delays in recovery, or no recovery, of securities loaned or even a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially while the loan is outstanding. These risks may be greater for non-U.S. securities.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in a more limited number of issuers than a diversified fund. An investment in the Fund may present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified portfolio because changes in the financial condition or market assessment of a single issuer may cause greater fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s shares.
Valuation Risk
Market prices may not be readily available for certain of the Fund’s investments, and the value of such investments will ordinarily be determined based on fair valuations determined by the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. Restrictions on resale or the absence of a liquid secondary market may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to determine such investment’s net asset value. The sale price of securities that are not readily marketable may be lower or higher than the Fund’s most recent determination of their fair value.
In addition, the value of these securities typically requires more reliance on the judgment of the Investment Adviser than that required for securities for which there is an active trading market. Due to the difficulty in valuing these securities and the absence of an active trading market for these investments, the Fund may not be able to realize these securities’ true value or may have to delay their sale in order to do so.
When determining the fair value of an asset, the Adviser seeks to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s length transaction. Fair value pricing, however, involves judgments that are inherently subjective and inexact, since fair valuation procedures are used only when it is not possible to be sure what value should be attributed to a particular asset or when an event will affect the market price of an asset and to what extent. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value pricing will reflect actual market value, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security will be materially different from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that asset.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the Investment Adviser’s execution of investment decisions. The Fund anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in an increased realization of net short-term capital gains or capital losses by the Fund.
Strategic Transactions Risk
The Fund’s use of Strategic Transactions may involve the purchase and sale of derivative instruments. The Fund may purchase and sell exchange-listed and over the counter put and call options on securities, indices and other instruments, enter into forward contracts, purchase and sell futures contracts and options thereon, enter into swap, cap, floor or collar transactions, purchase structured investment products and enter into transactions that combine multiple derivative instruments. Strategic Transactions often have risks similar to the securities underlying the Strategic Transactions. However, the use of Strategic Transactions also involves risks that are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other portfolio investments. Strategic Transactions may involve the use of highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other portfolio investments. The use of derivative instruments has risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative instruments and the underlying assets, the possible default of the counterparty to the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative investments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use these techniques depends on the Investment Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market
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movements, which cannot be assured. Thus, the use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment or may cause the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash, or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to Strategic Transactions, are not otherwise available to the Fund for investment purposes. It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including regulations enacted pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, which was signed into law in July 2010, may impact the availability, liquidity and cost of derivative instruments. There can be no assurance that such regulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund or will not impair the ability of the Fund to implement certain Strategic Transactions or to achieve their investment objectives. Although the Investment Adviser seeks to use Strategic Transactions to further the Fund’s investment objective, no assurance can be given that the use of Strategic Transactions will achieve this result.
Convertible Instrument Risk
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments. A convertible instrument is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed number of Common Shares of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. Convertible debt instruments have characteristics of both fixed income and equity investments. Convertible instruments are subject both to the stock market risk associated with equity securities and to the credit and interest rate risks associated with fixed-income securities. As the market price of the equity security underlying a convertible instrument falls, the convertible instrument tends to trade on the basis of its yield and other fixed-income characteristics. As the market price of such equity security rises, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features. The Fund may invest in convertible instruments that have varying conversion values. Convertible instruments are typically issued at prices that represent a premium to their conversion value. Accordingly, the value of a convertible instrument increases (or decreases) as the price of the underlying equity security increases (or decreases). If a convertible instrument held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the instrument, or convert it into the underlying stock, and will hold the stock to the extent the Investment Adviser determines that such equity investment is consistent with the investment objective of that Fund.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts entered into by the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceedings. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery, or may obtain no recovery, in such circumstances.
Short Sales Risk
Short selling involves selling securities which may or may not be owned and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed securities at a later date. Short selling allows the short seller to profit from declines in market prices to the extent such declines exceed the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities. A naked short sale creates the risk of an unlimited loss because the price of the underlying security could theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the short position. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a short position will be available for purchase. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise, further exacerbating the loss.
The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer, usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities similar to those borrowed. The Fund also will be required to segregate similar collateral to the extent, if any, necessary so that the value of both collateral amounts in the aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the
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security sold short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which the Fund borrowed the security regarding repaying amounts received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on the Fund’s collateral deposited with such broker-dealer
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s Common Shares and distributions can decline. Inflation risk is more pronounced in the current market environment, as th recent inflationary price movements.
Deflation Risk
Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and their revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio.
Debt Securities Risk
Debt securities are subject to many of the risks described elsewhere in this section. In addition, they are subject to credit risk, prepayment risk and, depending on their quality, other special risks.
Credit Risk. An issuer of a debt security may be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. A Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt obligation is, or is perceived to be, unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The downgrade of a security may further decrease its value.
Prepayment Risk. Certain debt instruments, particularly below investment grade securities, may contain call or redemption provisions which would allow the issuer of the debt instrument to prepay principal prior to the debt instrument’s stated maturity. This is also sometimes known as prepayment risk. Prepayment risk is greater during a falling interest rate environment as issuers can reduce their cost of capital by refinancing higher yielding debt instruments with lower yielding debt instruments. An issuer may also elect to refinance its debt instruments with lower yielding debt instruments if the credit standing of the issuer improves. To the extent debt securities in the Fund’s portfolio are called or redeemed, that Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities.
Preferred Stock Risk
Preferred stocks combine some of the characteristics of both common stocks and debt securities. Preferred stocks generally pay a fixed rate of return and are sold on the basis of current yield, like debt securities. However, because they are equity securities, preferred stock provides equity ownership of a company, and the income is paid in the form of distributions. Preferred stocks typically have a yield advantage over common stocks as well as comparably rated fixed income investments. Preferred stocks are typically subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt instruments. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock distributions are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Preferred stocks also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions. Certain of the preferred stocks in which the Fund may invest may be convertible preferred stocks, which have risks similar to convertible securities as described below in “—Convertible Instrument Risk.”
