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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2012
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number 001-33805
OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware | 26-0354783 | |
(State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
9 West 57th Street, New York, New York 10019
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant’s telephone number: (212) 790-0041
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of October 25, 2012, there were 143,641,257 Class A Shares and 274,286,008 Class B Shares outstanding.
Table of Contents
OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||||||
Item 1. | 3 | |||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 | 3 | |||||
4 | ||||||
5 | ||||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 | 6 | |||||
7 | ||||||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27 | ||||
Item 3. | 57 | |||||
Item 4. | 58 | |||||
Item 1. | 60 | |||||
Item 1A. | 60 | |||||
Item 2. | 60 | |||||
Item 3. | 60 | |||||
Item 4. | 60 | |||||
Item 5. | 60 | |||||
Item 6. | 60 | |||||
61 |
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In this quarterly report, references to “Och-Ziff,” “our Company,” “the Company,” “the firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer, unless the context requires otherwise, to Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Och-Ziff Operating Group. References to the “Och-Ziff Operating Group” refer, collectively, to OZ Management LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as “OZ Management,” OZ Advisors LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as “OZ Advisors I,” OZ Advisors II LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as “OZ Advisors II,” and their consolidated subsidiaries. References to our “intermediate holding companies” refer, collectively, to Och-Ziff Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation, which we refer to as “Och-Ziff Corp,” and Och-Ziff Holding LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as “Och-Ziff Holding,” both of which are wholly owned subsidiaries of Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC.
References to our “executive managing directors” refer to the current limited partners of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities other than the Ziffs and our intermediate holding companies, and include our founder, Mr. Daniel S. Och, except where the context requires otherwise. References to the “Ziffs” refer collectively to Ziff Investors Partnership, L.P. II and certain of its affiliates and control persons.
References to “Class A Shares” refer to our Class A Shares, representing Class A limited liability company interests of Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC, which are publicly traded and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. References to “Class B Shares” refer to Class B Shares of Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC, which are not publicly traded, are currently held solely by our executive managing directors and have no economic rights but entitle the holders thereof to one vote per share together with the holders of our Class A Shares.
References to our “IPO” refer to our initial public offering of 36.0 million Class A Shares that occurred in November 2007. References to the “2007 Offerings” refer collectively to our IPO and the concurrent private offering of approximately 38.1 million Class A Shares to DIC Sahir Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dubai International Capital LLC. References to the “2011 Offering” refer to the public offering of 33.3 million Class A Shares that occurred in November 2011.
References to “our funds” or the “Och-Ziff funds” refer to the hedge funds and other alternative investment vehicles for which we provide asset management services. References to “Special Investments” refer to investments that we, as investment manager, believe lack a readily ascertainable market value, are illiquid or should be held until the resolution of a special event or circumstance.
No statements herein, available on our website or in any of the materials we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the “SEC,” constitute or should be viewed as constituting an offer of any Och-Ziff fund.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements under “Part I — Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which we refer to as the “MD&A,” “Part I — Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” and “Part II — Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this quarterly report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to as the “Securities Act,” and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act,” that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and financial performance. We generally identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “outlook,” “believe,” “expect,” “potential,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seek,” “approximately,” “predict,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “opportunity,” “comfortable,” “assume,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “achieve,” “see,” “think,” “position” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words.
Any forward-looking statements contained herein are based upon historical information and on our current plans, estimates and expectations. The inclusion of this or other forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. We caution that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, estimates, risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the following: global economic, business, market and geopolitical conditions, including Euro-zone sovereign debt issues; U.S. and foreign regulatory developments relating to, among other things, financial institutions and markets, government oversight and taxation; conditions impacting the alternative asset management industry; our ability to successfully compete for fund investors, assets, professional talent and investment opportunities; our ability to retain our executive managing directors, managing directors and other investment professionals; our successful formulation and execution of our business and growth strategies; our ability to appropriately manage conflicts of interest and tax and other regulatory factors relevant to our business; and assumptions relating to our operations, investment performance, financial results, financial condition, business prospects, growth strategy and liquidity.
If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our assumptions or estimates prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those indicated in these statements. These factors are not and should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements and risks that are included in our filings with the SEC, including but not limited to our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed on February 27, 2012, which we refer to as our “Annual Report.”
There may be additional risks, uncertainties and factors that we do not currently view as material or that are not known. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report are made only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future developments or otherwise.
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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — UNAUDITED
September 30, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
Assets | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 185,333 | $ | 149,011 | ||||
Income and fees receivable | 33,439 | 74,640 | ||||||
Due from related parties | 1,806 | 2,135 | ||||||
Deferred income tax assets | 941,350 | 965,520 | ||||||
Other assets, net | 67,157 | 79,840 | ||||||
Assets of consolidated Och-Ziff funds: | ||||||||
Investments, at fair value | 1,381,515 | 729,152 | ||||||
Other assets of Och-Ziff funds | 22,989 | 43,805 | ||||||
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Total Assets | $ | 2,633,589 | $ | 2,044,103 | ||||
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Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||
Due to related parties | $ | 768,244 | $ | 759,056 | ||||
Debt obligations | 389,015 | 383,685 | ||||||
Compensation payable | 14,432 | 107,384 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 96,870 | 58,510 | ||||||
Liabilities of consolidated Och-Ziff funds: | ||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 170,567 | 101,563 | ||||||
Other liabilities of Och-Ziff funds | 15,262 | 1,540 | ||||||
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Total Liabilities | 1,454,390 | 1,411,738 | ||||||
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Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13) | ||||||||
Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
Class A Shares, no par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 143,480,713 and 139,341,965 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively | — | — | ||||||
Class B Shares, no par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized, 274,286,008 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 | — | — | ||||||
Paid-in capital | 2,822,710 | 2,419,287 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (3,183,388 | ) | (2,776,374 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | — | (49 | ) | |||||
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Shareholders’ deficit attributable to Class A Shareholders | (360,678 | ) | (357,136 | ) | ||||
Shareholders’ equity attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1,539,877 | 989,501 | ||||||
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Total Shareholders’ Equity | 1,179,199 | 632,365 | ||||||
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Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 2,633,589 | $ | 2,044,103 | ||||
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See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS — UNAUDITED
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 125,896 | $ | 128,516 | $ | 375,470 | $ | 378,206 | ||||||||
Incentive income | 8,081 | 8,058 | 27,716 | 21,891 | ||||||||||||
Other revenues | 291 | 603 | 875 | 1,639 | ||||||||||||
Income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 33,705 | 12,228 | 83,258 | 33,362 | ||||||||||||
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Total Revenues | 167,973 | 149,405 | 487,319 | 435,098 | ||||||||||||
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Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 44,934 | 53,374 | 127,125 | 173,822 | ||||||||||||
Reorganization expenses | 398,503 | 408,594 | 1,195,335 | 1,213,761 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,793 | 1,714 | 4,248 | 5,605 | ||||||||||||
General, administrative and other | 30,642 | 11,105 | 91,842 | 63,529 | ||||||||||||
Expenses of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 2,268 | 2,379 | 7,319 | 6,309 | ||||||||||||
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Total Expenses | 478,140 | 477,166 | 1,425,869 | 1,463,026 | ||||||||||||
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Other Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||
Net gains on investments in Och-Ziff funds and joint ventures | 317 | 201 | 29 | 413 | ||||||||||||
Change in deferred income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | (16,450 | ) | (262 | ) | (38,877 | ) | (3,237 | ) | ||||||||
Net gains (losses) of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 56,286 | (14,158 | ) | 141,562 | (2,959 | ) | ||||||||||
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Total Other Income (Loss) | 40,153 | (14,219 | ) | 102,714 | (5,783 | ) | ||||||||||
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Loss Before Income Taxes | (270,014 | ) | (341,980 | ) | (835,836 | ) | (1,033,711 | ) | ||||||||
Income taxes | 19,127 | 24,317 | 46,022 | 42,356 | ||||||||||||
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Consolidated Net Loss | (289,141 | ) | (366,297 | ) | (881,858 | ) | (1,076,067 | ) | ||||||||
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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | (12 | ) | 229 | 7 | |||||||||||
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Total Comprehensive Loss | $ | (289,141 | ) | $ | (366,309 | ) | $ | (881,629 | ) | $ | (1,076,060 | ) | ||||
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Allocation of Consolidated Net Loss | ||||||||||||||||
Class A Shareholders | $ | (127,509 | ) | $ | (93,124 | ) | $ | (366,495 | ) | $ | (281,950 | ) | ||||
Noncontrolling interests | (161,632 | ) | (273,173 | ) | (515,363 | ) | (794,117 | ) | ||||||||
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$ | (289,141 | ) | $ | (366,297 | ) | $ | (881,858 | ) | $ | (1,076,067 | ) | |||||
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Allocation of Total Comprehensive Loss | ||||||||||||||||
Class A Shareholders | $ | (127,509 | ) | $ | (93,127 | ) | $ | (366,446 | ) | $ | (281,948 | ) | ||||
Noncontrolling interests | (161,632 | ) | (273,182 | ) | (515,183 | ) | (794,112 | ) | ||||||||
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$ | (289,141 | ) | $ | (366,309 | ) | $ | (881,629 | ) | $ | (1,076,060 | ) | |||||
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Net Loss Per Class A Share | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.89 | ) | $ | (0.93 | ) | $ | (2.58 | ) | $ | (2.87 | ) | ||||
Diluted | $ | (0.89 | ) | $ | (0.96 | ) | $ | (2.58 | ) | $ | (2.87 | ) | ||||
Weighted-Average Class A Shares Outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 143,477,776 | 99,673,186 | 142,036,892 | 98,074,223 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 143,477,776 | 399,566,891 | 142,036,892 | 98,074,223 | ||||||||||||
Dividends Paid per Class A Share | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.98 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY — UNAUDITED
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Shareholders’ Deficit Attributable to Class A Shareholders | Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | Total Shareholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Class A Shares | Number of Class B Shares | Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2011 | 139,341,965 | 274,286,008 | $ | 2,419,287 | $ | (2,776,374 | ) | $ | (49 | ) | $ | (357,136 | ) | $ | 989,501 | $ | 632,365 | |||||||||||||||
Capital contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | 445,892 | 445,892 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | (221,553 | ) | (221,553 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared on Class A Shares | — | — | — | (39,433 | ) | — | (39,433 | ) | — | (39,433 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend equivalents on Class A restricted share units | — | — | 1,086 | (1,086 | ) | — | — | — | (1) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 1,027,752 | — | 14,579 | — | — | 14,579 | 31,499 | 46,078 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units exchanged for Class A Shares | 3,110,996 | — | 656 | — | — | 656 | 1,242 | 1,898 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests | — | — | (13 | ) | — | — | (13 | ) | (45 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidation of joint venture | — | — | — | — | — | — | 304 | 304 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of amortization of Reorganization charges on capital | — | — | 387,115 | — | — | 387,115 | 808,220 | 1,195,335 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss | — | — | — | (366,495 | ) | 49 | (366,446 | ) | (515,183 | ) | (881,629 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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As of September 30, 2012 | 143,480,713 | 274,286,008 | $ | 2,822,710 | $ | (3,183,388 | ) | $ | — | $ | (360,678 | ) | $ | 1,539,877 | $ | 1,179,199 | ||||||||||||||||
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(1) | The dividend equivalents on Class A restricted share units impacted noncontrolling interests by increasing the paid-in capital component and a corresponding offsetting increase in the accumulated deficit component of noncontrolling interests, each by $2.3 million. |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — UNAUDITED
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
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Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||||||
Consolidated net loss | $ | (881,858 | ) | $ | (1,076,067 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
Reorganization expenses | 1,195,335 | 1,213,761 | ||||||
Amortization of equity-based compensation | 50,294 | 98,936 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 7,085 | 7,253 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 36,827 | 29,270 | ||||||
Operating cash flows due to changes in: | ||||||||
Income and fees receivable | 40,941 | 429,605 | ||||||
Due from related parties | 487 | (161 | ) | |||||
Other assets, net | 8,111 | 6,204 | ||||||
Assets of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | (631,547 | ) | (256,207 | ) | ||||
Due to related parties | (1,570 | ) | (17,450 | ) | ||||
Compensation payable | (92,952 | ) | (136,543 | ) | ||||
Other liabilities | 38,177 | (3,408 | ) | |||||
Liabilities of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 82,546 | 66,579 | ||||||
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Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities | (148,124 | ) | 361,772 | |||||
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||
Investments in joint ventures | (3,520 | ) | (2,315 | ) | ||||
Return of investments in joint ventures | 2,575 | 582 | ||||||
Purchases of fixed assets | (480 | ) | (1,782 | ) | ||||
Cash acquired on consolidation of joint venture | 299 | |||||||
Repayment of loan to joint venture partners | — | 1,750 | ||||||
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Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (1,126 | ) | (1,765 | ) | ||||
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 446,073 | 232,568 | ||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (221,553 | ) | (424,394 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from Delayed Draw Term Loan | 384,500 | — | ||||||
Repayments of debt obligations | (379,170 | ) | (6,281 | ) | ||||
Dividends on Class A Shares | (39,433 | ) | (94,887 | ) | ||||
Withholding taxes paid on vested Class A restricted share units | (4,216 | ) | (11,512 | ) | ||||
Principal payments under capital lease obligations | (629 | ) | (624 | ) | ||||
Distribution of deferred balances and related taxes to Mr. Och | — | (1,583 | ) | |||||
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Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities | 185,572 | (306,713 | ) | |||||
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Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 36,322 | 53,294 | ||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period | 149,011 | 117,577 | ||||||
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Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period | $ | 185,333 | $ | 170,871 | ||||
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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | ||||||||
Cash paid during the period: | ||||||||
Interest | $ | 3,870 | $ | 5,124 | ||||
Income taxes | $ | 9,916 | $ | 17,827 | ||||
Non-cash transactions: | ||||||||
In-kind distribution of deferred balances | $ | — | $ | 2,892 | ||||
Capital lease additions | $ | — | $ | 2,471 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
1. | OVERVIEW |
Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC (the “Registrant”), a Delaware limited liability company, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), is a global alternative asset management firm with offices in New York, London, Hong Kong, Beijing and Mumbai. The Company provides asset management services to its investment funds (the “Och-Ziff funds” or the “funds”), which pursue diverse investment opportunities globally.
The Och-Ziff funds seek to generate consistent, positive, absolute returns across market cycles, with low volatility compared to the equity markets. The Company’s assets under management are generally invested on a multi-strategy basis, across multiple geographies, although certain of the Company’s funds are focused on specific sectors, strategies or geographies. The primary investment strategies the Company employs in its funds are convertible and derivative arbitrage, corporate credit, long/short equity special situations, merger arbitrage, private investments and structured credit.
The Company’s primary sources of revenues are management fees, which are based on the amount of the Company’s assets under management, and incentive income, which is based on the investment performance of its funds. Accordingly, for any given period, the Company’s revenues will be driven by the combination of assets under management and the investment performance of the Och-Ziff funds.
The Company conducts substantially all of its operations through its one reportable segment, the Och-Ziff Funds segment, which provides asset management services to its hedge funds and other alternative investment vehicles. The Company’s Other Operations are primarily comprised of its real estate business, which provides asset management services to its real estate funds. The businesses included in the Company’s Other Operations do not meet the thresholds of reportable business segments under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
The Company generates substantially all of its revenues in the United States. The liability of the Company’s Class A Shareholders is limited to the extent of their capital contributions.
References to the Company’s “executive managing directors” refer to the current limited partners of OZ Management LP, OZ Advisors LP and OZ Advisors II LP (collectively with their consolidated subsidiaries, the “Och-Ziff Operating Group”) other than the Ziffs and the Company’s intermediate holding companies, and include the Company’s founder, Mr. Daniel S. Och, except where the context requires otherwise. References to the “Ziffs” refer collectively to Ziff Investors Partnership, L.P. II and certain of its affiliates and control persons. The Company conducts substantially all of its operations through the Och-Ziff Operating Group.
2. | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation
These unaudited, interim, consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s unaudited, interim, consolidated financial statements have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The results of operations presented for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year, primarily because of the majority of incentive income and discretionary cash bonuses being recorded in the fourth quarter each year. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-04,Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 provides clarifying guidance on how to measure fair value and requires additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements. The amendments, among other
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
things, prohibit the use of blockage factors at all levels of the fair value hierarchy, provide guidance on measuring financial instruments that are managed on a net portfolio basis, and clarify guidance on the application of premiums and discounts in measuring fair value. Additional disclosure requirements include the disclosure of transfers between Level I and Level II, a description of the valuation processes for Level III fair value measurements, as well as additional information regarding unobservable inputs affecting Level III measurements. The amendments were effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2012. The adoption of the new requirements in ASU 2011-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05,Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 requires entities to present the components of net income, the components of other comprehensive income and the total of comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Regardless of the option chosen, the entity is required to present items that are reclassified between net income and other comprehensive income on the face of the financial statements where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented. This amendment eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income solely within the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Deferralof the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, to defer the effective date for the requirement to present reclassification of items out of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement. Because of the deferral, entities would continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the requirements in effect before adoption of ASU 2011-05. The requirements of ASU 2011-05 and the deferral provided in ASU 2011-12 were effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-05 did not have any impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations, as ASU 2011-05 only changes the presentation of other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income. No changes were made to the existing guidance regarding which items are reported in other comprehensive income.
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08,Testing Goodwill for Impairment. ASU 2011-08 simplifies how entities test goodwill for impairment by permitting an entity to assess qualitative factors in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. ASU 2011-08 was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-08 did not have any impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Future Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11,Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. ASU 2011-11 requires entities to disclose both gross and net information about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either (i) offset in the balance sheet or (ii) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar arrangement, irrespective of whether they are offset in the balance sheet. In addition, ASU 2011-11 requires disclosure of collateral received and posted in connection with master netting agreements or similar arrangements. The requirements of ASU 2011-11 are effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2013. The adoption of ASU 2011-11 will not have any impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations, as ASU 2011-11 only affects disclosures about offsetting. No changes were made to the existing guidance on the offsetting of assets and liabilities in the Company’s balance sheet.
3. | REORGANIZATION EXPENSES AND OCH-ZIFF OPERATING GROUP OWNERSHIP |
On November 19, 2007, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 36.0 million Class A Shares and a private offering of approximately 38.1 million Class A Shares to DIC Sahir, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dubai International Capital LLC (collectively, the “2007 Offerings”). The Company used the net proceeds from the 2007 Offerings to acquire a 19.2% interest in the Och-Ziff Operating Group from the executive managing directors and the Ziffs, who collectively held all of the interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group prior to the 2007 Offerings.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Prior to the 2007 Offerings, the Company completed a reorganization of its business (“Reorganization”). As part of the Reorganization, interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group held by the executive managing directors and the Ziffs were reclassified as Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units and accounted for as a share-based payment. The Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units granted to the Ziffs and those units sold by the executive managing directors at the time of the 2007 Offerings were not subject to any substantive service or performance requirements; therefore, the fair value related to those units were recognized as a one-time charge at the time of the 2007 Offerings. The fair value of the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units that continued to be held by the executive managing directors after the 2007 Offerings is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite five-year service period following the 2007 Offerings. Once vested, these units may be exchanged for Class A Shares of the Registrant on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain transfer restrictions and minimum retained ownership requirements.
As of September 30, 2012, the Company’s interest in the Och-Ziff Operating Group had increased to approximately 32.8%. The increase in the Company’s interest in the Och-Ziff Operating Group was primarily driven by the issuance of 33,333,333 Class A Shares in a November 2011 public offering (the “2011 Offering”). Additionally, the exchange of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units for an equal number of Class A Shares and the issuance of Class A Shares under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, primarily related to the vesting of Class A restricted share units (“RSUs”), also have increased the Company’s interest in the Och-Ziff Operating Group since the IPO. The Company’s interest in the Och-Ziff Operating Group is expected to continue to increase over time as additional Class A Shares are issued upon the exchanges of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units and vesting of RSUs.
4. | FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES |
Fair value represents the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date (i.e., an exit price). Due to the inherent uncertainty of valuations of investments that are determined to be illiquid or do not have readily ascertainable fair values, the estimates of fair value may differ from the values ultimately realized, and those differences can be material.
