Fair Value Measurements | 5. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The Company classifies fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The FASB has established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1—Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 2—Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in level 1, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date and for substantially the full term of the instrument. Inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. Level 3—Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally unobservable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value as of September 30, 201 6 and June 30, 201 6 . Carrying value at September 30, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Netting (1) Fair Value at September 30, 2016 Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,582,924 $ 1,582,924 $ - $ - $ - $ 1,582,924 Derivative Instruments - - 127,936 - (127,936) - Non Current Assets Derivative Instruments - - 143,102 (143,102) - Current Liabilities Derivative instruments 1,410,421 - 1,538,357 - (127,936) 1,410,421 Non Current Liabilities Derivative Instruments 782,431 - 925,533 (143,102) 782,431 Carrying value at June 30, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Netting (1) Fair Value at June 30, 2016 Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,654,812 $ 2,654,812 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,654,812 Derivative Instruments - - 136,727 - (136,727) - Non Current Assets Derivative Instruments - - 220,317 - (220,317) - Current Liabilities Derivative instruments 1,671,653 - 1,808,380 - (136,727) 1,671,653 Non Current Liabilities Derivative Instruments 1,233,076 - 1,453,393 - (220,317) 1,233,076 (1) Netting In accordance with the Company’s standard practice, its commodity derivatives are subject to counterparty netting under agreements governing such derivatives and therefore the risk of loss is somewhat mitigated. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the assets and liabilities in the table above: Level 1 Fair value Measurements Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and payable and derivatives (discussed below). The carrying values of cash equivalents and accounts receivable and payable are representative of their fair values due to their short–term maturities. Level 2 Fair Measurements Derivative Contracts. The Company’s derivative contracts consist of oil collars and oil call options. The fair value of these contracts are based on inputs that are either readily available in the public market, such as oil future prices or inputs that can be corroborated from active markets. Fair value is determined through the use of a discounted cash model using applicable inputs discussed above. Other fair value measurements Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis. The Company also applies fair value accounting guidance to measure non–financial assets and liabilities such as business acquisitions, proved oil and gas properties, and asset retirement obligations. These assets and liabilities are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances and are not subject to recurring revaluations. These items are primarily valued using the present value of estimated future cash inflows and/or outflows. Given the unobservable nature of these inputs, they are deemed to be Level 3. Some oil and gas properties are stated at fair value as at June 30 , 201 6 . As a result of the significant decline in oil prices experienced in recent months, the carrying value of oil and gas properties was reviewed and subject to impairment costs of $ 11 million for the twelve months ended June 30, 2016, the majority of which relat ed to our North Stockyard field due to the sustained decrease in the oil price . Following the sale of our North Stockyard property in October 2016, we closed out 42,300 barrels of oil hedges and 220,750 mcf of natural gas hedges at a cost of $169,182 to us, including $165,003 in deferred premiums. |