Below Investment Grade Securities (Junk Bonds) Risk
Below investment grade and unrated debt securities generally pay a premium above the yields of U.S. government securities or debt securities of investment grade issuers because they are subject to greater risks than those securities. These risks, which reflect their speculative character, include the following: greater yield and price volatility; greater credit risk and risk of default; potentially greater sensitivity to general economic
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or industry conditions; potential lack of attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity); and additional expenses to seek recovery from issuers who default. Debt securities rated below investment grade are commonly known as “junk bonds” and are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions.
The prices of these below investment grade and unrated debt securities are more sensitive to negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer’s revenues, downturns in profitability in the natural resources industry or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher-grade securities. Below investment grade and unrated debt securities tend to be less liquid than investment grade securities and the market for below investment grade and unrated debt securities could contract further under adverse market or economic conditions. In such a scenario, it may be more difficult for the Fund to sell these securities in a timely manner or for as high a price as could be realized if such securities were more widely traded. The market value of below investment grade and unrated debt securities may be more volatile than the market value of investment grade securities and generally tends to reflect the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and short-term market developments to a greater extent than investment grade securities, which primarily reflect fluctuations in general levels of interest rates. In the event of a default by a below investment grade or unrated debt security held in the Fund’s portfolio in the payment of principal or interest, the Fund may incur additional expense to the extent the Fund is required to seek recovery of such principal or interest.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including other closed-end or open-end investment companies (including ETFs). The market value of their shares may differ from the net asset value of the particular fund. To the extent the Fund invests a portion of its assets in investment company securities, those assets will be subject to the risks of the purchased investment company’s portfolio securities. In addition, if the Fund invests in such investment companies or investment funds, the Fund’s shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund (including operating expenses and the fees of the investment adviser), but also will indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment company. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described herein. As described in the section entitled “—Leverage Risk,” the net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to stockholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. Other investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund will be dependent upon the investment and research abilities of persons other than the Investment Adviser.
ETN and ETF Risk.
An exchange-traded note (“ETN”) or exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that is based on a specific index may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities in the index. An ETN or ETF also incurs certain expenses not incurred by its applicable index. The market value of an ETN or ETF share may differ from its net asset value; the share may trade at a premium or discount to its net asset value, which may be due to, among other things, differences in the supply and demand in the market for the share and the supply and demand in the market for the underlying assets of the ETN or ETF. In addition, certain securities that are part of the index tracked by an ETN or ETF may, at times, be unavailable, which may impede the ETN’s or ETF’s ability to track its index. An ETF that uses leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid, which can affect whether its share price approximates net asset value. As a result of using leverage, an ETF is subject to the risk of failure in the futures and options markets it uses to obtain leverage and the risk that a counterparty will default on its obligations, which can result in a loss to the Fund. If the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund’s shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also will indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying ETF. Although an ETN is a debt security, it is unlike a typical bond, in that there are no periodic interest payments and principal is not protected.
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Investment Management Risk
The Fund’s portfolio is subject to investment management risk because it will be actively managed. The Investment Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results.
The decisions with respect to the management of the Fund are made exclusively by the Adviser, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees. Investors have no right or power to take part in the management of the Fund. The Adviser also is responsible for all of the trading and investment decisions of the Fund. In the event of the withdrawal or bankruptcy of the Adviser, generally the affairs of the Fund will be wound-up, and its assets will be liquidated.
Dependence on Key Personnel of the Adviser
The Fund is dependent upon the Adviser’s key personnel for its future success and upon their access to certain individuals and investments in the natural resources sector. In particular, the Fund will depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the personnel of the Adviser and its portfolio managers, who will evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor the Fund’s investments. The portfolio managers have equity interests and other financial incentives to remain with the firm. The Fund will also depend on the senior management of the Adviser, including particularly Jerry V. Swank. The departure of Mr. Swank or another of the Adviser’s senior management could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. In addition, the Fund can offer no assurance that the Adviser will remain its investment adviser, or that the Fund will continue to have access to the Adviser’s industry contacts and deal flow.
Conflicts of Interest with the Adviser
Conflicts of interest may arise because the Adviser and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial investment activities for other clients, including, but not limited to, other client accounts and funds managed or advised by the Adviser, in which the Fund will have no interest. The Adviser or its affiliates may have financial incentives to favor certain of such accounts over the Fund. Any of their proprietary accounts and other customer accounts may compete with the Fund for specific trades. The Adviser or its affiliates may buy or sell securities for the Fund which differ from securities bought or sold for other accounts and customers, even though their investment objectives and policies may be similar to the Fund’s. Situations may occur when the Fund could be disadvantaged because of the investment activities conducted by the Adviser and its affiliates for their other accounts. Such situations may be based on, among other things, legal or internal restrictions on the combined size of positions that may be taken for the Fund and the other accounts, limiting the size of the Fund’s position, or the difficulty of liquidating an investment for the Fund and the other accounts where the market cannot absorb the sale of the combined position. Notwithstanding these potential conflicts of interest, the Fund’s Board of Trustees and officers have a fiduciary obligation to act in the Fund’s best interest.
The Fund’s investment opportunities may be limited by affiliations of the Adviser or its affiliates with MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. In addition, to the extent that the Adviser sources and structures private investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, certain employees of the Adviser may become aware of actions planned by MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, such as acquisitions that may not be announced to the public. It is possible that the Fund could be precluded from investing in a company about which the Adviser has material non-public information; however, it is the Adviser’s intention to ensure that any material non-public information available to certain of the Adviser’s employees not be shared with those employees responsible for the purchase and sale of publicly traded securities.
The Adviser manages several other client accounts and funds. Some of these other client accounts and funds have investment objectives that are similar to or overlap with the Fund. Furthermore, the Adviser may at some time in the future manage additional client accounts and investment funds with the same investment objective as the Fund.
