Financial Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2019
Revenue in 2019 was $29.5 million as compared to $53.0 million in 2018. Revenue for both years was primarily comprised ofnon-recurring upfront fees, expansion payments and milestone payments from Zymeworks’ licensing and collaboration agreements. Revenue for 2019 included $8.0 million received from Eli Lilly for achievement of a development milestone upon their submission of an IND application, $7.5 million received upon BMS’s exercise of its commercial license option, $3.5 million received upon Daiichi Sankyo’s exercise of a commercial license option, and $7.0 million received in other development milestones and research support and other payments from our partners. Revenue in 2019 also included recognition of $3.5 million from deferred revenue relating to the upfront payment received in the prior year from BeiGene under the 2018 licensing and collaboration agreement for development of ZW25.
Revenue for 2018 included recognition of $23.5 million of the $60.0 million upfront fee from BeiGene associated with a new licensing agreement, an $18.0 million upfront fee related to a second licensing agreement with Daiichi Sankyo, a $5.0 million upfront fee related to a new licensing agreement with LEO Pharma, a $4.0 million research program expansion fee from BMS and $2.5 million in other milestones and research support payments from our partners.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, research and development expenses were $115.9 million as compared to $56.9 million in the prior year. The change was primarily due to an increase in activities related to the progression and expansion of ZW25 clinical studies and the associated manufacturing costs, as well as development activities for ZW49 in 2019, and an increase in other research and development activities, which include an increase in salaries and benefits expense as a result of an increase in headcount andnon-cash stock-based compensation expense compared to the same period in 2018. Research and development expense includednon-cash stock-based compensation expense of $14.3 million, including expense of $8.4 million related to themark-to-market revaluation of certain historical liability classified equity awards.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, general and administrative expenses were $64.2 million as compared to $29.5 million in the prior year. The change was due to an increase in headcount to support our expanding research and development activities andnon-cash stock-based compensation expense. General and administrative expense includednon-cash stock-based compensation expense of $34.2 million including $27.5 million expense related to themark-to-market revaluation of certain historical liability classified equity awards.
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $145.4 million as compared to $36.6 million in 2018. This increase in net loss was primarily due to the variances in revenue, research and development expenses and general and administration expenses noted above.
Zymeworks expects research and development expenditures to increase over time due to the ongoing development of our product candidates and other clinical, preclinical, and regulatory activities. Additionally, Zymeworks anticipates continuing to receive revenue from its existing and future strategic partnerships, including technology access fees, milestones and research support payments. However, Zymeworks’ ability to receive these payments is dependent upon either Zymeworks or its collaborators successfully completing specified research and development activities.
As of December 31, 2019, Zymeworks had $298.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.