Exhibit 99.1
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P.
Interim Report Q1 2018
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 AND 2017
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Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P. (our “partnership” and together with its subsidiary and operating entities “Brookfield Infrastructure”) owns and operates high quality, long-life assets that generate stable cash flows, require relatively minimal maintenance capital expenditures and, by virtue of barriers to entry or other characteristics, tend to appreciate in value over time. Our current operations consist of utility, transport, energy and communications infrastructure businesses in North and South America, Asia Pacific and Europe.
Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (together with its affiliates other than Brookfield Infrastructure, “Brookfield”) has an approximate 30% interest in Brookfield Infrastructure. Brookfield Infrastructure has appointed Brookfield as its Service Provider to provide certain management, administrative and advisory services, for a fee, under the Master Services Agreement.
BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As of | |||||||||
US$ MILLIONS, UNAUDITED | Notes | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Assets | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 6 | $ | 890 | $ | 374 | ||||
Financial assets | 6 | 265 | 192 | ||||||
Accounts receivable and other | 6 | 816 | 838 | ||||||
Inventory | 101 | 108 | |||||||
Current assets | 2,072 | 1,512 | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 7 | 10,090 | 9,937 | ||||||
Intangible assets | 8 | 9,805 | 9,894 | ||||||
Investments in associates and joint ventures | 9 | 4,685 | 5,572 | ||||||
Investment properties | 199 | 192 | |||||||
Goodwill | 5 | 1,316 | 1,301 | ||||||
Financial assets | 6 | 682 | 730 | ||||||
Other assets | 252 | 273 | |||||||
Deferred income tax asset | 67 | 66 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 29,168 | $ | 29,477 | |||||
Liabilities and Partnership Capital | |||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||
Accounts payable and other | 6 | $ | 1,288 | $ | 864 | ||||
Corporate borrowings | 6,10 | 97 | 99 | ||||||
Non-recourse borrowings | 6,10 | 172 | 364 | ||||||
Financial liabilities | 6 | 242 | 237 | ||||||
Current liabilities | 1,799 | 1,564 | |||||||
Corporate borrowings | 6,10 | 1,182 | 2,002 | ||||||
Non-recourse borrowings | 6,10 | 8,007 | 7,699 | ||||||
Financial liabilities | 6 | 1,118 | 1,076 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 672 | 793 | |||||||
Deferred income tax liability | 2,763 | 2,849 | |||||||
Preferred shares | 6 | 20 | 20 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 15,561 | 16,003 | |||||||
Partnership capital | |||||||||
Limited partners | 14 | 4,977 | 4,967 | ||||||
General partner | 14 | 25 | 25 | ||||||
Non-controlling interest attributable to: | |||||||||
Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | 14 | 2,014 | 2,012 | ||||||
Interest of others in operating subsidiaries | 5,839 | 5,875 | |||||||
Preferred unitholders | 14 | 752 | 595 | ||||||
Total partnership capital | 13,607 | 13,474 | |||||||
Total liabilities and partnership capital | $ | 29,168 | $ | 29,477 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
2 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATING RESULTS
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||||
US$ MILLIONS, UNAUDITED | Notes | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Revenues | 3,13 | $ | 1,013 | $ | 656 | ||||
Direct operating costs | (409 | ) | (343 | ) | |||||
General and administrative expenses | (58 | ) | (51 | ) | |||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 7,8 | (193 | ) | (120 | ) | ||||
353 | 142 | ||||||||
Interest expense | (114 | ) | (94 | ) | |||||
Share of (losses) earnings from investments in associates and joint ventures | 9 | (5 | ) | 23 | |||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items | 6 | (36 | ) | (37 | ) | ||||
Gain on sale of associate | 4 | 338 | — | ||||||
Other (expense) income | (24 | ) | 24 | ||||||
Income before income tax | 512 | 58 | |||||||
Income tax expense | |||||||||
Current | 4 | (170 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||
Deferred | (15 | ) | — | ||||||
Net income | $ | 327 | $ | 46 | |||||
Attributable to: | |||||||||
Limited partners | $ | 122 | $ | (4 | ) | ||||
General partner | 35 | 28 | |||||||
Non-controlling interest attributable to: | |||||||||
Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | 52 | (2 | ) | ||||||
Interest of others in operating subsidiaries | 118 | 24 | |||||||
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per limited partner unit: | 14 | $ | 0.42 | $ | (0.03 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 3
BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||||
US$ MILLIONS, UNAUDITED | Notes | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Net income | $ | 327 | $ | 46 | |||||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: | |||||||||
Marketable securities | 6 | (16 | ) | — | |||||
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: | |||||||||
Foreign currency translation | 113 | 203 | |||||||
Cash flow hedge | 6 | (29 | ) | 5 | |||||
Net investment hedge | 6 | (52 | ) | (121 | ) | ||||
Taxes on the above items | 16 | 3 | 5 | ||||||
Investment in associates and joint ventures | 9 | 13 | (26 | ) | |||||
48 | 66 | ||||||||
Total other comprehensive income | 32 | 66 | |||||||
Comprehensive income | $ | 359 | $ | 112 | |||||
Attributable to: | |||||||||
Limited partners | $ | 138 | $ | (12 | ) | ||||
General partner | 35 | 28 | |||||||
Non-controlling interest attributable to: | |||||||||
Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | 57 | (6 | ) | ||||||
Interest of others in operating subsidiaries | 129 | 102 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
4 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERSHIP CAPITAL
Limited Partners | General Partner | Non-Controlling Interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 US$ MILLIONS | Limited partners’ capital | (Deficit) | Ownership changes | Accumulated other comprehensive income(1) | Limited partners | General partner capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income(1) | General partner | Redeemable units held by Brookfield | (Deficit) | Ownership changes | Accumulated other comprehensive income(1) | Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | Non-controlling interest – in operating subsidiaries | Preferred Unitholders Capital | Total partners’ capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as at December 31, 2017 | $ | 4,907 | $ | (953 | ) | $ | 149 | $ | 864 | $ | 4,967 | $ | 19 | $ | — | $ | 6 | $ | 25 | $ | 2,078 | $ | (413 | ) | $ | (40 | ) | $ | 387 | $ | 2,012 | $ | 5,875 | $ | 595 | $ | 13,474 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in accounting policies(2) | — | 4 | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 2 | 10 | — | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as at January 1, 2018 | 4,907 | (949 | ) | 149 | 864 | 4,971 | 19 | — | 6 | 25 | 2,078 | (411 | ) | (40 | ) | 387 | 2,014 | 5,885 | 595 | 13,490 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | 122 | — | — | 122 | — | 35 | — | 35 | — | 52 | — | — | 52 | 118 | — | 327 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | 16 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 11 | — | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | — | 122 | — | 16 | 138 | — | 35 | — | 35 | — | 52 | — | 5 | 57 | 129 | — | 359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unit issuance(3) | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partnership distributions(4) | — | (130 | ) | — | — | (130 | ) | — | (35 | ) | — | (35 | ) | — | (54 | ) | — | — | (54 | ) | — | — | (219 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partnership preferred distributions(4) | — | (6 | ) | — | — | (6 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | (3 | ) | — | — | (3 | ) | — | — | (9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subsidiary distributions to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (175 | ) | — | (175 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred units issued(3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 157 | 157 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other items(5) | — | 450 | — | (450 | ) | — | — | 3 | (3 | ) | — | — | 188 | — | (188 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as at March 31, 2018 | $ | 4,911 | $ | (513 | ) | $ | 149 | $ | 430 | $ | 4,977 | $ | 19 | $ | 3 | $ | 3 | $ | 25 | $ | 2,078 | $ | (228 | ) | $ | (40 | ) | $ | 204 | $ | 2,014 | $ | 5,839 | $ | 752 | $ | 13,607 |
1. Refer to Note 16 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. | 2. Refer to Note 2 Summary of Accounting Policies. | 3. Refer to Note 14 Partnership Capital. |
4. Refer to Note 15 Distributions. | 5. Refer to Note 4 Disposition of Chilean Electricity Transmission Operation. |
Limited Partners | General Partner | Non-Controlling Interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 US$ MILLIONS | Limited partners’ capital | (Deficit) | Ownership changes | Accumulated other comprehensive income(1) | Limited partners | General partner capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income(1) | General partner | Redeemable units held by Brookfield | (Deficit) | Ownership changes | Accumulated other comprehensive income(1) | Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | Non-controlling interest – in operating subsidiaries | Preferred Unitholders Capital | Total partners’ capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as at January 1, 2017 | $ | 4,215 | $ | (483 | ) | $ | 143 | $ | 736 | $ | 4,611 | $ | 19 | $ | 1 | $ | 7 | $ | 27 | $ | 1,778 | $ | (215 | ) | $ | (34 | ) | $ | 331 | $ | 1,860 | $ | 2,771 | $ | 375 | $ | 9,644 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income(2) | — | (4 | ) | — | — | (4 | ) | — | 28 | — | 28 | — | (2 | ) | — | — | (2 | ) | 24 | — | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (loss) comprehensive income | — | — | — | (8 | ) | (8 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | 78 | — | 66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income | — | (4 | ) | — | (8 | ) | (12 | ) | — | 28 | — | 28 | — | (2 | ) | — | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | 102 | — | 112 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unit issuance(3) | 6 | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partnership distributions(4) | — | (113 | ) | — | — | (113 | ) | — | (28 | ) | — | (28 | ) | — | (47 | ) | — | — | (47 | ) | — | — | (188 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partnership preferred distributions(4) | — | (4 | ) | — | — | (4 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | (2 | ) | — | — | (2 | ) | — | — | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subsidiary distributions to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (14 | ) | — | (14 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred units issued(3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 220 | 220 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as at March 31, 2017 | $ | 4,221 | $ | (604 | ) | $ | 143 | $ | 728 | $ | 4,488 | $ | 19 | $ | 1 | $ | 7 | $ | 27 | $ | 1,778 | $ | (266 | ) | $ | (34 | ) | $ | 327 | $ | 1,805 | $ | 2,859 | $ | 595 | $ | 9,774 |
1. Refer to Note 16 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. | 2. Certain net income allocations have been reclassified to provide comparability with the current year Consolidated Statements of Partnership Capital. |
3. Refer to Note 14 Partnership Capital. | 4. Refer to Note 15 Distributions. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 5
BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||||
US$ MILLIONS, UNAUDITED | Notes | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Operating Activities | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 327 | $ | 46 | |||||
Adjusted for the following items: | |||||||||
Losses (earnings) from investments in associates and joint ventures, net of distributions received | 9 | 9 | (5 | ) | |||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 7,8 | 193 | 120 | ||||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items, provisions and other | 6 | 69 | 21 | ||||||
Gain on sale of associate | 4 | (338 | ) | — | |||||
Deferred income tax expense | 15 | — | |||||||
Changes in non-cash working capital, net | 191 | (4 | ) | ||||||
Cash from operating activities | 466 | 178 | |||||||
Investing Activities | |||||||||
Investments in associates and joint ventures | 9 | (15 | ) | (49 | ) | ||||
Disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures | 4 | 1,289 | — | ||||||
Purchase of long lived assets | 7,8 | (178 | ) | (175 | ) | ||||
Disposal of long lived assets | 7,8 | 3 | 41 | ||||||
Purchase of financial assets | (63 | ) | (143 | ) | |||||
Sale of financial assets | 38 | 47 | |||||||
Net settlement of foreign exchange hedging items | 6 | (54 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||
Cash from (used by) investing activities | 1,020 | (309 | ) | ||||||
Financing Activities | |||||||||
Distributions to general partner | 15 | (35 | ) | (28 | ) | ||||
Distributions to other unitholders | 15 | (193 | ) | (166 | ) | ||||
Subsidiary distributions to non-controlling interest | (175 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from corporate borrowings | 10 | — | 228 | ||||||
Proceeds from corporate credit facility | 10 | 607 | 461 | ||||||
Repayment of corporate credit facility | 10 | (1,396 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from subsidiary borrowings | 10 | 868 | 16 | ||||||
Repayment of subsidiary borrowings | 10 | (808 | ) | (57 | ) | ||||
Preferred units issued | 14 | 157 | 220 | ||||||
Partnership units issued, net of issuance costs | 14 | 4 | 6 | ||||||
Cash (used by) from financing activities | (971 | ) | 660 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||
Change during the period | 515 | 529 | |||||||
Impact of foreign exchange on cash | 1 | 8 | |||||||
Balance, beginning of period | 374 | 786 | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 890 | $ | 1,323 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
6 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 AND 2017
1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P. (our “partnership” and, together with its subsidiaries and operating entities, “Brookfield Infrastructure”) owns and operates utility, transport, energy and communications infrastructure businesses in North and South America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. Our partnership was formed as a limited partnership established under the laws of Bermuda, pursuant to a limited partnership agreement dated May 17, 2007, as amended and restated. Our partnership is a subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“Brookfield”). Our partnership’s units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbols “BIP” and “BIP.UN”, respectively. Our cumulative Class A preferred limited partnership units, Series 1, Series 3, Series 5, Series 7 and Series 9 are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbols “BIP.PR.A”, “BIP.PR.B”, “BIP.PR.C”, “BIP.PR.D” and “BIP.PR.E”, respectively. Our partnership’s registered office is 73 Front Street, Hamilton, HM12, Bermuda.