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The Adviser and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial investment activities for other clients’ accounts and funds in which the Fund will have no interest. Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of such other clients; however, from time to time, the same investment decision may be made for more than one fund or account. When two or more clients advised by the Adviser or its affiliates seek to purchase or sell the same publicly traded securities, the securities actually purchased or sold will be allocated among the clients on a good faith equitable basis by the Adviser in its discretion in accordance with the clients’ various investment objectives and procedures adopted by the Adviser and approved by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the price or size of the position the Fund may obtain.
The Fund’s investment opportunities may be limited by investment opportunities that the Adviser is evaluating for other clients’ accounts and funds. To the extent a potential investment is appropriate for the Fund and one or more of the Adviser’s other client accounts or funds, the Adviser will need to fairly allocate that investment to the Fund or another client account or fund, or both, depending on its allocation procedures and applicable law related to combined or joint transactions. There may occur an attractive limited investment opportunity suitable for the Fund in which the Fund cannot invest under the particular allocation method being used for that investment.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund and such other client accounts or funds managed or advised by the Adviser may be precluded from co-investing in certain private placements of securities. Except as permitted by law or positions of the staff of the SEC, the Adviser will not co-invest its other clients’ assets in private transactions in which the Fund invests. To the extent the Fund is precluded from co-investing, the Adviser will allocate private investment opportunities among its clients, including but not limited to the Fund and its other client accounts and funds, based on allocation policies that take into account several suitability factors, including the size of the investment opportunity, the amount each client has available for investment and the client’s investment objectives. These allocation policies may result in the allocation of investment opportunities to another client account or fund managed or advised by the Adviser rather than to the Fund.
The management fees payable to the Adviser are based on the value of the Fund’s Managed Assets, as periodically determined. A portion of the Fund’s Managed Assets may be illiquid securities acquired in private transactions for which market quotations will not be readily available. Although the Fund will adopt valuation procedures designed to determine valuations of illiquid securities in a manner that reflects their fair value, there typically is a range of possible prices that may be established for each individual security. See “—Valuation Risk.”
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, counsel to the Fund, also represents the Adviser. Such counsel does not purport to represent the separate interests of the investors and has assumed no obligation to do so. Accordingly, the investors have not had the benefit of independent counsel in the structuring of the Fund or determination of the relative interests, rights and obligations of the Adviser and the investors.
Reliance on Service Providers
The Fund relies upon service providers to perform certain functions, which may include functions that are integral to the operations and financial performance of the Fund. Fees and expenses of these service providers are borne by the Fund, and therefore indirectly by Common Shareholders. Failure by any service provider to carry out its obligations to the Fund in accordance with the terms of its appointment, to exercise due care and skill, or to perform its obligations to the Fund at all as a result of insolvency, bankruptcy or other causes could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s performance and ability to achieve its investment objective. The termination of the Fund’s relationship with any service provider, or any delay in appointing a replacement for such service provider, could materially disrupt the business of that Fund and could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s performance and ability to achieve its investment objective.
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Technology Risk
As the use of Internet technology has become more prevalent, the Fund and its service providers and markets generally have become more susceptible to potential operational risks related to intentional and unintentional events that may cause the Fund or a service provider to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity. There can be no guarantee that any risk management systems established by the Fund, its service providers, or issuers of the securities in which the Fund invests to reduce technology and cyber security risks will succeed, and the Fund cannot control such systems put in place by service providers, issuers or other third parties whose operations may affect the Fund.
Cyber Security Risk
As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund has become potentially more susceptible to operational and informational security risks resulting from breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional cyber events that may, among other things, cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption and/or destruction, lose operational capacity, result in the unauthorized release or other misuse of confidential information, or otherwise disrupt normal business operations. In addition, cyber security breaches involving the Fund’s third-party service providers (including but not limited to advisers, administrators, transfer agents, custodians, distributors and other third parties), trading counterparties or issuers in which the Fund invests in can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Like with operational risk in general, the Fund has established risk management systems and business continuity plans designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security. However, there are inherent limitations in these plans and systems, including that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. As such, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially because the Fund does not directly control the cyber security systems of issuers in which the Fund may invest, trading counterparties or third-party service providers to the Fund. There is also a risk that cyber security breaches may not be detected. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Market Discount from Net Asset Value
Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value, which is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Fund’s net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment activities. Although the value of the Fund’s net assets is generally considered by market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell Common Shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of Common Shares will depend entirely upon whether the market price of Common Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for Common Shares. Because the market price of Common Shares will be determined by factors such as net asset value, distribution and distribution levels (which are dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and demand for Common Shares, stability of distributions or distributions, trading volume of Common Shares, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether Common Shares will trade at, below or above net asset value or at, below or above the initial public offering price. Common shares of the Fund are designed primarily for long-term investors; investors in Common Shares should not view their Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Recent Market, Economic and Social Developments Risk
Periods of market volatility remain, and may continue to occur in the future, in response to various political, social and economic events both within and outside of the United States. These conditions have resulted in, and in many cases continue to result in, greater price volatility, less liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack of price transparency, with many securities remaining illiquid and of uncertain value. Such market conditions may adversely affect the Fund, including by making valuation of some of the Fund’s securities uncertain and/or result in sudden and significant valuation increases or declines in the Fund’s holdings. If there is a significant decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio, this may impact the asset coverage levels for the Fund’s outstanding leverage.
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Risks resulting from any future debt or other economic crisis could also have a detrimental impact on the global economic recovery, the financial condition of financial institutions and the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operation. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt and home prices, among other factors. To the extent uncertainty regarding the U.S. or global economy negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. Downgrades to the credit ratings of major banks could result in increased borrowing costs for such banks and negatively affect the broader economy. Moreover, Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend- and interest-paying securities. Market volatility, rising interest rates and/or unfavorable economic conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Risks associated with rising interest rates are more pronounced in the current market environment with certain rates at historic lows and recent inflationary price movements.