GAAP prioritizes the level of market price observability used in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of assets and liabilities and the specific characteristics of the assets and liabilities. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively-quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into one of the following categories:
• | Level I –Fair value is determined using quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The types of assets and liabilities that would generally be included in this category are certain listed equities, sovereign debt of developed nations and listed derivatives. |
• | Level II –Fair value is determined using quotations received from dealers making a market for these assets or liabilities (“broker quotes”), valuations obtained from independent third-party pricing services, the use of models or other valuation methodologies based on pricing inputs that are either directly or indirectly market observable as of the measurement date. Consideration is given to the nature of the broker quotes (e.g., indicative or executable). Assets and liabilities for which executable broker quotes are significant inputs in determining the fair value of an asset or liability are included within Level II. The types of assets and liabilities that would generally be included in this category are certain corporate bonds, certain credit default swap contracts, certain bank debt securities, certain commercial real estate debt securities, less liquid and restricted equity securities, forward contracts and certain over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. |
• | Level III –Fair value is determined using pricing inputs that are unobservable in the market and includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. The fair value of assets and liabilities in this category may require significant judgment or estimation in determining fair value of the assets or liabilities. The fair value of these assets and liabilities may be estimated using a |
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
combination of observed transaction prices, independent pricing services, relevant broker quotes, models or other valuation methodologies based on pricing inputs that are neither directly or indirectly market observable. Assets and liabilities for which indicative broker quotes are significant inputs in determining the fair value of an asset or liability are included within Level III. The types of assets and liabilities that would generally be included in this category include equity and debt securities issued by private entities, limited partnerships, certain corporate bonds, certain credit default swap contracts, certain bank debt securities, certain commercial real estate debt securities, certain OTC derivatives, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations. |
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Fair Value Measurements Categorized within the Fair Value Hierarchy
The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the fair value hierarchy:
As of September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Level I | Level II | Level III | Counterparty Netting of Derivative Contracts | Total | ||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 464,783 | $ | — | $ | 464,783 | ||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 1,357 | — | 228,237 | — | 229,594 | |||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | — | — | 200,357 | — | 200,357 | |||||||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | — | — | 153,213 | — | 153,213 | |||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | — | — | 126,991 | — | 126,991 | |||||||||||||||
Investments in affiliated funds | — | — | 71,815 | — | 71,815 | |||||||||||||||
Common and preferred stock | — | — | 51,988 | — | 51,988 | |||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 48,173 | — | 48,173 | |||||||||||||||
United States government obligations | 16,506 | — | — | — | 16,506 | |||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | — | — | 13,584 | — | 13,584 | |||||||||||||||
Other investments | 7 | 7 | 4,517 | (20 | ) | 4,511 | ||||||||||||||
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Financial Assets, at Fair Value, Included Within Investments, at Fair Value | $ | 17,870 | $ | 7 | $ | 1,363,658 | $ | (20 | ) | $ | 1,381,515 | |||||||||
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Financial Liabilities, at Fair Value, Included Within Other Liabilities of Och-Ziff Funds | $ | 2,232 | $ | 33 | $ | 1,442 | $ | (20 | ) | $ | 3,687 | |||||||||
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As of December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Level I | Level II | Level III | Counterparty Netting of Derivative Contracts | Total | ||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 352,218 | $ | — | $ | 352,218 | ||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 291 | — | 147,426 | — | 147,717 | |||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | — | — | 44,060 | — | 44,060 | |||||||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | — | — | 100,827 | — | 100,827 | |||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | — | — | 38,240 | — | 38,240 | |||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 27,256 | — | 27,256 | |||||||||||||||
United States government obligations | 15,069 | — | — | — | 15,069 | |||||||||||||||
Other investments | 95 | 361 | 3,542 | (233 | ) | 3,765 | ||||||||||||||
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Financial Assets, at Fair Value, Included Within Investments, at Fair Value | $ | 15,455 | $ | 361 | $ | 713,569 | $ | (233 | ) | $ | 729,152 | |||||||||
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Financial Liabilities, at Fair Value, Included Within Other Liabilities of Och-Ziff Funds | $ | 362 | $ | 4 | $ | 657 | $ | (233 | ) | $ | 790 | |||||||||
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
The Company assumes that any transfers between Level I, Level II or Level III during the period occur at the beginning of the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, there were no transfers between Level I, Level II or Level III assets or liabilities.
Reconciliation of Fair Value Measurements Categorized within Level III
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s Level III assets and liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2012:
Balance as of June 30, 2012 | Investment Purchases | Investment Sales | Derivative Settlements | Net Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds | Balance as of September 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | 440,824 | $ | 27,734 | $ | (13,332 | ) | $ | — | $ | 9,557 | $ | 464,783 | |||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 177,236 | 71,061 | (31,414 | ) | — | 11,354 | 228,237 | |||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | 132,212 | 65,817 | (12,809 | ) | — | 15,137 | 200,357 | |||||||||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | 141,172 | 4,518 | — | — | 7,523 | 153,213 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | 46,469 | 78,988 | (557 | ) | — | 2,091 | 126,991 | |||||||||||||||||
Investments in affiliated funds | 33,707 | 49,274 | (19,744 | ) | — | 8,578 | 71,815 | |||||||||||||||||
Common and preferred stock | 29,964 | 20,875 | — | — | 1,149 | 51,988 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 49,047 | 465 | (3,953 | ) | — | 2,614 | 48,173 | |||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | — | 14,910 | (1,118 | ) | — | (208 | ) | 13,584 | ||||||||||||||||
Other investments (including derivatives, net) | 4,949 | 4 | (3,292 | ) | 72 | 1,342 | 3,075 | |||||||||||||||||
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Total, at Fair Value | $ | 1,055,580 | $ | 333,646 | $ | (86,219 | ) | $ | 72 | $ | 59,137 | $ | 1,362,216 | |||||||||||
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The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s Level III assets and liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2011:
Balance as of June 30, 2011 | Investment Purchases | Investment Sales and Collection of Deferred Balances | Derivative Settlements | Net Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds | Balance as of September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | 302,885 | $ | 37,722 | $ | (3,506 | ) | $ | — | $ | 196 | $ | 337,297 | |||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 86,475 | 73,094 | (23,761 | ) | — | (3,364 | ) | 132,444 | ||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | 38,326 | 12,431 | (4,923 | ) | — | (4,732 | ) | 41,102 | ||||||||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | 90,268 | 8,038 | — | — | (5,906 | ) | 92,400 | |||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | 28,622 | 3,482 | (8,307 | ) | — | (424 | ) | 23,373 | ||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 19,799 | 1,164 | (2,967 | ) | — | 832 | 18,828 | |||||||||||||||||
Other investments (including derivatives, net) | 3,791 | — | — | (825 | ) | (252 | ) | 2,714 | ||||||||||||||||
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Total, at Fair Value | $ | 570,166 | $ | 135,931 | $ | (43,464 | ) | $ | (825 | ) | $ | (13,650 | ) | $ | 648,158 | |||||||||
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Deferred Balances, at Fair Value | $ | 2,892 | $ | — | $ | (2,892 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
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The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s Level III assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2012:
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | Investment Purchases | Investment Sales | Derivative Settlements | Net Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds | Balance as of September 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | 352,218 | $ | 127,792 | $ | (34,669 | ) | $ | — | $ | 19,442 | $ | 464,783 | |||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 147,426 | 246,724 | (190,634 | ) | — | 24,721 | 228,237 | |||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | 44,060 | 162,966 | (36,153 | ) | — | 29,484 | 200,357 | |||||||||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | 100,827 | 6,396 | (3,777 | ) | — | 49,767 | 153,213 | |||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | 38,240 | 100,623 | (16,754 | ) | — | 4,882 | 126,991 | |||||||||||||||||
Investments in affiliated funds | — | 80,799 | (19,744 | ) | — | 10,760 | 71,815 | |||||||||||||||||
Common and preferred stock | — | 50,450 | — | — | 1,538 | 51,988 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 27,256 | 31,686 | (15,051 | ) | — | 4,282 | 48,173 | |||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | — | 14,910 | (1,118 | ) | — | (208 | ) | 13,584 | ||||||||||||||||
Other investments (including derivatives, net) | 2,885 | 4,209 | (3,292 | ) | (2,891 | ) | 2,164 | 3,075 | ||||||||||||||||
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Total, at Fair Value | $ | 712,912 | $ | 826,555 | $ | (321,192 | ) | $ | (2,891 | ) | $ | 146,832 | $ | 1,362,216 | ||||||||||
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s Level III assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2011:
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | Investment Purchases | Investment Sales and Collection of Deferred Balances | Derivative Settlements | Net Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds | Balance as of September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | 288,444 | $ | 69,083 | $ | (21,406 | ) | $ | — | $ | 1,176 | $ | 337,297 | |||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 40,707 | 173,008 | (77,662 | ) | — | (3,609 | ) | 132,444 | ||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | 10,405 | 51,981 | (18,190 | ) | — | (3,094 | ) | 41,102 | ||||||||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | 49,870 | 50,767 | — | — | (8,237 | ) | 92,400 | |||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | 13,516 | 18,457 | (18,381 | ) | — | 9,781 | 23,373 | |||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 15,604 | 15,288 | (14,722 | ) | — | 2,658 | 18,828 | |||||||||||||||||
Other investments (including derivatives, net) | 478 | 2,589 | — | (375 | ) | 22 | 2,714 | |||||||||||||||||
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Total, at Fair Value | $ | 419,024 | $ | 381,173 | $ | (150,361 | ) | $ | (375 | ) | $ | (1,303 | ) | $ | 648,158 | |||||||||
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Deferred Balances, at Fair Value | $ | 2,913 | $ | — | $ | (2,913 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
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The table below summarizes the net change in unrealized gains (losses) on the Company’s Level III investments held as of the reporting date. These gains and losses are included within net gains of consolidated Och-Ziff funds in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Real estate investments | $ | 51,198 | $ | 1,470 | $ | 64,980 | $ | 5,771 | ||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 6,223 | (4,865 | ) | 10,075 | (9,071 | ) | ||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations | 16,615 | (5,309 | ) | 19,820 | (5,125 | ) | ||||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | 7,522 | (5,906 | ) | 48,739 | (8,237 | ) | ||||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | 1,773 | (4,132 | ) | (3,277 | ) | 1,700 | ||||||||||
Investments in affiliated funds | 7,124 | — | 7,973 | — | ||||||||||||
Common and preferred stock | 1,149 | — | 1,538 | — | ||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 2,382 | (362 | ) | 3,835 | 987 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | (155 | ) | — | (155 | ) | — | ||||||||||
Other investments (including derivatives, net) | 852 | (899 | ) | 1,591 | (856 | ) | ||||||||||
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Total | $ | 94,683 | $ | (20,003 | ) | $ | 155,119 | $ | (14,831 | ) | ||||||
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Valuation Methodologies for Fair Value Measurements Categorized within Levels II and III
Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments include equity, preferred equity, mezzanine debt, and participating debt in entities domiciled primarily in the United States. The fair values of these investments are generally based upon discounting the expected cash flows from the investment or a cash flow multiple. In reaching the determination of fair value for investments, the Company considers many factors including, but not limited to, the operating cash flows and financial performance of the real estate investments relative to budgets or projections, property types, geographic locations, the physical condition of the asset, prevailing market capitalization rates, prevailing market discount rates, general economic conditions, economic conditions specific to the market in which the assets are located, the prevailing interest rate environment, the prevailing state of the debt markets, comparable public company trading multiples, independent third-party appraisals, available pricing data on comparable properties in the specific market in which the asset is located, expected exit timing and strategy and any specific rights or terms associated with the investment.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s real estate investments are discount rates, cash flow growth rates, exit capitalization rates, absorption percentage per year, loss factor and inflation factor. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rates, exit capitalization rates and loss factor in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the cash flow growth rates, absorption percentage per year, inflation factor and cash flow multiple in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Residential and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities; Asset-Backed Securities; Collateralized Debt Obligations; Common and Preferred Stock
The fair value of investments in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations, and common and preferred stock that do not have readily ascertainable fair values is generally determined using broker quotes, or at cost for recent transactions. If broker quotes are not available or deemed unreliable, fair value may be determined using independent pricing services or cash flow models. Market data is used to the extent that it is observable and considered reliable.
Energy and Natural Resources Limited Partnerships
The fair value of energy and natural resources limited partnerships are generally determined using discounted cash flows when assets are producing oil or gas, or when it is reasonably certain that an asset will be capable of producing oil or gas. Acreage with proven undeveloped, probable or possible reserves are valued using prevailing prices of comparable properties, and may include adjustments for other assets or liabilities such as seismic data, equipment, or cash on hand. Additionally, certain natural resource assets may be valued based on recent financings or based on the fair value of certain underlying publicly traded securities held by an investee, adjusted for lack of marketability.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s energy and natural resources limited partnerships are discount rates, discounts to commodity strip prices and differentials, probability of reserves, discount for lack of marketability and capital investments, including acreage values. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rates, discounts to commodity strip prices and differentials, and discount for lack of marketability in isolation would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in probability of reserves or per acre values in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Commercial Real Estate Debt Securities
The fair value of commercial real estate debt securities is generally determined using broker quotes or as determined in good faith with observable market inputs or other third party inputs, where available. The methods and procedures to value these investments may include, but are not limited to: (i) performing comparisons with prices of comparable or similar securities; (ii) obtaining valuation-related information from the issuers; (iii) calculating the present value of future cash flows; (iv) assessing other analytical data and information relating to the investment that is an indication of value; (v) obtaining information provided by third parties; (vi) reviewing the amounts invested in these investments; and (vii) evaluating financial information provided by the management of these investments. Inputs utilized to determine fair value when the above methods are used include, but are not limited to, the following: broker quotes, discount rates, loan-to-value ratios, revenue growth rates, comparability adjustments and correlations of certain of these inputs.
Significant increases (decreases) in discount rates and loan-to-value ratios in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in revenue growth rates, and comparability adjustments in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumptions used for discount rates is accompanied by a directionally similar change in loan-to-value ratios.
Investments in Affiliated Funds
The fair value of investments in affiliated funds relates to consolidated feeder funds’ investments into their related master funds. The Company is not an investor of the feeder funds or the master funds. The fair value of these investments is based on the consolidated feeder funds’ proportionate share of the respective master funds’ net asset value. The master funds invest primarily in credit-related strategies.
Information about Significant Inputs Used in Fair Value Measurements Categorized within Level III
The table below summarizes information about the significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of the Level III assets and liabilities held by the consolidated funds. Level III investments not presented in the
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
table below generally do not have any unobservable inputs to disclose, as they are valued primarily using broker quotes, at cost for recent transactions or net asset value for investments in affiliated funds. These assets and liabilities belong to the investors in the consolidated funds and the Company has minimal, if any, investments in such funds.
Type of Investment | Fair Value at September 30, 2012 (in thousands) | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | ||||||
Real estate investments | $ | 400,662 | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 8% - 40% | |||||
Cash flow growth rate | 0% - 20% | |||||||||
Capitalization rate | 8% - 10% | |||||||||
Absorption percentage per year | 6% - 13% | |||||||||
Loss factor | 0% - 15% | |||||||||
Inflation factor | 0% - 3% | |||||||||
61,250 | Comparable companies | Cash flow multiple | 15.4x | |||||||
2,871 | At cost for recent transactions | n/a | n/a | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
$ | 464,783 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
Energy and natural resources limited partnerships | $ | 3,816 | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 15% | |||||
Discount to commodity strip prices | 3% - 10% | |||||||||
Probability of reserves | 0% - 100% | |||||||||
Discount to differentials | 10% | |||||||||
94,286 | Analysis of publicly traded securities held by investee company | Discount for lack of marketability | 0% - 20% | |||||||
55,111 | Recent financings and cash held by investee | n/a | n/a | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
$ | 153,213 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
Commercial real estate debt securities | $ | 15,973 | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 8% | |||||
4,561 | Comparable companies | Loan-to-value ratio | 60% - 75% | |||||||
Revenue growth rate | 2% - 6% | |||||||||
106,457 | Broker quotes or at cost for recent transactions | n/a | n/a | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
$ | 126,991 | |||||||||
|
|
Valuation Process for Fair Value Measurements Categorized within Level III
The Company has established an internal control infrastructure over the valuation of financial instruments that requires ongoing oversight by its Financial Control Group, as well as periodic audits by the Company’s Internal Audit Group. These management control functions are segregated from the trading and investing functions. The Company has also established a Valuation Committee, comprised of non-investment professionals, that is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the pricing of the funds’ investments and performing periodic due diligence reviews of independent pricing services. The Valuation Committee may obtain input from investment professionals for consideration in carrying out its responsibilities.
The Company employs resources to help ensure that its Financial Control and Internal Audit Groups are able to function at an appropriate quality level. The Company considers the segregation of duties within its internal control infrastructure. Specifically, the Financial Control Group is responsible for establishing and monitoring compliance with valuation policies. The Internal Audit Group employs a risk-based program of audit coverage that is designed to provide an independent assessment of the design and effectiveness of controls over the Company’s operations, regulatory compliance, valuation of financial instruments and reporting, as well as reporting compliance with these controls to the Company’s Audit Committee. Additionally, the Internal Audit Group meets with management periodically to evaluate and provide guidance on the existing risk framework and control environment assessments. Within the trading and investing functions, the Company has established policies and procedures that relate to the approval of all new transaction types, transaction pricing sources and fair value hierarchy coding within the financial reporting system.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
The analysis used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments is generally related to the level of observable pricing inputs. For Level III inputs that are less observable, to the extent possible, procedures have been established to discuss the valuation methodology, including pricing techniques, with senior management of the trading and investing functions, to compare the inputs to observable inputs for similar positions, to review subsequent secondary market activities and to perform comparisons of actual versus projected cash flows. The Company reviews a daily profit and loss report, as well as other periodic reports, and analyzes material changes from period-to-period in the valuation of investments. The Company also performs back testing on a regular basis by comparing prices observed in executed transactions to previous valuations. Pricing services may be used regularly to verify that the Company’s internal valuations are reasonable.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
Management estimates that the fair value of the Delayed Draw Term Loan (as defined in Note 7) was approximately 90% of its carrying value as of September 30, 2012, based on an analysis of comparable issuers. Management believes that the carrying values of all other financial instruments presented in the consolidated balance sheets approximate their fair value generally due to their short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These fair value measurements would be categorized as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
5. | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES |
In the ordinary course of business, the Company sponsors the formation of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). These VIEs are primarily funds in which the Company serves as the general partner or the investment manager with decision-making rights. VIEs consolidated by the Company are primarily funds in which either kick-out rights or liquidation rights were not granted to the investors in the funds, or these rights, if granted, were deemed not to be substantive.
The Company’s involvement with funds that are VIEs that are not consolidated is generally limited to providing asset management services. The Company’s exposure to loss from these entities is limited to a decrease in the management fees and incentive income that may be earned in future periods. The net assets of these VIEs were $27.0 billion and $25.6 billion as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The Company does not provide, nor is it required to provide, any type of financial or other support to these entities. The Company’s variable interests related to these VIEs relate primarily to management fees and incentive income earned from the VIEs. As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the only assets related to these variable interests related to income and fees receivable of $22.0 million and $45.6 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2012, the Company holds a variable interest in a joint venture that is a VIE. During the third quarter of 2012, the Company consolidated a separate joint venture previously considered a VIE and that was not previously consolidated. The consolidation of this joint venture was a result of acquiring certain interests formerly held by the joint venture partner. The Company’s exposure to loss for joint ventures considered VIEs is limited to its investments in these entities, which totaled $5.4 million and $4.8 million as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and are recorded within other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company has not recorded any liabilities with respect to VIEs not consolidated.
Substantially all of the funds managed by the Company qualify for the deferral under ASU 2010-10,Amendments to Statement 167 for Certain Investment Funds. Accordingly, the Company’s determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is generally based on an analysis of which variable interest holder of a VIE is exposed to the majority of the expected losses or receives a majority of the expected residual returns. Fund investors are entitled to substantially all of the economics of these VIEs with the exception of the management fee and incentive income, if any, earned by the Company. Accordingly, the Company’s determination of the primary beneficiary is not impacted by changes in the underlying assumptions made regarding future results or expected cash flows of these VIEs.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
The following table presents the assets and liabilities of funds that are VIEs and consolidated by the Company:
September 30, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
Assets | ||||||||
Assets of consolidated Och-Ziff funds: | ||||||||
Investments, at fair value | $ | 522,323 | $ | 313,345 | ||||
Other assets of Och-Ziff funds | 11,411 | 9,321 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Assets | $ | 533,734 | $ | 322,666 | ||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Liabilities | ||||||||
Liabilities of consolidated Och-Ziff funds: | ||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 61,127 | $ | 57,763 | ||||
Other liabilities of Och-Ziff funds | 12,018 | 909 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Liabilities | $ | 73,145 | $ | 58,672 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The assets presented in the table above belong to the investors in those funds, are available for use only by the fund to which they belong, and are not available for use by the Company. The consolidated funds have no recourse to the general credit of the Company with respect to any liability. The Company also consolidates funds that are not VIEs, and therefore the assets and liabilities of those funds are not included in the table above.
