EXHIBIT 99.1
VISA EUROPE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the six months ended 31 March 2016
(unaudited)
Contents
| | |
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities | | 2 |
| |
Condensed consolidated income statement (unaudited) | | 3 |
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Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (unaudited) | | 4 |
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Condensed consolidated statement of financial position (unaudited) | | 5 |
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Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity (unaudited) | | 6 |
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Condensed consolidated statement of cash flows (unaudited) | | 8 |
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Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) | | 9 |
1
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the condensed consolidated financial statements
We confirm to the best of our knowledge the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34 – Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
On behalf of the board
/s/ Jose Souto Gonzalez
Jose Souto Gonzalez
Chief Financial Officer
22 May 2017
2
Condensed consolidated income statement (unaudited)
For the six months ended 31 March
| | | | | | |
| | Note | | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 |
Revenue | | 5 | | 759,740 | | 718,681 |
| | | |
Other operating income | | | | 1,686 | | 1,078 |
| | | |
Administrative expense | | | | | | |
| | | |
Transaction bonus | | 6 | | (47,314) | | – |
| | | |
Pension Scheme Amendment | | 6 | | – | | 41,336 |
| | | |
Other | | 6 | | (468,233) | | (401,468) |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | | (515,547) | | (360,132) |
| | | |
Other expenses | | | | | | |
| | | |
Impairment of property, plant and equipment | | 7 | | (6,232) | | (63) |
| | | |
Impairment of investment | | 11 | | – | | (23,326) |
| | | |
Other | | 7 | | (11,079) | | (23,232) |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | | (17,311) | | (46,621) |
| | | |
Other income | | 7 | | 51,054 | | 24,800 |
|
|
Operating profit | | | | 279,622 | | 337,806 |
| | | |
Finance income | | | | 257 | | 565 |
| | | |
Dividend income | | | | 570 | | 446 |
| | | |
Finance costs | | | | (233) | | (216) |
|
|
Profit before tax | | | | 280,216 | | 338,601 |
| | | |
Income tax expense | | 8 | | (100,924) | | (139,967) |
|
|
Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the parent | | | | 179,292 | | 198,634 |
|
|
The notes on pages 9 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
3
Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (unaudited)
For the six months ended 31 March
| | | | | | |
| | Note | | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 |
Profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent | | | | 179,292 | | 198,634 |
| | | |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | |
| | | |
Items that will not be reclassified to income statement: | | | | | | |
| | | |
Remeasurement losses on defined benefit pension schemes | | | | (7,791) | | (34,814) |
| | | |
Income tax relating to items that will not be reclassified | | | | 2,727 | | 12,185 |
|
|
| | | |
| | | | (5,064) | | (22,629) |
| | | |
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to income statement | | | | | | |
| | | |
Available-for-sale financial assets: | | | | | | |
| | | |
Gains on revaluation | | | | 12,221 | | 39,783 |
| | | |
Cash flow hedges: | | | | | | |
| | | |
Net (loss)/ gains taken to other comprehensive income | | | | (43,587) | | 130,163 |
| | | |
Net gains transferred from other comprehensive income to income statement | | | | (35,898) | | (24,800) |
| | | |
Gain realised on defined benefit pension scheme settlement | | | | – | | 491 |
| | | |
Income tax relating to items that may be reclassified | | | | 23,543 | | (82,804) |
|
|
| | | |
| | | | (43,721) | | 62,833 |
| | | |
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax | | | | (48,785) | | 40,204 |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | |
Total comprehensive income for the period | | | | 130,507 | | 238,838 |
|
|
The notes on pages 9 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
4
Condensed consolidated statement of financial position (unaudited)
As at
| | | | | | |
| | Note | | 31 March 2016 €’000 | | 30 September 2015 €’000 |
Non-current assets | | | | | | |
| | | |
Property, plant and equipment | | 9 | | 233,412 | | 269,468 |
| | | |
Goodwill and intangibles | | 10 | | 98,123 | | 75,740 |
| | | |
Investment in associate | | | | – | | – |
| | | |
Financial assets | | 11 | | 11,783 | | 44,908 |
|
|
| | | | 343,318 | | 390,116 |
| | | |
Current assets | | | | | | |
| | | |
Trade and other receivables | | | | 1,425,041 | | 1,402,402 |
| | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | 2,314,089 | | 2,114,594 |
| | | |
Financial assets | | 11 | | 200,561 | | 204,537 |
|
|
| | | | 3,939,691 | | 3,721,533 |
| | | |
Current liabilities | | | | | | |
| | | |
Trade and other payables | | | | 2,165,871 | | 2,130,288 |
| | | |
Current tax liabilities | | | | 68,282 | | 81,958 |
| | | |
Financial liabilities | | 12 | | 33,532 | | 3,233 |
| | | |
Redeemable share capital | | | | 30 | | 30 |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | | 2,267,715 | | 2,215,509 |
|
|
Net current assets | | | | 1,671,976 | | 1,506,024 |
| | | |
Non-current liabilities | | | | | | |
| | | |
Other liabilities | | | | 600 | | 611 |
| | | |
Deferred tax liability | | | | 30,176 | | 50,419 |
| | | |
Retirement benefit obligation | | 13 | | 54,438 | | 50,352 |
| | | |
Provisions | | 14 | | 136,682 | | 138,026 |
| | | |
Financial liabilities | | 12 | | 10,186 | | 4,027 |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | | 232,082 | | 243,435 |
|
|
Net assets | | | | 1,783,212 | | 1,652,705 |
|
|
| | | |
Equity | | | | | | |
| | | |
Share capital | | | | 1 | | 1 |
| | | |
Other reserves | | | | 102,903 | | 146,624 |
| | | |
Retained earnings | | | | 1,680,308 | | 1,506,080 |
|
|
Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent | | | | 1,783,212 | | 1,652,705 |
|
|
The notes on pages 9 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
5
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity (unaudited)
For the six months ended 31 March 2016
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Attributable to equity holders of the parent |
| | Share Capital €’000 | | Merger reserve €’000 | | Available- for- sale reserve €’000 | | Cash flow hedging reserve €’000 | | Retained earnings €’000 | | Total €’000 |
Balance as at 1 October 2015 | | 1 | | 2,000 | | 75,120 | | 69,504 | | 1,506,080 | | 1,652,705 |
| | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income for the period | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the parent | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 179,292 | | 179,292 |
| | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Items that will not be reclassified to income statement | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Remeasurement losses on defined benefit pension schemes | | – | | – | | – | | – | | (7,791) | | (7,791) |