As of the date hereof, there is an outbreak of a highly contagious form of a novel coronavirus known as “COVID-19.” COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and, in response to the outbreak, the U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary declared a public health emergency in the United States. COVID-19 had a devastating impact on the global economy, including the U.S. economy, and resulted in a global economic recession. Many states issued orders requiring the closure of non-essential businesses and/or requiring residents to stay at home. The COVID-19 pandemic and preventative measures taken to contain or mitigate its spread have caused, and are continuing to cause, business shutdowns, cancellations of events and travel, significant reductions in demand for certain goods and services, reductions in business activity and financial transactions, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability both globally and in the United States. Such effects will likely continue for the duration of the pandemic, which is uncertain, and for some period thereafter. While several countries, as well as certain states, counties and cities in the United States, began to relax the early public health restrictions with a view to partially or fully reopening their economies, many cities, both globally and in the United States, have experienced surges in the reported number of cases and hospitalizations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These increases in cases have led to the re-introduction of restrictions and business shutdowns in certain states, counties and cities in the United States and globally and could continue to lead to the re-introduction of such restrictions elsewhere. Additionally, vaccines produced by Moderna and Johnson & Johnson are currently authorized for emergency use, and in August 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) granted full approval to the vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech, which will now be marketed as Comirnaty. However, it remains unclear how quickly the vaccines will be distributed nationwide and globally or when “herd immunity” will be achieved and the restrictions that were imposed to slow the spread of the virus will be lifted entirely. The delay in distributing the vaccines could lead people to continue to self-isolate and not participate in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy and most other major global economies may continue to experience a substantial economic downturn or recession, and our business and operations, as well as the business and operations of our portfolio companies, could be materially adversely affected by a prolonged economic downtown or recession in the United States and other major markets. Potential consequences of the current unprecedented measures taken in response to the spread of COVID-19, and current market disruptions and volatility that may impact the Fund include, but are not limited to:
| ● | sudden, unexpected and/or severe declines in the market price of the Fund’s common shares or net asset value; |
| ● | inability of the Fund to accurately or reliably value its portfolio; |
| ● | inability of the Fund to comply with certain asset coverage ratios that would prevent the Fund from paying dividends to the Fund’s common shareholders; |
| ● | inability of the Fund to pay any dividends and distributions; |
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| ● | inability of the Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Code; |
| ● | potentially severe, sudden and unexpected declines in the value of our investments; |
| ● | increased risk of default or bankruptcy by the companies in which the Fund invests; |
| ● | increased risk of companies in which the Fund invests being unable to weather an extended cessation of normal economic activity and thereby impairing their ability to continue functioning as a going concern; |
| ● | reduced economic demand resulting from mass employee layoffs or furloughs in response to governmental action taken to slow the spread of COVID-19, which could impact the continued viability of the companies in which we invest; |
| ● | companies in which the Fund invests being disproportionally impacted by governmental action aimed at slowing the spread of COVID-19 or mitigating its economic effects; |
| ● | limited availability of new investment opportunities; and |
| ● | general threats to the Fund’s ability to continue investment operations and to operate successfully as a non-diversified, closed-end investment company. |
Despite actions of the U.S. federal government and foreign governments, the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors has contributed to significant volatility and declines in the global public equity markets and global debt capital markets, including the net asset value of the Fund’s shares. These events could have, and/or have had, a significant impact on the Fund’s performance, net asset value, income, operating results and ability to pay distributions, as well as the performance, income, operating results and viability of issuers in which it invests.
It is virtually impossible to determine the ultimate impact of COVID-19 at this time. Further, the extent and strength of any economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic abates, including following any “second wave,” “third wave” or other intensifying of the pandemic, is uncertain and subject to various factors and conditions. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund is subject to an elevated degree of risk as compared to other market environments.
Legislation and Regulatory Risks
At any time after the date of this Prospectus Supplement, legislation may be enacted that could negatively affect the companies in which the Fund invests. Changing approaches to regulation may also have a negative impact companies in which the Fund invests. In addition, legislation or regulation may change the way in which the Fund is regulated. There can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund or will not impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which was signed into law in July 2010, has resulted in significant revisions to the U.S. financial regulatory framework. The Dodd-Frank Act covers a broad range of topics, including, among many others: a reorganization of federal financial regulators; the creation of a process designed to ensure financial system stability and the resolution of potentially insolvent financial firms; the enactment of new rules for derivatives trading; the creation of a consumer financial protection watchdog; the registration and regulation of managers of private funds; the regulation of rating agencies; and the enactment of new federal requirements for residential mortgage loans. The regulation of various types of derivative instruments pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act may adversely affect the Fund or its counterparties.
In late October 2020, the SEC promulgated Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, which is related to the use of derivatives and certain other transactions by registered investment companies that, in part, rescinds the SEC’s asset segregation and coverage rules and guidance. To comply with Rule 18f-4, funds will need to trade derivatives and other transactions that potentially create senior securities subject to a value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limit,
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certain other testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements will apply unless a fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the SEC’s rulemaking release. Rule 18f-4 will also permit funds to elect to treat reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as derivatives transactions under the rule, applying a consistent set of requirements to such transactions. The compliance date for Rule 18f-4 is August 19, 2022.
On January 20, 2021, Mr. Joseph R. Biden was inaugurated as President of the United States. President Biden has called for significant policy changes and the reversal of several of the prior presidential administration’s policies, including significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels. Certain of these changes can, and have, been effectuated through executive order. For example, the current administration has taken steps to address the COVID-19 pandemic, rejoin the Paris climate accord of 2015, cancel the Keystone XL pipeline and change immigration enforcement priorities. Recent events have created a climate of heightened uncertainty and introduced new and difficult-to-quantify macroeconomic and political risks with potentially far-reaching implications. There has been a corresponding meaningful increase in the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, trade volumes and fiscal and monetary policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the current presidential administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas.
Although the Fund cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to the Fund’s business, they could adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Until the Fund knows what policy changes are made and how those changes impact the Fund’s business and the business of the Fund’s competitors over the long term, the Fund will not know if, overall, the Fund will benefit from them or be negatively affected by them. The Adviser intends to monitor developments and seeks to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objectives, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so.