6. | OTHER ASSETS AND OTHER LIABILITIES |
Other Assets, Net
The following table presents the components of other assets, net as reported in the consolidated balance sheets:
September 30, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
Fixed Assets: | ||||||||
Corporate aircraft | $ | 22,600 | $ | 22,600 | ||||
Leasehold improvements | 20,390 | 20,325 | ||||||
Computer hardware and software | 19,468 | 21,125 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 2,754 | 2,814 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (44,664 | ) | (40,272 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Fixed assets, net | 20,548 | 26,592 | ||||||
Goodwill | 22,691 | 22,691 | ||||||
Refundable security deposits | 5,763 | 5,165 | ||||||
Investments in joint ventures | 5,395 | 4,848 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses | 4,484 | 9,878 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net | 3,047 | 3,609 | ||||||
Current income tax receivable | 1,831 | 3,467 | ||||||
Investments in Och-Ziff funds | 1,185 | 552 | ||||||
Other | 2,213 | 3,038 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Other Assets, Net | $ | 67,157 | $ | 79,840 | ||||
|
|
|
|
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Other Liabilities
The following table presents the components of other liabilities as reported in the consolidated balance sheets:
September 30, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
Deferred income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | $ | 65,612 | $ | 26,735 | ||||
Accrued expenses | 15,121 | 12,009 | ||||||
Deferred rent credit | 14,194 | 14,538 | ||||||
Capital lease obligations | 1,014 | 1,643 | ||||||
Current income taxes payable | 270 | 2,720 | ||||||
Other | 659 | 865 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Other Liabilities | $ | 96,870 | $ | 58,510 | ||||
|
|
|
|
7. | DEBT OBLIGATIONS |
The following table presents the Company’s indebtedness outstanding as reported in its consolidated balance sheets:
September 30, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
Delayed Draw Term Loan | $ | 389,015 | $ | 6,484 | ||||
2007 Term Loan | — | 366,519 | ||||||
Aircraft loan | — | 10,682 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Debt Obligations | $ | 389,015 | $ | 383,685 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The following table presents the Company’s scheduled principal repayments and maturities for its indebtedness outstanding as of September 30, 2012:
Principal Repayments | ||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||
Remainder of 2012 | $ | 973 | ||
2013 | 3,866 | |||
2014 | 3,827 | |||
2015 | 3,789 | |||
2016 | 376,560 | |||
|
| |||
Total Principal Repayments | $ | 389,015 | ||
|
|
In June 2012, the Company refinanced the indebtedness outstanding under its term loan entered into in connection with the 2007 Offerings (the “2007 Term Loan”), as well as the indebtedness outstanding under its aircraft loan. These refinancings were funded through a borrowing under a delayed draw term loan agreement entered into in November 2011 (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan”). A $6.5 million borrowing under the facility was made in November 2011 to fund a portion of the 2007 Term Loan repurchased and retired in connection with the 2011 Offering that was not funded by the net proceeds from the offering. An additional $384.5 million borrowing was made in June 2012 to refinance the remaining indebtedness outstanding under the 2007 Term Loan and the indebtedness outstanding under the aircraft loan.
Borrowings under the Delayed Draw Term Loan are payable in quarterly installments equal to 0.25% of the amount outstanding on the last day of each quarter, and the balance will be payable upon maturity on November 23, 2016. Any amounts borrowed under the facility and subsequently repaid may not be re-borrowed. Amounts borrowed bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.50%, or a base rate plus 0.50%, and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all assets of the Och-Ziff Operating Group.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
The Delayed Draw Term Loan includes two financial maintenance covenants. The first prohibits total assets under management as of the last day of any fiscal quarter to be less than $17.5 billion for two successive quarters, and the second prohibits the “economic income leverage ratio” (as defined in the credit agreement) as of the last day of any fiscal quarter from exceeding 4.0 to 1.0. The Delayed Draw Term Loan allows a limited right to cure an event of default resulting from noncompliance with the economic income leverage ratio test with an equity contribution made to the borrower, OZ Management. Such cure right may not be used more than two times in any four-quarter period or more than three times during the term of the facility. As of September 30, 2012, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
The Delayed Draw Term Loan includes provisions that restrict or limit the ability of the Och-Ziff Operating Group from:
• | Incurring further secured indebtedness or issuing certain equity interests. |
• | Creating liens. |
• | Paying dividends in excess of free cash flow (as defined below) or making certain other payments. |
• | Merging, consolidating, selling or otherwise disposing of all or part of its assets. |
• | Engaging in certain transactions with shareholders or affiliates. |
• | Engaging in a substantially different line of business. |
• | Amending its organizational documents in a manner materially adverse to the lenders. |
The Delayed Draw Term Loan permits the Och-Ziff Operating Group to incur up to $150 million of unsecured indebtedness and additional unsecured indebtedness so long as, after giving effect to the incurrence of such indebtedness, it is in compliance with an economic income leverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) of 4.0 to 1.0 and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. As of September 30, 2012, the Och-Ziff Operating Group had not incurred any unsecured indebtedness. The Company will not be permitted to make distributions from the Och-Ziff Operating Group to its Class A Shareholders or the holders of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units if it is in default under the Delayed Draw Term Loan.
The Delayed Draw Term Loan also limits the amount of distributions the Och-Ziff Operating Group can pay in a 12-month period to its “free cash flow.” Free cash flow for any period includes the combined net income or loss of the Och-Ziff Operating Group, excluding certain subsidiaries, subject to certain additions and deductions for taxes, interest, depreciation, amortization and other non-cash charges for such period, less total interest paid, expenses in connection with the purchase of property and equipment, distributions to equity holders to pay taxes, plus (or minus) realized gains (or losses) on investments and dividends and interest from investments. As of September 30, 2012, distributions from the Och-Ziff Operating Group were in compliance with the free cash flow covenant.
8. | PARTNER INCENTIVE PLAN |
In August 2012, upon the recommendation and approval of the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), the Board approved The Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC 2012 Partner Incentive Plan (the “PIP”) in order to further the retention of its executive managing directors as described in more detail below.
Transfer Restrictions
In August 2012, the Company’s executive managing directors approved new transfer restrictions that will generally limit their ability to transfer or exchange their Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units. In 2013 and 2014, these transfer restrictions will allow the Company’s executive managing directors, including those who were executive managing directors at the time of the Company’s IPO in 2007 (the “Pre-IPO Partners”) to exchange Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units representing up to 10% of their vested partnership interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group per year (determined on a cumulative basis) and to sell any resulting Class A Shares with the approval of the Exchange Committee. In 2015, the Exchange Committee will determine in its sole discretion whether to allow any additional exchanges of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units by any of the Company’s executive managing directors for each year from 2015 through 2017, provided that such exchanges will generally not exceed 10% of an executive managing director’s vested partnership interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group per year (determined on a cumulative basis). Prior to the adoption of these modifications, the Company’s executive managing directors would have been entitled to exchange up to 75% of their vested Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units and sell the resultant Class A Shares.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
In consideration of the Company’s executive managing directors becoming subject to these transfer restrictions and reflective of the Pre-IPO Partners’ commitment to the Company, the Board adopted the PIP. Mr. Och will not participate in the PIP, but will continue to participate in the Company’s profits solely through distributions from his existing equity ownership stake.
Summary of the Partner Incentive Plan
Under the terms of the PIP, participating executive managing directors (the “Eligible Pre-IPO Partners”) may be eligible to receive discretionary grants of annual performance awards (“Performance Awards”) over a five-year period commencing in 2013. Performance Awards may be satisfied in Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units (“Performance Unit Awards”) and may also be satisfied in cash (“Performance Cash Awards”). All Performance Awards will be conditionally granted subject to compliance with each Eligible Pre-IPO Partner’s non-compete obligations. Each Eligible Pre-IPO Partner’s Performance Unit Awards and the after-tax portion of his Performance Cash Awards in respect of two prior years may be clawed back pursuant to the terms of the PIP if he breaches such non-compete obligations.
If an Eligible Pre-IPO Partner ceases, for any reason, to be a limited partner of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities prior to the end of any year, such Eligible Pre-IPO Partner will not be eligible to receive any Performance Awards with respect to such year or any subsequent year. If one of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners currently on the Partner Management Committee ceases to be a limited partner of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities, the amount of the Performance Awards that such Eligible Pre-IPO Partner would otherwise have been eligible to receive will not be available for reallocation to the remaining Eligible Pre-IPO Partners. As a result, the maximum aggregate amounts of cash and Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units that are available for Performance Awards as described below will be reduced accordingly. If one of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners not currently on the Partner Management Committee ceases to be a limited partner of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities for any reason, the amount of the Performance Awards that such Eligible Pre-IPO Partner would otherwise have been eligible to receive will be available for reallocation to the remaining Eligible Pre-IPO Partners not currently on the Partner Management Committee.
Whether any Performance Award is awarded to any Eligible Pre-IPO Partner in a particular year, and the amount of such awards, shall be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board in its sole discretion, based on recommendations from Mr. Och for that year.
Performance Unit Awards
The Eligible Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, may be granted an aggregate of up to 3,628,907 Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units per year. Any such awards of Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units will be made pursuant to the Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan or a successor plan. The Performance Unit Awards will be conditionally vested when awarded, and subject to minimum retained ownership requirements and the transfer restrictions discussed above. In the aggregate, the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners collectively may receive up to 18,144,535 Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units over the five-year period if a determination is made each year to award the maximum number of Performance Unit Awards to all of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners.
Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units are not considered equity for GAAP purposes, and therefore distributions made to holders of these units are recognized within compensation and benefits in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units receive distributions on a pro rata basis with the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units, which are held by the Company’s executive managing directors and the Ziffs, and the Och-Ziff Operating Group B Units, which are held by the Company’s intermediate holding companies. As discussed in the Company’s Annual Report, an Och-Ziff Operating Group D Unit automatically converts into an Och-Ziff Operating Group A Unit to the extent the Company determines that it has become economically equivalent to an Och-Ziff Operating Group A Unit, at which point it is considered a grant of equity-based compensation for GAAP purposes.
Performance Cash Awards
The Eligible Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, may also be eligible to receive discretionary annual Performance Cash Awards if the Company earns incentive income in the relevant year. The maximum aggregate amount of Performance Cash Awards for each year will be capped at 10% of the Company’s incentive income earned during that year, up to a maximum of $52.4 million. The Eligible
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, may receive Performance Cash Awards in a maximum aggregate amount of $262.0 million over the five-year period if the Company earns enough incentive income each year and if a determination is made each year to award the maximum amount of Performance Cash Awards to all of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners.
9. | GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND OTHER |
The following table presents the components of general, administrative and other expenses as reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Occupancy and equipment | $ | 6,869 | $ | 6,731 | $ | 20,620 | $ | 20,833 | ||||||||
Professional services | 7,538 | 4,854 | 19,168 | 15,660 | ||||||||||||
Information processing and communications | 4,312 | 4,044 | 14,197 | 12,229 | ||||||||||||
Business development | 2,033 | 1,856 | 6,748 | 5,957 | ||||||||||||
Insurance | 1,919 | 1,800 | 5,738 | 5,312 | ||||||||||||
Other expenses | 9,490 | 8,332 | 26,941 | 19,895 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
32,161 | 27,617 | 93,412 | 79,886 | |||||||||||||
Changes in tax receivable agreement liability | (1,519 | ) | (16,512 | ) | (1,570 | ) | (16,357 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Total General, Administrative and Other | $ | 30,642 | $ | 11,105 | $ | 91,842 | $ | 63,529 | ||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10. | INCOME TAXES |
The computation of the effective tax rate and provision at each interim period requires the use of certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent differences, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets existing as of the balance sheet date. The estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or as tax laws and regulations change. Additionally, the Company records the majority of its incentive income and discretionary cash bonuses in the fourth quarter each year. Accordingly, the effective tax rate for interim periods is not indicative of the tax rate expected for a full year.
The Registrant and each of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Due to the Company’s legal structure, only a portion of the income earned by the Company is subject to corporate-level tax rates in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions.
The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and local taxes in the United States and foreign taxes at an approximate effective tax rate of -7.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, and -5.5% and -4.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The reconciling items from the Company’s statutory rate to the effective tax rate were driven primarily by the following: (i) a portion of the income earned by the Company is not subject to federal, state and local corporate income taxes in the United States; (ii) a portion of the income earned by the Company is subject to the New York City unincorporated business tax; (iii) certain foreign subsidiaries are subject to foreign corporate income taxes; and (iv) the Reorganization expenses related to the reclassification of the executive managing directors’ and the Ziffs’ interests as Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units are not deductible for tax purposes.
As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company was not required to establish a liability for uncertain tax positions.
20
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
11. | NET LOSS PER CLASS A SHARE |
Basic net loss per Class A Share is computed by dividing the net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders by the weighted-average number of Class A Shares outstanding for the period. For the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company included RSUs of 974,989 and 660,500, respectively, that have vested but have not been settled in Class A Shares in the weighted-average Class A Shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per Class A Share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company included RSUs of 1,031,288 and 831,135, respectively, that have vested but have not been settled in Class A Shares in the weighted-average Class A Shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per Class A Share.
The following tables present the computation of basic and diluted net loss per Class A Share:
Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders | Weighted- Average Class A Shares Outstanding | Net Loss Per Class A Share | Number of Antidilutive Units Excluded from Diluted Calculation | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (127,509 | ) | 143,477,776 | $ | (0.89 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | — | — | 294,186,978 | |||||||||||||
Class A Restricted Share Units | — | — | 8,505,301 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | (127,509 | ) | 143,477,776 | $ | (0.89 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||
Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders | Weighted- Average Class A Shares Outstanding | Net Loss Per Class A Share | Number of Antidilutive Units Excluded from Diluted Calculation | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (93,124 | ) | 99,673,186 | $ | (0.93 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | (291,742 | ) | 299,893,705 | — | ||||||||||||
Class A Restricted Share Units | — | — | 11,612,784 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | (384,866 | ) | 399,566,891 | $ | (0.96 | ) | |||||||||
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|
|
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders | Weighted- Average Class A Shares Outstanding | Net Loss Per Class A Share | Number of Antidilutive Units Excluded from Diluted Calculation | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (366,495 | ) | 142,036,892 | $ | (2.58 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | — | — | 294,186,978 | |||||||||||||
Class A Restricted Share Units | — | — | 8,505,301 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | (366,495 | ) | 142,036,892 | $ | (2.58 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders | Weighted- Average Class A Shares Outstanding | Net Loss Per Class A Share | Number of Antidilutive Units Excluded from Diluted Calculation | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (281,950 | ) | 98,074,223 | $ | (2.87 | ) | |||||||||
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| |||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | — | — | 298,871,515 | |||||||||||||
Class A Restricted Share Units | — | — | 11,612,784 | |||||||||||||
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Diluted | $ | (281,950 | ) | 98,074,223 | $ | (2.87 | ) | |||||||||
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12. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
Due to Related Parties
Amounts due to related parties relate to future payments owed to the Company’s executive managing directors and the Ziffs under the tax receivable agreement. As further discussed in Note 13, the Company entered into an agreement with the executive managing directors and the Ziffs, whereby the Company would pay them a portion of any tax savings resulting from the purchase of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units at the time of the 2007 Offerings or as a result of any subsequent exchanges of their interests for Class A Shares.
Management Fees and Incentive Income Earned from the Och-Ziff Funds
The Company earns substantially all of its management fees and incentive income from the Och-Ziff funds, which are considered related parties as the Company manages the operations of and makes investment decisions for these funds. Management fees related to the real estate funds included within the Company’s Other Operations are collected directly from the investors in those funds, and therefore are not considered revenues earned from related parties.
Management Fees and Incentive Income Earned from Related Parties and Waived Fees
Prior to the 2007 Offerings, the Company did not charge management fees or earn incentive income on investments made by the Company’s executive managing directors, employees and other related parties. Following the 2007 Offerings, the Company began charging management fees and earning incentive income on new investments made in the funds by executive managing directors and certain other related parties, including the reinvestment by executive managing directors of the after-tax proceeds from the 2007 Offerings. The Company continues to waive fees for employee investments in the funds.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
The following table presents management fees and incentive income charged on investments held by related parties and amounts waived by the Company for related parties:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Fees charged on investments held by related parties: | ||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 6,734 | $ | 5,947 | $ | 19,135 | $ | 18,700 | ||||||||
Incentive income | $ | 502 | $ | 472 | $ | 1,140 | $ | 1,815 | ||||||||
Fees waived on investments held by related parties: | ||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 3,277 | $ | 3,456 | $ | 9,726 | $ | 10,274 |
Corporate Aircraft
The Company’s corporate aircraft is used primarily for business purposes. From time to time, Mr. Och uses the aircraft for personal use. For the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company charged Mr. Och $149 thousand and $137 thousand, respectively, based on market rates for his personal use of the aircraft. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company charged Mr. Och $359 thousand and $700 thousand, respectively, for his personal use of the aircraft.
13. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
Tax Receivable Agreement
The purchase of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units from the executive managing directors and the Ziffs with the proceeds from the 2007 Offerings, and subsequent taxable exchanges by them of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units for Class A Shares on a one-for-one basis (or, at the Company’s option, a cash equivalent), resulted, and, in the case of future exchanges, are anticipated to result, in an increase in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of the Och-Ziff Operating Group that would not otherwise have been available. As a result, the Company expects that its future tax liability will be reduced. Pursuant to the tax receivable agreement entered into among the Company, the executive managing directors and the Ziffs, the Company has agreed to pay to the executive managing directors and the Ziffs 85% of the amount of tax savings, if any, actually realized by the Company.
The Company recorded its initial estimate of future payments under the tax receivable agreement by recording a decrease to paid-in capital and an increase in amounts due to related parties in the consolidated financial statements. Subsequent adjustments to the liability for future payments under the tax receivable agreement related to changes in estimated future tax rates or state income tax apportionment are recognized through current period earnings within general, administrative and other expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
In connection with the departure of certain former executive managing directors since the 2007 Offerings, the right to receive payments under the tax receivable agreement by such former executive managing directors was contributed to the Och-Ziff Operating Group. As a result, the Company now expects to pay to the remaining executive managing directors and the Ziffs approximately 77% (from 85% at the time of the 2007 Offerings) of the amount of cash savings, if any, in federal, state and local income taxes in the United States that the Company actually realizes as a result of the increases in tax basis.
The estimate of the timing and the amount of future payments under the tax receivable agreement involves several assumptions that do not account for the significant uncertainties associated with these potential payments, including an assumption that Och-Ziff Holding Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, will have sufficient taxable income in the relevant tax years to utilize the tax benefits that would give rise to an obligation to make payments. The actual timing and amount of any actual payments under the tax receivable agreement will vary based upon these and a number of other factors.
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Lease Obligations
The Company has non-cancelable operating leases for its headquarters in New York and its offices in London, Hong Kong, Beijing and Mumbai. The Company also has operating leases for other locations, as well as operating and capital leases on computer hardware. The Company recognizes expense related to its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease obligations have not changed materially since December 31, 2011.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of the Company’s business. The Company is also subject to extensive scrutiny by regulatory agencies globally that have, or may in the future have, regulatory authority over the Company and its business activities. This has resulted, or may in the future result, in regulatory agency investigations, litigation and subpoenas and costs related to each. The Company is currently not subject to any pending judicial, administrative or arbitration proceedings that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Investment Commitments
From time to time, certain funds consolidated by the Company may have commitments to fund investments. These commitments are funded through contributions from investors in those funds. The Company generally only manages these funds and is not an investor in the funds.
The Company has committed to fund a portion of the annual operating budget for a joint venture, and this portion currently totals approximately $4.7 million annually. The joint venture periodically returns substantially all of the cash that is contributed by the Company, as expenses incurred by the joint venture are generally reimbursed by the projects it manages.
Other Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that provide a variety of general indemnifications. Such contracts include those with certain service providers, brokers and trading counterparties. Any exposure to the Company under these arrangements could involve future claims that may be made against the Company. Currently, no such claims exist or are expected to arise and, accordingly, the Company has not accrued any liability in connection with such indemnifications.
14. | SEGMENT INFORMATION |
The Och-Ziff Funds segment is currently the Company’s only reportable segment and represents the Company’s core business, as substantially all of the Company’s operations are conducted through this segment. The Och-Ziff Funds segment provides asset management services to the Company’s funds. The Company’s Other Operations are primarily comprised of its real estate business, which provides asset management services to the Company’s real estate funds.