| | | | | | |
Income tax relating to items that will not be reclassified | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 2,727 | | 2,727 |
|
|
| | – | | – | | – | | – | | (5,064) | | (5,064) |
| | | | | | |
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to income statement | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Available-for-sale investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Gains on revaluation | | – | | – | | 12,221 | | – | | – | | 12,221 |
| | | | | | |
Cash flow hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Net (loss) taken to other comprehensive income | | – | | – | | – | | (43,587) | | – | | (43,587) |
| | | | | | |
Net gains transferred from other comprehensive income to income statement | | – | | – | | – | | (35,898) | | – | | (35,898) |
| | | | | | |
Income tax relating to items that may be reclassified | | – | | – | | (4,277) | | 27,820 | | – | | 23,543 |
|
|
| | – | | – | | 7,944 | | (51,665) | | – | | (43,721) |
|
|
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax | | – | | – | | 7,944 | | (51,665) | | (5,064) | | (48,785) |
|
|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total comprehensive income for the period | | – | | – | | 7,944 | | (51,665) | | 174,228 | | 130,507 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
Balance as at 31 March 2016 | | 1 | | 2,000 | | 83,064 | | 17,839 | | 1,680,308 | | 1,783,212 |
|
|
The notes on pages 9 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
6
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity (unaudited)continued
For the six months ended 31 March 2015
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Attributable to equity holders of the parent |
| | Share Capital €’000 | | Merger reserve €’000 | | Available- for- sale reserve €’000 | | Cash flow hedging reserve €’000 | | Retained earnings €’000 | | Total €’000 |
Balance as at 1 October 2014 | | 1 | | 2,000 | | 78,480 | | 39,128 | | 1,245,038 | | 1,364,647 |
| | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income for the period | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the parent | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 198,634 | | 198,634 |
| | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Items that will not be reclassified to income statement | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Remeasurement losses on defined benefit pension schemes | | – | | – | | – | | – | | (34,814) | | (34,814) |
| | | | | | |
Income tax relating to items that will not be reclassified | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 12,185 | | 12,185 |
|
|
| | – | | – | | – | | – | | (22,629) | | (22,629) |
| | | | | | |
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to income statement | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Available-for-sale investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Gains on revaluation | | – | | – | | 39,783 | | – | | – | | 39,783 |
| | | | | | |
Cash flow hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Net gains taken to other comprehensive income | | – | | – | | – | | 130,163 | | – | | 130,163 |
| | | | | | |
Net gains transferred from other comprehensive income to income statement | | – | | – | | – | | (24,800) | | – | | (24,800) |
| | | | | | |
Settlement gain realised on defined benefit pension plan | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 491 | | 491 |
| | | | | | |
Income tax relating to items that may be reclassified | | – | | – | | (45,755) | | (36,877) | | (172) | | (82,804) |
|
|
| | – | | – | | (5,972) | | 68,486 | | 319 | | 62,833 |
|
|
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax | | – | | – | | (5,972) | | 68,486 | | (22,310) | | 40,204 |
|
|
Total comprehensive income for the period | | – | | – | | (5,972) | | 68,486 | | 176,324 | | 238,838 |
|
|
| | | | | | |
Balance as at 31 March 2015 | | 1 | | 2,000 | | 72,508 | | 107,614 | | 1,421,362 | | 1,603,485 |
|
|
The notes on pages 9 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
7
Condensed consolidated statement of cash flows
For the six months ended 31 March
| | | | | | |
| | Note | | Six Months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | Six Months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 |
Profit before tax | | | | 280,216 | | 338,601 |
| | | |
Adjustments for: | | | | | | |
| | | |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | | 9 | | 36,234 | | 36,438 |
| | | |
Pension scheme amendment | | 6 | | – | | (41,336) |
| | | |
Amortisation of intangibles | | 10 | | 4,847 | | 20,025 |
| | | |
Loss on impairment of investment | | | | – | | 23,326 |
| | | |
Loss on disposal and write off of property, plant and equipment and intangibles | | 9 | | 6,232 | | 63 |
| | | |
(Decrease)/Increase in provisions | | 14 | | (1,344) | | 12,600 |
|
|
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital | | | | 326,185 | | 389,717 |
| | | |
Increase in receivables | | | | (81,460) | | (46,770) |
| | | |
Increase in payables | | | | 99,204 | | 76,013 |
|
|
Cash generated by operations | | | | 343,929 | | 418,960 |
| | | |
Income taxes paid | | | | (107,656) | | (90,799) |
| | | |
Interest paid | | | | (507) | | (1,262) |
|
|
Net cash from operating activities | | | | 235,766 | | 326,899 |
| | | |
Investing activities | | | | | | |
| | | |
Interest received | | | | 802 | | 644 |
| | | |
Dividends received from other financial assets | | | | 570 | | 446 |
| | | |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | | 9 | | (33,640) | | (43,374) |
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities | | | | (32,268) | | (42,284) |
| | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | | 203,498 | | 284,615 |
| | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period | | | | 2,113,367 | | 1,443,350 |
| | | |
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain thereon | | | | (30,511) | | 32,381 |
| | |
| | | | |
| | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period, net of overdraft | | | | 2,286,354 | | 1,760,346 |
|
|
The notes on pages 9 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
8
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
1. General information
The European Union (“EU”) branch of Visa International (VI) incorporated on 1 July 2004, establishing Visa Europe Limited as a Regional Group Member of VI. EU members exchanged their interests in Visa International for one share each in Visa Europe Limited, which carried a right to vote, to dividends, and to distributions on liquidation. At the same time, the assets, liabilities and business of the Visa EU region were transferred to Visa Europe Services Inc., a Delaware corporation, which became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Visa Europe Limited. Together with Visa Management Limited, Visa EU Ltd, and European Resources Management Ltd, Visa Europe Management Services Limited, Visa Europe Limited and Visa Europe Services Inc. are collectively called Visa Europe Limited and Subsidiaries (the Group).
These condensed consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board on 22 May 2017.