LIBOR Risk
In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. LIBOR can no longer be used to calculate new deals as of December 31, 2021. Since December 31, 2021, all sterling, euro, Swiss franc and Japanese yen LIBOR settings and the 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings have ceased to be published or are no longer be representative, and after June 30, 2023, the overnight, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be published or will no longer be representative. Various financial industry groups have begun planning for the transition away from LIBOR, but there are challenges to converting certain securities and transactions to a new reference rate (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is intended to replace the U.S. dollar LIBOR). Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known.
At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates will become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, although the U.S. Federal Reserve, in connection with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with SOFR. Given the inherent differences between LIBOR and SOFR, or any other alternative benchmark rate that may be established, there are many uncertainties regarding a transition from LIBOR, including but not limited to the need to amend all contracts with LIBOR as the referenced rate and how this will impact the cost of variable rate debt and certain derivative financial instruments. In addition, SOFR or other replacement rates may fail to gain market acceptance. Any failure of SOFR or alternative reference rates to gain market acceptance could adversely affect the return on, value of and market for securities linked to such rates.
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Terrorism, Market Disruption, and Catastrophe Risk
Terrorist attacks, catastrophes, pandemics and other geopolitical events have led to, and may in the future lead to, increased short-term market volatility and may have long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets. Global political and economic instability could affect the operations of companies in which the Fund invests in unpredictable ways, including through disruptions of natural resources supplies and markets and the resulting volatility in commodity prices. The operation of infrastructure assets in which the Fund invests is subject to many hazards including damage to equipment and surrounding properties caused by hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires and other natural disasters or by acts of terrorism; inadvertent damage from construction or other equipment; leaks; and fires and explosions. The U.S. government has issued warnings that infrastructure assets may be future targets of terrorist activities. In addition, changes in the insurance markets have made certain types of insurance more difficult, if not impossible, to obtain and have generally resulted in increased premium costs.
Not a Complete Investment Program
The Fund is intended for investors seeking a high level of total return with an emphasis on current income. The Fund is not meant to provide a vehicle for those who wish to exploit short-term swings in the stock market and is intended for long-term investors. An investment in shares of the Fund should not be considered a complete investment program. Each shareholder should take into account their Fund’s investment objective as well as the shareholder’s other investments when considering an investment in the Fund.
Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk
The Fund’s declaration of trust and by-laws include provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board of Trustees. For example, the Fund’s declaration of trust limits the ability of persons to beneficially own (within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code) more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Shares of the Fund. This restriction is intended to reduce the risk of the Fund undergoing an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, which would limit the Fund’s ability to use a capital loss carryforward and certain unrealized losses (if such tax attributes exist). In general, an ownership change occurs if 5% shareholders (and certain persons or groups treated as 5% shareholders) of the Fund increase their ownership percentage in the Fund by more than 50 percentage points in the aggregate within any three-year period ending on certain defined testing dates. If an ownership change were to occur, Section 382 would impose an annual limitation on the amount of post-ownership change gains that the Fund may offset with pre-ownership change losses and might impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to use certain unrealized losses existing at the time of the ownership change. Such a limitation arising under Section 382 could reduce the benefit of the Fund’s then-existing capital loss carryforward or unrealized losses, if any. These ownership restrictions could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over the Fund. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund. In addition, these ownership restrictions may reduce market demand for the Fund’s Common Shares, which could have the effect of increasing the likelihood that the Fund’s Common Shares trade at a discount to net asset value and increasing the amount of any such discount.
Trustee and Executive Officer Compensation
The Fund does not currently compensate any of its trustees who are interested persons nor any of its officers. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021, the aggregate compensation paid by the Fund to the independent trustees was $85,228. The Fund did not pay any special compensation to any of its trustees or officers. The Fund continuously monitors standard industry practices, and this policy is subject to change.
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains “forward-looking statements” as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws. Generally, the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “will” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to materially differ from the Fund’s historical experience and its present expectations or projections indicated in any forward-looking statements. These risks include, but are not limited to, changes in economic and political conditions; regulatory and legal changes; MLP industry risk; leverage risk; valuation risk; interest rate risk; tax risk; and other risks discussed in the Fund’s filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. The Fund undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein. There is no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be attained.
Proxy Voting Policies
A description of the policies and procedures that the Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities owned by the Fund and information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to the portfolio of securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 are available to stockholders without charge, upon request by calling the Fund toll-free at (800) 236-4424 and on the Fund’s website at www.cushingcef.com. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to the portfolio of securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 are also available to stockholders without charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Form N-PORT
The Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings for each month of each fiscal year with the SEC on Form N-PORT. The Fund’s Form N-PORT for the third month of each Fund’s fiscal quarter and statement of additional information are available without charge by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, you may review and copy the Fund’s Form N-PORT at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington D.C. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling (800) SEC-0330.
Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021 was 114.06%. Portfolio turnover may vary greatly from period to period. The Fund does not consider portfolio turnover rate a limiting factor in the Adviser’s execution of investment decisions, and the Fund may utilize investment and trading strategies that may involve high portfolio turnover. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Certifications
The Fund’s Chief Executive Officer has submitted to the New York Stock Exchange the annual CEO certification as required by Section 303A.12(a) of the NYSE Listed Fund Manual.
The Fund has filed with the SEC the certification of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Distribution and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
How the Plan Works
Unless the registered owner of common shares elects to receive cash by contacting the Plan Agent, all dividends and distributions (collectively referred to in this section as “dividends”) declared for your common shares of the Fund will be automatically reinvested by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, d/b/a U.S. Bancorp Global Fund Services (the “Plan Agent”), agent for stockholders in administering the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”), in additional common shares of the Fund. The Plan Agent will open an account for each common stockholder under the Plan in the same name in which such common stockholder’s common shares are registered. Whenever the Fund declares a dividend payable in cash, non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and participants in the Plan will receive the equivalent in common shares. The common shares will be acquired
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by the Plan Agent for the participants’ accounts, depending upon the circumstances described below, either (i) through receipt of additional unissued but authorized common shares from the Fund (“newly-issued common shares”) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding common shares on the open market (“open-market purchases”) on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere.