In addition to analyzing the Company’s results on a GAAP basis, management also reviews its results on an “Economic Income” basis. Economic Income excludes the adjustments described below that are required for presentation of the Company’s results on a GAAP basis, but that management does not consider when evaluating operating performance in any given period. Management, therefore, uses Economic Income as the basis on which it evaluates the Company’s financial performance and makes resource allocation and other operating decisions. Management considers it important that investors review the same operating information that it uses.
Economic Income is a measure of pre-tax operating performance that excludes the following from the Company’s results on a GAAP basis:
• | Income allocations to the Company’s executive managing directors and the Ziffs on their direct interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group. Management reviews operating performance at the Och-Ziff Operating Group level, where substantially all of the Company’s operations are performed, prior to making any income allocations. |
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
• | Reorganization expenses related to the 2007 Offerings, equity-based compensation expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses, as management does not consider these non-cash expenses to be reflective of operating performance. |
• | Changes in the tax receivable agreement liability and net gains (losses) on investments in Och-Ziff funds, as management does not consider these to be reflective of operating performance. |
• | Amounts related to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds, including the related eliminations of management fees and incentive income, as management reviews the total amount of management fees and incentive income earned in relation to total assets under management and fund performance. |
In addition, the full amount of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual investment performance are recognized on the date they are determined (generally in the fourth quarter of each year), as management determines the total amount of compensation based on the Company’s performance in the year of the award. Finally, management reviews Economic Income revenues by presenting management fees net of recurring placement and related service fees, rather than considering these fees an expense, and by excluding the impact of the consolidated Och-Ziff funds.
Management does not regularly review assets by operating segment in assessing operating segment performance and the allocation of company resources; therefore, the Company does not present total assets by operating segment. All interest expense related to outstanding indebtedness is allocated to the Och-Ziff Funds segment.
Och-Ziff Funds Segment Results
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment: | ||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Revenues | $ | 127,457 | $ | 129,727 | $ | 383,928 | $ | 378,678 | ||||||||
Economic Income | $ | 80,042 | $ | 85,636 | $ | 248,691 | $ | 249,148 |
Reconciliation of Och-Ziff Funds Segment Revenues to Consolidated Revenues
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Revenues - Och-Ziff Funds segment | $ | 127,457 | $ | 129,727 | $ | 383,928 | $ | 378,678 | ||||||||
Adjustment to management fees(1) | 3,886 | 4,239 | 12,359 | 10,630 | ||||||||||||
Other Operations revenues | 2,925 | 3,211 | 7,774 | 12,428 | ||||||||||||
Income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 33,705 | 12,228 | 83,258 | 33,362 | ||||||||||||
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Total Consolidated Revenues | $ | 167,973 | $ | 149,405 | $ | 487,319 | $ | 435,098 | ||||||||
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(1) | Adjustment to present management fees net of recurring placement and related service fees, as management considers these fees a reduction in management fees, not an expense. The impact of eliminations related to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds is also removed. |
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OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — UNAUDITED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Reconciliation of Och-Ziff Funds Economic Income to Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Economic Income - Och-Ziff Funds segment | $ | 80,042 | $ | 85,636 | $ | 248,691 | $ | 249,148 | ||||||||
Reorganization expenses | (398,503 | ) | (408,594 | ) | (1,195,335 | ) | (1,213,761 | ) | ||||||||
Net Loss Allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | 231,234 | 268,155 | 689,883 | 814,795 | ||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | (16,219 | ) | (29,633 | ) | (50,294 | ) | (98,936 | ) | ||||||||
Income taxes | (19,127 | ) | (24,317 | ) | (46,022 | ) | (42,356 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (2,406 | ) | (2,389 | ) | (7,085 | ) | (7,253 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual fund performance | (3,643 | ) | 1,054 | (6,608 | ) | (2,170 | ) | |||||||||
Other Operations | 1,244 | 985 | 2,464 | 4,360 | ||||||||||||
Change in tax receivable agreement liability | 1,519 | 16,512 | 1,570 | 16,357 | ||||||||||||
Other adjustments | (1,650 | ) | (533 | ) | (3,759 | ) | (2,134 | ) | ||||||||
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Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders | $ | (127,509 | ) | $ | (93,124 | ) | $ | (366,495 | ) | $ | (281,950 | ) | ||||
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report. An investment in our Class A Shares is not an investment in any of our funds.
Overview
Our Business
We are one of the largest institutional alternative asset managers in the world, with approximately $31.8 billion in assets under management as of November 1, 2012. We provide asset management services globally through our hedge funds and other alternative investment vehicles. Our funds seek to generate consistent, positive, absolute returns across market cycles, with low volatility compared to the equity markets. We have always limited our use of leverage to generate investment performance with an emphasis on preservation of capital. Our assets under management are generally invested on a multi-strategy basis, across multiple geographies, although certain of our funds are focused on specific sectors, strategies and geographies. Our primary investment strategies are convertible and derivative arbitrage, corporate credit, long/short equity special situations, merger arbitrage, private investments and structured credit. Our fund investors value our funds’ consistent performance history, our global investing expertise, and our diverse investment strategies, combined with our strong focus on risk management and sustaining a robust operational infrastructure.
Overview of Our 2012 Third Quarter Results
As of September 30, 2012, our assets under management were $31.3 billion, compared with $28.8 billion as of September 30, 2011. The $2.5 billion year-over-year increase was driven by performance-related appreciation of $2.5 billion, partially offset by capital net outflows of $16.4 million. Consistent with what we experienced in the first half of 2012, interest in both our multi-strategy and dedicated credit funds remained strong. During the third quarter of 2012, we also launched our first collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”). Capital inflows to the hedge fund industry increased modestly during the third quarter, and we believe that ongoing concerns about the weak macroeconomic environment globally continued to weigh on near-term investor confidence.
For the third quarter of 2012, we reported a GAAP net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders of $127.5 million, compared to a net loss of $93.1 million for the third quarter of 2011, and $366.5 million for the first nine months of 2012, compared to a net loss of $282.0 million for the first nine months of 2011. The GAAP net losses primarily resulted from non-cash Reorganization expenses associated with our 2007 Offerings of $398.5 million and $408.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.
We reported Economic Income for the Company of $81.3 million for the third quarter of 2012, compared to $86.6 million for the third quarter of 2011, and $251.2 million for the first nine months of 2012, compared to $253.5 million for the first nine months of 2011. The decrease for both periods was driven by an increase in non-compensation expenses and a decrease in management fees, partially offset by decreases in compensation and benefits expenses. Partially offsetting the decrease in Economic Income for the year-to-date period was an increase in incentive income. For a discussion of these drivers, please see “—Economic Income Analysis.” Economic Income for the Company is a non-GAAP measure. For additional information regarding non-GAAP measures, see “—Economic Income Analysis.”
Overview of 2012 Third Quarter Fund Performance
During the 2012 third quarter, we continued to build on the strong performance we generated in the first half of the year. Against a backdrop of mixed macroeconomic conditions globally, we actively managed our exposures and remained opportunistic in deploying capital in each of our portfolios. Our diversified investment platforms enable us to identify and capitalize on global investment trends across regions and asset classes.
During the quarter, we were very active in allocating capital across our strategies. We began the quarter with a cash balance of 7% in the OZ Master Fund. We deployed this cash largely by increasing our allocations to U.S. and European long/short equity special situations strategies, and ended the quarter fully invested.
During the third quarter of 2012, the OZ Master Fund generated a net return of 3.5%, the OZ Europe Master Fund a net return of 3.0%, the OZ Asia Master Fund a net return of 1.9% and the OZ Global Special Investments
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Master Fund a net return of 2.4%. During the first nine months of 2012, the OZ Master Fund generated a net return of 8.6%, the OZ Europe Master Fund a net return of 6.4%, the OZ Asia Master Fund a net return of 4.2% and the OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund a net return of 7.5%. Performance through September 30, 2012 was driven primarily by our structured credit, long/short equity special situations and corporate credit strategies. For important information about our fund performance data, please see “—Fund Performance Summary.”
Financial Market and Capital Flow Environment
Our ability to generate management fees and incentive income is impacted by the financial markets, which influences our ability to generate returns for our fund investors, and by the amount of capital flowing into and out of the hedge fund industry, which impacts our ability to retain existing investor capital and the amount of new assets we attract.
Financial Market Environment
Our ability to successfully generate consistent, positive, absolute returns is dependent on our ability to execute each fund’s investment strategy or strategies. Each investment strategy may be materially affected by conditions in the financial markets, and by global economic and business conditions.
During the third quarter of 2012, global equity indices generally posted positive returns for the quarter, while volatility reached multi-year lows in August. Central banks in the U.S., Europe and Japan each made announcements outlining stimulus measures, although uncertainty remains around the specific details of each plan. The steps taken by the European Central Bank (the “ECB”) have helped alleviate concerns about a Euro zone break-up in the near term. However, investor attention remains focused on Greece, Italy and Spain. Additionally, mixed economic reports, a continued slowdown of growth in China and potential leadership changes, including in the U.S., Germany and China, also caused investors to remain cautious.
Global policy decisions had a positive impact on credit markets as demonstrated by their strong performance during the quarter. During the period, fixed income investors continued to invest in higher-yielding products. As a result, U.S. high-yield and leveraged loans performed very strongly. Capital market conditions for both primary and secondary issuances were robust and default rates were low. European credit markets rallied, driven by the potential for more active market interventions by the ECB. Primary issuance for new high-yield and leveraged loans increased from summer lows, albeit on lower than expected volumes. Asian credit markets were robust and benefitted from strong inflows into the asset class.
Capital Flow Environment
During the 2012 third quarter, capital inflows to the hedge fund industry increased modestly. We believe that ongoing concerns about the weak macroeconomic environment globally continue to weigh on near-term investor confidence. However, we remain confident that allocations to the industry will grow as institutional investors increasingly seek to enhance the yield and reduce the volatility of both their equity and fixed income portfolios. We believe these drivers of secular growth will continue to increase in importance as market conditions remain unsettled and interest rates stay extremely low.
Assets Under Management
Our financial results are primarily driven by the combination of assets under management and the investment performance of our funds. Both of these factors directly impact the revenues we earn from management fees and incentive income. Growth in assets under management due to capital placed with us by investors in our funds and positive investment performance of our funds drive growth in our revenues and earnings. Conversely, poor investment performance slows our growth by decreasing our assets under management and increasing the potential for redemptions from our funds, which would have a negative effect on our revenues and earnings.
We typically accept capital from new and existing investors in our funds on a monthly basis on the first day of each month. Investors in our funds (other than investors in our real estate funds, certain credit funds and certain other alternative investment vehicles we manage and other than with respect to capital invested in Special Investments) typically have the right to redeem their interests in a fund following an initial lock-up period of one to three years. Following the expiration of these lock-up periods, subject to certain limitations, investors may redeem capital generally on a quarterly or annual basis upon giving 30 to 45 days prior written notice. However, upon the payment of a redemption fee to the applicable fund and upon giving 30 days prior written notice, certain investors may redeem capital
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during the lock-up period. The lock-up requirements for our funds may generally be waived or modified at the sole discretion of each fund’s general partner or board of directors, as applicable. The after-tax proceeds from the 2007 Offerings reinvested by our executive managing directors in our funds are subject to a five-year lock-up that expires in December 2012.
With respect to investors with quarterly redemption rights, requests for redemptions submitted during a quarter generally are paid on the first day of the following quarter. Accordingly, quarterly redemptions generally will have no impact on management fees during the quarter in which they are submitted. Instead, these redemptions will decrease assets under management as of the first day of the following quarter, which reduces management fees for that quarter. With respect to investors with annual redemption rights, redemptions paid prior to the end of a quarter impact assets under management in the quarter in which they are paid, and therefore impact management fees for that quarter.
Information with respect to our assets under management throughout this report, including the tables set forth in this discussion and analysis, includes investments by us, our executive managing directors, employees and certain other related parties. Prior to our IPO, we did not charge management fees or earn incentive income on these investments. Following our IPO, we began charging management fees and earning incentive income on new investments made in our funds by our executive managing directors and certain other related parties, including the reinvestment by our executive managing directors of their after-tax proceeds from the 2007 Offerings. As of September 30, 2012, approximately 9% of our assets under management represented investments by us, our executive managing directors, employees and certain other related parties in our funds. As of that date, approximately 33% of these affiliated assets under management are not charged management fees and are not subject to an incentive income calculation.
As further discussed below in “—Understanding Our Results—Revenues,” we generally calculate management fees based on assets under management as of the beginning of each quarter. The assets under management in the tables below are presented net of management fees and incentive income and are as of the end of the period. Accordingly, the assets under management presented in the tables below are not the amounts used to calculate management fees for the respective periods.
Summary of Changes in Assets Under Management
The table below presents the changes to our assets under management and our weighted-average assets under management for the respective period. Weighted-average assets under management exclude the impact of third quarter investment performance for the periods presented, as these amounts do not impact management fees calculated for that period.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Balance-beginning of period | $ | 29,927,730 | $ | 29,767,562 | $ | 28,766,340 | $ | 27,934,696 | ||||||||
Net flows | 270,236 | 228,787 | 21,585 | 1,154,420 | ||||||||||||
Appreciation (Depreciation) | 1,071,079 | (1,188,779 | ) | 2,481,120 | (281,546 | ) | ||||||||||
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Balance-end of period | $ | 31,269,045 | $ | 28,807,570 | $ | 31,269,045 | $ | 28,807,570 | ||||||||
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Weighted-average assets under management | $ | 29,934,062 | $ | 29,737,200 | $ | 29,423,209 | $ | 29,028,769 |
In the nine months ended September 30, 2012, our funds experienced performance-related appreciation of $2.5 billion and capital net inflows of $21.6 million, which were comprised of $2.6 billion of gross inflows and $2.6 billion of gross outflows. Direct allocations from pension funds continue to be the largest driver of our inflows, while redemptions from fund-of-funds were the largest driver of our outflows. Our gross inflows also included $456.1 million related to the closing of our first CLO in July 2012. CLOs generally pay lower fees than our traditional hedge fund products. Interest in both our multi-strategy and dedicated credit funds remained strong. We also continued to focus on creating platforms that can be tailored to meet the strategic investment objectives of institutional investors. These types of platforms are also an important source of future growth for our business.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our funds experienced capital net inflows of $1.2 billion, which were comprised of $3.8 billion of gross inflows and $2.6 billion of gross outflows, and performance-related depreciation of $281.5 million. The inflows came from a diverse mix of investors globally. We believe that unsettled market conditions in 2011 and longer internal decision-making processes on the part of institutional investors impacted the pace of new capital commitments to the hedge fund industry generally and to the Och-Ziff funds during the 2011 third quarter. Additionally, our real estate
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funds and various other assets that we manage with longer than one-year performance measurement periods comprised a meaningful portion of gross inflows in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The outflows were driven by a variety of factors influencing our fund investors.
Assets Under Management by Fund
September 30, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
OZ Master Fund | $ | 21,415,017 | $ | 20,046,463 | ||||
OZ Europe Master Fund | 1,989,515 | 2,436,412 | ||||||
OZ Asia Master Fund | 1,448,294 | 1,622,089 | ||||||
OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund | 1,040,426 | 986,409 | ||||||
Other(1) | 5,375,793 | 3,716,197 | ||||||
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Total | $ | 31,269,045 | $ | 28,807,570 | ||||
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(1) | Includes real estate funds, credit funds and other alternative investment vehicles we manage. |
OZ Master Fund
The $1.4 billion year-over-year increase in assets under management for the OZ Master Fund was driven by positive investment performance during each quarter and capital net inflows in the fourth quarter of 2011. These increases were partially offset by capital net outflows experienced in the first three quarters of 2012.
OZ Europe Master Fund
The $446.9 million year-over-year decrease in assets under management for the OZ Europe Master Fund was driven by capital net outflows experienced in each quarter and performance-related depreciation in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the second quarter of 2012. These decreases were partially offset by positive investment performance in the first and third quarters of 2012.
OZ Asia Master Fund
The $173.8 million year-over-year decrease in assets under management for the OZ Asia Master Fund was driven by capital net outflows experienced in the first three quarters of 2012 and performance-related depreciation in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the second quarter of 2012. These decreases were partially offset by positive investment performance during the first and third quarters of 2012 and capital net inflows in the fourth quarter of 2011.
OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund
The $54.0 million year-over-year increase in the assets under management for the OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund was driven by positive investment performance in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the first and third quarters of 2012, partially offset by capital net outflows experienced in each quarter and performance-related depreciation in the second quarter of 2012.
Other
The $1.7 billion year-over-year increase in the assets under management in our other funds was primarily due to the launch of our first CLO that closed in July 2012, as well as growth in our dedicated credit platforms.
Fund Performance Summary
Fund investment performance, as generally measured on a calendar-year basis, determines the amount of incentive income we will earn in a given year. Incentive income is generally 20% of the net realized and unrealized profits attributable to each of our fund investors (excluding unrealized gains and losses attributable to Special Investments), and subject to any high-water marks.
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Performance information for our most significant master funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The performance information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of our Class A Shares and is not necessarily indicative of the future results of any particular fund. An investment in our Class A Shares is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our master funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar results.
The table below presents the performance information for our most significant master funds (by asset size). The net returns shown represent the composite performance of all feeder funds that comprise each of the master funds presented. The net return is calculated using the total return of all feeder funds, net of all fees and expenses of such feeder funds and master funds (except, as noted above, incentive income on unrealized gains attributable to Special Investments that could reduce returns in these investments at the time of realization) and the returns of each feeder fund include the reinvestment of all dividends and other income. The net returns also include realized and unrealized gains and losses attributable to Special Investments and initial public offering investments that are not allocated to all investors in the feeder funds. Investors that were not allocated Special Investments and initial public offering investments may experience materially different returns.
Net Return for the Three Months Ended September 30, | Net Return for the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
OZ Master Fund | 3.5 | % | -3.8 | % | 8.6 | % | -0.5 | % | ||||||||
OZ Europe Master Fund | 3.0 | % | -5.3 | % | 6.4 | % | -3.5 | % | ||||||||
OZ Asia Master Fund | 1.9 | % | -4.9 | % | 4.2 | % | -3.6 | % | ||||||||
OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund | 2.4 | % | -3.6 | % | 7.5 | % | 2.7 | % |
OZ Master Fund
The table below presents a summary of each investment strategy’s contribution to the OZ Master Fund’s return before management fees and incentive income:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Convertible and Derivative Arbitrage | 3 | % | 0 | % | 6 | % | 43 | % | ||||||||
Corporate Credit | 18 | % | 27 | % | 21 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||
Long/Short Equity Special Situations | 34 | % | 43 | % | 29 | % | -30 | % | ||||||||
Merger Arbitrage | -1 | % | 2 | % | 1 | % | 5 | % | ||||||||
Private Investments | 2 | % | 11 | % | 3 | % | -20 | % | ||||||||
Structured Credit | 45 | % | 16 | % | 41 | % | 115 | % | ||||||||
Other | -1 | % | 1 | % | -1 | % | -14 | % | ||||||||
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Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||
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OZ Europe Master Fund
The table below presents a summary of each investment strategy’s contribution to the OZ Europe Master Fund’s return before management fees and incentive income:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Convertible and Derivative Arbitrage | 1 | % | -5 | % | 2 | % | -50 | % | ||||||||
Corporate Credit | 43 | % | 21 | % | 39 | % | -26 | % | ||||||||
Long/Short Equity Special Situations | 29 | % | 32 | % | 32 | % | 117 | % | ||||||||
Merger Arbitrage | -1 | % | 4 | % | 3 | % | -14 | % | ||||||||
Private Investments | -11 | % | 33 | % | -17 | % | 62 | % | ||||||||
Structured Credit | 38 | % | 14 | % | 41 | % | -25 | % | ||||||||
Other | 1 | % | 1 | % | 0 | % | 36 | % | ||||||||
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Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||
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OZ Asia Master Fund
The table below presents a summary of each investment strategy’s contribution to the OZ Asia Master Fund’s return before management fees and incentive income:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Convertible and Derivative Arbitrage | 8 | % | 6 | % | 11 | % | -4 | % | ||||||||
Corporate Credit | 24 | % | 8 | % | 33 | % | -26 | % | ||||||||
Long/Short Equity Special Situations | 45 | % | 72 | % | 54 | % | 159 | % | ||||||||
Merger Arbitrage | -2 | % | -2 | % | -3 | % | -11 | % | ||||||||
Private Investments | 31 | % | 14 | % | 9 | % | -56 | % | ||||||||
Other | -6 | % | 2 | % | -4 | % | 38 | % | ||||||||
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Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||
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OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund
The table below presents a summary of each investment strategy’s contribution to the OZ Global Special Investments Master Fund’s return before management fees and incentive income:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Corporate Credit | 6 | % | 3 | % | 10 | % | 12 | % | ||||||||
Long/Short Equity Special Situations | 19 | % | 37 | % | 14 | % | -15 | % | ||||||||
Merger Arbitrage | 0 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||
Private Investments | 8 | % | 30 | % | 18 | % | 47 | % | ||||||||
Structured Credit | 68 | % | 30 | % | 59 | % | 64 | % | ||||||||
Other | -1 | % | -1 | % | -2 | % | -9 | % | ||||||||
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Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||
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Understanding Our Results
Revenues
Our operations have been financed primarily by cash flows generated by our business. Our principal sources of revenues are management fees and incentive income. For any given period, our revenues are influenced by the amount of our assets under management, the investment performance of our funds and the timing of when we recognize incentive income for certain assets under management as discussed below.