2. Significant accounting policies
Statement of compliance
The Group has consistently followed the same accounting policies, presentation and methods of computation in these consolidated interim financial statements as applied in the Group’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 30 September 2015, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the IASB, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form8-K on 2 December 2015, except for adoption of amendments made to the following accounting standards beginning 1 October 2015:
Adoption of revised standards
Revised IAS 19 – Employee Benefits
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010-2012
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2011-2013
The adoption of these standards has had no material impact on these condensed consolidated financial statements.
These condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IAS 34 – Interim Financial Reporting.
Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of certain financial instruments. These financial statements are presented in Euros, which is both the functional and presentational currency, rounded to the nearest thousand.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that support carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
9
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
2. Significant accounting policiescontinued
Judgements made by management in the application of IFRSs that have significant effect on the financial statements and estimates with a significant risk of material adjustment in the next year are discussed in note 3.
Going concern
The directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing these financial statements having given due consideration to the liabilities of the Group and the consistent growth in cash flows over the period.
3. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are discussed below.
Revenue recognition
Revenues are stated net of volume-based discounts and support incentives. This offset takes place when it is probable that criteria for the discount or incentive will be met and can be reliably estimated. Management exercises judgement in assessing whether criteria will be met and in estimating the percentage of completion. For support incentives, management estimates the percentage of completion against the target criteria agreed with members. For volume-based discounts, management bases the estimates upon past experience.
Taxation
The Group has taken account of tax issues that are subject to ongoing discussions with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and other tax authorities in measuring tax assets and liabilities. Inherent in this is management’s assessment of legal and professional advice, case law and other relevant guidance. The various risks are categorised and appropriate weightings applied in determining the carrying value of current and deferred tax balances. In the second half of 2015, the company crystallised a loss on the sale of its investment in Monitise Plc. Management does not believe that capital gains will arise in the foreseeable future against which this can be offset, and therefore no deferred tax asset has been recognised.
Plant, property and equipment and intangible assets
At each balance sheet date, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances dictate, plant, property and equipment and intangible assets are assessed for indications of impairment. If indications are present, these assets are subject to an impairment review. The impairment review comprises a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset with its recoverable amount: the higher of the assets or the cash-generating unit’s fair value less cost of sale and its value in use. Fair value less cost of sale is calculated by reference to the amount at which the asset could be disposed of in a binding sale agreement in an arm’s length transaction evidenced by an active market or recent transactions for similar assets. Value in use is calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows obtainable as a result of the asset’s continued use, including those resulting from its ultimate disposal, at a market-based discount rate on apre-tax basis.
In the second half of 2015, the Group changed its strategic direction on digital products and consequently impaired assets associated with those products. It was considered that the assets could not be sold to a third party. Management exercised judgement in determining the value in use and concluded that the value was negligible. See notes 9 and 10.
Intangible assets that derive their value from contractual customer relationships or that can be separated and sold and have a finite useful life are amortised over their estimated useful life. Determining the estimated useful life of these finite life intangible assets requires an analysis of circumstances, and judgement by the Group’s management.
Retirement benefits
The schemes’ liabilities are calculated using the projected unit credit method, which takes into account projected earnings increases, using actuarial assumptions that give the best estimate of the future cash flows that will arise under the scheme liabilities. The resulting estimated cash flows are discounted at a rate equivalent to the market yield at the balance sheet date on high quality bonds with a similar duration and currency to the schemes’ liabilities. In order to estimate the future cash flows, a number of financial andnon-financial assumptions are made by management, changes to which could have a material impact upon the overall deficit or the net cost recognised in the income statement.
The three most important assumptions are the rate of inflation, the discount rate and the rates of mortality.
10
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
3. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertaintycontinued
The scheme exposes the Group to the following risks:
– | | Asset volatility: The Plan’s assets may underperform the discount rate assumed over any accounting period. |
– | | Inflation risk: A significant proportion of the Plan’s benefits increase in line with the UK inflation measures, RPI and CPI. |
| Unexpected increases in UK inflation would lead to higher Plan benefits. |
– | | Longevity: Unexpected increases in life expectancy would increase the Plan’s liabilities. |
Provisions and contingent liabilities
The Group exercises its judgement in considering whether a liability may arise and whether measurement is possible. Judgement is necessary in assessing the likelihood that a claim or allegation will succeed or that a negotiated settlement may be reached. Ex gratia payments are recognised when the Group concludes the relevant agreements. These are treated separately from related litigation. Judgement is further required in recognising and estimating the quantum of contingent liabilities (see note 16) related to legal and regulatory proceedings.
As noted above, taxation is inherently uncertain and subject to a number of factors. The Group has used its judgement in recognising a provision for indirect taxes on certain fees expensed through the income statement (see note 14). Due to the inherent uncertainty in these evaluation processes, assessments or estimates may prove to be incorrect and actual outflows of resources may be different from the original assessment.
4. Financial risk management
Overview
The Group has exposure to the following:
– Market risk
– Settlement risk
– Liquidity risk
-- Client credit and general business risk
– Other price risk
This note presents information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks. Further quantitative disclosures are included in note 15.
Risk management framework
The Risk Committee determines the Group’s attitude to risk and risk appetite. These are then endorsed by the Risk, Audit and Finance Committee of the Visa Europe Board. That Committee also endorses the tolerance and capacity for the various risk categories and makes policy decisions about future controls.
An enterprise-wide risk management framework is used as a way to identify, assess and report against risks. This is a company-wide activity involving all divisions, by engagement with our Risk management teams. Risk and control reviews and assessments identify the relevant risks and controls and develop plans to mitigate those risks.
The Group is exposed to a range of financial risks which predominantly arise from changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and money market liquidity. A financial risk management framework is in place, where appropriate, to mitigate any negative impact this may have on the Group’s reported results.
The risk framework is documented in the treasury policy approved by the board. This policy provides guidance over all treasury matters and is underpinned by delegated authority guidelines and detailed procedures. The main objectives of the policy are to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists to meet the operational needs of the business, to maintain the integrity and liquidity of the investment portfolio, and to manage the impact of foreign exchange volatility on the Group’s net income.
11
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
4. Financial risk managementcontinued
The execution of this policy is performed by the treasury team and is monitored by the Chief Financial Officer and by the Risk, Audit and Finance Committee of the Visa Europe Board. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect the changes in market conditions and the Group’s activities.