If, on the payment date for any dividend, the market price per common share plus per share fees (which include any brokerage commissions the Plan Agent is required to pay) is greater than the net asset value per common share, the Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in newly issued common shares, including fractions, on behalf of the participants. The number of newly issued common shares to be credited to each participant’s account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the dividend by the net asset value per common share on the payment date; provided that, if the net asset value per common share is less than 95% of the market price per common share on the payment date, the dollar amount of the dividend will be divided by 95% of the market price per common share on the payment date. If, on the payment date for any dividend, the net asset value per common share is greater than the market value per common share plus per share fees, the Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in common shares acquired on behalf of the participants in open-market purchases.
Participation in the Plan
If a registered owner of common shares elects not to participate in the Plan, you will receive all dividends in cash paid by check mailed directly to you (or, if the shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee) by the Plan Agent, as dividend disbursing agent. You may elect not to participate in the Plan and to receive all dividends in cash by sending written or telephonic instructions to the Plan Agent, as dividend paying agent, or by contacting the Plan Agent via their website at the address set out below. Participation in the Plan is completely voluntary and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by contacting the Plan Agent before the dividend record date; otherwise, such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution.
Plan Fees
There will be no per share fees with respect to common shares issued directly by the Fund. However, each participant will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection with open-market purchases. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants.
Tax Implications
The automatic reinvestment of dividends will not relieve participants of any federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividends. Accordingly, any taxable dividend received by a participant that is reinvested in additional common shares will be subject to federal (and possibly state and local) income tax even though such participant will not receive a corresponding amount of cash with which to pay such taxes.
Contact Information
For more information about the plan, you may contact the Plan Agent in writing at PO Box 708, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, or by calling the Plan Agent at 1-800-662-7232.
Privacy Policy
In order to conduct its business, the Fund collects and maintains certain nonpublic personal information about its stockholders of record with respect to their transactions in shares of the Fund’s securities. This information includes the stockholder’s address, tax identification or Social Security number, share balances, and dividend elections. We do not collect or maintain personal information about stockholders whose share balances of our securities are held in “street name” by a financial institution such as a bank or broker.
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We do not disclose any nonpublic personal information about you, the Fund’s other stockholders or the Fund’s former stockholders to third parties unless necessary to process a transaction, service an account, or as otherwise permitted by law.
To protect your personal information internally, we restrict access to nonpublic personal information about the Fund’s stockholders to those employees who need to know that information to provide services to our stockholders. We also maintain certain other safeguards to protect your nonpublic personal information.
Other Information for Stockholders
Notice is hereby given in accordance with Section 23(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that the Fund from time to time may purchase its common shares of beneficial interest in the open market.
This report is sent to stockholders of The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund for their information. It is not a prospectus, circular or representation intended for use in the purchase or sale of shares of the Fund or of any securities mentioned in this report.
The Fund does not make available copies of its Statement of Additional Information because the Fund’s shares are not continuously offered, which means that the Statement of Additional Information has not been updated after completion of the Fund’s prior offerings and the information contained in such Statement of Additional Information may have become outdated.
The Fund makes available performance and certain other on its website at www.cushingcef.com. Investors and others are advised to periodically check the website for updated performance information and the release of other material information about the Fund. This reference to the Fund’s website is intended to allow investors public access to information regarding the Fund and does not, and is not intended to, incorporate the Fund’s website in this report.
New Trustee
Effective as of November 18, 2021, Andrea N. Mullins was appointed as a Trustee of the Fund.
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund |
TRUSTEES Brian R. Bruce Andrea N. Mullins Ronald P. Trout Jerry V. Swank |
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS John H. Alban Chief Executive Officer and President Blake R. Nelson Chief Financial Officer Mathew J. Calabro Chief Compliance Officer |
INVESTMENT ADVISER Cushing® Asset Management, LP 300 Crescent Court, Suite 1700 Dallas, TX 75201 |
ADMINISTRATOR U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, d/b/a U.S. Bancorp Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor Milwaukee, WI 53202 |
CUSTODIAN U.S. Bank, N.A. 1555 N. River Center Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212 |
TRANSFER AGENT U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, d/b/a U.S. Bancorp Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor Milwaukee, WI 53202 |
LEGAL COUNSEL Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP 155 North Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 |
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Ernst & Young LLP 2323 Victory Avenue, Suite 2000 Dallas, TX 75219 |
NOT FDIC INSURED | NOT BANK GUARANTEED | MAY LOSE VALUE
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The Cushing® MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund |
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| Investment Adviser Cushing® Asset Management, LP 300 Crescent Court Suite 1700 Dallas, TX 75201 (214) 692-6334 (888) 777-2346 www.cushingcef.com www.cushingasset.com |
Item 2. Code of Ethics.
The registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The registrant has not granted any waivers from any provisions of the code of ethics during the period covered by this report.
The registrant undertakes to provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of its code of ethics by mail when they call the registrant at 1-888-777-2346.
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The registrant’s Board of Trustees has determined that there is at least one audit committee financial expert serving on its audit committee. Ms. Andrea N. Mullins is the “audit committee financial expert” and is considered to be “independent” as each term is defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The registrant has engaged its principal accountant to perform audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services during the past two fiscal years. “Audit services” refer to performing an audit of the registrant's annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years. “Audit-related services” refer to the assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit. “Tax services” refer to professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. There were no “other services” provided by the principal accountant. The following table details the aggregate fees billed or expected to be billed for each of the last two fiscal years for audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and other fees by the principal accountant.
| FYE 11/30/2021 | FYE 11/30/2020 |
Audit Fees | 66,500 | 66,500 |
Audit-Related Fees | None | 32,000 |
Tax Fees | 19,500 | 19,500 |
All Other Fees | None | None |
The audit committee has adopted pre-approval policies and procedures that require the audit committee to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services of the registrant, including services provided to any entity affiliated with the registrant.