The ability of investors to contribute capital to and redeem capital from our funds causes our assets under management to fluctuate from period to period. Fluctuations in assets under management also result from our funds’
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investment performance. Both of these factors directly impact the revenues we earn from management fees and incentive income. For example, a $1 billion increase or decrease in assets under management subject to a 2% management fee would generally increase or decrease annual management fees by $20 million. If net profits attributable to a fee-paying fund investor were $10 million, we generally would earn incentive income equal to $2 million, assuming a 20% incentive income rate, a one-year performance measurement period, no hurdle rate and no high-water marks from prior years.
For any given quarter, our revenues will be influenced by the combination of assets under management and the investment performance of our funds. For the first three quarters of each year, our revenues will be primarily comprised of the management fees we have earned for each respective quarter or incentive income for assets under management for which the measurement period expired in that quarter, such as assets subject to three-year performance measurement periods, or assets which are redeemed. In the fourth quarter, our revenues will be primarily comprised of the management fees we have earned for the quarter, as well as incentive income related to the full-year investment performance generated on assets under management that are subject to annual measurement periods, or for other assets under management for which the measurement period expired in that quarter.
Management Fees. Management fees typically range from 1.5% to 2.5% annually of assets under management in our hedge funds. In our real estate funds and credit funds, management fees typically range from 0.75% to 1.5% based on the amount of capital committed to these platforms by our fund investors. Our average management fee rate in the third quarter of 2012 was approximately 1.62%. This average rate takes into account the effect of non-fee paying assets under management, as well as our real estate funds, credit funds, CLO and other alternative investment vehicles we manage. Management fees are generally calculated and paid to us on a quarterly basis at the beginning of the quarter, based on the amount of assets under management at the beginning of the quarter. Management fees are prorated for capital inflows and redemptions during the quarter. Accordingly, changes in our management fee revenues from quarter to quarter are driven by changes in the quarterly opening balances of assets under management, the relative magnitude and timing of inflows and redemptions during the respective quarter, as well as the impact of differing management fee rates charged on those inflows and redemptions.
Incentive Income.We earn incentive income based on the performance of our funds. Incentive income is typically equal to 20% of the net realized and unrealized profits attributable to each fund investor, but it excludes unrealized gains and losses attributable to Special Investments. We do not recognize incentive income until the end of the performance measurement period when the amounts are contractually payable, or “crystallized.” Additionally, all of our hedge funds are subject to a perpetual loss carry forward, or perpetual “high-water mark,” meaning we will not be able to earn incentive income with respect to a fund investor’s investment loss in the year or years following negative investment performance until that loss is recouped, at which point a fund investor’s investment surpasses the high-water mark. We earn incentive income on any net profits in excess of the high-water mark.
The performance measurement period for most of our assets under management is on a calendar-year basis, and therefore we generally crystallize incentive income annually on December 31. We may recognize incentive income during the first three quarters of the year related to assets subject to three-year performance measurement periods for which the measurement period has expired (including the rollover of a portion of these assets into one-year measurement periods upon the conclusion of the initial three-year measurement period), as well as assets in our real estate funds, credit funds and certain other funds we manage. Additionally, we may recognize incentive income for tax distributions related to these assets. Tax distributions are amounts distributed to us to cover tax liabilities related to incentive income that has been accrued at the fund level but will not be recognized by us until the end of the relevant performance measurement period (if at all). Finally, we may also recognize incentive income related to fund investor redemptions during the first three quarters of the year.
The performance measurement periods with respect to approximately 22.8% of our assets under management as of September 30, 2012 are longer than one year. Approximately 39% of these assets are in the OZ Master Fund and subject to three-year performance measurement periods. The three-year performance measurement period with respect to approximately 49% of these assets will expire in the fourth quarter of 2012. Incentive income related to assets subject to three-year performance measurement periods is generally not earned until the end of the three-year period and is based on the cumulative performance over the three-year period. The remaining assets under management with performance measurement periods longer than one year are related to our real estate funds, credit funds, CLO and other alternative investment vehicles we manage. Incentive income related to these funds is generally not earned until it is no longer subject to repayment to the respective fund. Our ability to earn incentive income on these assets, as well as those with three-year performance measurement periods, is also subject to hurdle rates whereby we do not earn any incentive income until the investment returns exceed an agreed upon benchmark.
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Income of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds.Revenues recorded as income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds consist of interest income, dividend income and other miscellaneous items.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits.Compensation and benefits is comprised of salaries, benefits, payroll taxes, discretionary and guaranteed cash bonus expense and equity-based compensation, primarily in the form of RSUs and Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units granted to executive managing directors subsequent to the 2007 Offerings (including Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units granted in connection with the conversion of Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units). Compensation and benefits also includes allocations to the Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units, which are not considered equity under GAAP, and are allocated income on a pro rata basis with the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units, which are held by our executive managing directors and the Ziffs, and the Och-Ziff Operating Group B Units, which are held by our intermediate holding companies. On an annual basis, compensation and benefits comprise a significant portion of total expenses, with discretionary cash bonuses generally comprising the majority of total compensation and benefits. These cash bonuses are funded by total annual revenues, which are significantly influenced by the incentive income we earn for the year. Annual discretionary cash bonuses in a year with no significant high-water marks in effect are generally determined and expensed in the fourth quarter each year.
In August 2012, we adopted The Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC 2012 Partner Incentive Plan (the “PIP”), whereby participating executive managing directors (the “Eligible Pre-IPO Partners”) may be eligible to receive discretionary grants of annual performance awards (“Performance Awards”) over a five-year period commencing in 2013. Performance Awards may be satisfied in Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units (“Performance Unit Awards”) and may also be satisfied in cash (“Performance Cash Awards”). The Eligible Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, may be granted an aggregate of up to 3,628,907 Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units per year, if a determination is made for each such year to award the maximum number of Performance Unit Awards to all of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners. The Eligible Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, may also be eligible to receive discretionary annual Performance Cash Awards if we earn incentive income in the relevant year. The maximum aggregate amount of Performance Cash Awards that may be awarded to all of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, for each year will be capped at 10% of our incentive income earned during that year, up to a maximum of $52.4 million. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report for additional information regarding the PIP.
Reorganization Expenses. Prior to the 2007 Offerings, we completed a reorganization of our business, which we refer to as the “Reorganization.” As part of the Reorganization, interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group held by our executive managing directors and the Ziffs were reclassified as Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units, resulting in significant non-cash Reorganization expenses. These expenses are generally being amortized through 2012 on a straight-line basis over a five-year vesting period following the 2007 Offerings. Assuming no material forfeitures or reallocations, the estimated future Reorganization expenses related to the amortization of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units held by our executive managing directors are expected to be approximately $201.5 million for the remainder of 2012.
Interest Expense.Amounts included within interest expense relate primarily to interest expense on the indebtedness outstanding under a delayed draw term loan agreement entered into in November 2011 (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan”), which is a LIBOR-based, variable-rate borrowing. The LIBOR interest rate on our Delayed Draw Term Loan resets every one, two, three or six months (at our option), two business days prior to the start of each interest period. Prior to the repayment of the indebtedness outstanding under the term loan entered into in connection with the 2007 Offerings (the “2007 Term Loan”) and our aircraft loan in June 2012, interest expense also included interest on those LIBOR-based, variable-rate borrowings.
General, Administrative and Other.General, administrative and other expenses are related to occupancy and equipment, professional services, information processing and communications, business development, insurance, changes in our tax receivable agreement liability and other miscellaneous expenses.
Expenses of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds.Expenses recorded as expenses of consolidated Och-Ziff funds consist of interest expense and other miscellaneous expenses.
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Other Income (Loss)
Net Gains (Losses) on Investments in Och-Ziff Funds and Joint Ventures.Net gains (losses) on investments in Och-Ziff funds and joint ventures primarily consists of net gains (losses) on investments in our funds made by us and net gains (losses) on investments in joint ventures established to expand our private investment platforms.
Change in Deferred Income of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds.Incentive income allocations from funds that we consolidate are recognized through a greater share of these funds’ net earnings being allocated to us, and a correspondingly reduced share of these earnings allocated to investors in the funds (noncontrolling interests). To the extent we are allocated incentive income by a consolidated fund that could be subject to repayment in the event of future losses, we defer the recognition of our share of income through change in deferred income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and record a corresponding liability within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The liability is reversed and recognized in earnings when these amounts are no longer subject to repayment.
Net Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Och-Ziff Funds.Net gains (losses) of consolidated Och-Ziff funds consist of realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments held by the consolidated Och-Ziff funds.
Income Taxes
Income taxes consist of our provision for federal, state and local income taxes in the United States and foreign income taxes, including provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from temporary differences between the tax and GAAP basis. The computation of the provision requires certain estimates and significant judgment, including, but not limited to, the expected taxable income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent differences between the tax and GAAP basis and the likelihood of being able to fully utilize deferred income tax assets existing as of the end of the period. In addition, the amount of incentive income we earn, the resultant flow of revenues and expenses through our legal entity structure, the effect that changes in our Class A Share price may have on the ultimate deduction we are able to take related to the vesting of RSUs, and any changes in future enacted income tax rates may have a significant impact on our income tax provision and effective tax rate.
Net Loss Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests represent ownership interests in our subsidiaries held by parties other than us and are primarily made up of: (i) Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units held by our executive managing directors and the Ziffs; and (ii) fund investors’ interests in the consolidated Och-Ziff funds. Increases or decreases in net income (loss) allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units are driven by the earnings or losses of the Och-Ziff Operating Group. Increases or decreases in the net income (loss) allocated to fund investors’ interests in consolidated Och-Ziff funds are driven by the earnings or losses of those funds.
Results of Operations
Revenues
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 125,896 | $ | 128,516 | $ | 375,470 | $ | 378,206 | ||||||||
Incentive income | 8,081 | 8,058 | 27,716 | 21,891 | ||||||||||||
Other revenues | 291 | 603 | 875 | 1,639 | ||||||||||||
Income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 33,705 | 12,228 | 83,258 | 33,362 | ||||||||||||
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Total Revenues | $ | 167,973 | $ | 149,405 | $ | 487,319 | $ | 435,098 | ||||||||
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Total revenues for the quarter-to-date period increased $18.6 million primarily due to the following:
• | A $21.5 million increase in income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds. The majority of this income is allocated to noncontrolling interests, as we only have minimal ownership interest, if any, in each of these funds. A portion of this income may be allocated to us as an incentive income allocation; however, these amounts are deferred until the end of the performance measurement periods for the relevant fund. |
• | A $2.6 million offsetting decrease in management fees primarily due to lower average management fee rates on our assets under management in 2012 compared to 2011 as discussed below. |
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Total revenues for the year-to-date period increased $52.2 million primarily due to the following:
• | A $49.9 million increase in income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds. The majority of this income is allocated to noncontrolling interests, as we only have minimal ownership interest, if any, in each of these funds. A portion of this income may be allocated to us as an incentive income allocation; however, these amounts are deferred until the end of the performance measurement periods for the relevant fund. |
• | A $5.8 million increase in incentive income driven by $11.3 million of incentive income recognized in the second quarter of 2012 related to assets under management subject to three-year performance measurement periods. Partially offsetting this increase was a $6.0 million decrease related to tax distributions taken in the first quarter of 2011 that did not recur in the first quarter of 2012. |
• | A $2.7 million offsetting decrease in management fees primarily due to a $4.6 million decrease in Other Operations driven by a catch-up in the first three quarters of 2011 for additional investors in our second domestic real estate fund. These investors were charged management fees retroactively to the initial closing of the fund. The decrease was partially offset by higher management fees in the Och-Ziff Funds segment. |
Our average management fee rate decreased to 1.62% in the third quarter of 2012 from 1.66% in the third quarter of 2011. This decrease was primarily due to growth in our dedicated credit platforms and other longer-term assets under management, as well as the launch of our first CLO, each of which generally have lower management fee rates than our traditional hedge fund products.
Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | 44,934 | $ | 53,374 | $ | 127,125 | $ | 173,822 | ||||||||
Reorganization expenses | 398,503 | 408,594 | 1,195,335 | 1,213,761 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,793 | 1,714 | 4,248 | 5,605 | ||||||||||||
General, administrative and other | 30,642 | 11,105 | 91,842 | 63,529 | ||||||||||||
Expenses of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 2,268 | 2,379 | 7,319 | 6,309 | ||||||||||||
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Total Expenses | $ | 478,140 | $ | 477,166 | $ | 1,425,869 | $ | 1,463,026 | ||||||||
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Total expenses for the quarter-to-date period increased by $974 thousand primarily due to the following:
• | A $19.5 million increase in general, administrative and other expenses primarily due to a $15.0 million increase in expense related to the change in tax receivable agreement liability and a $2.7 million increase in professional services fees. The remaining increase was driven by a net increase in other miscellaneous expenses. |
• | An $8.4 million offsetting decrease in compensation and benefits primarily due to the following: (i) a $13.4 million decrease in equity-based compensation driven by the vesting of a large number of RSUs in November 2011. These RSUs were mostly granted in connection with our IPO and were subject to a four-year vesting period. Also driving the decrease in equity-based compensation was a $6.1 million decrease in the amortization of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units due to a $3.0 million decrease related to the acceleration of amortization related to the departure of an executive managing director in the third quarter of 2011 and a $2.8 million decrease due to a shorter amortization period in 2011 compared to 2012 on certain unvested Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units (non-equity interests) that were converted into Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units; (ii) a $2.3 million offsetting increase in guaranteed bonus |
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expense; (iii) a $1.5 million offsetting increase in salaries and benefits due in part to the increase in our worldwide headcount from 431 as of September 30, 2011 to 453 as of September 30, 2012; and (iv) a $1.2 million increase in amounts allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units due to an increase in the number of Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units outstanding. |
• | A $10.1 million offsetting decrease in Reorganization expenses primarily due to lower amortization of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units that were forfeited by former executive managing directors and subsequently reallocated to the remaining executive managing directors, generally at a lower grant-date fair value. Also contributing to the decrease was the acceleration of $4.6 million of Reorganization expenses of certain Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units related to the departure of a certain former executive managing director in the third quarter of 2011. |
Total expenses for the year-to-date period decreased by $37.2 million primarily due to the following:
• | A $46.7 million decrease in compensation and benefits primarily due to the following: (i) a $48.6 million decrease in equity-based compensation driven by the vesting of a large number of RSUs in November 2011 discussed above. Also driving the decrease in equity-based compensation was an $8.2 million decrease in the amortization of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units primarily due to a $4.2 million one-time charge taken in the second quarter of 2011 related to the conversion of vested Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units (non-equity interests) into Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units and a $1.8 million decline in amortization of certain Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units due to a change in the vesting requirements related to a certain executive managing director; (ii) a $4.7 million decrease in guaranteed bonus expense; (iii) a $4.4 million offsetting increase in salaries and benefits due in part to the increase in our worldwide headcount discussed above; and (iv) a $2.2 million increase in amounts allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units due to an increase in the number of Och-Ziff Operating Group D Units outstanding. |
• | An $18.4 million decrease in Reorganization expenses primarily due to lower amortization of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units that were forfeited by former executive managing directors and subsequently reallocated to the remaining executive managing directors generally at a lower grant-date fair value. Also contributing to the decrease was the acceleration of $4.6 million of Reorganization expenses of certain Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units related to the departure of a certain former executive managing director in the third quarter of 2011. Partially offsetting this decrease was a reversal of $6.1 million in the second quarter of 2011 related to the forfeiture of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units by a former executive managing director. |
• | A $28.3 million offsetting increase in general, administrative and other expenses primarily due to the following: (i) a $14.8 million increase in expense related to the change in tax receivable agreement; (ii) a $3.9 million increase in recurring placement and related service fees; (iii) a $3.5 million increase in professional services fees; (iv) a $2.0 million increase in information processing and communication costs; and (v) $1.4 million of commitment fees recognized in 2012 related to the undrawn portion of our Delayed Draw Term Loan that were incurred prior to the drawdown in June 2012. The remaining increase was driven by a net increase in other miscellaneous expenses. |
Other Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Net gains on investments in Och-Ziff funds and joint ventures | $ | 317 | $ | 201 | $ | 29 | $ | 413 | ||||||||
Change in deferred income of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | (16,450 | ) | (262 | ) | (38,877 | ) | (3,237 | ) | ||||||||
Net gains (losses) of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 56,286 | (14,158 | ) | 141,562 | (2,959 | ) | ||||||||||
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Total Other Income (Loss) | $ | 40,153 | $ | (14,219 | ) | $ | 102,714 | $ | (5,783 | ) | ||||||
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Total other income for the quarter-to-date period increased by $54.4 million primarily due to the following:
• | A $70.4 million increase in net gains of consolidated Och-Ziff funds. The majority of these net gains are allocated to noncontrolling interests, as we only have minimal ownership interest, if any, in each of these funds. A portion of these net gains is allocated to us as an incentive income allocation; however, these amounts are deferred until the end of the performance measurement periods for the relevant fund. |
• | A $16.2 million offsetting decrease in other income resulting from the change in deferred income of consolidated funds. This change was driven by the increase in income and net gains of consolidated Och-Ziff funds discussed above. We defer our incentive income allocation from these funds until the performance measurement period ends and any incentive income allocated to us is no longer subject to repayment. |
Total other income for the year-to-date period increased by $108.5 million primarily due to the following:
• | A $144.5 million increase in net gains of consolidated Och-Ziff funds. The majority of these net gains are allocated to noncontrolling interests, as we only have minimal ownership interest, if any, in each of these funds. A portion of these net gains is allocated to us as an incentive income allocation; however, these amounts are deferred until the end of the performance measurement periods for the relevant fund. |
• | A $35.6 million offsetting decrease in other income resulting from the change in deferred income of consolidated funds. This change was driven by the increase in income and net gains of consolidated Och-Ziff funds discussed above. We defer our incentive income allocation from these funds until the performance measurement period ends and any incentive income allocated to us is no longer subject to repayment. |
Income Taxes
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 19,127 | $ | 24,317 | $ | 46,022 | $ | 42,356 |
Income tax expense decreased by $5.2 million for the quarter-to-date period and increased by $3.7 million for the year-to-date period. The decrease for the quarter-to-date period was primarily due to a $9.5 million decrease related to the impact of income tax rate changes at the state and local level in 2011 compared to 2012, as well as a $1.0 million decrease related to RSUs. Partially offsetting these decreases was a $3.9 million increase due to higher profitability and an increase in our ownership of the Och-Ziff Operating Group, and a $3.1 million increase related to a true-up upon the finalization of our 2011 income tax returns. The increase for the year-to-date period was primarily due to a $9.4 million increase due to higher profitability and an increase in our ownership of the Och-Ziff Operating Group, as well as the $3.1 million increase related to the true-up discussed above. Partially offsetting these increases was an $8.9 million decrease related to the impact of income tax rate changes at the state and local level in 2011 compared to 2012.
The Registrant and the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Due to our legal structure, only a portion of the income we earn is subject to corporate-level tax rates in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and local income taxes in the United States and foreign income taxes at an effective tax rate of -7.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, compared to an effective tax rate of -5.5% and -4.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The reconciling items between our statutory rate and our effective tax rate were due to the following: (i) a portion of the income we earn is not subject to federal, state and local corporate income taxes in the United States; (ii) a portion of the income we earn is subject to the New York City unincorporated business tax; (iii) certain foreign subsidiaries are subject to foreign corporate income taxes; and (iv) Reorganization expenses are non-deductible for income tax purposes.
As of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, we were not required to establish a liability for uncertain tax positions.