The Group manages its foreign exchange and liquidity risks in accordance with these policies using a variety of derivative andnon-derivative instruments. These derivative instruments are comprised of forward foreign exchange contracts. Hedging relationships are maintained within minimum and maximum allowable limits over specific maturity timeframes as defined in the policy. The Group does not trade in financial instruments, nor does it take on speculative or open positions through its use of derivatives.
Market risk
The Group is exposed to market risk factors such as changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices.
i) Foreign exchange risk
A substantial proportion of the Group’s expenditure is denominated in foreign currencies, mainly Sterling and US Dollar. To manage the income statement volatility attributable to this foreign exchange risk, the foreign exchange exposure of future committed and uncommitted cash flows is mitigated through the use of natural and derivative hedging within the parameters defined by the treasury policy. Committed cash flows relate to certain contractual rights or obligations. Uncommitted cash flows are highly probable future cash flows for which the Group does not yet have a contractual right or obligation.
ii) Interest rate risk
Visa Europe is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on its investments and borrowings. Currently, Visa Europe has no long-term debt, but monitors interest rate exposures on its investment portfolio so as to minimise the effect of interest rate fluctuations on the income statement.
iii) Equity risk
The Group is exposed to a small amount of equity risk which is currently accepted and not managed through the use of derivative instruments.
Settlement risk
The Group’s settlement risk is the risk that a member is unable to honour its obligations to the Group as and when those fall due. The Group employs a specialist member risk management team that is responsible for monitoring the credit risk related to each member that participates in the Visa system. This is done by regularly assessing each principal member’s financial health and evaluating their ability to respond if such a risk crystallises. The exposure to each member is also assessed based on issuing and acquiring volumes.
Other risk management measures include assessing the economic, supervisory and regulatory environment of the countries in which those members operate. To reduce any potential member losses that may arise from members’ failure to settle, any members that are assessed as presenting an unacceptable risk to the Visa system are required to provide financial safeguards to ensure performance of settlement obligations arising from card and other product clearing.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group is unable to meet its current and future cash flow obligations as and when they fall due, or can only do so at excessive cost. This includes the risk that the Group is unable to meet settlement obligations to the acquiring banks due to failure of an issuing bank to pay.
To mitigate this risk, it is the Group’s policy that sufficient liquidity must be availablesame-day in the amount equivalent to or greater than that represented by the participant with the largest net settlement exposure on any given day. Investment of the Group’s cash assets is restricted to financial counterparties with a minimum credit rating ofA- and limits are documented for both individual counterparties and by investment instrument type to reduce concentration risk. No investments are classed as either past due or impaired.
Other price risk
The defined benefit pension scheme is additionally exposed to equity price risk and this indirectly affects the Group. The Group additionally holds some equity investments.
Client credit and general business risk
The Group currently measures and monitors its level of loss absorbing capital relative to the credit risk exposure generated by the participant with the largest net settlement exposure. Visa Europe aims to hold sufficient net liquid assets funded by equity to absorb the potential losses arising from the disorderly failure of its single largest participant. In addition to this, loss absorbing capital is held to cover potential general business losses. The Group reports its financial resources position to the Bank of England regularly.
12
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
5. Revenue
An analysis of the Group’s revenue is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 | |
| |
Gross revenue | | | 1,190,985 | | | | 1,071,300 | |
| | |
Incentives | | | (431,245) | | | | (352,619) | |
| | | | |
Net revenue | | | 759,740 | | | | 718,681 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
6. Administrative expenses
Administrative expenses include:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 | |
| |
Foreign exchange (gains)/ losses | | | 19,003 | | | | (12,820) | |
| | |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (see note 10) | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Owned | | | 36,234 | | | | 36,438 | |
| | |
Amortisation of intangible assets (see note 11) | | | 4,847 | | | | 20,025 | |
| | |
Employee benefit costs | | | 128,397 | | | | 131,288 | |
| | |
Transaction bonus | | | 47,314 | | | | – | |
| | |
Pension Scheme Amendment (see note 13) | | | – | | | | (41,336) | |
| | |
VI License release | | | – | | | | (17,261) | |
| | |
Operating lease cost | | | 12,369 | | | | 12,256 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
On 2 November 2015, a definitive agreement was announced for Visa Inc. to acquire Visa Europe Limited. Upon the signing of this agreement, an accrual for related transaction bonuses to be made to all full time employees at that date was created. The total charge recognised in the income statement in the six months ended 31 March 2016 is€47,314,000 (Twelve month period to 30 September 2015:€Nil & six month period to 31 March 2015:€Nil).
In the first half of 2015, a change to the terms of the Group’s main defined benefit pension scheme, which excluded future pay increases from the calculation of the benefits of the majority of members, resulted In a credit of€41,336,000 being recognised in the Income statement for 31 March 2015 (Twelve month period to 30 September 2015:€41,336,000 & six month period to 31 March 2016:€Nil).
During the first half of 2015, Visa Inc. and Visa Europe agreed on an annual increase methodology for the license fee charged by Visa Inc. This resulted in a release of€17,261,000 (Twelve month period to 30 September 2015:€17,261,000 & six month period to 31 March 2016:€Nil) as Visa Europe had accrued an amount higher than the additional charge.
13
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
7. Other (expenses)/income
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 | |
| |
Other expenses | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Net gains/(losses) on derivatives not in a designated hedge accounting relationship | | | – | | | | (14,499) | |
| | |
Net loss on disposal and write off of property, plant and equipment (note 9) | | | (6,232) | | | | (63) | |
| | |
Provision for indirect taxes (see note 14) | | | (11,079) | | | | (8,733) | |
| | | | |
| | | (17,311) | | | | (23,295) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
| | |
| | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 | |
| |
Other Income | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Net gains on forward contracts transferred from other comprehensive income | | | 35,898 | | | | 24,800 | |
| | |
Net gains/(losses) on derivatives not in a designated hedge accounting relationship | | | 15,156 | | | | - | |
| | | | |
| | | 51,054 | | | | 24,800 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
There was no ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges in other income (Twelve months period to 30 September 2015:€Nil & six month period to 31 March 2015:€Nil).
