Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value. Fair value is determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy, as follows: • Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities. The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: September 30, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Cash equivalents and investments: Money market funds $ 15,211 $ — $ — $ 15,211 Commercial paper — 12,008 — 12,008 Corporate bonds — 275,485 — 275,485 U.S. Government agency securities — 119,140 — 119,140 U.S. Treasury securities — 1,288,410 — 1,288,410 Strategic investments — — 12,703 12,703 Restricted cash: Money market funds — 4,053 — 4,053 Total assets $ 15,211 $ 1,699,096 $ 12,703 $ 1,727,010 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities: Foreign currency derivative liabilities $ — $ 766 $ — $ 766 Total liabilities $ — $ 766 $ — $ 766 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Cash equivalents and investments: Money market funds $ 20,003 $ — $ — $ 20,003 Commercial paper — 13,504 — 13,504 Corporate bonds — 237,406 — 237,406 U.S. Government agency securities — 122,758 — 122,758 U.S. Treasury securities — 960,763 — 960,763 Strategic investments — — 13,159 13,159 Restricted cash: Money market funds — 4,053 — 4,053 Total $ 20,003 $ 1,338,484 $ 13,159 $ 1,371,646 The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The fair value of the Company’s investments in certain money market funds is their face value and such instruments are classified as Level 1 and are included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Level 2 securities were priced by pricing vendors. These pricing vendors utilize the most recent observable market information in pricing these securities or, if specific prices are not available for these securities, use other observable inputs like market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. Certain non-marketable investments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are classified as Level 3 as their fair value measurements may include a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. Foreign currency derivative assets and liabilities are classified as Level 2 and are valued using observable inputs, such as quotations on forward and spot rates for currencies, interest rates and credit derivative market rates. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the 2025 Notes was $ 864.2 million . The fair value was determined based on the quoted price of the 2025 Notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and has been classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. For certain other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these balances. Restricted cash is comprised of money market funds related to landlord guarantees for leased facilities. These restricted cash balances have been excluded from our cash and cash equivalents balance on our consolidated balance sheets. Strategic investments that consist of non-controlling equity investments without readily determinable fair values in privately held companies for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are measured under the measurement alternative method. These investments are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under the cost method of accounting, the non-marketable equity securities are carried at cost less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, which is recorded within the statement of operations. The Company holds $ 63.7 million of strategic investments without readily determinable fair values at September 30, 2024 and $ 41.1 million of strategic investments without readily determinable fair values at December 31, 2023. These investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. In the nine months ended September 30, 2024 , the Company adjusted the fair value of its strategic investments and recognized a gain of $ 18.6 million and also recorded an impairment of the carrying value of its strategic investments of $ 4.1 million, resulting in a net gain of $ 14.5 million, which is reported in the consolidated statements of operations as other income. There were no adjustments to the carrying value of the strategic investments resulting from impairments or observable price changes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following tables summarize the composition of our short- and long-term investments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Aggregate (in thousands) Commercial paper $ 10,516 $ — $ — $ 10,516 Corporate bonds 274,178 1,386 ( 79 ) 275,485 U.S. Government agency securities 118,597 586 ( 43 ) 119,140 U.S. Treasury securities 1,287,149 1,293 ( 32 ) 1,288,410 Total $ 1,690,440 $ 3,265 $ ( 154 ) $ 1,693,551 December 31, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Aggregate (in thousands) Commercial paper $ 11,513 $ — $ — $ 11,513 Corporate bonds 237,662 422 ( 678 ) 237,406 U.S. Government agency securities 122,414 520 ( 176 ) 122,758 U.S. Treasury securities 953,457 1,087 ( 273 ) 954,271 Total $ 1,325,046 $ 2,029 $ ( 1,127 ) $ 1,325,948 For all of our securities for which the amortized cost basis was greater than the fair value at September 30, 2024, the Company has concluded that there is no plan to sell the security nor is it more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. The Company further assesses whether the decline in fair value below amortized cost is due to credit or non-credit related factors by considering the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, credit ratings, the financial health of the industry and sector of the issuer, the overall risk profile of the securities, overall macroeconomic conditions, and more. As of September 30, 2024, no allowance for credit losses in investments was recorded. Contractual Maturities The contractual maturities of short-term and long-term investments held at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amortized Aggregate Amortized Aggregate (in thousands) (in thousands) Due within one year $ 1,526,159 $ 1,527,928 $ 1,000,447 $ 1,000,245 Due after 1 year through 2 years 164,281 165,623 324,599 325,703 Total $ 1,690,440 $ 1,693,551 $ 1,325,046 $ 1,325,948 |