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Net Loss Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
The following table presents the components of the net loss allocated to noncontrolling interests:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | $ | (231,234 | ) | $ | (268,155 | ) | $ | (689,883 | ) | $ | (814,795 | ) | ||||
Consolidated Och-Ziff funds | 69,010 | (5,591 | ) | 173,146 | 17,891 | |||||||||||
Other | 592 | 573 | 1,374 | 2,787 | ||||||||||||
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Total | $ | (161,632 | ) | $ | (273,173 | ) | $ | (515,363 | ) | $ | (794,117 | ) | ||||
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The amount of net loss allocated to noncontrolling interests for the quarter-to-date period decreased $111.5 million primarily due to a $74.6 million increase in the amount of net income allocated to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds and a $36.9 million decrease in the amount of net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units. The amount of net loss allocated to noncontrolling interests for the year-to-date period decreased $278.8 million primarily due to a $155.3 million increase in the amount of net income allocated to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds and a $124.9 million decrease in the amount of net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units.
The decrease in net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units was driven by a decrease in the executive managing directors’ and the Ziffs’ interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group in the form of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units from 74.8% as of September 30, 2011 to 67.2% as of September 30, 2012. As a result, a larger share of losses of the Och-Ziff Operating Group was allocated to us rather than the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units. Also contributing to the decrease in net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units was higher profitability in the Och-Ziff Operating Group. The Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units are expected to continue to significantly reduce our net income (loss) in future periods as income (losses) of the Och-Ziff Operating Group are allocated to these interests. The increases in net income allocated to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds was driven primarily by the increase in income and net gains of consolidated Och-Ziff funds discussed above.
Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Net Loss Allocated to Class A Shareholders | $ | (127,509 | ) | $ | (93,124 | ) | $ | (366,495 | ) | $ | (281,950 | ) |
The amount of net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders increased by $34.4 million for the quarter-to-date period and $84.5 million for the year-to-date period, primarily due to an increase in our ownership interest in the Och-Ziff Operating Group. The increase in ownership interest was driven by the 2011 Offering, the issuance of Class A Shares for vested RSUs and the exchange of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units for Class A Shares. As a result, a larger share of the losses of the Och-Ziff Operating Group was allocated to us. Partially offsetting the increase in net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders was higher profitability in the Och-Ziff Operating Group.
Economic Income Analysis
In addition to analyzing our results on a GAAP basis, management also reviews our results on an “Economic Income” basis. Economic Income excludes the adjustments described below that are required for presentation of our results on a GAAP basis, but that management does not consider when evaluating operating performance in any given period. Management, therefore, uses Economic Income as the basis on which it evaluates our financial performance and makes resource allocation and other operating decisions. Management considers it important that investors review the same operating information that it uses.
Economic Income is a measure of pre-tax operating performance that excludes the following from our results on a GAAP basis:
• | Income allocations to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs on their direct interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group. Management reviews operating performance at the Och-Ziff Operating Group level, where substantially all of our operations are performed, prior to making any income allocations. |
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• | Reorganization expenses related to the 2007 Offerings, equity-based compensation expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses, as management does not consider these non-cash expenses to be reflective of operating performance. |
• | Changes in the tax receivable agreement liability and net gains (losses) on investments in Och-Ziff funds, as management does not consider these to be reflective of operating performance. |
• | Amounts related to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds, including the related eliminations of management fees and incentive income, as management reviews the total amount of management fees and incentive income earned in relation to total assets under management and fund performance. |
In addition, the full amount of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual investment performance are recognized on the date they are determined (generally in the fourth quarter of each year), as management determines the total amount of compensation based on our performance in the year of the award.
As a result of the adjustments described above, as well as an adjustment to present management fees net of recurring placement and related service fees (rather than considering these fees an expense), management fees, compensation and benefits, non-compensation expenses and net income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interests as presented on an Economic Income basis are also non-GAAP measures. No adjustments to the GAAP basis have been made for incentive income, other revenues and net gains (losses) on joint ventures. For reconciliations of our non-GAAP measures to the respective GAAP measures, please see “—Economic Income Reconciliations” at the end of this MD&A.
Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to our GAAP net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders or cash flow from operations or as indicative of liquidity or the cash available to fund operations. Our non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
We conduct substantially all of our operations through our only reportable segment under GAAP, the Och-Ziff Funds segment, which provides asset management services to our hedge funds and other alternative investment vehicles. Other Operations are primarily comprised of our real estate business, which provides asset management services to our real estate funds.
Economic Income Revenues (Non-GAAP)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 119,087 | $ | 2,923 | $ | 122,010 | $ | 121,107 | $ | 3,170 | $ | 124,277 | ||||||||||||
Incentive Income | 8,081 | — | 8,081 | 8,058 | — | 8,058 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues | 289 | 2 | 291 | 562 | 41 | 603 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total Economic Income Revenues | $ | 127,457 | $ | 2,925 | $ | 130,382 | $ | 129,727 | $ | 3,211 | $ | 132,938 | ||||||||||||
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Economic Income revenues for the quarter-to-date period decreased $2.6 million primarily due to a $2.3 million decline in management fees, primarily in the Och-Ziff Funds segment. This change was primarily due to lower average management fee rates on our assets under management in 2012 compared to 2011. Our average management fee rate decreased to 1.62% in the third quarter of 2012 from 1.66% in the third quarter of 2011. This change was primarily due to growth in our dedicated credit platforms and other longer-term assets under management, as well as the launch of our first CLO, each of which generally have lower management fee rates than our traditional hedge fund products.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 355,442 | $ | 7,669 | $ | 363,111 | $ | 355,333 | $ | 12,243 | $ | 367,576 | ||||||||||||
Incentive Income | 27,716 | — | 27,716 | 21,891 | — | 21,891 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues | 770 | 105 | 875 | 1,454 | 185 | 1,639 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total Economic Income Revenues | $ | 383,928 | $ | 7,774 | $ | 391,702 | $ | 378,678 | $ | 12,428 | $ | 391,106 | ||||||||||||
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Economic Income revenues for the year-to-date period increased $596 thousand primarily due to higher incentive income in the Och-Ziff Funds segment, driven by $11.3 million of incentive income recognized in the second quarter of 2012 related to assets under management subject to three-year performance measurement periods. Partially offsetting this increase was a $6.0 million decrease in incentive income related to tax distributions taken in the first quarter of 2011 that did not recur in the first quarter of 2012. The increase was also partially offset by a $4.5 million decrease in management fees, primarily in Other Operations, driven by a catch-up in the first three quarters of 2011 for additional investors in our second domestic real estate fund. These investors were charged management fees retroactively to the initial closing of the fund.
Economic Income Expenses (Non-GAAP)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | 22,322 | $ | 939 | $ | 23,261 | $ | 23,270 | $ | 953 | $ | 24,223 | ||||||||||||
Non-compensation expenses | 25,352 | 240 | 25,592 | 20,902 | 878 | 21,780 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total Economic Income Expenses | $ | 47,674 | $ | 1,179 | $ | 48,853 | $ | 44,172 | $ | 1,831 | $ | 46,003 | ||||||||||||
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Economic Income expenses for the quarter-to-date period increased $2.9 million primarily due to the following:
• | A $3.8 million increase in non-compensation expenses, primarily driven by the Och-Ziff Funds segment, due to a $2.7 million increase in professional services. The remaining increase was driven by a net increase in other miscellaneous expenses. The ratio of non-compensation expenses to management fees increased from 18% in the third quarter of 2011 to 21% in the third quarter of 2012 as non-compensation expenses increased year-over-year while management fees decreased. |
• | A $962 thousand offsetting decrease in compensation and benefits, primarily in the Och-Ziff Funds segment, which was driven by a $2.4 million decrease in guaranteed bonus expense, partially offset by an increase of $1.5 million in salaries and benefits. The increase in salaries and benefits was due in part to the increase in our worldwide headcount from 431 as of September 30, 2011 to 453 as of September 30, 2012. The ratio of salaries and benefits to management fees increased from 15% in the third quarter of 2011 to 17% in the third quarter of 2012 as salaries and benefits increased year-over-year while management fees decreased. |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | 63,123 | $ | 2,856 | $ | 65,979 | $ | 67,942 | $ | 2,789 | $ | 70,731 | ||||||||||||
Non-compensation expenses | 72,152 | 1,166 | 73,318 | 61,873 | 3,049 | 64,922 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total Economic Income Expenses | $ | 135,275 | $ | 4,022 | $ | 139,297 | $ | 129,815 | $ | 5,838 | $ | 135,653 | ||||||||||||
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Economic Income expenses for the year-to-date period increased $3.6 million primarily due to the following:
• | An $8.4 million increase in non-compensation expenses, primarily driven by the Och-Ziff Funds segment, driven by the following: (i) a $3.5 million increase in professional services fees; (ii) a $2.1 million increase in information processing and communication expenses; and (iii) $1.4 million of commitment fees recognized in 2012 related to the undrawn portion of our Delayed Draw Term Loan that were incurred prior to the drawdown in June 2012. The remaining increase was driven by a net increase in other miscellaneous expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $1.4 million decrease in interest expense resulting from the pay down of our outstanding indebtedness in November 2011. The ratio of non-compensation expenses to management fees increased from 18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to 20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as non-compensation expenses increased year-over-year while management fees decreased. |
• | A $4.8 million decrease in compensation and benefits, primarily in the Och-Ziff Funds segment, which was driven by a $9.1 million decrease in guaranteed bonus expense, partially offset by an increase of $4.4 million in salaries and benefits. The increase in salaries and benefits was due in part to the increase in our worldwide headcount. The ratio of salaries and benefits to management fees increased from 15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to 16% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as salaries and benefits increased year-over-year while management fees decreased. |
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Other Economic Income Items (Non-GAAP)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains on joint ventures | $ | 258 | $ | — | $ | 258 | $ | 81 | $ | 152 | $ | 233 | ||||||||||||
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests | $ | 1 | $ | (502 | ) | $ | (501 | ) | $ | — | $ | (547 | ) | $ | (547 | ) |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Income Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on joint ventures | $ | 37 | $ | (111 | ) | $ | (74 | ) | $ | 285 | $ | 94 | $ | 379 | ||||||||||
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests | $ | 1 | $ | (1,177 | ) | $ | (1,176 | ) | $ | — | $ | (2,324 | ) | $ | (2,324 | ) |
Net gains (losses) on joint ventures represents our share of the net gains (losses) on joint ventures established to expand certain of our private investments platforms.
Economic Income (Non-GAAP)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
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Economic Income: | ||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds segment | $ | 80,042 | $ | 85,636 | $ | 248,691 | $ | 249,148 | ||||||||
Other Operations | 1,244 | 985 | 2,464 | 4,360 | ||||||||||||
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Total Company | $ | 81,286 | $ | 86,621 | $ | 251,155 | $ | 253,508 | ||||||||
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Economic Income decreased $5.3 million for the quarter-to-date period and $2.4 million for the year-to-date period. The decrease for both periods was driven by an increase in non-compensation expenses and a decrease in management fees, partially offset by decreases in compensation and benefits expenses. Partially offsetting the decrease in Economic Income for the year-to-date period was an increase in incentive income.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The working capital needs of our business have historically been met and continue to be met through cash generated from management fees and incentive income earned by the Och-Ziff Operating Group from our funds. We currently do not incur any indebtedness to fund our ongoing operations, but we have outstanding indebtedness that was incurred in connection with the refinancing of indebtedness incurred as part of the Reorganization:
We expect that our primary liquidity needs over the next 12 months will be to:
• | Pay our operating expenses, primarily consisting of compensation and benefits, as well as any related tax withholding obligations, and non-compensation expenses. |
• | Repay borrowings and interest thereon. |
• | Provide capital to facilitate the growth of our business. |
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• | Pay income taxes and amounts to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs with respect to the tax receivable agreement as discussed below under “—Tax Receivable Agreement.” |
• | Make cash distributions in accordance with our distribution policy as discussed below under “—Distributions.” |
Historically, management fees have been more than sufficient to cover all of our “fixed” operating expenses, which we define as salaries and benefits and our non-compensation costs. As explained above under “—Understanding Our Results—Revenues—Incentive Income,” we may recognize incentive income during the first three quarters of the year related to fund investor redemptions during the period. We may also recognize incentive income on assets subject to three-year performance measurement periods for which the measurement period has expired (including the rollover of a portion of these assets into one-year measurement periods upon the conclusion of the initial three-year measurement period), as well as assets in our real estate funds, credit funds and certain other funds we manage. Additionally, we may recognize incentive income for tax distributions related to these assets as discussed in “—Understanding Our Results—Revenues— Incentive Income.”
We cannot predict the amount of incentive income, if any, which we may earn in any given year. Accordingly, we do not rely on incentive income to meet our fixed operating expenses. Total annual revenues, which typically have been influenced by the amount of annual incentive income we earn, historically have been sufficient to fund all of our other working capital needs, including annual discretionary cash bonuses. These cash bonuses, which historically have comprised our largest operating expense, are variable such that, in any year where total annual revenues are greater or less than the prior year, cash bonuses may be adjusted accordingly. Our ability to scale our largest cash operating expense to our total annual revenues helps us manage our cash flow and liquidity position from year to year.
Beginning in 2013, the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners may be eligible to receive discretionary annual Performance Cash Awards each year for a five-year period, if we earn incentive income in the relevant year. The maximum aggregate amount of Performance Cash Awards that may be awarded to all of the Eligible Pre-IPO Partners, collectively, for each year will be capped at 10% of our incentive income earned during that year, up to a maximum of $52.4 million. Whether any Performance Cash Award is awarded to any Eligible Pre-IPO Partner in a particular year, and the amount of such awards, shall be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board in its sole discretion, based on recommendations from Mr. Och for that year. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report for additional information regarding this plan.
Based on our past results, management’s experience and our current level of assets under management, we believe that our existing cash resources, together with the cash generated from management fees, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated fixed operating expenses and other working capital needs for at least the next 12 months. As we have done historically, we will determine the amount of discretionary cash bonuses during the fourth quarter of each year and intend to fund this amount through total annual revenues. Although we cannot predict the amount, if any, of incentive income we may earn, we are able to regularly monitor expected management fees and we believe that we will be able to adjust our expense infrastructure, including discretionary cash bonuses, as needed to meet the requirements of our business and in order to maintain positive operating cash flows. Nevertheless, if we generate insufficient cash flows from operations to meet our short-term liquidity needs, we may have to borrow funds or sell assets, subject to existing contractual arrangements.
We may use cash on hand to repay borrowings under the Delayed Draw Term Loan in part prior to the maturity date, which would reduce amounts available to distribute to our Class A Shareholders. For any amounts unpaid as of the maturity date, we will be required to repay the remaining balance by using cash on hand, refinancing the remaining balance by entering into new credit facilities, which could result in higher borrowing costs, or by raising cash by issuing equity or other securities, which would dilute existing shareholders. No assurance can be given that we will be able to enter into new credit facilities or issue equity or other securities in the future on attractive terms or at all. Any new credit facilities that we may be able to enter into may have covenants that impose additional limitations on us, including with respect to making distributions, entering into business transactions or other matters, and may result in increased interest expense. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations on terms that are favorable to us, our business may be adversely impacted. See “—Debt Obligations” for more information regarding our Delayed Draw Term Loan.
For our other longer-term liquidity requirements, we expect to continue to fund our fixed operating expenses through management fees and to fund discretionary cash bonuses and the repayment of our debt obligations through a combination of management fees and incentive income. We may also decide to meet these requirements by issuing debt
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or additional equity or other securities. Over the long term, we believe we will be able to grow our assets under management and generate positive investment performance in our funds, which we expect will allow us to grow our management fees and incentive income in amounts sufficient to cover our long-term liquidity requirements.
To maintain maximum flexibility to meet demands and opportunities both in the short and long term, and subject to existing contractual arrangements, we may want to retain cash, issue additional equity or borrow additional funds to:
• | Support the future growth in our business. |
• | Create new or enhance existing products and investment platforms. |
• | Repay borrowings. |
• | Pursue new investment opportunities. |
• | Develop new distribution channels. |
Market conditions and other factors may make it more difficult or costly to raise or borrow additional funds. Excessive costs or other significant market barriers may limit or prevent us from maximizing our growth potential and flexibility.
Debt Obligations
In June 2012, we refinanced the indebtedness outstanding under our 2007 Term Loan, as well as the $10.7 million indebtedness outstanding under our aircraft loan. A $384.5 million borrowing under the Delayed Draw Term Loan was used to fund these refinancings, with the balance being used for general corporate purposes. A $6.5 million borrowing under the facility was made in November 2011 to fund a portion of the 2007 Term Loan repurchased and retired in connection with the 2011 Offering. As of September 30, 2012, the total indebtedness outstanding under the Delayed Draw Term Loan was $389.0 million.
Borrowings under the Delayed Draw Term Loan are payable in quarterly installments equal to 0.25% of the amount outstanding on the last day of each quarter, and the balance will be payable upon maturity on November 23, 2016. Any amounts borrowed under the facility and subsequently repaid may not be re-borrowed. Amounts borrowed bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.50%, or a base rate plus 0.50%, and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all assets of the Och-Ziff Operating Group.
The Delayed Draw Term Loan includes two financial maintenance covenants. The first prohibits total assets under management as of the last day of any fiscal quarter to be less than $17.5 billion for two successive quarters, and the second prohibits the “economic income leverage ratio” (as defined in the credit agreement) as of the last day of any fiscal quarter from exceeding 4.0 to 1.0. The Delayed Draw Term Loan allows a limited right to cure an event of default resulting from noncompliance with the economic income leverage ratio test with an equity contribution made to the borrower, OZ Management. Such cure right may not be used more than two times in any four-quarter period or more than three times during the term of the facility. As of September 30, 2012, we were in compliance with these covenants.
The Delayed Draw Term Loan includes provisions that restrict or limit the ability of the Och-Ziff Operating Group from:
• | Incurring further secured indebtedness or issuing certain equity interests. |
• | Creating liens. |
• | Paying dividends in excess of free cash flow (as defined below) or making certain other payments. |
• | Merging, consolidating, selling or otherwise disposing of all or part of its assets. |
• | Engaging in certain transactions with shareholders or affiliates. |
• | Engaging in a substantially different line of business. |
• | Amending its organizational documents in a manner materially adverse to the lenders. |
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The Delayed Draw Term Loan permits the Och-Ziff Operating Group to incur up to $150 million of unsecured indebtedness and additional unsecured indebtedness so long as, after giving effect to the incurrence of such indebtedness, it is in compliance with an economic income leverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) of 4.0 to 1.0 and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. As of September 30, 2012, the Och-Ziff Operating Group had not incurred any unsecured indebtedness. We will not be permitted to make distributions from the Och-Ziff Operating Group to our Class A Shareholders or the holders of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units if we are in default under the Delayed Draw Term Loan.
The Delayed Draw Term Loan also limits the amount of distributions the Och-Ziff Operating Group can pay in a 12-month period to its “free cash flow.” Free cash flow for any period includes the combined net income or loss of the Och-Ziff Operating Group, excluding certain subsidiaries, subject to certain additions and deductions for taxes, interest, depreciation, amortization and other non-cash charges for such period, less total interest paid, expenses in connection with the purchase of property and equipment, distributions to equity holders to pay taxes, plus (or minus) realized gains (or losses) on investments and dividends and interest from investments. As of September 30, 2012, distributions from the Och-Ziff Operating Group were in compliance with the free cash flow covenant.
Tax Receivable Agreement
We have made, and may in the future be required to make, payments under the tax receivable agreement that we entered into with our executive managing directors and the Ziffs. The purchase by the Och-Ziff Operating Group of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units from our executive managing directors and the Ziffs with proceeds from the 2007 Offerings, and subsequent taxable exchanges by them of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units for our Class A Shares on a one-for-one basis (or, at our option, a cash equivalent), resulted, and, in the case of future exchanges, are anticipated to result, in an increase in the tax basis of the assets of the Och-Ziff Operating Group that would not otherwise have been available. We anticipate that any such tax basis adjustment resulting from an exchange will be allocated principally to certain intangible assets of the Och-Ziff Operating Group, and we will derive our tax benefits principally through amortization of these intangibles over a 15-year period. Consequently, these tax basis adjustments will increase, for tax purposes, our depreciation and amortization expenses and will therefore reduce the amount of tax that Och-Ziff Corp and any other future intermediate corporate taxpaying entities that acquire Och-Ziff Operating Group B Units in connection with an exchange, if any, would otherwise be required to pay in the future. Accordingly, pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, such corporate taxpaying entities (including Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC if it is treated as a corporate taxpayer) have agreed to pay our executive managing directors and the Ziffs 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in federal, state and local income taxes in the United States that these entities actually realize related to their units as a result of such increases in tax basis.