In these notes to the interim condensed and consolidated financial statements, references to “units” are to the limited partnership units in our partnership other than the preferred units, references to our “preferred units” are to preferred limited partnership units in our partnership and references to our “unitholders” and “preferred unitholders” are to the holders of our units and preferred units, respectively. References to “Series 5 Preferred Units”, “Series 7 Preferred Units”, and “Series 9 Preferred Units” are to cumulative Class A preferred limited partnership units, Series 5, cumulative Class A preferred limited partnership units, Series 7, and cumulative Class A preferred limited partnership units, Series 9, in our partnership, respectively.
2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a) Statement of compliance
These interim condensed and consolidated financial statements of our partnership and its subsidiaries (together “Brookfield Infrastructure”) have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting, (“IAS 34”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and using the accounting policies Brookfield Infrastructure applied in its consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, amended by the recently adopted accounting standards described in the section below. The accounting policies that our partnership applied in its annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 are disclosed in Note 3 of such financial statements, with which reference should be made in reading these interim condensed and consolidated financial statements.
These interim condensed and consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of our partnership on May 14, 2018.
b) Recently adopted accounting standard amendments
Brookfield Infrastructure applied, for the first time, certain new standards applicable to our partnership that became effective January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting these new standards on our partnership’s accounting policies are as follows:
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”)
IFRS 15 specifies how and when revenue should be recognized as well as requiring more informative and relevant disclosures. This standard also requires additional disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. IFRS 15 supersedes IAS 18, Revenue, IAS 11, Construction Contracts and a number of revenue-related interpretations. IFRS 15 applies to nearly all contracts with customers: the main exceptions are leases, financial instruments and insurance contracts. Our partnership adopted the standard on January 1, 2018, on a modified retrospective basis. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Apart from additional disclosure requirements, the adoption did not have a significant impact on the partnership’s condensed and consolidated financial statements and therefore has not been included in the “Cumulative effect of changes” section below.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 7
Utilities
Revenue from utilities infrastructure is derived from the transmission of energy and natural gas, the distribution of energy and from Brookfield Infrastructure’s Australian regulated terminal operation. Distribution and transmission revenue each contains a single performance obligation that is recognized over time. The connection revenue relating to Brookfield Infrastructure’s regulated distribution operation contains a distinct performance obligation that is recognized over the period that the connection is constructed, based on an input method of progress recognition on the basis that this methodology is most reflective of the underlying transfer of control. Terminal infrastructure revenue contains both a capacity charge and a handling charge associated with operating the terminal. The terminal infrastructure service contracts contain a performance obligation recognized over time pertaining to capacity for the period the services are provided and for handling service based on tons of coal shipped through the terminal when service is provided. The payment terms for all of our businesses in the utilities segment require payment upon completion, except for connections income whereby payment is typically collected up-front prior to the completion of any services.
Transport
Revenue from transport infrastructure consists primarily of freight, toll road operations and transportation services revenue. These services consist of a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over time when services are rendered, based primarily on usage or volume during the period. The payment terms for all of our businesses in the transport segment require payment upon completion of the underlying transportation service.
Energy
Revenue from energy infrastructure consists primarily of energy transmission and storage as well as district energy services. Energy transmission services revenue consists of a single performance obligation and is recognized over time as services are rendered, based primarily on usage or volume throughput. Performance obligations relating to district energy contracts are satisfied over time as the services are rendered. Gas storage revenues contain both a capacity charge and a variable charge, however the associated services are highly interdependent and represent a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time as the services are provided. The payment terms for all of our businesses in the energy segment require payment upon completion of the underlying service within a given period.
Communications Infrastructure
Revenue from communications infrastructure is derived from contracts with media broadcasting and telecom customers to access infrastructure. These contracts consist of performance obligations that are satisfied over time in accordance with the underlying agreements. The payment terms for our businesses in the communications infrastructure segment require upfront and recurring payments to lease space on towers to host the customers’ equipment. The differing payment terms do not constitute separate performance obligations as revenue is recognized over time for the period the services are provided.
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”)
In July 2014, the IASB issued the final publication of IFRS 9, superseding IAS 39, Financial Instruments. This standard establishes principles for the financial reporting of financial assets and financial liabilities that will present relevant and useful information to users of financial statements for their assessment of the amounts, timing and uncertainty of an entity’s future cash flows. The standard includes changes regarding the classification of certain financial instruments as outlined in the table below. These changes have not had a material impact on our partnership’s consolidated financial statements. The standard also includes a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns hedge accounting more closely with an entity’s risk management activities. It does not fully change the types of hedging relationships or the requirement to measure and recognize ineffectiveness, however, it allows more hedging strategies that are used for risk management to qualify for hedge accounting and introduce more judgment to assess the effectiveness of a hedging relationship. Our partnership has adopted the standards as of January 1, 2018 retrospectively with no restatement of comparative periods. Certain hedge accounting relationships relating to aggregated foreign currency exposures now qualify for hedge accounting under this new standard. Consequently, the partnership has applied hedge accounting to these relationships prospectively commencing on January 1, 2018. In addition, our partnership has elected certain gas storage contracts to be measured at fair value through profit or loss. A cumulative catch-up adjustment has been recorded through equity upon initial adoption.
Financial Instrument Classification
Our partnership classifies cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable and other as amortized cost. Additionally, our partnership maintains a portfolio of marketable securities comprised of liquid equity and debt securities. The marketable securities are classified either as fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) or fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”). Derivative assets are classified as FVTPL, except for derivatives in certain hedging relationships. Other financial assets are classified as either amortized cost or FVTOCI.
8 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Financial assets classified as FVTPL or FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date. For financial assets classified as FVTPL, the change in fair value is recorded through profit or loss. For financial assets classified as FVTOCI, the change in fair value is recorded in other comprehensive income. The cumulative gains or losses related to FVTOCI equity instruments are not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal, whereas the cumulative gains or losses on all other FVTOCI assets are reclassified to profit or loss on disposal. For financial instruments at amortized cost or debt instruments at FVTOCI, the partnership assesses if there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition to determine whether lifetime or 12-month expected credit losses should be recognized. Any related loss allowances are recorded through profit or loss.
Borrowings, accounts payable and other, and preferred shares are classified as amortized cost, except for derivatives embedded in related financial instruments. Embedded derivatives and any other derivative liabilities are classified as FVTPL and are subsequently measured at fair value, except for derivatives in certain hedging relationships. Other financial liabilities are classified as either FVTPL or amortized cost.
Financial instruments classified as amortized cost upon adoption of IFRS 9 were previously classified as loans and receivables. Financial assets classified as FVTOCI were previously classified as available-for-sale securities. The changes in classification had no impact on the carrying values and there were no changes to the classification of financial assets classified as FVTPL.
Hedge Accounting
Brookfield Infrastructure selectively utilizes derivative financial instruments primarily to manage financial risks, including interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value. Hedge accounting is applied when the derivative is designated as a hedge of a specific exposure and that the hedging relationship meets all of the hedge effectiveness requirements. Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the derivative no longer qualifies as a hedge or the hedging relationship is terminated. Once discontinued, the cumulative change in fair value of a derivative that was previously recorded in other comprehensive income by the application of hedge accounting is recognized in profit or loss over the remaining term of the original hedging relationship as amounts related to the hedged item are recognized in profit or loss. The assets or liabilities relating to unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on derivative financial instruments are recorded in financial assets and financial liabilities, respectively.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts, designated as hedges of currency risks relating to a net investment in a subsidiary with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are included in equity and are included in net income in the period in which the subsidiary is disposed of or to the extent partially disposed and control is not retained. Derivative financial instruments that are designated as hedges to offset corresponding changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities and cash flows are measured at estimated fair value with changes in fair value recorded in profit or loss or as a component of equity as applicable.
Unrealized gains and losses on interest rate contracts designated as hedges of future variable interest payments are included in equity as a cash flow hedge when the interest rate risk relates to an anticipated variable interest payment. The periodic exchanges of payments on interest rate swap contracts designated as hedges of debt are recorded on an accrual basis as an adjustment to interest expense.
IFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions (“IFRIC 22”)
In December 2016, the IASB issued IFRIC 22, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The interpretation clarifies that the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) is the date on which an entity initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration. The partnership has adopted the standard as of January 1, 2018 prospectively. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the partnership’s condensed and consolidated financial statements.
c) Cumulative effect of changes
The changes made to our January 1, 2018 condensed and consolidated statement of financial position for the adoption of IFRS 9 was driven by our North American gas storage business, which elected to account for certain physical commodity contracts as financial instruments under IFRS 9. This election resulted in the recognition of the fair values of the contracts as financial assets or financial liabilities and the cumulative mark-to-market gains directly in partnership capital. The impacts of this election were increases of $25 million, $9 million and $16 million in total assets, total liabilities and total partnership capital, respectively.