The percentages of fees billed by Ernst & Young LLP applicable to non-audit services pursuant to waiver of pre-approval requirement were as follows:
| FYE 11/30/2021 | FYE 11/30/2020 |
Audit-Related Fees | 0% | 0% |
Tax Fees | 0% | 0% |
All Other Fees | 0% | 0% |
All of the principal accountant’s hours spent on auditing the registrant’s financial statements were attributed to work performed by full-time permanent employees of the principal accountant. (If more than 50 percent of the accountant’s hours were spent to audit the registrant's financial statements for the most recent fiscal year, state how many hours were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant's full-time, permanent employees.)
The following table indicates the non-audit fees billed or expected to be billed by the registrant’s accountant for services to the registrant and to the registrant’s investment adviser (and any other controlling entity, etc.—not sub-adviser) for the last two years. The audit committee of the board of trustees/directors has considered whether the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to the registrant's investment adviser is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant's independence and has concluded that the provision of such non-audit services by the accountant has not compromised the accountant’s independence.
Non-Audit Related Fees | FYE 11/30/2021 | FYE 11/30/2020 |
Registrant | None | 19,500 |
Registrant’s Investment Adviser | None | None |
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
The registrant is an issuer as defined in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, (the “Act”) and has a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Act. The independent members of the committee are as follows: Andrea N. Mullins, Brian R. Bruce and Ron P. Trout.
Item 6. Investments.
| (a) | Schedule of Investments is included as part of the report to shareholders filed under Item 1 of this Form. |
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Cushing Asset Management, LP (the “Investment Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser and general partner, respectively, of certain investment vehicles (the “Affiliate Funds” and, together with the registrant, each a “Client” and collectively, the “Clients”). Through these relationships the Investment Adviser is delegated the right to vote, on behalf of the Clients, proxies received from companies, the securities of which are owned by the Clients.
Purpose
The Investment Adviser follows this proxy voting policy (the “Policy”) to ensure that proxies the Investment Adviser votes on behalf of each Client are voted to further the best interest of that Client. The Policy establishes a mechanism to address any conflicts of interests between the Investment Adviser and the Client. Further, the Policy establishes how Clients may obtain information on how the proxies have been voted.
Determination of Vote
The Investment Adviser determines how to vote after studying the proxy materials and any other materials that may be necessary or beneficial to voting. The Investment Adviser votes in a manner that the Investment Adviser believes reasonably furthers the best interests of the Client and is consistent with the investment philosophy as set out in the relevant investment management documents.
The major proxy-related issues generally fall within six categories: corporate governance, takeover defenses, compensation plans, capital structure, social responsibility and environmental protection. The Investment Manager will cast votes for these matters on a case-by-case basis. The Investment Manager will generally vote in favor of matters which follow an agreeable corporate strategic direction, support an ownership structure that enhances shareholder value without diluting management’s accountability to shareholders and/or present compensation plans that are commensurate with enhanced management performance and market practices. In evaluating environmental and social responsibility proxy questions, the Investment Manager will consider current and expected industry practices, with a bias towards enhancing the long-term value of the investment.
Resolution of any Conflicts of Interest
If a proxy vote creates a material conflict between the interests of the Investment Adviser and a Client, the Investment Adviser will resolve the conflict before voting the proxies. The Investment Adviser will either disclose the conflict to the Client and obtain a consent or take other steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote the proxy was based on the Investment Adviser’s determination of the Client’s best interest.
Records
The Investment Adviser maintains records of (i) all proxy statements and materials the Investment Adviser receives on behalf of Clients; (ii) all proxy votes that are made on behalf of the Clients; (iii) all documents that were material to a proxy vote; (iv) all written requests from Clients regarding voting history; and (v) all responses (written and oral) to Clients’ requests. Such records are available to the Clients (and owners of a Client that is an investment vehicle) upon request.
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Jerry V. Swank and John Musgrave (the “portfolio managers”) are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the registrant’s portfolio. Mr. Swank has served as a portfolio manager of the registrant since inception and Mr. Musgrave has served as a portfolio manager of the registrant since 2020.
(a)(1) The following table provides biographical information about the registrant’s portfolio manager as of the date of this filing:
Name | Positions(s) Held With Registrant and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years |
Jerry V. Swank | Trustee, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President since 2007. | Founder, Chairman and Co-Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Adviser since 2003. |
John Musgrave | None. | Co-Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Adviser since 2016, Portfolio Manager of the Investment Adviser since 2007. |
(a)(2) The following table provides information about the other accounts managed on a day-to-day basis by the portfolio managers as of November 30, 2021:
Name of Portfolio Manager | Number of Accounts | Total Assets of Accounts | Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee | Total Assets of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee |
Jerry V. Swank | | | | |
Registered investment companies | 4 | $811,991,694 | 0 | $0 |
Other pooled investment vehicles | 2 | $33,933,466 | 2 | $33,933,466 |
Other accounts | 10 | $60,802,489 | 0 | $0 |
John Musgrave | | | | |
Registered investment companies | 1 | $616,096,299 | 0 | $0 |
Other pooled investment vehicles | 1 | $33,933,466 | 1 | $33,933,466 |
Other accounts | 3 | $31,630,433 | 0 | $0 |
(iv) Conflicts of Interest with the Investment Adviser
Conflicts of interest may arise because the Investment Adviser and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial investment activities for other Clients, including, but not limited to, other investment vehicles for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser or general partner of such vehicles (the “Affiliated Funds”), in which the registrant will have no interest. The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may have financial incentives to favor certain of such accounts over the registrant. Any of the proprietary accounts of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates and other customer accounts may compete with the registrant for specific trades. The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may buy or sell securities for the registrant which differ from securities bought or sold for other accounts and customers, even though the investment objectives and policies of the other accounts may be similar to the registrant’s. Situations may occur where the registrant could be disadvantaged as a result of the investment activities conducted by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates for other accounts resulting in, among other things, legal or internal restrictions on the combined size of positions that may be taken for the registrant and the other accounts, limits on the size of the registrant’s position, or difficulty in liquidating an investment for the registrant and the other accounts where the market cannot absorb the sale of the combined position. Notwithstanding these potential conflicts of interest, the Investment Adviser, the registrant’s Board of Trustees and its officers have a fiduciary obligation to act in the registrant’s best interest.