8. Income tax expense
The main operating company is a US company and tax charges and liabilities are calculated using the current US tax rate of 35 per cent. The Group’s profits are mainly taxable in the UK and USA, subject to foreign tax relief in the USA and UK.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | Six months ended 31 March 2015 €’000 | |
| |
Current tax: | | | | | | | | |
| | |
UK corporation tax: | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Current tax on profit for the period | | | 53,415 | | | | 68,906 | |
| | |
Foreign tax: | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Current tax on profit for the period | | | 41,891 | | | | 50,195 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
Total current income tax expense | | | 95,306 | | | | 119,101 | |
| | |
Deferred tax | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Origination and reversal of temporary differences | | | 5,618 | | | | 20,866 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
Total income tax expense | | | 100,924 | | | | 139,967 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| |
The total income tax expense for the six month period to 31 March 2016 is high due to permanent differences. The total income tax expense for the six month period to 31 March 2015 is high due to permanent differences and the effects of capital losses for which no deferred tax amount was provided.
14
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
9. Property, plant and equipment
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Land, building and leasehold and improvements €’000 | | | Assets in course of construction €’000 | | | Fixtures and equipment €’000 | | | Computer equipment and software €’000 | | | Total €’000 | |
| |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
At 1 October 2014 | | | 70,830 | | | | 97,950 | | | | 31,073 | | | | 485,598 | | | | 685,451 | |
| | | | | |
Additions | | | 22 | | | | 124,079 | | | | 3 | | | | 264 | | | | 124,368 | |
| | | | | |
Transfer to internally generated software (note 10) | | | – | | | | (32,763 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | (32,763) | |
| | | | | |
Transfers between items | | | 2,399 | | | | (71,667 | ) | | | 7,337 | | | | 61,931 | | | | – | |
| | | | | |
Impairment | | | (2,756 | ) | | | (24,308 | ) | | | (1,596 | ) | | | (57,852 | ) | | | (86,512) | |
| | | | | |
Disposals | | | – | | | | – | | | | (28 | ) | | | (117 | ) | | | (145) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
At 1 October 2015 | | | 70,495 | | | | 93,291 | | | | 36,789 | | | | 489,824 | | | | 690,399 | |
| | | | | |
Additions | | | 239 | | | | 33,184 | | | | 1 | | | | 216 | | | | 33,640 | |
| | | | | |
Transfer to internally generated software (note 10) | | | – | | | | (27,230) | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (27,230) | |
| | | | | |
Transfers between items | | | 421 | | | | (38,880) | | | | 4,857 | | | | 33,602 | | | | – | |
| | | | | |
Impairment | | | – | | | | (2,852) | | | | – | | | | (6,096) | | | | (8,948) | |
| | | | | |
Disposals | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
At 31 March 2016 | | | 71,155 | | | | 57,513 | | | | 41,647 | | | | 517,546 | | | | 687,861 | |
| | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation and impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
At 1 October 2014 | | | (44,144 | ) | | | – | | | | (17,813 | ) | | | (321,121 | ) | | | (383,078) | |
| | | | | |
Charge for the year | | | (5,876 | ) | | | – | | | | (6,167 | ) | | | (60,651 | ) | | | (72,694) | |
| | | | | |
Elimination on impairment | | | 1,780 | | | | – | | | | 1,110 | | | | 31,807 | | | | 34,697 | |
| | | | | |
Elimination on disposal | | | – | | | | – | | | | 27 | | | | 117 | | | | 144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
At 1 October 2015 | | | (48,240 | ) | | | – | | | | (22,843 | ) | | | (349,848 | ) | | | (420,931) | |
| | | | | |
Charge for the period | | | (3,171) | | | | – | | | | (3,615) | | | | (29,448) | | | | (36,234) | |
| | | | | |
Elimination on impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2,716 | | | | 2,716 | |
| | | | | |
Elimination on disposal | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
At 31 March 2016 | | | (51,411) | | | | – | | | | (26,458) | | | | (376,580) | | | | (454,449) | |
| | | | | |
Carrying amount | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
At 30 September 2015 | | | 22,255 | | | | 93,291 | | | | 13,946 | | | | 139,976 | | | | 269,468 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | |
At 31 March 2016 | | | 19,744 | | | | 57,513 | | | | 15,189 | | | | 140,966 | | | | 233,412 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
15
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
9. Property, plant and equipmentcontinued
The cost of internally generated software that has been brought into use, initially held in computer, equipment and software is transferred to intangible assets (see Note 10).
Due to a change in strategic direction in the second half of 2015, the platforms on which certain services were supplied were fully impaired. For the six months ended 31 March 2016, the write off of project-related costs to recoverable amount was€6,232,000 (30 September 2015:€24,308,000 & six month period to 31 March 2015:€Nil). The recoverable amount of the assets was assessed to be nil (30 September 2015:€Nil & 31 March 2015:€Nil).
10. Goodwill and intangibles
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Goodwill €’000 | | | Operating rights €’000 | | | Customer relationships €’000 | | | Brand €’000 | | | Internally generated software €’000 | | | Total €’000 | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At 1 October 2014 | | | 33,015 | | | | 20,519 | | | | 3,711 | | | | 757 | | | | 189,120 | | | | 247,122 | |
| | | | | | |
Transfer from assets in course of construction (note 9) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 32,763 | | | | 32,763 | |
| | | | | | |
Impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (177,610) | | | | (177,610) | |
At 1 October 2015 | | | 33,015 | | | | 20,519 | | | | 3,711 | | | | 757 | | | | 44,273 | | | | 102,275 | |
| | | | | | |
Transfer from computer equipment and software (note 9) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 27,230 | | | | 27,230 | |
At 31 March 2016 | | | 33,015 | | | | 20,519 | | | | 3,711 | | | | 757 | | | | 71,503 | | | | 129,505 | |
| | | | | | |
Accumulated amortisation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
At 1 October 2014 | | | – | | | | – | | | | (1,155) | | | | (236) | | | | (56,096) | | | | (57,487) | |
| | | | | | |
Charge for the year | | | – | | | | – | | | | (247) | | | | (50) | | | | (43,637) | | | | (43,934) | |
| | | | | | |
Elimination on impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 74,886 | | | | 74,886 | |
At 1 October 2015 | | | – | | | | – | | | | (1,402) | | | | (286) | | | | (24,847) | | | | (26,535) | |
| | | | | | |
Charge for the period | | | – | | | | – | | | | (124) | | | | (25) | | | | (4,698) | | | | (4,847) | |
At 31 March 2016 | | | – | | | | – | | | | (1,526) | | | | (311) | | | | (29,545) | | | | (31,382) | |
| | | | | | |
Carrying amount | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
At 30 September 2015 | | | 33,015 | | | | 20,519 | | | | 2,309 | | | | 471 | | | | 19,426 | | | | 75,740 | |
At 31 March 2016 | | | 33,015 | | | | 20,519 | | | | 2,185 | | | | 446 | | | | 41,958 | | | | 98,123 | |
The operating rights are assessed as having an indefinite life because Visa Europe has signed an exclusive, irrevocable licensing arrangement in perpetuity with Visa Inc. to use the Visa trademarks and technology, and the countries are expected to generate net cash inflows indefinitely.