The adoption of all other accounting standards did not have an impact to our January 1, 2018 assets, liabilities or partnership capital.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 9
d) Standards issued but not yet adopted
IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”)
The IASB has published a new standard, IFRS 16. The new standard brings most leases on-balance sheet for lessees under a single model, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases. Lessor accounting however remains largely unchanged and the distinction between operating and finance leases is retained. IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17, Leases and related interpretations and is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted if IFRS 15 has also been applied. Brookfield Infrastructure is currently evaluating the impact of IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial statements.
Our partnership has a global team in place to evaluate the financial statement and any corollary impact of adopting IFRS 16, has participated in strategic planning sessions with Brookfield and has developed an adoption plan. Management has also assessed major leases, and has substantially completed accumulating, identifying and inventorying detailed information on major leases that may be impacted by the changes at the transition date.
e) Interpretations issued but not yet adopted
IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments (“IFRIC 23”)
In June 2017, the IASB published IFRIC 23, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The interpretation requires an entity to assess whether it is probable that a tax authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment used, or proposed to be used, by an entity in its income tax filings and to exercise judgment in determining whether each tax treatment should be considered independently or whether some tax treatments should be considered together. The decision should be based on which approach provides better predictions of the resolution of the uncertainty. An entity also has to consider whether it is probable that the relevant authority will accept each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, assuming that the taxation authority with the right to examine any amounts reported to it will examine those amounts and will have full knowledge of all relevant information when doing so. The interpretation may be applied on either a fully retrospective basis or a modified retrospective basis without restatement of comparative information. Brookfield Infrastructure is currently evaluating the impact of IFRIC 23 on its consolidated financial statements.
3. SEGMENT INFORMATION
IFRS 8, Operating Segments, requires operating segments to be determined based on information that is regularly reviewed by the Executive Management and the Board of Directors for the purpose of allocating resources to the segment and to assess its performance. Key measures used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in assessing performance and in making resource allocation decisions are funds from operations (“FFO”) and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), which enable the determination of return on the equity deployed. FFO is calculated as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, interest expense, current and deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses.
Total attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Total | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non- controlling interest | As per IFRS financials(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 272 | $ | 424 | $ | 153 | $ | 43 | $ | — | $ | 892 | $ | (423 | ) | $ | 544 | $ | 1,013 | |||||||||||||||||
Costs attributed to revenues | (69 | ) | (246 | ) | (74 | ) | (20 | ) | — | (409 | ) | 220 | (220 | ) | (409 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative costs | — | — | — | — | (58 | ) | (58 | ) | — | — | (58 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 203 | 178 | 79 | 23 | (58 | ) | 425 | (203 | ) | 324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income | (3 | ) | 2 | 5 | (1 | ) | 17 | 20 | — | (25 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (31 | ) | (43 | ) | (18 | ) | (3 | ) | (17 | ) | (112 | ) | 42 | (44 | ) | (114 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
FFO | 169 | 137 | 66 | 19 | (58 | ) | 333 | (161 | ) | 255 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (58 | ) | (99 | ) | (33 | ) | (20 | ) | — | (210 | ) | 111 | (94 | ) | (193 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred taxes | (15 | ) | 13 | (2 | ) | 2 | — | (2 | ) | (9 | ) | (4 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | (47 | ) | (39 | ) | (18 | ) | — | (146 | ) | (250 | ) | 64 | (39 | ) | (225 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of associates | — | — | — | — | 338 | 338 | — | — | 338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses from associates | — | — | — | — | — | — | (5 | ) | — | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred unitholders | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (118 | ) | (118 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to partnership(2) | $ | 49 | $ | 12 | $ | 13 | $ | 1 | $ | 134 | $ | 209 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 209 |
10 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Total attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Total | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non-controlling interest | As per IFRS financials(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 176 | $ | 375 | $ | 142 | $ | 39 | $ | — | $ | 732 | $ | (380 | ) | $ | 304 | $ | 656 | |||||||||||||||||
Costs attributed to revenues | (48 | ) | (210 | ) | (56 | ) | (17 | ) | — | (331 | ) | 191 | (203 | ) | (343 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative costs | — | — | — | — | (51 | ) | (51 | ) | — | — | (51 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 128 | 165 | 86 | 22 | (51 | ) | 350 | (189 | ) | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense) | 1 | (3 | ) | 3 | — | 20 | 21 | 6 | — | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (29 | ) | (39 | ) | (27 | ) | (3 | ) | (12 | ) | (110 | ) | 49 | (33 | ) | (94 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
FFO | 100 | 123 | 62 | 19 | (43 | ) | 261 | (134 | ) | 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (32 | ) | (76 | ) | (33 | ) | (17 | ) | — | (158 | ) | 88 | (50 | ) | (120 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred taxes | (6 | ) | 5 | (5 | ) | 2 | 1 | (3 | ) | 2 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | (16 | ) | (21 | ) | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | (33 | ) | (78 | ) | 21 | 5 | (52 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Share of earnings from associates | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | — | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred unitholders | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (24 | ) | (24 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to partnership(2) | $ | 46 | $ | 31 | $ | 17 | $ | 3 | $ | (75 | ) | $ | 22 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 22 |
1. | The above table provides each segment’s results in the format that management organizes its segments to make operating decisions and assess performance. Each segment is presented on a proportionate basis, taking into account Brookfield Infrastructure’s ownership in operations accounted for using the consolidation and equity methods under IFRS. The above table reconciles Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate results to our partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operating Results on a line by line basis by aggregating the components comprising the earnings from our partnership’s investments in associates and reflecting the portion of each line item attributable to non-controlling interests. |
2. | Includes net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests—Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield, general partner and limited partners. |
Segment assets
For the purpose of monitoring segment performance and allocating resources between segments, the CODM monitors the assets, including investments accounted for using the equity method, attributable to each segment.
The following is an analysis of Brookfield Infrastructure’s assets by reportable operating segment for the periods under review:
Total Attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018 | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Brookfield Infrastructure | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non- controlling interest | Working capital adjustment and other | As per IFRS financials(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 5,034 | $ | 7,008 | $ | 3,122 | $ | 1,098 | $ | (1,165 | ) | $ | 15,097 | $ | (2,597 | ) | $ | 11,711 | $ | 4,957 | $ | 29,168 |
Total Attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Brookfield Infrastructure | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non- controlling interest | Working capital adjustment and other | As per IFRS financials(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 6,542 | $ | 6,990 | $ | 3,134 | $ | 1,049 | $ | (1,083 | ) | $ | 16,632 | $ | (3,134 | ) | $ | 11,668 | $ | 4,311 | $ | 29,477 |
1. | The above table provides each segment’s assets in the format that management organizes its segments to make operating decisions and assess performance. Each segment is presented on a proportionate basis, taking into account Brookfield Infrastructure’s ownership in operations using consolidation and the equity method whereby our partnership either controls or exercises significant influence over the investment respectively. The above table reconciles Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate assets to total assets presented on our partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position by removing net liabilities contained within investments in associates and joint ventures and reflecting the assets attributable to non-controlling interests, and adjusting for working capital assets which are netted against working capital liabilities. |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 11
4. DISPOSITION OF CHILEAN ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION OPERATION
On March 15, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure sold its 27.8% interest in a Chilean electricity transmission operation, ETC Transmission Holdings, S.L. (ETC Holdings), the parent company of Transelec S.A. The Chilean electricity transmission operation was previously included in the utilities operating segment and was sold to a third party for proceeds of $1.3 billion. After recognizing our share of earnings and foreign currency translation until March 15, 2018, the Partnership’s carrying value of ETC Holdings was $951 million. On disposition of the business, the Partnership recognized a gain of $338 million in the Consolidated Statement of Operating Results, net of transaction costs of $11 million, along with the associated income tax expense of $129 million. As a result of the disposition, accumulated revaluation surplus of $641 million (net of tax) was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income directly to retained earnings and recorded within Other items on the Consolidated Statements of Partnership Capital. Accumulated other comprehensive losses of $35 million were reclassified to share of losses from associates and joint ventures on the Consolidated Statement of Operating Results.
5. ACQUISITION OF BUSINESSES
a) Acquisition of Brazilian regulated gas transmission business
On April 4, 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure, alongside institutional partners and a Brookfield-sponsored infrastructure fund (the “consortium”), acquired an effective 28% interest in Nova Transportadora do Sudeste S.A. (“NTS”), a Brazilian regulated gas transmission business, for total consideration by Brookfield Infrastructure of $1.6 billion (consortium total of $5.1 billion). Brookfield Infrastructure’s consideration consists of $1.3 billion in cash (consortium total of $4.2 billion) and deferred consideration of $0.3 billion (consortium total of $0.9 billion) payable five years from the close of the transaction. Concurrently, Brookfield Infrastructure entered into a voting agreement with an affiliate of Brookfield, providing Brookfield Infrastructure the right to direct the relevant activities of the entity, thereby providing Brookfield Infrastructure with control. Accordingly, Brookfield Infrastructure consolidated the entity effective April 4, 2017. Acquisition costs of $8 million were recorded as Other expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operating Results in 2017.
Consideration transferred
US$ MILLIONS | |||
Cash | $ | 1,306 | |
Consideration payable(1) | 262 | ||
Total Consideration | $ | 1,568 |
Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired as of April 4, 2017:
US$ MILLIONS | |||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 89 | |
Accounts receivable and other | 317 | ||
Intangible assets(2) | 5,515 | ||
Goodwill | 804 | ||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | (202 | ) | |
Deferred income tax liabilities | (946 | ) | |
Net assets acquired before non-controlling interest | 5,577 | ||
Non-controlling interest(3) | (4,009 | ) | |
Net assets acquired | $ | 1,568 |
1. | The deferred consideration is payable on the fifth anniversary of the date of acquisition and has therefore been initially recorded at fair value within non-current financial liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial position. The deferred consideration is denominated in U.S. dollars and accrues interest at 3.35% compounded annually. The financial liability will be subsequently measured at amortized cost. |
2. | Represents authorizations that expire between 2039 and 2041. |
3. | Non-controlling interest represents the interest not acquired by Brookfield Infrastructure, measured at fair value at the acquisition date. |
Upon acquisition of an interest in NTS, an additional deferred tax liability of $893 million was recorded. The deferred income tax liability arose as the tax bases of the net assets acquired were lower than their fair values. The inclusion of this liability in the net book value of the acquired business gave rise to goodwill of $804 million, which is recoverable so long as the tax circumstances that gave rise to the goodwill do not change. To date, no such changes have occurred. None of the goodwill recognized is deductible for income tax purposes.
12 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
b) Individually insignificant business combinations
The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation of individually insignificant business combinations that have been completed in 2017.