The registrant’s investment opportunities may be limited by potential affiliations of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates with MLPs and other natural resource companies. Additionally, to the extent that the Investment Adviser sources and structures private investments in MLPs and other natural resource companies, certain employees of the Investment Adviser may become aware of actions planned by MLPs and other natural resource companies, such as acquisitions, that may not be announced to the public. It is possible that the registrant could be precluded from investing in an MLP or other natural resource company as a result of such an occurrence.
The Investment Adviser manages several Affiliated Funds. Some of these Affiliated Funds have investment objectives that are similar to or overlap with the registrant’s investment objectives. Further, the Investment Adviser may at some time in the future manage other investment funds with the same or similar investment objective as the registrant.
Investment decisions for the registrant are made independently from those of other Clients; however, from time to time, the same investment decision may be made for more than one fund or account.
When two or more Clients advised by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates seek to purchase or sell the same publicly traded securities, the securities actually purchased or sold will be allocated among the Clients on a good faith equitable basis by the Investment Adviser in its discretion in accordance with the Clients’ various investment objectives and procedures adopted by the Investment Adviser and approved by the registrant’s Board of Trustees. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the price or size of the position obtained by the registrant.
The registrant’s investment opportunities may be limited by the availability of investment opportunities in the MLPs and other natural resource companies that the Investment Adviser evaluates for the Affiliated Funds. To the extent a potential investment is appropriate for the registrant and one or more of the Affiliated Funds, the Investment Adviser will fairly allocate that investment to the registrant or an Affiliated Fund, or both, depending on its allocation procedures and applicable law related to combined or joint transactions. Under such circumstances, there may be an attractive limited investment opportunity otherwise suitable for the registrant in which the registrant cannot invest because of the particular allocation method being used for that investment.
Under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), the registrant and its Affiliated Funds may be precluded from co-investing in private placements of securities. Except as permitted by law or positions of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Investment Adviser will not co-invest its other Clients’ assets in private transactions in which the registrant invests. To the extent the registrant is precluded from co-investing in such transactions, the Investment Adviser will allocate private investment opportunities among its Clients, including but not limited to the registrant and the Affiliated Funds, based on allocation policies that take into account several suitability factors, including the size of the investment opportunity, the amount each Client has available for investment and the Client’s investment objectives. These allocation policies may result in the allocation of investment opportunities to an Affiliated Fund rather than to the registrant.
(a)(3) As of November 30, 2021:
Compensation
Messrs. Swank and Musgrave are compensated by the Investment Adviser. Mr. Swank is a principal of the Investment Adviser and is compensated through partnership distributions that are based primarily on the profits and losses of the Investment Adviser. Mr. Musgrave receives a base salary and is eligible to receive incentive compensation based on the profits of the Investment Adviser. The partnership distributions and incentive compensation are affected by the amount of assets the Investment Adviser manages and the appreciation of those assets, particularly over the long-term, but are not determined with specific reference to any particular performance benchmark or time period. Some of the other accounts managed by Messrs. Swank and Musgrave, including the Affiliated Funds, have investment strategies that are similar to the registrant’s investment strategy. However, the Investment Adviser manages potential material conflicts of interest by allocating investment opportunities in accordance with its allocation policies and procedures.
(a)(4) As of November 30, 2021:
Securities Beneficially Owned in the Registrant by Portfolio Managers
The following table provides information about the dollar range of equity securities in the registrant beneficially owned by the portfolio manager:
Portfolio Manager | Aggregate Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership in the Registrant |
Jerry V. Swank | $100,001 – 500,000(1) |
John Musgrave | $0-$100,000 |
| (1) | Includes securities owned by the Investment Adviser. By virtue of his control of the Investment Adviser, Mr. Swank may be deemed to beneficially own the securities held by the Investment Adviser. |
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
Period | (a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased | (b) Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) | (c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | (d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
Month #1 06/01/2021-06/30/2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Month #2 07/01/2021-07/31/2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Month #3 08/01/2021-08/31/2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Month #4 09/01/2021-09/30/2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Month #5 10/01/2021-10/31/2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Month #6 11/01/2021-11/30/2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
Not Applicable.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
| (a) | The registrant’s President/Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have reviewed the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”)) as of a date within 90 days of the filing of this report, as required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the Act and Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on their review, such officers have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in this report is appropriately recorded, processed, summarized and reported and made known to them by others within the registrant and by the registrant’s service provider. |
| (b) | There were no changes in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Act) that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. |
Item 12. Disclosure of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
| (a) | Not Applicable. Fund does not participate in securities lending. |
| (b) | Not Applicable. Fund does not participate in securities lending. |
Item 13. Exhibits.
(2) A separate certification for each principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
(3) Any written solicitation to purchase securities under Rule 23c-1 under the Act sent or given during the period covered by the report by or on behalf of the registrant to 10 or more persons. None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| (Registrant) | The Cushing MLP & Infrastructure Total Return Fund | |
| | | |
| By (Signature and Title)* | /s/ John H. Alban | |
| | John H. Alban, President & Chief Executive Officer | |
| | | |
| Date | 2/8/22 | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| By (Signature and Title)* | /s/ John H. Alban | |
| | John H. Alban, President & Chief Executive Officer | |
| | | |
| Date | 2/8/22 | |
| | | |
| By (Signature and Title)* | /s/ Blake R. Nelson | |
| | Blake R. Nelson, Chief Financial Officer | |
| | | |
| Date | 2/8/22 | |