In connection with the departure of certain former executive managing directors since the 2007 Offerings, the right to receive payments under the tax receivable agreement by such former executive managing directors was contributed to the Och-Ziff Operating Group. As a result, we expect to pay to our remaining executive managing directors and the Ziffs approximately 77% (from 85% at the time of the 2007 Offerings) of the amount of cash savings, if any, in federal, state and local income taxes in the United States that we actually realize as a result of such increases in tax basis. To the extent that we do not realize any cash savings, we would not be required to make corresponding payments under the tax receivable agreement.
Payments under the tax receivable agreement are anticipated to increase the tax basis adjustment of intangible assets resulting from a prior exchange, with such increase being amortized over the remainder of the amortization period applicable to the original basis adjustment of such intangible assets resulting from such prior exchange. It is anticipated that this will result in increasing annual amortization deductions in the taxable years of and after such increases to the original basis adjustments, and potentially will give rise to increasing tax savings with respect to such years and correspondingly increasing payments under the tax receivable agreement.
As of September 30, 2012, assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and that we generate sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased amortization resulting from the increase in tax basis of our assets, we expect to pay our executive managing directors and the Ziffs approximately $768.2 million over the next 15 years as a result of the cash savings to our intermediate holding companies from the purchase of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units from our executive managing directors and the Ziffs with proceeds from the 2007 Offerings and the exchange of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units for Class A Shares. Future cash savings and related payments to our
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executive managing directors under the tax receivable agreement in respect of subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts. The obligation to make payments under the tax receivable agreement is an obligation of the intermediate corporate taxpaying entities and not of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities. We may need to incur debt to finance payments under the tax receivable agreement to the extent the entities within the Och-Ziff Operating Group do not distribute cash to our intermediate corporate tax paying entities in an amount sufficient to meet our obligations under the tax receivable agreement.
The actual increase in tax basis of the Och-Ziff Operating Group assets resulting from an exchange or from payments under the tax receivable agreement, as well as the amortization thereof and the timing and amount of payments under the tax receivable agreement, will vary based upon a number of factors, including those described below:
• | The amount and timing of the income of Och-Ziff Corp will impact the payments to be made under the tax receivable agreement. To the extent that Och-Ziff Corp does not have sufficient taxable income to utilize the amortization deductions available as a result of the increased tax basis in the Och-Ziff Operating Group assets, payments required under the tax receivable agreement would be reduced. |
• | The price of our Class A Shares at the time of any exchange will determine the actual increase in tax basis of the Och-Ziff Operating Group assets resulting from such exchange; payments under the tax receivable agreement resulting from future exchanges, if any, will be dependent in part upon such actual increase in tax basis. |
• | The composition of the Och-Ziff Operating Group’s assets at the time of any exchange will determine the extent to which Och-Ziff Corp may benefit from amortizing its increased tax basis in such assets and thus will impact the amount of future payments under the tax receivable agreement resulting from any future exchanges. |
• | The extent to which future exchanges are taxable will impact the extent to which Och-Ziff Corp will receive an increase in tax basis of the Och-Ziff Operating Group assets as a result of such exchanges, and thus will impact the benefit derived by Och-Ziff Corp and the resulting payments, if any, to be made under the tax receivable agreement. |
• | The tax rates in effect at the time any potential tax savings are realized, which would affect the amount of any future payments under the tax receivable agreement. |
Depending upon the outcome of these factors, payments that we may be obligated to make to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs under the tax receivable agreement in respect of exchanges could be substantial. In light of the numerous factors affecting our obligation to make payments under the tax receivable agreement, the timing and amounts of any such actual payments are not reasonably ascertainable.
Dividends and Distributions
The following table presents the cash dividends declared on our Class A Shares in 2012 and the related cash distributions to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs with respect to their direct ownership interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group:
Class A Shares | ||||||||||
Payment Date | Record Date | Dividend per Share | Related Distributions to Executive Managing Directors and the Ziffs (dollars in thousands) | |||||||
November 19, 2012 | November 12, 2012 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 48,806 | |||||
August 20, 2012 | August 13, 2012 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 57,635 | |||||
May 21, 2012 | May 14, 2012 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 42,686 | |||||
February 28, 2012 | February 21, 2012 | $ | 0.04 | $ | 15,245 |
We intend to distribute to our Class A Shareholders substantially all of their pro rata share of our annual Economic Income (as described above under “—Economic Income Analysis”) in excess of amounts determined by us to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business, to pay income taxes, to pay any amounts owed under the tax receivable agreement, to make appropriate investments in our business and our funds, and to make payments on any of our obligations.
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When we pay dividends on our Class A Shares, we intend to make corresponding distributions to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs on their interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group, subject to the terms of the limited partnership agreements of the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities.
The declaration and payment of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors, which may change our distribution policy or reduce or eliminate our distributions at any time in its discretion. Our Board of Directors will take into account such factors as it may deem relevant, including general economic and business conditions; our strategic plans and prospects; our business and investment opportunities; our financial condition and operating results; working capital requirements and anticipated cash needs; contractual restrictions and obligations, including payment obligations pursuant to the tax receivable agreement and restrictions pursuant to our term loan; legal, tax and regulatory restrictions; and other restrictions and limitations on the payment of distributions by us to our Class A Shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
The declaration and payment of any distribution may be subject to legal, contractual or other restrictions. For example, as a Delaware limited liability company, Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC is not permitted to make distributions if and to the extent that after giving effect to such distributions, its liabilities would exceed the fair value of its assets. We are also not permitted to make distributions if we are in default under our term loan. Our term loan also limits the amount of distributions we can pay to our “free cash flow,” as discussed above. Our cash needs and payment obligations may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, and we may have material unexpected expenses in any period. This may cause amounts available for distribution to significantly fluctuate from quarter to quarter or may reduce or eliminate such amounts.
Additionally, RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2012 accrue dividend equivalents equal to the dividend amounts paid on our Class A Shares. To date, these dividend equivalents have been awarded in the form of additional RSUs, which accrue additional dividends. The dividend equivalents will be paid if and when the related RSUs vest. Our Board of Directors has the right to determine whether the RSUs and any related dividend equivalents will be settled in Class A Shares or in cash. We currently withhold shares to satisfy the tax withholding obligations of holders of vested RSUs and dividend equivalents, which results in the use of cash from operations or borrowings to satisfy these tax-withholding payments.
In accordance with the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities’ limited partnership agreements, we may cause the applicable Och-Ziff Operating Group entities to distribute cash to the intermediate holding companies, the executive managing directors and the Ziffs in an amount at least equal to the presumed maximum tax liabilities arising from their direct ownership in these entities. The presumed maximum tax liabilities are based upon the presumed maximum income allocable to any such unit holder at the maximum combined U.S. federal, New York State and New York City tax rates. Holders of our Class A Shares may not always receive distributions at a time when our intermediate holding companies, the executive managing directors and the Ziffs are receiving distributions on their interests, as distributions to our intermediate holding companies may be used to settle tax liabilities, if any, or other obligations. Such tax distributions will take into account the disproportionate income allocation (but not a disproportionate cash allocation) to the unit holders with respect to “built-in gain assets,” if any, at the time of the 2007 Offerings. Consequently, Och-Ziff Operating Group tax distributions may be greater than if such assets had a tax basis equal to their value at the time of the 2007 Offerings.
Our cash distribution policy has certain risks and limitations, particularly with respect to our liquidity. Although we expect to pay distributions according to our policy, we may not make distributions according to our policy, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay the distribution. Moreover, if the Och-Ziff Operating Group’s cash flows from operations are insufficient to enable it to make required minimum tax distributions discussed above, the Och-Ziff Operating Group may have to borrow funds or sell assets, and thus our liquidity and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Furthermore, by paying cash distributions rather than investing that cash in our businesses, we might risk slowing the pace of our growth, or not having a sufficient amount of cash to fund our obligations, operations, new investments or unanticipated capital expenditures, should the need arise. In such event, we may not be able to execute our business and growth strategy to the extent intended.
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Our Funds’ Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our funds have access to liquidity from our prime brokers and other counterparties. Additionally, our funds may have committed facilities in addition to regular financing from our counterparties. These sources of liquidity provide our funds with additional financing resources, allowing them to take advantage of opportunities in the global marketplace.
Our funds’ current liquidity position could be adversely impacted by any substantial, unanticipated investor redemptions from our funds that are made within a short time period. As discussed above in “—Assets Under Management,” capital contributions from investors in our funds generally are subject to initial lock-up periods of one to three years. Following the expiration of these lock-up periods, subject to certain limitations, investors may redeem capital generally on a quarterly or annual basis upon giving 30 to 45 days prior written notice. These lock-ups and redemption notice periods help us to manage our liquidity position. However, upon the payment of a redemption fee to the applicable fund and upon giving 30 days prior written notice, certain investors may redeem capital during the lock-up period.
We also follow a thorough risk management process and regularly monitor the liquidity of our funds’ portfolios in relation to economic and market factors and the timing of potential investor redemptions. As a result of this process, we may determine to reduce exposure or increase the liquidity of our funds’ portfolios at any time, whether in response to global economic and market conditions, redemption requests or otherwise. For these reasons, we believe we will be well prepared to address market conditions and redemption requests, as well as any other events, with limited impact on our funds’ liquidity position. Nevertheless, significant redemptions made during a single quarter could adversely affect our funds’ liquidity position, as we may meet redemptions by using our funds’ available cash or selling assets (possibly at a loss). Such actions would result in lower assets under management, which would reduce the amount of management fees and incentive income we may earn. Our funds could also meet redemption requests by increasing leverage, provided we are able to obtain financing on reasonable terms, if at all. We believe our funds have sufficient liquidity to meet any anticipated redemptions for the foreseeable future.
Cash Flows Analysis
Operating Activities. Net cash from operating activities was $(148.1) million and $361.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The decrease in net cash from operating activities was primarily due to lower incentive income in 2011 compared to 2010, as incentive income is generally collected from our funds and paid out as dividends and distributions during the first quarter of the following year. Additionally, net cash from operating activities also declined due to the investment activities of the consolidated funds, as these entities are investment companies for GAAP purposes, and therefore their investment-related cash flows are classified within operating activities. These investment-related cash flows are of the consolidated funds and do not directly impact the cash flows related to our Class A Shareholders. In both periods, net cash flows from operating activities also included the collection of current-year management fees, less interest expense and other cash operating expenses.
Investing Activities.There were no significant changes in the net cash used in investing activities for the periods presented, as investment-related cash flows of the consolidated Och-Ziff funds are classified within operating activities.
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Financing Activities.Net cash from financing activities was $185.6 million and $(306.7) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase in net cash from financing activities was primarily due to a $384.5 million drawdown under the Delayed Draw Term Loan, which was used primarily to refinance the $364.6 million indebtedness outstanding under the 2007 Term Loan and the $10.7 million indebtedness outstanding under our aircraft loan. The increase in net cash from financing activities was also driven by an increase in capital contributions by fund investors into the consolidated funds (noncontrolling interests), as cash flows from financing activities include contributions from and distributions to the fund investors in our consolidated funds. These increases in net cash from financing activities were partially offset by a decline in distributions to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs on their Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units, as well as a decline in dividends paid to our Class A Shareholders. We paid dividends to our Class A Shareholders of $39.4 million in the first nine months of 2012 compared to $94.9 million in the first nine months of 2011, and paid distributions to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs on their Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units of $112.7 million in the first nine months of 2012 compared to $362.4 million in the first nine months of 2011. These decreases in dividends and distributions were primarily due to lower incentive income in 2011 compared to 2010. Incentive income in a given year is generally collected from our funds and paid out as dividends and distributions during the first quarter of the following year.
Contractual Obligations
In June 2012, we refinanced the indebtedness outstanding under our 2007 Term Loan and our aircraft loan. A $384.5 million borrowing under the Delayed Draw Term Loan was used to fund these refinancings, with the balance being used for general corporate purposes. The table below presents the required principal payments due under the Delayed Draw Term Loan, our only outstanding long-term indebtedness following the refinancing of our 2007 Term Loan and our aircraft loan, as well as expected future interest payments based on the LIBOR rates that were in effect as of September 30, 2012. There have been no other significant changes to the contractual obligations reported in our Annual Report.
October 2012 - December 2012 | 2013 - 2014 | 2015 - 2016 | Total | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 973 | $ | 7,693 | $ | 380,349 | $ | 389,015 | ||||||||
Estimated interest on long-term debt based on LIBOR at September 30, 2012 | $ | 1,888 | $ | 14,496 | $ | 13,495 | $ | 29,879 |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2012, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies are those that require us to make significant judgments, estimates or assumptions that affect amounts reported in our financial statements or the notes thereto. We base our judgments, estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable and prudent. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report for a description of our accounting policies. The following is a summary of what we believe to be our most critical accounting policies and estimates:
Fair Value of Investments
The valuation of investments held by our funds is the most critical estimate made by management impacting our results. Pursuant to specialized accounting for investment companies under GAAP, investments held by the Och-Ziff funds are carried at their estimated fair values. The valuation of investments held by our funds has a significant impact on our results, as our management fees and incentive income are generally determined based on the fair value of these investments.
GAAP prioritizes the level of market price observability used in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of assets and liabilities and the specific characteristics of the assets and liabilities. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into one of the following categories:
• | Level I – Fair value is determined using quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The types of assets and liabilities that would generally be included in this category are certain listed equities, sovereign debt of developed nations and listed derivatives. |
• | Level II – Fair value is determined using quotations received from dealers making a market for these assets or liabilities (“broker quotes”), valuations obtained from independent third-party pricing services, the use of models, or other valuation methodologies based on pricing inputs that are either directly or indirectly market observable as of the measurement date. Consideration is given to the nature of the broker quotes (e.g., indicative or executable). Assets and liabilities for which executable broker quotes are significant inputs in determining the fair value of an asset or liability are included within Level II. The types of assets and liabilities that would generally be included in this category include certain corporate bonds, certain credit default swap contracts, certain bank debt securities, less liquid and restricted equity securities, forward contracts and certain over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. |
• | Level III – Fair value is determined using pricing inputs that are unobservable in the market and includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. The fair value for assets and liabilities in this category may require significant judgment or estimation in determining fair value of the assets or liabilities. The fair value of these assets and liabilities may be estimated using a combination of observed transaction prices, independent pricing services, relevant broker quotes, models or other valuation methodologies based on pricing inputs that are neither directly or indirectly market observable. Assets and liabilities for which indicative broker quotes are significant inputs in determining the fair value of an asset or liability are included within Level III. The types of assets and liabilities that would generally be included in this category include equity and debt securities issued by private entities, limited partnerships, certain corporate bonds, certain credit default swap contracts, certain bank debt securities, certain commercial real estate debt securities, certain OTC derivatives, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations. |
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
As of September 30, 2012, the absolute values of our funds’ invested assets and liabilities were classified within the fair value hierarchy as follows: approximately 47% within Level I; approximately 16% within Level II; and approximately 37% within Level III. As of December 31, 2011, the absolute values of our funds’ invested assets and liabilities were classified within the fair value hierarchy as follows: approximately 48% within Level I; approximately 20% within Level II; and approximately 32% within Level III. The percentage of our funds’ assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy will fluctuate based on the investments made at any given time and such fluctuations could be significant. A portion of our funds’ Level III assets relate to Special Investments or other investments on which we do not earn any incentive income until such investments are sold or otherwise realized. Upon the sale or realization event of these assets, any realized profits are included in the calculation of incentive income for such year. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of our funds’ Level III assets may not have any relation to the amount of incentive income actually earned with respect to such assets.
Valuation of Investments.Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The fair value of our funds’ investments is based on observable market prices when available. Such values are generally based on the last sales price.
We, as the investment manager of the Och-Ziff funds, determine the fair value of investments that are not actively traded on a recognized securities exchange or otherwise lack a readily ascertainable market value. The methods and procedures to value these investments may include, but are not limited to: (i) performing comparisons with prices of comparable or similar securities; (ii) obtaining valuation-related information from the issuers; (iii) calculating the present value of future cash flows; (iv) assessing other analytical data and information relating to the investment that is an
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indication of value; (v) obtaining information provided by third parties; (vi) reviewing the amounts invested in these investments; and (vii) evaluating financial information provided by the management of these investments. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report for additional information.
Significant judgment and estimation goes into the assumptions that drive our valuation methodologies and procedures for assets that are not actively traded on a recognized securities exchange or otherwise lack a readily ascertainable market value. The actual amounts ultimately realized could differ materially from the values estimated based on the use of these methodologies. Realizations at values significantly lower than the values at which investments have been reflected could result in losses at the fund level and a decline in future management fees and incentive income. Such situations may also negatively impact fund investor perception of our valuation policies and procedures, which could result in redemptions and difficulties in raising additional capital.
We have established an internal control infrastructure over the valuation of financial instruments that requires ongoing oversight by our Financial Control Group as well as periodic audits by our Internal Audit Group. These management control functions are segregated from the trading and investing functions. We have also established a Valuation Committee, comprised of non-investment professionals, that is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the pricing of our funds’ investments and performing periodic due diligence reviews of independent pricing services. The Valuation Committee may obtain input from investment professionals for consideration in carrying out their responsibilities.
We employ resources to help ensure that the Financial Control and Internal Audit Groups are able to function at an appropriate quality level. We consider the segregation of duties within our internal control infrastructure. Specifically, the Financial Control Group is responsible for establishing and monitoring compliance with valuation policies. Our Internal Audit Group employs a risk-based program of audit coverage that is designed to provide an independent assessment of the design and effectiveness of controls over our operations, regulatory compliance, valuation of financial instruments and reporting, as well as reporting compliance with these controls to our Audit Committee. Additionally, our Internal Audit Group meets with management periodically to evaluate and provide guidance on the existing risk framework and control environment assessments. Within our trading and investing functions, we have established policies and procedures that relate to the approval of all new transaction types, transaction pricing sources and fair value hierarchy coding within our financial reporting system. The appropriate internal and external resources with technical expertise and product, market and industry knowledge, perform independent verification of prices, profit and loss review, and validation of the models used in our valuation process.
The analysis used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments is generally related to the level of observable pricing inputs. For Level III inputs that are less observable, to the extent possible, procedures have been established to discuss the valuation methodology, including pricing techniques, with senior management of the trading and investing functions, to compare the inputs to observable inputs for similar positions, to review subsequent secondary market activities and to perform comparisons of actual versus projected cash flows. We review a daily profit and loss report, as well as other periodic reports, and analyze material changes from period-to-period in the valuation of investments. We also perform back testing on a regular basis by comparing prices observed in executed transactions to previous valuations. Pricing services may be used regularly to verify that our internal valuations are reasonable.
As of September 30, 2012, the only assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated balance sheet were the investment holdings of the consolidated Och-Ziff funds. The majority of the investments held by the consolidated Och-Ziff funds are valued using sources other than observable market data, which are considered to be within Level III of the fair value hierarchy. However, substantially all of these fair value changes are absorbed by the investors of these funds (noncontrolling interests).
The following table presents our net economic exposure to these Level III investments:
September 30, 2012 | ||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||
Level III assets and liabilities (net) of consolidated Och-Ziff funds | $ | 1,362,216 | ||
Less: Level III assets and liabilities (net) for which we do not bear economic exposure | (1,358,636 | ) | ||
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| |||
Net Economic Exposure to Level III Assets and Liabilities (net) | $ | 3,580 | ||
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Impact of Fair Value Measurement on Our Results. A 10% change in the estimate of fair value of the investments held by our funds would have the following effects on our results:
Hedge Funds | Real Estate and Certain Other Funds | |||
Management fees | Generally, a 10% change in the period subsequent to the change in fair value, as management fees are charged based on the assets under management at the beginning of the period. | None, as management fees are generally charged based on committed capital during the original investment period and invested capital thereafter. | ||
Incentive income | Generally, an immediate 10% impact if the change in fair value continues at the end of the measurement period, at which time incentive income is recognized, and assuming no high-water marks in effect. | None, as incentive income is recognized based on realized profits and when no longer subject to clawback. |
For additional information regarding the impact that the fair value measurement of assets under management has on our results, please see “Part I—Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
Variable Interest Entities
The determination of whether or not to consolidate a variable interest entity under GAAP requires a significant amount of judgment concerning the degree of control over an entity by its holders of variable interests. To make these judgments, management has conducted an analysis, on a case-by-case basis, of the relationship of the holders of variable interests to each other, the design of the entity, the expected operations of the entity, which holder of variable interests is most “closely associated” to the entity and which holder of variable interests is the primary beneficiary required to consolidate the entity. Upon the occurrence of certain events, such as redemptions by all unaffiliated investors in any fund and modifications to fund organizational documents and investment management agreements, management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a variable interest entity. Additionally, management continually reconsiders whether we are a variable interest entity’s primary beneficiary who would consolidate such entity.