US$ MILLIONS | |||
Cash | $ | 9 | |
Consideration payable | 21 | ||
Total consideration | $ | 30 |
Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
US$ MILLIONS | |||
Accounts receivable and other | $ | 28 | |
Goodwill | 14 | ||
Property, plant and equipment | 104 | ||
Deferred income tax and other liabilities | (30 | ) | |
Non-recourse borrowings | (30 | ) | |
Net assets acquired before non-controlling interest | 86 | ||
Non-controlling interest(1) | (56 | ) | |
Net assets acquired | $ | 30 |
1. Non-controlling interest represents the interest not acquired by Brookfield Infrastructure, measured at fair value at the acquisition date.
6. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair values are determined by reference to quoted bid or ask prices, as appropriate. Where bid and ask prices are unavailable, the closing price of the most recent transaction of that instrument is used. In the absence of an active market, fair values are determined based on prevailing market rates such as bid and ask prices, as appropriate for instruments with similar characteristics and risk profiles or internal or external valuation models, such as option pricing models and discounted cash flow analyses, using observable market inputs.
Fair values determined using valuation models require the use of assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and discount rates. In determining those assumptions, Brookfield Infrastructure looks primarily to external readily observable market inputs such as interest rate yield curves, currency rates, and price and rate volatilities as applicable. The fair value of interest rate swap contracts which form part of financing arrangements is calculated by way of discounted cash flows using market interest rates and applicable credit spreads.
Classification of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss are carried at fair value on the Interim Condensed and Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Changes in the fair values of financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss are recognized in profit or loss. Mark-to-market adjustments on hedging items for those in an effective hedging relationship and changes in the fair value of securities designated as fair value through other comprehensive income are recognized in other comprehensive income.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 13
Carrying Value and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table provides the allocation of financial instruments and their associated classifications as at March 31, 2018:
US$ MILLIONS Financial Instrument Classification | |||||||||||||||
MEASUREMENT BASIS | Fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through OCI | Amortized Cost | Total | |||||||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 890 | $ | 890 | |||||||
Accounts receivable and other | — | — | 816 | 816 | |||||||||||
Financial assets (current and non-current)(1) | 570 | 34 | 169 | 773 | |||||||||||
Marketable securities | — | 174 | — | 174 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 570 | $ | 208 | $ | 1,875 | $ | 2,653 | |||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Corporate borrowings | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,279 | $ | 1,279 | |||||||
Non-recourse borrowings (current and non-current) | — | — | 8,179 | 8,179 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable and other | — | — | 1,288 | 1,288 | |||||||||||
Preferred shares(2) | — | — | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||
Financial liabilities (current and non-current)(1) | 467 | — | 893 | 1,360 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 467 | $ | — | $ | 11,659 | $ | 12,126 |
1. | Derivative instruments which are elected for hedge accounting totaling $434 million are included in financial assets and $154 million of derivative instruments are included in financial liabilities. |
2. | $20 million of preferred shares issued to wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield. |
The following table provides the allocation of financial instruments and their associated classifications as at December 31, 2017:
US$ MILLIONS Financial Instrument Classification | |||||||||||||||
MEASUREMENT BASIS | Fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through OCI | Amortized Cost | Total | |||||||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 374 | $ | 374 | |||||||
Accounts receivable and other | — | — | 838 | 838 | |||||||||||
Financial assets (current and non-current)(1) | 608 | 57 | 172 | 837 | |||||||||||
Marketable securities | — | 85 | — | 85 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 608 | $ | 142 | $ | 1,384 | $ | 2,134 | |||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Corporate borrowings | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,101 | $ | 2,101 | |||||||
Non-recourse borrowings (current and non-current) | — | — | 8,063 | 8,063 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable and other | — | — | 864 | 864 | |||||||||||
Preferred shares(2) | — | — | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||
Financial liabilities (current and non-current)(1) | 440 | — | 873 | 1,313 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 440 | $ | — | $ | 11,921 | $ | 12,361 |
1. | Derivative instruments which are elected for hedge accounting totaling $464 million are included in financial assets and $146 million of derivative instruments are included in financial liabilities. |
2. | $20 million of preferred shares issued to wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield. |
14 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
The following table provides the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments as at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 890 | $ | 890 | $ | 374 | $ | 374 | |||||||
Accounts receivable and other | 816 | 816 | 838 | 838 | |||||||||||
Financial assets (current and non-current) | 773 | 773 | 837 | 837 | |||||||||||
Marketable securities | 174 | 174 | 85 | 85 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,653 | $ | 2,653 | $ | 2,134 | $ | 2,134 | |||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Corporate borrowings(1) | $ | 1,279 | $ | 1,287 | $ | 2,101 | $ | 2,113 | |||||||
Non-recourse borrowings(2) | 8,179 | 8,543 | 8,063 | 8,392 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable and other (current and non-current) | 1,288 | 1,288 | 864 | 864 | |||||||||||
Preferred shares(3) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||
Financial liabilities (current and non-current) | 1,360 | 1,360 | 1,313 | 1,313 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 12,126 | $ | 12,498 | $ | 12,361 | $ | 12,702 |
1. | Corporate borrowings are classified under level 1 of the fair value hierarchy; quoted prices in an active market are available. |
2. | Non-recourse borrowings are classified under level 2 of the fair value hierarchy with the exception of certain borrowings at the U.K. port operation which are classified under level 1. For level 2 fair values, future cash flows are estimated based on observable forward interest rates at the end of the reporting period. |
3. | $20 million of preferred shares issued to wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield. |
Hedging Activities
Brookfield Infrastructure uses derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments to manage or maintain exposures to interest and currency risks. For certain derivatives which are used to manage exposures, Brookfield Infrastructure determines whether hedge accounting can be applied. When hedge accounting can be applied, a hedge relationship can be designated as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge or a hedge of foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar. To qualify for hedge accounting, the derivative must be designated as a hedge of a specific exposure and the hedging relationship must meet all of the hedge effectiveness requirements in accomplishing the objective of offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows attributable to the hedged risk both at inception and over the life of the hedge. If it is determined that the hedging relationship does not meet all of the hedge effectiveness requirements, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively.
Cash Flow Hedges
Brookfield Infrastructure uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variability in cash flows related to a variable rate asset or liability and highly probable forecasted issuances of debt. The settlement dates coincide with the dates on which the interest is payable on the underlying debt, and the amount accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit or loss over the period that the floating rate interest payments on debt affect profit or loss. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, pre-tax net unrealized losses of $29 million (2017: gains of $5 million) were recorded in other comprehensive income for the effective portion of the cash flow hedges. As of March 31, 2018, there was a net derivative asset balance of $407 million relating to derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges (December 31, 2017: $447 million asset).
Net Investment Hedges
Brookfield Infrastructure uses foreign exchange contracts and foreign currency denominated debt instruments to manage its foreign currency exposures arising from net investments in foreign operations having a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, a loss of $52 million (2017: $121 million) was recorded in other comprehensive income relating to the effective portion of hedges of net investments in foreign operations. Further, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure paid $54 million (2017: $30 million) relating to the settlement of foreign exchange contracts in the period. Consistent with our risk management objectives, these contracts are replaced at expiration; therefore, no reclassification to profit or loss has been recorded during the period. As of March 31, 2018, there was a net unrealized derivative liability balance of $127 million relating to derivative contracts designated as net investment hedges (December 31, 2017: net unrealized derivative liability balance of $129 million).
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 15
Fair Value Hierarchical Levels—Financial Instruments
Fair value hierarchical levels are directly determined by the amount of subjectivity associated with the valuation inputs of these assets and liabilities, and are as follows:
• | Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. |
• | Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Fair valued assets and liabilities that are included in this category are primarily certain derivative contracts and other financial assets carried at fair value in an inactive market. |
• | Level 3 – Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to determining the estimate. Fair valued assets and liabilities that are included in this category are interest rate swap contracts, derivative contracts, certain equity securities carried at fair value which are not traded in an active market and the non-controlling interest’s share of net assets of limited life funds. |
The fair value of our partnership’s financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table summarizes the valuation techniques and significant inputs for Brookfield Infrastructure’s financial assets and financial liabilities:
US$ MILLIONS | Fair value hierarchy | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Marketable securities | Level 1(1) | $ | 174 | $ | 85 | ||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | Level 2(2) | ||||||||
Financial asset | $ | 222 | $ | 236 | |||||
Financial liability | 206 | 196 | |||||||
Interest rate swaps & other | Level 2(2) | ||||||||
Financial asset | $ | 334 | $ | 381 | |||||
Financial liability | 160 | 155 | |||||||
Other contracts | Level 3(3) | ||||||||
Financial asset | $ | 48 | $ | 48 | |||||
Financial liability | 101 | 89 |
1. | Valuation technique: Quoted bid prices in an active market. |
2. | Valuation technique: Discounted cash flow. Future cash flows are estimated based on forward exchange rates (from observable forward exchange rates at the end of the reporting period) and contract forward rates, discounted at a rate that reflects our credit risk and the credit risk of various counterparties. |
3. | Valuation technique: Discounted cash flow. Future cash flows primarily driven by assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and discount rates. |
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include $778 million (2017: $750 million) of financial assets and $467 million (2017: $440 million) of financial liabilities which are measured at fair value using valuation inputs based on management’s best estimates.
During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, no transfers were made between level 1 and 2 or level 2 and 3. The following table categorizes financial assets and liabilities, which are carried at fair value, based upon the level of input.
