Fair Value Measurements and Investments | Note 4—Fair Value Measurements and Investments Fair Value Measurements Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as Level 1 Level 2 December 31, September 30, December 31, September 30, (in millions) Assets Cash equivalents and restricted cash: Money market funds $ 4,819 $ 4,537 U.S. government-sponsored debt securities $ — $ 196 Investment securities, trading: Equity securities 82 71 Investment securities, available-for-sale: U.S. government-sponsored debt securities 4,671 4,699 U.S. Treasury securities 2,554 2,178 Equity securities 62 53 Corporate debt securities 130 249 Prepaid and other current assets: Foreign exchange derivative instruments 88 50 Other assets: Foreign exchange derivative instruments 2 6 Total $ 7,517 $ 6,839 $ 4,891 $ 5,200 Liabilities Accrued liabilities: Foreign exchange derivative instruments $ 76 $ 116 Other liabilities: Foreign exchange derivative instruments 8 20 Total $ — $ — $ 84 $ 136 There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 assets during the three months ended December 31, 2016 . Level 1 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Money market funds, publicly-traded equity securities and U.S. Treasury securities are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy, as fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of U.S. government-sponsored debt securities and corporate debt securities, as provided by third-party pricing vendors, is based on quoted prices in active markets for similar, not identical, assets. The pricing data obtained from outside sources is reviewed internally for reasonableness, compared against benchmark quotes from independent pricing sources, then confirmed or revised accordingly. Foreign exchange derivative instruments are valued using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. There were no substantive changes to the valuation techniques and related inputs used to measure fair value during the three months ended December 31, 2016 . Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Non-marketable equity investments and investments accounted for under the equity method . These investments are classified as Level 3 due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity, and the fact that inputs used to measure fair value are unobservable and require management's judgment. When certain events or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist, the Company revalues the investments using various assumptions, including the financial metrics and ratios of comparable public companies. There were no significant impairments during the three months ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 . These investments totaled $48 million and $46 million at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 , respectively, and are classified in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Non-financial assets and liabilities. Long-lived assets such as goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, finite-lived intangible assets, and property, equipment and technology are considered non-financial assets. The Company does not have any non-financial liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Finite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationships, trade names and reseller relationships, all of which were obtained through acquisitions. If the Company were required to perform a quantitative assessment for impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, the fair values would generally be estimated using an income approach. As the assumptions employed to measure these assets on a non-recurring basis are based on management's judgment using internal and external data, these fair value determinations are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. There were no events or changes in circumstances that indicate impairment at December 31, 2016 . Other Fair Value Disclosures Long-term debt. Debt instruments are measured at amortized cost on the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 . The fair value of the debt instruments, as provided by third-party pricing vendors, is based on quoted prices in active markets for similar, not identical, assets. The pricing data obtained from outside sources is reviewed internally for reasonableness, compared against benchmark quotes from independent pricing sources, then confirmed or revised accordingly. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these instruments would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s debt in order of maturity. December 31, 2016 September 30, 2016 Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value (in millions) 1.20% Senior Notes due December 2017 $ 1,747 $ 1,750 $ 1,746 $ 1,754 2.20% Senior Notes due December 2020 2,988 3,009 2,988 3,077 2.80% Senior Notes due December 2022 2,239 2,263 2,238 2,359 3.15% Senior Notes due December 2025 3,965 4,018 3,964 4,225 4.15% Senior Notes due December 2035 1,485 1,570 1,485 1,698 4.30% Senior Notes due December 2045 3,461 3,694 3,461 4,045 Total $ 15,885 $ 16,304 $ 15,882 $ 17,158 Other financial instruments not measured at fair value. The following financial instruments are not measured at fair value on the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 , but disclosure of their fair values is required: time deposits recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets, settlement receivable and payable, commercial paper, and customer collateral. The estimated fair value of such instruments at December 31, 2016 approximates their carrying value due to their generally short maturities. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Investments Available-for-sale investment securities. The Company had $59 million in gross unrealized gains and $7 million in gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 . There were $55 million gross unrealized gains and no gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2016 . A majority of the Company's available-for-sale investment securities with stated maturities are due within one to two years. |