Due to a change in strategic direction, the platforms on which certain services were supplied were fully impaired in the second half of 2015. The decision was taken to stop the provision of Visa Direct, Targeted Marketing Solutions and V.me by Visa to customers. As a result, management has assessed that the recoverable amount of the assets used for these services is nil.
16
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
10. Goodwill and intangiblescontinued
The Group prepares cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets approved by management for the next three years and extrapolates cash flows based on an estimated growth rate of five per cent (2015: seven per cent). This rate does not exceed the average long-term growth rate for the relevant markets.
11. Financial assets
| | | | | | | | |
| | 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | 30 September 2015 €’000 | |
Non-current | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Currency derivatives | | | 11,783 | | | | 44,908 | |
| | | 11,783 | | | | 44,908 | |
| | |
| | 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | 30 September 2015 €’000 | |
Current | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Interest rate derivatives | | | – | | | | 282 | |
| | |
Currency derivatives | | | 52,527 | | | | 68,442 | |
| | |
Available-for-sale investments | | | 148,034 | | | | 135,813 | |
| | | 200,561 | | | | 204,537 | |
Available-for-sale investments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Visa Inc. Series IV €’000 | | | Monitise €’000 | | | Total €’000 | |
Balance sheet value as at 30 September 2014 | | | 92,274 | | | | 43,909 | | | | 136,183 | |
| | | |
Disposal of investment | | | – | | | | (7,453) | | | | (7,453) | |
| | | |
Subsequent movement in fair value through other comprehensive income | | | 43,539 | | | | 171 | | | | 43,710 | |
| | | |
Subsequent impairment of investment through income statement | | | – | | | | (36,627) | | | | (36,627) | |
Balance sheet value as at 30 September 2015 | | | 135,813 | | | | – | | | | 135,813 | |
| | | |
Subsequent movement in fair value through other comprehensive income | | | 12,221 | | | | – | | | | 12,221 | |
Balance sheet value as at 31 March 2016 | | | 148,034 | | | | – | | | | 148,034 | |
The company’s entire shareholding of Monitise Plc was disposed of in the second half of 2015. The company recognised impairment of its investment in Monitise Plc through the income statement of€23,326,000 in the six month period to 31 March 2015 (Twelve month period to 30 September 2015:€36,627,000 & six month period to 31 March 2016:€Nil).
17
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
12. Financial liabilities
| | | | | | | | |
| | 31 March 2016 €’000 | | | 30 September 2015 €’000 | |
Non-current | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Currency derivatives | | | 10,186 | | | | 4,027 | |
| | |
Current | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Bank overdrafts | | | 27,735 | | | | 1,227 | |
| | |
Currency derivatives | | | 5,797 | | | | 2,006 | |
| | | 33,532 | | | | 3,233 | |
13. Retirement benefit obligation
Defined benefit schemes
The Group provides benefits to its employees through a defined benefit plan which is known as ‘the Visa Europe Pension Plan’ (VPP). Here the benefits are provided on a funded basis and are based on the final pensionable pay of its members to the maximum level allowed by HMRC. The balance of the benefit, for those few individuals entitled to benefits above the maximum allowed by HMRC, is provided through an unfunded unapproved arrangement (UA). The UA scheme is classified in ‘other schemes’ in the following tables. The duration of the VPP scheme liabilities is 24 years.
The latest actuarial valuation for the VPP and UA schemes was carried out at 30 September 2015. The results of that valuation were updated for any material transactions and other material changes in circumstances (including changes in bond yields and inflation rates) up to the end of the reporting period (31 March 2016). There have been no changes in the valuation methodology adopted for this period’s disclosures compared to the prior year’s disclosures. As the schemes are closed to new members, it is expected that the cost of the schemes as a percentage of individual pensionable salaries will increase as the member age.
Nature of benefits provided by the scheme:
The company operates a defined benefit scheme in the UK which is a final salary plan and provides benefits linked to salary at retirement, at earlier date of leaving service or that effective at 1 February 2015. The Plan is open to future accrual but closed to new entrants.
Description of regulatory framework in which the scheme operates
The UK pensions market is regulated by the Pensions Regulator whose statutory objectives and regulatory powers are described on its website, www.thepensionregulator.gov.uk
Description of any other entity’s responsibilities for governance of the scheme
The Trustees have the primary responsibility for governance of the Plan – including the setting of contribution rates subject to consultation/agreement with the company as required by the Plan’s Trust Deed and Rules and overriding legislation. Benefit payments are from Trustee administered funds and Plan assets are held in Trust which is governed by UK regulation. The Trustees are comprised of representatives of the company and members in accordance with the Trust Deed and Rules.
18
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
13. Retirement benefit obligation (continued)
Key actuarial assumptions used:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 31 March 2016 % | | | 30 September 2015 % | |
Discount rate applied to scheme liabilities | | | 3.50 | | | | 3.87 | |
| | |
Expected rate of salary increases (salary sacrifice members) | | | 3.20 | | | | 4.30 | |
| | |
Future pension increases | | | 3.10 | | | | 3.15 | |
| | |
Inflation (RPI) | | | 3.20 | | | | 3.30 | |
| | |
Inflation (CPI) | | | 2.10 | | | | 2.30 | |
Amounts recognised through the income statement in respect of these defined benefit schemes are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six months ended 31 March 2016 | | | Twelve months ended 30 September 2015 | |
| | VPP €’000 | | | Other schemes €’000 | | | Total €’000 | | | VPP €’000 | | | Other schemes €’000 | | | Total €’000 | |
Current service cost | | | 2,404 | | | | 98 | | | | 2,502 | | | | 5,420 | | | | 632 | | | | 6,052 | |
| | | | | | |
Net interest cost on net defined benefit liability | | | 711 | | | | 157 | | | | 868 | | | | 2,048 | | | | 360 | | | | 2,408 | |
| | | | | | |
Pension scheme amendment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (41,336 | ) | | | – | | | | (41,336 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Past service costs | | | – | | | | 27 | | | | 27 | | | | – | | | | 27 | | | | 27 | |
| | | 3,115 | | | | 282 | | | | 3,397 | | | | (33,868 | ) | | | 1,019 | | | | (32,849 | ) |
Amounts recognised through the income statement have been included in administrative expenses. See note 6 for discussion of the pension scheme amendment made in 2015. Remeasurement gains and losses have been reported in other comprehensive income.