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities | $ | 174 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 85 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
Financial assets (current and non-current) | — | 556 | 48 | — | 617 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities (current and non-current) | $ | — | $ | 366 | $ | 101 | $ | — | $ | 351 | $ | 89 |
16 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
US$ MILLIONS | Utility Assets | Transport Assets | Energy Assets | Total Assets | |||||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount: | |||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | 2,895 | $ | 2,362 | $ | 2,380 | $ | 7,637 | |||||||
Additions, net of disposals | 349 | 104 | 95 | 548 | |||||||||||
Non-cash (disposals), net of additions | — | — | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||||||
Acquisitions through business combinations(1) | — | — | 100 | 100 | |||||||||||
Net foreign currency exchange differences | 227 | 191 | 68 | 486 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 3,471 | $ | 2,657 | $ | 2,629 | $ | 8,757 | |||||||
Additions, net of disposals | 114 | 14 | 24 | 152 | |||||||||||
Non-cash (disposals), net of additions | (24 | ) | (3 | ) | 3 | (24 | ) | ||||||||
Net foreign currency exchange differences | 127 | (21 | ) | (23 | ) | 83 | |||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 3,688 | $ | 2,647 | $ | 2,633 | $ | 8,968 | |||||||
Accumulated depreciation: | |||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | (383 | ) | $ | (517 | ) | $ | (258 | ) | $ | (1,158 | ) | |||
Depreciation expense | (118 | ) | (147 | ) | (117 | ) | (382 | ) | |||||||
Non-cash disposals | 19 | 21 | — | 40 | |||||||||||
Disposals | — | — | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||
Net foreign currency exchange differences | (28 | ) | (44 | ) | (13 | ) | (85 | ) | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | (510 | ) | $ | (687 | ) | $ | (383 | ) | $ | (1,580 | ) | |||
Depreciation expense | (34 | ) | (37 | ) | (33 | ) | (104 | ) | |||||||
Disposals | 2 | 6 | — | 8 | |||||||||||
Net foreign currency exchange differences | (24 | ) | 4 | 4 | (16 | ) | |||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | (566 | ) | $ | (714 | ) | $ | (412 | ) | $ | (1,692 | ) | |||
Accumulated fair value adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | 1,043 | $ | 782 | $ | 352 | $ | 2,177 | |||||||
Fair value adjustments | 137 | 24 | 257 | 418 | |||||||||||
Net foreign currency exchange differences | 78 | 67 | 20 | 165 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 1,258 | $ | 873 | $ | 629 | $ | 2,760 | |||||||
Net foreign currency exchange differences | 70 | (9 | ) | (7 | ) | 54 | |||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 1,328 | $ | 864 | $ | 622 | $ | 2,814 | |||||||
Net book value: | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2017 | $ | 4,219 | $ | 2,843 | $ | 2,875 | $ | 9,937 | |||||||
March 31, 2018 | $ | 4,450 | $ | 2,797 | $ | 2,843 | $ | 10,090 |
1. | Refer to Note 5 Acquisition of Businesses. |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 17
8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Cost | $ | 10,468 | $ | 10,470 | |||
Accumulated amortization | (663 | ) | (576 | ) | |||
Total | $ | 9,805 | $ | 9,894 |
Intangible assets are allocated to the following cash generating units:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Brazilian regulated gas transmission operation | $ | 5,058 | $ | 5,134 | |||
Australian regulated terminal | 1,922 | 1,957 | |||||
Peruvian toll roads | 1,154 | 1,144 | |||||
Chilean toll roads | 1,108 | 1,100 | |||||
U.K. port operation | 300 | 289 | |||||
Indian toll roads | 124 | 130 | |||||
Other(1) | 139 | 140 | |||||
Total | $ | 9,805 | $ | 9,894 |
1. | Other intangibles are comprised of customer contracts at our Australian ports operations and contracted order book at our U.K. regulated distribution operation. |
The following table presents the change in the cost balance of intangible assets:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Cost at beginning of the period | $ | 10,470 | $ | 4,732 | |||
Additions, net of disposals | 15 | 26 | |||||
Foreign currency translation | (17 | ) | 187 | ||||
Ending Balance | $ | 10,468 | $ | 4,945 |
The following table presents the accumulated amortization for Brookfield Infrastructure’s intangible assets:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Accumulated amortization at beginning of the period | $ | (576 | ) | $ | (267 | ) | |
Disposals | — | 1 | |||||
Amortization | (89 | ) | (31 | ) | |||
Foreign currency translation | 2 | (10 | ) | ||||
Ending Balance | $ | (663 | ) | $ | (307 | ) |
18 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
9. INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES
The following table represents the change in the balance of investments in associates and joint ventures:
US$ MILLIONS | For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 | For the 12 month period ended December 31, 2017 | |||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 5,572 | $ | 4,727 | |||
Share of (losses) earnings for the period(1) | (5 | ) | 118 | ||||
Foreign currency translation and other | 45 | 167 | |||||
Share of other reserves for the period—OCI | 13 | 183 | |||||
Distributions | (4 | ) | (66 | ) | |||
Disposition of interest(1),(2) | (951 | ) | (177 | ) | |||
Acquisitions(3),(4) | 15 | 620 | |||||
Ending Balance | $ | 4,685 | $ | 5,572 |
1. | In March 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure sold its ownership in ETC Transmission Holdings, a Chilean electricity transmission operation, for $1.3 billion. On disposition, Brookfield Infrastructure recognized a gain on sale of $338 million ($209 million, net of taxes) presented within gain on sale of associate on the Consolidated Statements of Operating Results. In association with the gain, $35 million of accumulated other comprehensive losses were reclassified to share of losses from associates and joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements of Operating Results. Please refer to Note 4 Disposition of Chilean Electricity Transmission Operation for additional details. |
2. | In August 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure, alongside institutional partners and a Brookfield-sponsored infrastructure fund, reorganized the holding entities of its investment in the Brazilian toll road operation. This transaction resulted in no gain or loss being recorded within the Consolidated Statements of Operating Results. The reorganization resulted in Brookfield Infrastructure no longer consolidating a portion of the investment attributable to an institutional partner representing approximately an 8% stake. The reorganization concurrently reduced the investments in associates and joint venture and non-controlling interest partnership capital balances by $177 million during the third quarter of 2017. |
3. | In May 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure and its partner in its North American natural gas transmission operation each injected $200 million into the business to pay down operating level debt. |
4. | Throughout 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure, alongside an institutional partner, injected $349 million into the Brazilian toll road operation for growth capital expenditure requirements increasing our partnership’s ownership to 45%. No injection was made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. |
The following table represents the carrying value of our partnership’s investments in associates and joint ventures:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Brazilian toll road operation | $ | 1,706 | $ | 1,715 | |||
North American natural gas transmission operation | 1,030 | 1,013 | |||||
Chilean electricity transmission operation | — | 930 | |||||
European telecommunications infrastructure operation | 639 | 614 | |||||
Brazilian rail operation | 431 | 436 | |||||
Australian ports operation | 187 | 191 | |||||
Other associates(1) | 692 | 673 | |||||
Ending Balance | $ | 4,685 | $ | 5,572 |
1. | Other includes our partnership’s Texas electricity transmission project, Brazilian electricity transmission operation, European port operation, North American west coast container terminal, U.S. gas storage operation and other investments in associates and joint ventures held by consolidated subsidiaries. |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 19
The following tables summarize the aggregate balances of investments in associates on a 100% basis:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Financial position: | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 33,548 | $ | 40,375 | |||
Total liabilities | (16,870 | ) | (20,575 | ) | |||
Net assets | $ | 16,678 | $ | 19,800 |
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Financial performance: | |||||||
Total revenue | $ | 1,567 | $ | 1,445 | |||
Total income for the period | 64 | 59 | |||||
Brookfield Infrastructure’s share of net income before reclassification | 30 | 23 | |||||
Reclassification of previously recognized foreign currency movements(1) | (35 | ) | — | ||||
Brookfield Infrastructure’s share of net income | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 23 |
1. | In March 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure sold its ownership in ETC Transmission Holdings. In conjunction with the sale, $35 million of accumulated other comprehensive losses were reclassified to the Consolidated Statement of Operating Results and recorded within share of losses from associates and joint ventures. |
10. BORROWINGS
a) Corporate Borrowings
Brookfield Infrastructure has a $1.975 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility used for general working capital purposes including acquisitions. The $1.975 billion is available on a revolving basis for the full term of the facility. All amounts outstanding under this facility will be repayable on June 30, 2022. All obligations of Brookfield Infrastructure under the facility are guaranteed by our partnership. Loans under this facility accrue interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR plus 1.2%. Brookfield Infrastructure is required to pay an unused commitment fee under the facility of 18 basis points per annum. As at March 31, 2018, draws on the credit facility were $nil (2017: $789 million) and $63 million of letters of credit were issued (2017: $106 million).
Maturity | Annual Rate | Currency | As of | ||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
Corporate revolving credit facility | June 30, 2022 | LIBOR plus 1.2% | US$ | $ | — | $ | 789 | ||||||
Medium-term notes(1): | |||||||||||||
Current: | |||||||||||||
Public - Canadian | October 30, 2018 | 3.0% | C$ | 97 | 99 | ||||||||
Non-current: | |||||||||||||
Public - Canadian | October 30, 2020 | 3.5% | C$ | 291 | 298 | ||||||||
Public - Canadian | March 11, 2022 | 3.5% | C$ | 349 | 358 | ||||||||
Public - Canadian | February 22, 2024 | 3.3% | C$ | 232 | 239 | ||||||||
Public - Canadian | February 22, 2024 | 3.3% | C$ | 310 | 318 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 1,279 | $ | 2,101 |
1. | See Note 12, Subsidiary Public Issuers for further details. |
On April 17, 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure Finance ULC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Infrastructure, issued C$400 million of medium-term notes maturing February 22, 2024 with a coupon of 3.3%. The notes were issued at a premium with an effective interest rate of 3.1% per annum, which was swapped into U.S. dollars on a matched maturity basis at an all-in rate of 4.0%.
On February 22, 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure Finance ULC, issued C$300 million of medium-term notes maturing February 22, 2024 with a coupon of 3.3%, which was swapped into U.S. dollars on a matched maturity basis at an all-in rate of 4.1%.
20 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Brookfield Infrastructure has entered into a $500 million revolving credit facility with Brookfield to provide additional liquidity for general corporate purposes and capital expenditures, if required. The revolving credit facility automatically renews for four consecutive one year terms, which would result in the facility ultimately maturing on February 8, 2023. Brookfield has the option to terminate the agreement prior to February 8 each year by providing Brookfield Infrastructure with written notice. Loans under this facility accrued interest on LIBOR plus 2.00% and no commitment fees were incurred for any undrawn balance. As of March 31, 2018, there were $nil (2017: $nil) borrowings outstanding. On March 15, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure repaid $400 million placed on deposit from Brookfield.
The weakening of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 resulted in a decrease in corporate borrowings of $33 million from December 31, 2017.
b) Non-Recourse Borrowings
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Current | $ | 172 | $ | 364 | |||
Non-current | 8,007 | 7,699 | |||||
Total | $ | 8,179 | $ | 8,063 |
Non-recourse borrowings have increased by $116 million since year-end. This increase is attributable to a $56 million increase of foreign denominated debt balances, predominately the British pound, and increased net borrowings of $60 million at our operating entities to fund growth capital projects.
Subsequent to quarter end, our Brazilian regulated gas transmission business signed agreements to issue $1.5 billion of five-year senior notes. The issuance will be completed in the local bond market at an approximate rate of 7%.
11. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Our partnership’s approach to capital management is focused on maximizing returns to unitholders and ensuring capital is deployed in a manner consistent with achieving our investment return objectives.
Invested Capital, which tracks the amount of capital that has been contributed to our partnership, is a measure we utilize to assess returns on capital deployed, relative to targeted returns. Investment decisions are based on, amongst other measures and factors, targeted returns on Invested Capital of 12% to 15% annually over the long-term. We measure return on Invested Capital as adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”), less estimated returns of capital on operations that are not perpetual in life, divided by the weighted average Invested Capital for the period.
We define Invested Capital as partnership capital removing the impact of the following items: non-controlling interest in operating subsidiaries, retained earnings or deficit, accumulated other comprehensive income and ownership changes.