Income Taxes
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is established when management believes it is more likely than not that a deferred income tax asset will not be realized.
Substantially all of our deferred income tax assets relate to the goodwill and other intangible assets deductible for tax purposes by Och-Ziff Corp that arose in connection with the purchase of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units from our executive managing directors and the Ziffs with proceeds from the 2007 Offerings, subsequent exchanges of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units for Class A Shares and subsequent payments to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs made under the tax receivable agreement, in addition to any related net operating loss carryforward. In accordance with relevant provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, we expect to take these goodwill and other intangible deductions over the 15-year period following the 2007 Offerings and the additional 20-year loss carryforward period available to us. Our analysis of whether we expect to have sufficient future taxable income to realize these deductions is based solely on estimates over this period.
Och-Ziff Corp generated taxable income of $79.2 million in the first nine months of 2012 before taking into account deductions related to the amortization of the goodwill and other intangible assets. We determined that we would need to generate taxable income of at least $2.2 billion over the remaining 10-year weighted-average amortization period and the additional 20-year loss carryforward period available to us in order to fully realize the deferred income tax assets. In this regard, Reorganization expenses and certain other expenses are considered permanent book to tax differences, and therefore do not impact taxable income. Accordingly, while we reported net losses on a GAAP basis, and expect to continue to report a GAAP net loss on an annual basis through 2012, we generated income before the amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets on a tax basis over these prior periods. As of September 30, 2012, using the estimates and assumptions discussed below, we expect to generate sufficient taxable income over the remaining amortization and loss carryforward periods available to us in order to fully realize these deferred income tax assets.
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To generate $2.2 billion in taxable income over the remaining amortization and loss carryforward periods available to us, we estimated that, based on assets under management of $31.0 billion as of October 1, 2012, we would need to generate a minimum compound annual growth rate in assets under management of less than 1% over the period for which the taxable income estimate relates to fully realize the deferred income tax assets, assuming no performance-related growth, and therefore no incentive income. The assumed nature and amount of this estimated growth rate are not based on historical results or current expectations of future growth; however, the other assumptions underlying the taxable income estimate, such as general maintenance of current expense ratios and cost allocation percentages among the Och-Ziff Operating Group entities, which impact the amount of taxable income flowing through our legal structure, are based on our near-term operating budget. If our actual growth rate in assets under management falls below this minimum threshold for any extended time during the period for which these estimates relate and we do not otherwise experience offsetting growth rates in other periods, we may not generate taxable income sufficient to realize the deferred income tax assets and may need to record a valuation allowance.
Management regularly reviews the model used to generate the estimates, including the underlying assumptions. If it determines that a valuation allowance is required for any reason, the amount would be determined based on the relevant circumstances at that time. To the extent we record a valuation allowance against our deferred income tax assets related to the goodwill and other intangible assets, we would record a corresponding decrease in the liability to our executive managing directors and the Ziffs under the tax receivable agreement equal to approximately 77% of such amount; therefore, our net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders would only be impacted by 23% of any valuation allowance recorded against the deferred income tax assets.
Actual taxable income may differ from the estimate described above, which was prepared solely for determining whether we currently expect to have sufficient future taxable income to realize the deferred income tax assets. Furthermore, actual or estimated future taxable income may be materially impacted by significant changes in assets under management, whether as a result of fund investment performance or fund investor contributions or redemptions, significant changes to the assumptions underlying our estimates, future changes in income tax law, state income tax apportionment or other factors.
As of September 30, 2012, we had $141.3 million of net operating losses available to offset future taxable income for federal income tax purposes that will expire between 2029 and 2032, and $133.4 million of net operating losses available to offset future taxable income for state income tax purposes and $123.8 million for local income tax purposes that will expire between 2028 and 2032. Based on the analysis set forth above, as of September 30, 2012, we have determined that it is not necessary to record a valuation allowance with respect to our deferred income tax assets related to the goodwill and other intangible assets deductible for tax purposes, and any related net operating loss carryforward. We have, however, determined that we may not realize certain deferred state income tax credits. Accordingly, a valuation allowance for $8.2 million has been established for these credits.
Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements on Recent and Future Trends
None of the changes to GAAP that went into effect during the first nine months of 2012 is expected to have an impact on our future trends.
Expected Impact of Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements on Future Trends
None of the changes to GAAP that are not yet effective is expected to have an impact on our future trends.
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Economic Income Reconciliations
The following tables present the reconciliations of Economic Income to our GAAP net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders for the periods presented in this MD&A:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A Shareholders—GAAP | $ | (128,661 | ) | $ | 1,152 | $ | (127,509 | ) | ||||
Reorganization expenses | 398,503 | — | 398,503 | |||||||||
Net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | (231,234 | ) | — | (231,234 | ) | |||||||
Income taxes | 19,126 | 1 | 19,127 | |||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 16,200 | 19 | 16,219 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual fund performance | 3,643 | — | 3,643 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,217 | 189 | 2,406 | |||||||||
Change in tax receivable agreement liability | (1,519 | ) | — | (1,519 | ) | |||||||
Other | 1,767 | (117 | ) | 1,650 | ||||||||
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Economic Income—Non-GAAP | $ | 80,042 | $ | 1,244 | $ | 81,286 | ||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A Shareholders—GAAP | $ | (97,070 | ) | $ | 3,946 | $ | (93,124 | ) | ||||
Reorganization expenses | 408,594 | — | 408,594 | |||||||||
Net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | (268,155 | ) | — | (268,155 | ) | |||||||
Equity-based compensation | 32,855 | (3,222 | ) | 29,633 | ||||||||
Income taxes | 24,175 | 142 | 24,317 | |||||||||
Change in tax receivable agreement liability | (16,512 | ) | — | (16,512 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,201 | 188 | 2,389 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual fund performance | (1,054 | ) | — | (1,054 | ) | |||||||
Other | 602 | (69 | ) | 533 | ||||||||
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Economic Income—Non-GAAP | $ | 85,636 | $ | 985 | $ | 86,621 | ||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A Shareholders—GAAP | $ | (368,727 | ) | $ | 2,232 | $ | (366,495 | ) | ||||
Reorganization expenses | 1,195,335 | — | 1,195,335 | |||||||||
Net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | (689,883 | ) | — | (689,883 | ) | |||||||
Equity-based compensation | 50,236 | 58 | 50,294 | |||||||||
Income taxes | 46,013 | 9 | 46,022 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 6,523 | 562 | 7,085 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual fund performance | 6,608 | — | 6,608 | |||||||||
Change in tax receivable agreement liability | (1,570 | ) | — | (1,570 | ) | |||||||
Other | 4,156 | (397 | ) | 3,759 | ||||||||
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Economic Income—Non-GAAP | $ | 248,691 | $ | 2,464 | $ | 251,155 | ||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A Shareholders—GAAP | $ | (286,238 | ) | $ | 4,288 | $ | (281,950 | ) | ||||
Reorganization expenses | 1,213,761 | — | 1,213,761 | |||||||||
Net loss allocated to the Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units | (814,795 | ) | — | (814,795 | ) | |||||||
Equity-based compensation | 99,001 | (65 | ) | 98,936 | ||||||||
Income taxes | 42,574 | (218 | ) | 42,356 | ||||||||
Change in tax receivable agreement liability | (16,357 | ) | — | (16,357 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 6,694 | 559 | 7,253 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual fund performance | 2,170 | — | 2,170 | |||||||||
Other | 2,338 | (204 | ) | 2,134 | ||||||||
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Economic Income—Non-GAAP | $ | 249,148 | $ | 4,360 | $ | 253,508 | ||||||
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Economic Income Revenues
The following tables present the reconciliations of Economic Income revenues and its components to the respective GAAP measure for the periods presented in this MD&A:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees—GAAP | $ | 122,973 | $ | 2,923 | $ | 125,896 | $ | 125,346 | $ | 3,170 | $ | 128,516 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment to management fees(1) | (3,886 | ) | — | (3,886 | ) | (4,239 | ) | — | (4,239 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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Management fees—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | 119,087 | 2,923 | 122,010 | 121,107 | 3,170 | 124,277 | ||||||||||||||||||
Incentive income(2) | 8,081 | — | 8,081 | 8,058 | — | 8,058 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues(2) | 289 | 2 | 291 | 562 | 41 | 603 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total Economic Income Revenues—Non-GAAP | $ | 127,457 | $ | 2,925 | $ | 130,382 | $ | 129,727 | $ | 3,211 | $ | 132,938 | ||||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees—GAAP | $ | 367,801 | $ | 7,669 | $ | 375,470 | $ | 365,963 | $ | 12,243 | $ | 378,206 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment to management fees(1) | (12,359 | ) | — | (12,359 | ) | (10,630 | ) | — | (10,630 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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Management fees—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | 355,442 | 7,669 | 363,111 | 355,333 | 12,243 | 367,576 | ||||||||||||||||||
Incentive income(2) | 27,716 | — | 27,716 | 21,891 | — | 21,891 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues(2) | 770 | 105 | 875 | 1,454 | 185 | 1,639 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total Economic Income Revenues—Non-GAAP | $ | 383,928 | $ | 7,774 | $ | 391,702 | $ | 378,678 | $ | 12,428 | $ | 391,106 | ||||||||||||
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(1) | Adjustment to present management fees net of recurring placement and related service fees, as management considers these fees a reduction in management fees, not an expense. The impact of eliminations related to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds is also removed. |
(2) | These items are presented on a GAAP basis, accordingly no adjustments to or reconciliations of these items are presented. |
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Economic Income Expenses
The following tables present the reconciliations of Economic Income expenses and its components to the respective GAAP measure for the periods presented in this MD&A:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits—GAAP | $ | 43,976 | $ | 958 | $ | 44,934 | $ | 55,643 | $ | (2,269 | ) | $ | 53,374 | |||||||||||
Adjustment to compensation and benefits(1) | (21,654 | ) | (19 | ) | (21,673 | ) | (32,373 | ) | 3,222 | (29,151 | ) | |||||||||||||
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Compensation and Benefits—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | $ | 22,322 | $ | 939 | $ | 23,261 | $ | 23,270 | $ | 953 | $ | 24,223 | ||||||||||||
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Interest expense and general, administrative and other expenses—GAAP | $ | 32,006 | $ | 429 | $ | 32,435 | $ | 11,752 | $ | 1,067 | $ | 12,819 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment to interest expense and general, administrative and other expenses(2) | (6,654 | ) | (189 | ) | (6,843 | ) | 9,150 | (189 | ) | 8,961 | ||||||||||||||
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Non-Compensation Expenses—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | $ | 25,352 | $ | 240 | $ | 25,592 | $ | 20,902 | $ | 878 | $ | 21,780 | ||||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits—GAAP | $ | 124,211 | $ | 2,914 | $ | 127,125 | $ | 171,098 | $ | 2,724 | $ | 173,822 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment to compensation and benefits(1) | (61,088 | ) | (58 | ) | (61,146 | ) | (103,156 | ) | 65 | (103,091 | ) | |||||||||||||
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Compensation and Benefits—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | $ | 63,123 | $ | 2,856 | $ | 65,979 | $ | 67,942 | $ | 2,789 | $ | 70,731 | ||||||||||||
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Interest expense and general, administrative and other expenses—GAAP | $ | 94,362 | $ | 1,728 | $ | 96,090 | $ | 65,526 | $ | 3,608 | $ | 69,134 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment to interest expense and general, administrative and other expenses(2) | (22,210 | ) | (562 | ) | (22,772 | ) | (3,653 | ) | (559 | ) | (4,212 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Non-Compensation Expenses—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | $ | 72,152 | $ | 1,166 | $ | 73,318 | $ | 61,873 | $ | 3,049 | $ | 64,922 | ||||||||||||
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(1) | Adjustment to exclude equity-based compensation, as management does not consider these non-cash expenses to be reflective of our operating performance. Additionally, the full amount of deferred cash compensation and expenses related to compensation arrangements based on annual investment performance is recognized on the date it is determined (generally in the fourth quarter of each year), as management determines the total amount of compensation based on our performance in the year of the award. |
(2) | Adjustment to exclude depreciation, amortization and changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, as management does not consider these items to be reflective of our operating performance. Additionally, recurring placement and related service fees are excluded, as management considers these fees a reduction in management fees, not an expense. |
Other Economic Income Items
The following tables present the reconciliations of other items included in Economic Income to the respective GAAP measure for the periods presented in this MD&A:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains on investments in Och-Ziff funds and joint ventures—GAAP | $ | 317 | $ | — | $ | 317 | $ | 49 | $ | 152 | $ | 201 | ||||||||||||
Adjustment to net gains on investments in | (59 | ) | — | (59 | ) | 32 | — | 32 | ||||||||||||||||
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Net Gains on Joint Ventures(2) | $ | 258 | $ | — | $ | 258 | $ | 81 | $ | 152 | $ | 233 | ||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interests—GAAP | $ | (187,039 | ) | $ | 25,407 | $ | (161,632 | ) | $ | (276,194 | ) | $ | 3,021 | $ | (273,173 | ) | ||||||||
Adjustment to net income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interests(3) | 187,038 | (24,905 | ) | 162,133 | 276,194 | (2,474 | ) | 273,720 | ||||||||||||||||
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Net Income (Loss) Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 502 | $ | 501 | $ | — | $ | 547 | $ | 547 | |||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | Och-Ziff Funds Segment | Other Operations | Total Company | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on investments in Och-Ziff funds and joint ventures—GAAP | $ | 140 | $ | (111 | ) | $ | 29 | $ | 319 | $ | 94 | $ | 413 | |||||||||||
Adjustment to net gains (losses) on investments in Och-Ziff funds and joint ventures(1) | (103 | ) | — | (103 | ) | (34 | ) | — | (34 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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Net Gains (Losses) on Joint Ventures(2) | $ | 37 | $ | (111 | ) | $ | (74 | ) | $ | 285 | $ | 94 | $ | 379 | ||||||||||
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Net income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interests—GAAP | $ | (610,998 | ) | $ | 95,635 | $ | (515,363 | ) | $ | (817,277 | ) | $ | 23,160 | $ | (794,117 | ) | ||||||||
Adjustment to net income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interests(3) | 610,997 | (94,458 | ) | 516,539 | 817,277 | (20,836 | ) | 796,441 | ||||||||||||||||
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Net Income (Loss) Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests—Economic Income Basis—Non-GAAP | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 1,177 | $ | 1,176 | $ | — | $ | 2,324 | $ | 2,324 | |||||||||||
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(1) | Adjustment to exclude net gains (losses) on investments in Och-Ziff funds, as management does not consider these gains (losses) to be reflective of our operating performance. |
(2) | Represents the net gains (losses) on joint ventures established to expand certain of our private investments platforms. |
(3) | Adjustment to exclude amounts allocated to the executive managing directors and the Ziffs on their interests in the Och-Ziff Operating Group, as management reviews operating performance at the Och-Ziff Operating Group level. We conduct substantially all of our activities through the Och-Ziff Operating Group. Additionally, the impact of the consolidated Och-Ziff funds, including the allocation of earnings (losses) to investors in those funds, is also removed. |
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
Our predominant exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment manager for the Och-Ziff funds, and the sensitivities to movements in the fair value of their investments that may adversely affect our management fees and incentive income.
Fair value of the financial assets and liabilities of the Och-Ziff funds may fluctuate in response to changes in the value of investments, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. The fair value changes in the assets and liabilities of the Och-Ziff funds affect the management fees and incentive income we may earn from the funds.
With regards to the consolidated Och-Ziff funds, the net effect of these fair value changes primarily impacts the net gains (losses) of consolidated Och-Ziff funds in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss; however, substantially all of these fair value changes are absorbed by the investors of these funds (noncontrolling interests).
Impact on Management Fees
Management fees for our hedge funds are generally based on the net asset value of those funds. Accordingly, management fees will generally change in proportion to changes in the fair value of investments held by our funds. Management fees for our real estate funds and certain other funds are generally based on committed capital during the original investment period and invested capital thereafter; therefore, management fees are not impacted by changes in the fair value of investments held by those funds.
Impact on Incentive Income
Our incentive income is generally based on a percentage of annual profits generated by our funds, which is impacted by global market conditions and other factors. Major factors that influence the degree of impact include how the investments held by our funds are impacted by changes in the market and the extent to which any high-water marks impact our ability to earn incentive income. Consequently, incentive income cannot be readily predicted or estimated.
Market Risk
The amount of our assets under management is primarily based on the net asset value of each of our hedge funds and committed or invested capital for our real estate and certain other funds. A 10% change in the fair value of the investments held by our funds as of September 30, 2012 would result in a change of approximately $2.9 billion in our assets under management. A 10% change in the fair value of the investments held by our funds as of December 31, 2011 would have resulted in a change of approximately $2.7 billion in our assets under management.
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A 10% change in the fair value of the investments held by our funds as of October 1, 2012 (the date management fees are calculated for the fourth quarter), would impact our annual management fees by approximately $11.6 million. A 10% change in the fair value of the investments held by our funds as of January 1, 2012, would have impacted our annual management fees by approximately $11.4 million.
A 10% change in the fair value of the investments held by our funds as of the end of any year (excluding unrealized gains and losses in Special Investments or other investments on which we do not earn any incentive income until such investments are sold or otherwise realized), could significantly affect our incentive income by a corresponding amount, as incentive income is generally based on a percentage of annual profits generated by our funds. We do not earn incentive income on unrealized gains attributable to Special Investments and certain other investments, and therefore a change in the fair value of those investments would have no effect on incentive income.
Exchange Rate Risk
Our funds hold investments denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies, which may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. We estimate that as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, a 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar against all or any combination of currencies to which our funds have exposure to exchange rates would not have a material effect on our revenues, net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders or Economic Income.
Interest Rate Risk
Our debt obligations bear interest at rates indexed to LIBOR. We estimate that as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, a 10% increase or decrease in LIBOR would not have a material effect on our annual interest expense, net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders or Economic Income.
Our funds have financing arrangements and hold credit instruments that accrue interest at variable rates. Interest rate changes may therefore impact the amount of interest payments, future earnings and cash flows. In the event LIBOR, and rates directly or indirectly tied to LIBOR, were to increase by 10% over LIBOR as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, based on our funds’ debt investments and obligations as of such date, we estimate that the net effect on our revenues, net loss allocated to Class A Shareholders or Economic Income would not have been material. A tightening of credit and an increase in prevailing interest rates could make it more difficult for us to raise capital and sustain the growth rate of the funds.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparties or debt issuers may fail to fulfill their obligations or that the collateral value may become inadequate to cover our exposure. We manage credit risk by monitoring the credit exposure to and the creditworthiness of counterparties, requiring additional collateral where appropriate.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As of September 30, 2012, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that occurred in the third quarter of 2012 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.
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Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
We are not currently subject to any pending judicial, administrative or arbitration proceedings that we expect to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We are from time to time involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. Like other businesses in our industry, we are subject to extensive scrutiny by regulatory agencies globally that have, or may in the future have, regulatory authority over us and our business activities. This has resulted in, or may in the future result in, regulatory agency investigations, litigation and subpoenas and costs related to each. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Extensive regulation of our business affects our activities and creates the potential for significant liabilities and penalties. Our reputation, business and operations could be materially affected by regulatory issues” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Increased regulatory focus could result in additional burdens on our business” in our Annual Report.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
None.
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
During the third quarter of 2012, we issued 1,555,498 Class A Shares in exchange for an equal number of Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units to the Ziffs. The Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units surrendered by the Ziffs were automatically canceled upon the exchange. The issuance of the Class A Shares and cancellation of the surrendered Och-Ziff Operating Group A Units were pursuant to the terms of the exchange agreement, which was entered into concurrent with our IPO, by and among Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC, Och-Ziff Corp, Och-Ziff Holding, OZ Management, OZ Advisors, OZ Advisors II, the executive managing directors and the Ziffs. The Class A Shares were issued without registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of Securities Act.
Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities |
None.
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
None.
Item 5. | Other Information |
None.
Item 6. | Exhibits |
Exhibit | Description | |
31.1 | Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
31.2 | Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
32.1 | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document. | |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: November 5, 2012
OCH-ZIFF CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC | ||
By: | /s/ Joel M. Frank | |
Joel M. Frank | ||
Chief Financial Officer, Senior Chief Operating Officer and Executive Managing Director |
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