The amount included in the balance sheet arising from the Group’s obligations in respect of its defined retirement benefit schemes are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Present value of defined benefit obligation €’000 | | | Fair value of scheme assets €’000 | | | (Liability)/ asset recognised in the balance sheet €’000 | |
31 March 2016 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
VPP | | | (324,668 | ) | | | 277,573 | | | | (47,095 | ) |
| | | |
Other schemes | | | (7,343 | ) | | | – | | | | (7,343 | ) |
Total | | | (332,011 | ) | | | 277,573 | | | | (54,438 | ) |
30 September 2015 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
VPP | | | (327,050 | ) | | | 285,934 | | | | (41,116 | ) |
| | | |
Other schemes | | | (9,236 | ) | | | – | | | | (9,236 | ) |
Total | | | (336,286 | ) | | | 285,934 | | | | (50,352 | ) |
19
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
14. Provisions
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2016 |
| | Asset retirement obligation €’000 | | Indirect taxes €’000 | | Other €’000 | | Total €’000 |
At 1 October 2015 | | 7,481 | | 111,572 | | 18,973 | | 138,026 |
| | | | |
Additional provision in the period | | – | | 11,079 | | 9,785 | | 20,864 |
| | | | |
Unwinding of discount | | 151 | | – | | – | | 151 |
| | | | |
Provisions used during the period | | – | | – | | (7,995) | | (7,995) |
| | | | |
Provision reversed during the period | | – | | – | | (9,691) | | (9,691) |
| | | | |
Exchange difference | | (358) | | (4,315) | | - | | (4,673) |
At 31 March 2016 | | 7,274 | | 118,336 | | 11,072 | | 136,682 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2015 |
| | Asset retirement obligation €’000 | | Indirect taxes €’000 | | Other €’000 | | Total €’000 |
At 1 October 2014 | | 8,667 | | 68,543 | | 9,496 | | 86,706 |
| | | | |
Net Additional provision in the year | | – | | 39,982 | | 16,406 | | 56,388 |
| | | | |
Unwinding of discount | | 322 | | – | | – | | 322 |
| | | | |
Provisions used during the year | | (1,989) | | -- | | (6,097) | | (8,086) |
| | | | |
Provision reversed during the period | | -- | | -- | | (832) | | (832) |
| | | | |
Exchange difference | | 481 | | 3,047 | | – | | 3,528 |
At 30 September 2015 | | 7,481 | | 111,572 | | 18,973 | | 138,026 |
The asset retirement obligation represents a liability to restore the Group’s leased buildings to their original condition. The provision is made on a discounted basis over the remainder of the lease. A corresponding asset has been capitalised within land and buildings in property, plant and equipment and is being amortised to the income statement over the term of the lease.
In 2013 a provision for indirect taxes on certain fees was created. In 2016 and 2015, the Group increased the provision held for indirect taxes on certain fees. The total charge recognised within other expenses in the income statement in the six months ended 31 March 2016 is€11,079,000 (Twelve month period to 30 September 2015:€39,982,000 & six month period to 31 March 2015:€8,733,000). The tax treatment of these fees is currently disputed with the relevant tax authority.
As of 31 March 2016 management has recognised a provision of€3,065,000 (30 September 2015:€10,181,000 & six month period to 31 March 2015:€Nil) relating to onerous contracts, following their decision to realign the digital strategy.
20
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
15. Financial instruments
Settlement risk
Settlement risk is the risk that a member is unable to honour its obligations to the Group as and when they fall due. To guard against any potential losses that may arise, the Group obtains financial safeguards from members where it is deemed appropriate. This is based on board-approved guidelines and generally includes cash equivalents, letters of credit and guarantees.
The Group had the following financial safeguards to mitigate its settlement risk with customers:
| | | | |
| | 31 March 2016 €’million | | 30 September 2015 €’million |
Cash | | 242.0 | | 241.0 |
| | |
Letters of credit | | 99.3 | | 159.4 |
| | |
Guarantees | | 135.4 | | 133.4 |
Total | | 476.7 | | 533.8 |
As these forms of collateral do not meet the definition of an asset for the Group, no amounts are included on the balance sheet. The cash is not an asset of the Group as customers retain beneficial ownership and the cash is only accessible to the Group in the event of default on its settlement obligations by customer, In addition, some customers have provided€37.6 million (2015:€37.0 million) inpre-funding for future settlement positions. This amount is included in reported cash figures. The fair values of letters of credit and guarantees are assessed to be equal to the carrying amount.
Credit risk
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Group’s maximum exposure, which at the reporting date, was as follows:
| | | | |
| | 31 March 2016 €’million | | 30 September 2015 €’million |
Financial assets held at fair value | | 64.3 | | 249.4 |
| | |
Trade and other receivables | | 1,425.0 | | 1,402.4 |
| | |
Cash | | 2,258.6 | | 2,114.6 |
| | 3,747.9 | | 3,766.4 |
All Group cash financial safeguards are held in AAA rated short term Money Market Funds. These diversified pooled investment Funds invest in high quality, short term debt instruments and allow same day access to cash if required
At the reporting date there were no significant financial guarantees for third party obligations that increased this risk. The Group signs netting agreements under an ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association) master agreement with the respective counterparties, which minimises the exposure on derivative positions.
The Group only trades foreign exchange with investment grade banks. On this basis, it is considered that credit valuation adjustment and debit valuation adjustment are immaterial to the value of derivatives and hedge effectiveness
Fair values
The Group uses quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets to determine the fair values of identical assets or liabilities. The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is equal to the carrying amount.