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Partnership Capital | $ | 13,607 | $ | 13,474 | |||
Remove impact of the following items since inception: | |||||||
Non-controlling interest - in operating subsidiaries | (5,839 | ) | (5,875 | ) | |||
Deficit | 738 | 1,366 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | (637 | ) | (1,257 | ) | |||
Ownership changes | (109 | ) | (109 | ) | |||
Invested Capital | $ | 7,760 | $ | 7,599 |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 21
The following table presents the change in Invested Capital during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Opening balance | $ | 7,599 | $ | 6,387 | |||
Issuance of preferred units | 157 | 220 | |||||
Issuance of limited partnership units and redeemable partnership units | 4 | 6 | |||||
Ending balance | $ | 7,760 | $ | 6,613 | |||
Weighted Average Invested Capital | $ | 7,716 | $ | 6,543 |
12. SUBSIDIARY PUBLIC ISSUERS
An indenture dated as of October 10, 2012 between certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of our partnership, Brookfield Infrastructure Finance ULC, Brookfield Infrastructure Finance LLC, Brookfield Infrastructure Finance Pty Ltd and Brookfield Infrastructure Finance Limited (collectively, the “Debt Issuers” together with Brookfield Infrastructure Preferred Equity Inc. the “Issuers”), and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as supplemented and amended from time to time (“Indenture”) provides for the distribution of one or more series of unsecured debentures or notes of the Debt Issuers.
On April 17, 2017, the Debt Issuers issued C$400 million of medium-term notes under the Indenture maturing February 22, 2024 in the Canadian bond market with a coupon of 3.3%, which was swapped into U.S. dollars on a matched maturity basis at an all-in rate of 4.0%.
On February 22, 2017, the Debt Issuers issued C$300 million of medium-term notes under the Indenture maturing February 22, 2024 in the Canadian bond market with a coupon of 3.3%, which was swapped into U.S. dollars on a matched maturity basis at an all-in rate of 4.1%.
On October 30, 2015, the Debt Issuers issued C$500 million of medium-term notes under the Indenture in the Canadian bond market in two tranches: C$125 million of three-year notes maturing October 30, 2018 with a coupon of 3.0%; and C$375 million of five-year notes maturing October 30, 2020 with a coupon of 3.5%. The three-year and five-year bonds were swapped into U.S. dollars on a matched maturity basis at an all-in rate of 3.8%.
On March 11, 2015, the Debt Issuers issued C$450 million of medium-term notes under the Indenture maturing March 11, 2022 in the Canadian bond market with a coupon of 3.5%, which was swapped into U.S. dollars on a matched maturity basis at an all-in rate of 3.9%.
These notes are unconditionally guaranteed by our partnership and its subsidiaries, Brookfield Infrastructure L.P. (the “Holding LP”), Brookfield Infrastructure Holdings (Canada) Inc., Brookfield Infrastructure US Holdings I Corporation and BIP Bermuda Holdings I Limited.
22 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
The following tables set forth consolidated summary financial information for our partnership and the Issuers:
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 US$ MILLIONS | Our partnership(2) | The Issuers | Subsidiaries of our partnership other than the Issuers(3) | Consolidating adjustments(4) | Our partnership consolidated | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,013 | $ | 1,013 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to partnership(1) | 122 | — | 209 | (122 | ) | 209 | ||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 656 | $ | 656 | ||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to partnership(1) | (4 | ) | — | 22 | 4 | 22 | ||||||||||||||
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,072 | ||||||||||
Non-current assets | 5,677 | — | 7,046 | 14,373 | 27,096 | |||||||||||||||
Current liabilities | — | — | — | 1,799 | 1,799 | |||||||||||||||
Non-current liabilities | — | 1,279 | — | 12,483 | 13,762 | |||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | — | — | — | 2,014 | 2,014 | |||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests – in operating subsidiaries | — | — | — | 5,839 | 5,839 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred unitholders | — | — | — | 752 | 752 | |||||||||||||||
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,512 | $ | 1,512 | ||||||||||
Non-current assets | 5,514 | — | 5,987 | 16,464 | 27,965 | |||||||||||||||
Current liabilities | — | — | — | 1,564 | 1,564 | |||||||||||||||
Non-current liabilities | — | 1,313 | — | 13,126 | 14,439 | |||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | — | — | — | 2,012 | 2,012 | |||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests – in operating subsidiaries | — | — | — | 5,875 | 5,875 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred unitholders | — | — | — | 595 | 595 |
1. | Includes net income attributable to non-controlling interest Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield, general partner and limited partners. |
2. | Includes investments in all subsidiaries of our partnership under the equity method. |
3. | Includes investments in all subsidiaries of the Holding LP, Brookfield Infrastructure Holdings (Canada) Inc., Brookfield Infrastructure US Holdings I Corporation and BIP Bermuda Holdings I Limited under the equity method. |
4. | Includes elimination of intercompany transactions and balances necessary to present our partnership on a consolidated basis. |
13. REVENUE
The following table disaggregates revenues by segment:
US$ MILLIONS | For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 | ||
Utilities | $ | 535 | |
Transport | 339 | ||
Energy | 139 | ||
Total | $ | 1,013 |
Substantially all of our partnership’s revenues are recognized over time as services are rendered.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 23
The following table disaggregates revenues by geographical region:
US$ MILLIONS | For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 | ||
Brazil | $ | 305 | |
Australia | 284 | ||
United Kingdom | 159 | ||
Canada | 77 | ||
United States of America | 41 | ||
Chile | 45 | ||
Colombia | 44 | ||
Other(1) | 58 | ||
Total | $ | 1,013 |
1. | Includes revenues earned in India, New Zealand, and Peru. |
14. PARTNERSHIP CAPITAL
As at March 31, 2018, our partnership’s capital structure was comprised of three classes of partnership units: limited partnership units, preferred units and general partnership units. Units entitle the holder to their proportionate share of distributions. Preferred units entitle the holder to cumulative preferential cash distributions in accordance with their terms. General partnership units entitle the holder to the right to govern the financial and operating policies of our partnership. The Holding LP’s capital structure is composed of four classes of partnership units: special general partner units, Holding LP Class A preferred units, managing general partner units and redeemable partnership units held by Brookfield.
(a) Special General and Limited Partnership Capital
Special General Partner Units | Limited Partnership Units | Total | |||||||||||||||
UNITS MILLIONS | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||||||||
Opening balance | 1.6 | 1.6 | 276.6 | 259.4 | 278.2 | 261.0 | |||||||||||
Issued for cash | — | — | 0.1 | 17.2 | 0.1 | 17.2 | |||||||||||
Ending balance | 1.6 | 1.6 | 276.7 | 276.6 | 278.3 | 278.2 |
The weighted average number of special general partner units outstanding for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was 1.6 million (2017: 1.6 million). The weighted average number of limited partnership units outstanding for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was 276.6 million (2017: 259.5 million).
Special General Partner | Limited Partners | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||
Opening balance | $ | 19 | $ | 19 | $ | 4,907 | $ | 4,215 | $ | 4,926 | $ | 4,234 | |||||||||||
Unit issuance | — | — | 4 | 692 | 4 | 692 | |||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | 19 | $ | 19 | $ | 4,911 | $ | 4,907 | $ | 4,930 | $ | 4,926 |
In September 2017, our partnership issued 16.6 million units at $42 per unit under shelf registrations in the U.S. and Canada. In total, $700 million of gross proceeds were raised through the issuance and $28 million in equity issuance costs were incurred.
In June 2010, we implemented a distribution reinvestment plan (the “Plan”) that allows eligible holders of our partnership to purchase additional units by reinvesting their cash distributions. Under the Plan, units are acquired at a price per unit calculated by reference to the volume weighted average of the trading price for our units on the New York Stock Exchange for the five trading days immediately preceding the relevant distribution date. During the three-month period ending March 31, 2018, our partnership issued less than 1 million units for proceeds of $4 million (2017: less than 1 million units for proceeds of $6 million).
24 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
(b) Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield
Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | |||||
UNITS MILLIONS | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | |||
Opening balance | 115.8 | 108.4 | |||
Issued for cash | — | 7.4 | |||
Ending balance | 115.8 | 115.8 |
The weighted average number of Redeemable Partnership Units outstanding for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was 115.8 million (2017: 108.4 million).
Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||
Opening balance | $ | 2,078 | $ | 1,778 | |||
Unit issuance | — | 300 | |||||
Ending balance | $ | 2,078 | $ | 2,078 |
In September 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure issued 7.4 million Redeemable Partnership Units to Brookfield for proceeds of $300 million.
c) Preferred Unitholders’ Capital
Preferred Units | |||||
UNITS MILLIONS | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | |||
Opening balance | 32.0 | 20.0 | |||
Issued for cash | 8.0 | 12.0 | |||
Ending balance | 40.0 | 32.0 |
Preferred Units | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | As of and for the three-month period ended Mar. 31, 2018 | As of and for the 12 month period ended Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||
Opening balance | $ | 595 | $ | 375 | |||
Unit issuance | 157 | 220 | |||||
Ending balance | $ | 752 | $ | 595 |
In January 2018, our partnership issued 8 million Series 9 Preferred Units, at C$25 per unit with a quarterly fixed distribution at a rate of 5.00% annually for the initial period ending March 31, 2023. In total, $161 million or C$200 million of gross proceeds were raised, $4 million in underwriting costs were incurred and less than $1 million in issuance costs were incurred.
In January 2017, our partnership issued 12 million Series 7 Preferred Units, at C$25 per unit with a quarterly fixed distribution at a rate of 5.00% annually for the initial period ending March 31, 2022. In total, $225 million or C$300 million of gross proceeds were raised, $4 million in underwriting costs were incurred and less than $1 million in issuance costs were incurred.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 25
15. DISTRIBUTIONS
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, distributions to partnership unitholders were $185 million or $0.47 per partnership unit (2017: $160 million or $0.435 per partnership unit), an 8% increase from December 31, 2017.
Additionally, incentive distributions were made to the special general partner of $34 million (2017: $28 million).
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our partnership declared distributions of $9 million or $0.23 per preferred unit (2017: $6 million or $0.24 per preferred unit).
16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
a) Attributable to Limited Partners
US$ MILLIONS | Revaluation surplus | Foreign currency translation | Net investment hedges | Cash flow hedges | Marketable securities | Unrealized actuarial losses | Equity accounted investments | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2018 | $ | 976 | $ | (835 | ) | $ | 28 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | — | $ | (27 | ) | $ | 748 | $ | 864 | ||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | 76 | (37 | ) | (21 | ) | (11 | ) | — | 9 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other items | (450 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | (450 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 526 | $ | (759 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (47 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (27 | ) | $ | 757 | $ | 430 |
US$ MILLIONS | Revaluation surplus | Foreign currency translation | Net investment hedges | Cash flow hedges | Marketable securities | Unrealized actuarial losses | Equity accounted investments | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | 957 | $ | (891 | ) | $ | 215 | $ | (130 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | 619 | $ | 736 | |||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | 86 | (85 | ) | 9 | — | — | (18 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2017 | $ | 957 | $ | (805 | ) | $ | 130 | $ | (121 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | 601 | $ | 728 |
b) Attributable to General Partner
US$ MILLIONS | Revaluation surplus | Foreign currency translation | Net investment hedges | Cash flow hedges | Marketable securities | Unrealized actuarial losses | Equity accounted investments | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2018 | $ | 7 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4 | $ | 6 | ||||||||||||||
Other items | (3 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 4 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4 | $ | 3 |
US$ MILLIONS | Revaluation surplus | Foreign currency translation | Net investment hedges | Cash flow hedges | Marketable securities | Unrealized actuarial losses | Equity accounted investments | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | 7 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 3 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3 | $ | 7 | |||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2017 | $ | 7 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 3 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3 | $ | 7 |
26 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
c) Attributable to Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield
US$ MILLIONS | Revaluation surplus | Foreign currency translation | Net investment hedges | Cash flow hedges | Marketable securities | Unrealized actuarial losses | Equity accounted investments | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2018 | $ | 425 | $ | (339 | ) | $ | 11 | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 314 | $ | 387 | |||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | 29 | (15 | ) | (8 | ) | (5 | ) | — | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other items | (188 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | (188 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 237 | $ | (310 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 318 | $ | 204 |
US$ MILLIONS | Revaluation surplus | Foreign currency translation | Net investment hedges | Cash flow hedges | Marketable securities | Unrealized actuarial losses | Equity accounted investments | Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | 417 | $ | (365 | ) | $ | 88 | $ | (58 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | 261 | $ | 331 | |||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | 36 | (36 | ) | 4 | — | — | (8 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2017 | $ | 417 | $ | (329 | ) | $ | 52 | $ | (54 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | 253 | $ | 327 |
In relation to the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission business, $127 million of deferred tax expense previously recognized within accumulated other comprehensive income was reclassified as current income tax expense within accumulated other comprehensive income.
17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the normal course of operations, Brookfield Infrastructure entered into the transactions below with related parties. The immediate parent of Brookfield Infrastructure is our partnership. The ultimate parent of Brookfield Infrastructure is Brookfield. Other related parties of Brookfield Infrastructure represent its subsidiary and operating entities.
a) Transactions with the immediate parent
Throughout the year, the General Partner, in its capacity as our partnership’s general partner, incurs director fees, a portion of which are charged at cost to our partnership in accordance with the limited partnership agreement. Less than $1 million in director fees were incurred during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: less than $1 million for the three-month period).
b) Transactions with other related parties
Since inception, Brookfield Infrastructure has had a management agreement (the “Master Services Agreement”) with certain service providers (the “Service Provider”), which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield.
Pursuant to the Master Services Agreement, on a quarterly basis, Brookfield Infrastructure pays a base management fee, referred to as the Base Management Fee, to the Service Provider equal to 0.3125% per quarter (1.25% annually) of the market value of our partnership. The Base Management Fee was $56 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: $48 million). As of March 31, 2018, $56 million was outstanding as payable to the Service Provider (December 31, 2017: $64 million).
For purposes of calculating the Base Management Fee, the market value of our partnership is equal to the aggregate value of all the outstanding units of our partnership (assuming full conversion of Brookfield’s Redeemable Partnership Units in the Holdings LP into units of our partnership), preferred units and securities of the other Service Recipients (as defined in Brookfield Infrastructure’s Master Services Agreement) that are not held by Brookfield Infrastructure, plus all outstanding third party debt with recourse to a Service Recipient, less all cash held by such entities.
During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, less than $1 million was reimbursed at cost to the Service Provider (2017: $nil). These amounts represent third party costs that were paid for by Brookfield on behalf of Brookfield Infrastructure relating to general and administrative expenses, and acquisition related expenses of Brookfield Infrastructure. These expenses were charged to Brookfield Infrastructure at cost.
As of March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure had a receivable balance of $20 million from subsidiaries of Brookfield (December 31, 2017: $20 million) and loans payable of $73 million to subsidiaries of Brookfield (December 31, 2017: $75 million). The loans are payable in full between 2018 and 2026 with interest rates ranging from 3.8% to 8.5% per annum.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 27
Brookfield Infrastructure, from time to time, will place funds on deposit with Brookfield. As of March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure’s deposit balance with Brookfield was less than $1 million (December 31, 2017: less than $1 million) and earned interest of less than $1 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: $2 million).
Brookfield Infrastructure has entered into a $500 million revolving credit facility with Brookfield to provide additional liquidity for general corporate purposes and capital expenditures, if required. As of March 31, 2018, there were $nil (2017: $nil) borrowings outstanding. On March 15, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure repaid $400 million placed on deposit from Brookfield.
Brookfield Infrastructure’s North American district energy operation provides heating and cooling services and leases office space on market terms with subsidiaries of Brookfield Office Properties Inc. The North American district energy operation also utilizes consulting and engineering services provided by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield on market terms. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, revenues of $2 million were generated (2017: $2 million) and expenses of less than $1 million were incurred (2017: less than $1 million).
Brookfield Infrastructure utilizes a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield to negotiate and purchase insurance and assess the adequacy of insurance on behalf of our partnership and certain subsidiaries. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure paid less than $1 million for these services (2017: less than $1 million).
Brookfield Infrastructure’s U.K. port operation provides port marine services on market terms to a subsidiary acquired by Brookfield Business Partners LP. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, $1 million of revenues were generated (2017: $nil).
Brookfield Infrastructure’s Colombian regulated distribution business purchases electricity from, and distributes electricity on behalf of, a subsidiary of Brookfield Renewable Partners L.P. in the normal course of its operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, expenses of $3 million were incurred (2017: $nil).
28 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 AND 2017
INTRODUCTION
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is the responsibility of management of Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P. (our “partnership” collectively with its subsidiary and operating entities “Brookfield Infrastructure”). This MD&A is dated May 14, 2018, and has been approved by the Board of Directors of the general partner of our partnership for issuance as of that date. The Board of Directors carries out its responsibility for review of this document principally through its audit committee, comprised exclusively of independent directors. The audit committee reviews and, prior to its publication, approves this document, pursuant to the authority delegated to it by the Board of Directors. The terms “Brookfield Infrastructure,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P., and our partnership’s direct and indirect subsidiaries and operating entities as a group. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P.’s most recently issued annual and interim financial statements. Additional information, including Brookfield Infrastructure’s Form 20-F, is available on its website at www.brookfieldinfrastructure.com, on SEDAR’s website at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR’s website at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.
Business Overview
Brookfield Infrastructure owns and operates high quality, long-life assets that generate stable cash flows, require relatively minimal maintenance capital expenditures and, by virtue of barriers to entry and other characteristics, tend to appreciate in value over time. Our current operations consist of utility, transport, energy and communications infrastructure businesses in North and South America, Asia Pacific and Europe. Our mission is to own and operate a globally diversified portfolio of high quality infrastructure assets that will generate sustainable and growing distributions over the long term for our unitholders. To accomplish this objective, we will seek to leverage our operating segments to acquire infrastructure assets and actively manage them to extract additional value following our initial investment. An integral part of our strategy is to participate with institutional investors in Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (together with its affiliated entities other than us, “Brookfield”) sponsored partnerships that target acquisitions that suit our profile. We will focus on partnerships in which Brookfield has sufficient influence or control to deploy an operations-oriented approach.
Performance Targets and Key Measures
We target a total return of 12% to 15% per annum on the infrastructure assets that we own, measured over the long term. We intend to generate this return from the in-place cash flows from our operations plus growth through investments in upgrades and expansions of our asset base, as well as acquisitions. We determine our distributions to unitholders based primarily on an assessment of our operating performance. FFO is used to assess our operating performance and can be used on a per unit basis as a proxy for future distribution growth over the long-term. In addition, we have performance measures that track the key value drivers for each of our operating segments. See “Segmented Disclosures” on page 33 for more detail.
Distribution Policy
Our distributions are underpinned by stable, highly regulated and contracted cash flows generated from operations. The Partnership’s objective is to pay a distribution that is sustainable on a long-term basis. The Partnership has set its target payout ratio target at 60-70% of funds from operations. In sizing what we believe to be a conservative payout ratio, we typically retain approximately 15-20% of AFFO that we utilize to fund some or all of our internally funded growth capital expenditures.
In light of the current prospects for our business, the Board of Directors of our General Partner approved an 8% increase in our annual distribution to $1.88 per unit, or $0.47 per unit quarterly, starting with the distribution paid in March 2018. This increase reflects the forecasted contribution from our recently commissioned capital projects, as well as the expected cash yield on acquisitions that we closed in the past year. Since the spin-off, we have increased our quarterly distribution from $0.18 per unit to $0.47 per unit, a compound annual growth rate of 11%. We target 5% to 9% annual distribution growth in light of the per unit growth we foresee in our operations.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 29
Basis of Presentation
Our unaudited interim condensed and consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting (“IAS 34”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and using the accounting policies Brookfield Infrastructure applied in its consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, with the exception of newly adopted accounting standards described in Note 2, Summary of Accounting Policies. Our unaudited interim condensed and consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Brookfield Infrastructure and the entities over which it has control. Brookfield Infrastructure accounts for investments over which it exercises significant influence, but does not control, using the equity method.
Our partnership’s equity interests include units held by public unitholders and redeemable partnership units (“Redeemable Partnership Units”) held by Brookfield. Our units and the Redeemable Partnership Units have the same economic attributes in all respects, except that the Redeemable Partnership Units provide Brookfield the right to request that its units be redeemed for cash consideration. In the event that Brookfield exercises this right, our partnership has the right, at its sole discretion, to satisfy the redemption request with our units, rather than cash, on a one-for-one basis. As a result, Brookfield, as holder of Redeemable Partnership Units, participates in earnings and distributions on a per unit basis equivalent to the per unit participation of our partnership. However, given the redeemable feature referenced above, we present the Redeemable Partnership Units as a component of non-controlling interests.
When we discuss the results of our operating segments, we present Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate share of results for operations accounted for using consolidation and the equity method, in order to demonstrate the impact of key value drivers of each of these operating segments on our partnership’s overall performance. As a result, segment revenues, costs attributable to revenues, other income, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, deferred taxes, fair value adjustments and other items will differ from results presented in accordance with IFRS as they (1) include Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate share of earnings from investments in associates and joint ventures attributable to each of the above noted items, and (2) exclude the share of earnings (losses) of consolidated investments not held by Brookfield Infrastructure apportioned to each of the above noted items. However, net income for each segment is consistent with results presented in accordance with IFRS. See “Reconciliation of Operating Segments” on page 60 for a reconciliation of segment results to our partnership’s statement of operating results in accordance with IFRS.
Our presentation currency and functional currency is the U.S. dollar, and has been throughout each of the last ten years. There were no changes in accounting policies that have had a material impact on the comparability of the results between financial years since the adoption of IFRS.
OUR OPERATIONS
We own a portfolio of infrastructure assets that are diversified by sector and by geography. We have a stable cash flow profile with approximately 95% of our Adjusted EBITDA supported by regulated or contracted revenues. In order to assist our unitholders and preferred unitholders in evaluating our performance and assessing our value, we group our businesses into operating segments based on similarities in their underlying economic drivers.