The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method.
Financial instruments with a fair value based on quoted market prices (level 1) include valuations which are determined by unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets where the quoted price is readily available, and the price represents actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.
The Group uses foreign currency and interest rate derivatives to hedge its market risk exposures. These level 2 financial instruments are measured using ‘market comparison techniques’, whereby the fair values are based on broker quotes. Similar contracts are traded in an active market and the quotes reflect the actual transactions in similar instruments. When determining the value for these financial instruments there are no significant unobservable inputs.
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Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
15. Financial instrumentscontinued
Financial instruments with a fair value based on significant unobservable inputs (level 3) include valuations which incorporate significant inputs for the instrument that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). Unobservable inputs are those not readily available in an active market due to market illiquidity or complexity of the product. These inputs are generally determined based on observable inputs of a similar nature, historic observations on the level of the input or analytical techniques.
| | | | | | | | |
31 March 2016 | | Level 1 € million | | Level 2 € million | | Level 3 € million | | Total € million |
Non-derivative financial assets: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Available-for-sale investments | | 148.0 | | – | | – | | 148.0 |
| | | | |
Derivative financial assets: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Currency derivatives | | – | | 64.3 | | – | | 64.3 |
| | 148.0 | | 64.3 | | – | | 212.3 |
| | | | |
Derivative financial liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Currency derivatives | | – | | (16.0) | | – | | (16.0) |
| | – | | (16.0) | | – | | (16.0) |
Cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables are recognised and measured by the Group at amortised cost. Management considers fair value and book value to be the same. These items are assessed to be level 2 financial instruments.
| | | | | | | | |
30 September 2015 | | Level 1 € million | | Level 2 € million | | Level 3 € million | | Total € million |
Non-derivative financial assets: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Available-for-sale investments | | 135.8 | | – | | – | | 135.8 |
| | | | |
Derivative financial assets: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Interest rate derivatives | | – | | 0.3 | | – | | 0.3 |
| | | | |
Currency derivatives | | – | | 113.4 | | – | | 113.4 |
| | 135.8 | | 113.7 | | – | | 249.5 |
| | | | |
Derivative financial liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Currency derivatives | | – | | (6.0) | | – | | (6.0) |
| | – | | (6.0) | | – | | (6.0) |
Cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables are recognised and measured by the Group at amortised cost. Management considers fair value and book value to be the same. These items are assessed to be level 2 financial instruments.
Interest rates used for determining fair value
The interest rates used to discount estimated cash flows, when applicable, are based on the government yield curve at the reporting date and were as follows:
| | | | |
| | 31 March 2016 % | | Year to 30 September 2015 % |
Derivative contracts | | (0.43)% to (0.04)% | | (0.12)% to (0.00)% |
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Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
16. Contingent liabilities
The Group is subject to extensive regulation and oversight in the conduct of its business. A failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in regulatory investigations, fines and restrictions on some of the Group’s business activities or other sanctions. The Group seeks to minimise this risk through the adoption of compliance and other policies and procedures, continuing to refine controls over business practices and behaviour, employee training, the use of appropriate documentation, and the involvement of outside legal counsel, where appropriate.
During 2013, certain UK and Irish retailers issued proceedings against Visa Europe claiming for losses suffered in respect of alleged breaches of EU, EEA and UK (and in some cases Irish) competition law. Further retailers have brought similar proceedings in the period since that time. In October 2014 the English High Court struck out elements of the claim relating to the period before July 2007 (six years before the claims were brought) in respect of a Group of retailers that had brought their claims in 2013. The retailers’ request to submit an appeal was rejected by the Court. The retailers applied to the Court of Appeal with a view to overturning the judgement. However, the judgment was upheld. The retailers did not submit a further appeal to the Supreme Court. This judgment will apply to all current and future related claims. Overall, Visa Europe considers that it has strong defences and is defending the claims accordingly. On this basis Visa Europe does not consider it has a present obligation.
A trial in relation to certain of these claims commenced in November 2016 and ended in March 2017. Three retailers settled before the trial started, and a further twelve settled during the course of the trial. Judgment is pending in relation to the one remaining Merchant claim. In addition, over 30 additional Merchants have threatened to commence similar proceedings and standstill agreements have been entered into with respect to some of those Merchants’ claims.
A related case against MasterCard was determined at first instance before the UK Competition Appeal Tribunal in July 2016. Notwithstanding this judgment, which MasterCard is presently seeking to appeal, Visa UK does not consider that it has a present obligation.
In January 2017 the English High Court ruled in favour of MasterCard and found, in a case brought by largely the same Group of retailers as have brought claims against Visa, that other than in respect of a brief period covered by a negative European Commission decision against MasterCard, its interchange was set lawfully at all times. The retailers are seeking to bring an appeal against this judgment in the Court of Appeal.
The potential liabilities in respect of these claims are estimated at this point in time to be in the range of zero to several billion Euros.
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Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)continued
As at and for the six months ended 31 March 2016
17. Subsequent events
Visa Europe, a payments system business, transformed from a membership organisation during the financial year into afor-profit organisation following its acquisition by Visa Inc., U.S.A. on 21 June 2016. Consequently, it no longer has any members (2015: 3,033 members). The company’s main business operation is to serve its customers across Europe.
After March 2016, Visa Europe Ltd (one of theco-defendants in the UK & Ireland retailer litigation; discussed in note 16 - Contingent Liabilities), made ex gratia payments on a without prejudice basis, in order for claimants to withdraw any current or future claims with respect to interchange charged by Visa Europe Limited and itsco-defendants.
Also in February 2017 Visa Europe Services Inc. (“VESI”) a subsidiary of the company, undertook a reorganisation which resulted in its conversion from a Delaware Corporation to a Delaware Limited Liability Company. Accordingly, from 17 February 2017, Visa Europe Services Inc. was renamed Visa Europe Services LLC.
As part of the above reorganisation, VESI repaid its intercompany debt of€986 million to its immediate parent company, Visa Europe Limited. Subsequently, Visa Europe Services LLC was sold by Visa Europe Limited to a fellow group company, Visa International Holdings Limited. Subsequently, Visa Europe Services LLC was sold back to Visa Europe Limited by Visa International Holdings Limited.
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