Our operating segments are summarized below:
Operating Segment | Asset Type | Primary Location | ||
Utilities | ||||
Regulated or contractual businesses which earn a return on their asset base | • Regulated Transmission | • North & South America | ||
• Regulated Distribution | • Europe & South America | |||
• Regulated Terminal | • Asia Pacific | |||
Transport | ||||
Provide transportation for freight, bulk commodities and passengers | • Rail | • Asia Pacific & South America | ||
• Toll Roads | • South America & Asia Pacific | |||
• Ports | • Europe, North America & Asia Pacific | |||
Energy | ||||
Systems that provide energy transmission and storage services | • Energy Transmission & Storage | • North America | ||
• District Energy | • North America & Asia Pacific | |||
Communications Infrastructure | ||||
Provide essential services and critical infrastructure to the media broadcasting and telecom sectors | • Tower Infrastructure Operations | • Europe |
30 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
REVIEW OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL RESULTS
In this section we review our consolidated performance and financial position as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Further details on the key drivers of our operations and financial position are contained within the “Segmented Disclosures” section on page 33.
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER UNIT INFORMATION | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Summary Statements of Operating Results | |||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,013 | $ | 656 | |||
Direct operating costs | (409 | ) | (343 | ) | |||
General and administrative expenses | (58 | ) | (51 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization expense | (193 | ) | (120 | ) | |||
Interest expense | (114 | ) | (94 | ) | |||
Share of (losses) earnings from investments in associates and joint ventures | (5 | ) | 23 | ||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items | (36 | ) | (37 | ) | |||
Gain on sale of associate | 338 | — | |||||
Income tax expense | (185 | ) | (12 | ) | |||
Net income | 327 | 46 | |||||
Net income attributable to our partnership(1) | 209 | 22 | |||||
Net income (loss) per limited partnership unit | $ | 0.42 | $ | (0.03 | ) |
1. Includes net income attributable to non-controlling interests—Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield, general partner and limited partners.
Three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Net income for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was $327 million, of which $209 million is attributable to our partnership. This compares to net income of $46 million in the prior year, of which $22 million was attributable to our partnership. During the quarter, a gain of $209 million (net of tax) was recorded, relating to the sale of our investment in a Chilean electricity transmission business. Results from the period reflect improved operating performance generated across the majority of our operations, the impacts of which were offset by higher depreciation and foreign exchange.
Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were $1,013 million, which represents an increase of $357 million compared to the same period in 2017. Our utilities segment contributed additional revenue of $321 million, predominantly as a result of the contribution from our Brazilian regulated gas transmission business acquired in April 2017. Additionally, our other existing utility businesses benefited from inflation-indexation and additions to rate base, primarily at our U.K. regulated distribution operation. Organic growth initiatives within our energy business contributed additional revenue of $20 million compared to the prior year, and foreign exchange accounted for a $35 million increase across our businesses. These items were partially offset by a $9 million decrease in revenues due to lower construction revenues from our Peruvian toll road business and a $10 million reduction in revenues at our North American gas storage business due to a weaker spread environment.
Direct operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were $409 million, an increase of $66 million compared to the three-month period ended March 31, 2017. The current period includes $31 million of incremental costs related to our Brazilian regulated gas transmission business, $26 million of costs associated with the organic growth initiatives described above and the impact of foreign exchange of $18 million. These increases were partially offset by a $9 million reduction in costs associated with lower construction activities at our Peruvian toll road business.
General and administrative expenses totaled $58 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $7 million compared to the same period in 2017. This line item primarily consists of the base management fee that is paid to Brookfield, which is equal to 1.25% of our partnership’s market value plus our preferred units and net recourse debt. The base management fee increased from prior year due to a higher unit price and the issuance of partnership and preferred units over the last 12 months, the proceeds of which were used to fund new investments and organic growth initiatives.
Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $193 million, an increase of $73 million compared to the prior year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily due to incremental charges associated with businesses acquired in the last year, higher asset values from our annual revaluation process and capital expenditures.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 31
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $114 million, an increase of $20 million compared to the same period in 2017. Interest expense increased due to additional corporate borrowings used to fund new investments and organic growth opportunities, and the impact of foreign exchange.
The Partnership’s share of losses from investments in associates and joint ventures was $5 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, representing a decrease of $28 million relative to the same period in 2017. The current period has benefited from stronger underlying performance at our associates and joint ventures, most notably at our North American gas transmission business. These benefits were more than offset by a $35 million loss related to the reclassification of previously recognized foreign exchange losses from accumulated other comprehensive income related to our investment in a Chilean electricity transmission business sold in the quarter.
Mark-to-market losses on hedging items for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were $36 million, compared to losses of $37 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017. Amounts in both the current and comparative periods consist primarily of mark‑to‑market movements relating to foreign exchange hedging activities at the corporate level, mainly relating to the Australian dollar, British pound and Euro.
Income tax expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was $185 million compared to $12 million for the same period in 2017. The increase is primarily due to the taxes associated with the gain on sale of our 28% interest in a Chilean electricity transmission business in the current period, acquisitions completed during the past year and higher taxable income generated by our operations.
US$ MILLIONS Summary Statements of Financial Position Key Metrics | As of | ||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 890 | $ | 374 | |||
Total assets | 29,168 | 29,477 | |||||
Corporate borrowings | 1,279 | 2,101 | |||||
Non-recourse borrowings | 8,179 | 8,063 | |||||
Total liabilities | 15,561 | 16,003 | |||||
Limited Partners’ capital | 4,977 | 4,967 | |||||
General Partner capital | 25 | 25 | |||||
Non-controlling interest – Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield | 2,014 | 2,012 | |||||
Non-controlling interest – in operating subsidiaries | 5,839 | 5,875 | |||||
Preferred unitholders | 752 | 595 |
Total assets were $29.2 billion at March 31, 2018, compared to $29.5 billion at December 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.3 billion or 1%. The decrease was primarily due to the use of cash proceeds received on the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission business to repay the drawn amount of our corporate credit facility of $0.8 billion, partially offset by the $0.2 billion (net of tax) gain recorded on the sale and the impact of foreign exchange, as most foreign currencies in which we operate have appreciated against the U.S. dollar.
Corporate borrowings decreased to $1.3 billion at March 31, 2018, compared to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2017. The decrease is due to net repayments of $0.8 billion on our corporate credit facility and a decrease due to foreign exchange as our debt is denominated in Canadian dollars.
Non-recourse borrowings increased by $0.1 billion to $8.2 billion at March 31, 2018 from $8.1 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase is attributable to additional net borrowings of $0.1 billion associated with growth capital projects at our operating entities and an increase in foreign denominated debt as currencies we operate in strengthened relative to the U.S. dollar in the first quarter.
Partnership capital of $7.0 billion at March 31, 2018 is relatively consistent with year-end as comprehensive income attributable to the partnership of $0.2 billion was offset by distributions paid to our unitholders and preferred unitholders of $0.2 billion.
Preferred unitholders’ equity increased by $0.2 billion to $0.8 billion at March 31, 2018 reflecting the preferred unit issuance completed in January of this year.
32 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Summary of Quarterly Results
Quarterly results for the eight most recent quarters are as follows:
US$ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER UNIT AMOUNTS | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three-month period ended | Q1 | Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,013 | $ | 984 | $ | 961 | $ | 934 | $ | 656 | $ | 677 | $ | 522 | $ | 462 | |||||||||||||||
Direct operating costs | (409 | ) | (399 | ) | (394 | ) | (373 | ) | (343 | ) | (396 | ) | (267 | ) | (198 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(Losses) earnings from investment in associates and joint ventures | (5 | ) | 35 | 24 | 36 | 23 | 106 | 32 | 106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest | (114 | ) | (113 | ) | (114 | ) | (107 | ) | (94 | ) | (98 | ) | (98 | ) | (101 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Corporate costs | (58 | ) | (66 | ) | (63 | ) | (59 | ) | (51 | ) | (44 | ) | (45 | ) | (40 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Valuation items | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value changes and other | (60 | ) | 6 | (18 | ) | (34 | ) | (13 | ) | 76 | 70 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (193 | ) | (130 | ) | (215 | ) | (206 | ) | (120 | ) | (113 | ) | (126 | ) | (108 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of associates | 338 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) recovery | (185 | ) | (75 | ) | (30 | ) | (56 | ) | (12 | ) | (30 | ) | 15 | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | 327 | 242 | 151 | 135 | 46 | 178 | 103 | 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to others | 205 | 212 | 156 | 145 | 50 | 75 | 60 | 62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to limited partners | 122 | 30 | (5 | ) | (10 | ) | (4 | ) | 103 | 43 | 97 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per limited partnership unit | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.39 |
A significant driver of our results continues to be organic growth driven by inflation, volume growth and reinvested capital, which add to the ongoing earnings profile of our current businesses, as well as new investments. On a constant currency basis, these items contributed to increases in our revenues, operating and interest costs, as well as depreciation expense. In addition to the aforementioned items, net income is impacted by fair value adjustments, other income and expenses, and the gain relating to the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission operation.
We do not consider the effects of seasonality to be significant to the business overall. This is primarily due to the diversification of our business from a geographic and a segment perspective.
SEGMENTED DISCLOSURES
In this section, we review the results of our principal operating segments: utilities, transport, energy and communications infrastructure. Each segment is presented on a proportionate basis, taking into account Brookfield Infrastructure’s ownership in operations accounted for using the consolidation and equity methods, whereby our partnership either controls or exercises significant influence or joint control over its investments. See “Discussion of Segment Reconciling Items” on page 62 for a reconciliation of segment results to our partnership’s statement of operating results in accordance with IFRS.
Utilities Operations
Our utilities segment is comprised of regulated utilities businesses, including transmission (natural gas and electricity), distribution (electricity and natural gas connections), and a regulated terminal (coal export terminal). These businesses earn a return on a regulated or notionally stipulated asset base, which we refer to as rate base, or from revenues in accordance with long-term concession agreements or price control frameworks. Our rate base increases with capital that we invest to upgrade and expand our systems. Depending on the jurisdiction, our rate base may also increase by inflation and maintenance capital expenditures and decrease by regulatory depreciation. The return that we earn is typically determined by a regulator for prescribed periods of time. Thereafter, it may be subject to customary reviews based upon established criteria. Our diversified portfolio of assets allows us to mitigate exposure to any single regulatory regime. In addition, due to the franchise frameworks and economies of scale of our businesses, we often have significant competitive advantages in competing for projects to expand our rate base and earn incremental revenues. Accordingly, we expect this segment to produce stable revenue and margins overtime that should increase with investment of additional capital and inflation. Nearly all of our utility segment’s Adjusted EBITDA is supported by regulated or contractual revenues.
Our objectives for our utilities segment are to invest capital in the expansion of our rate base, as well as to provide safe and reliable service for our customers on a cost efficient basis. If we do so, we will be in a position to earn an appropriate return on our rate base. Our performance can be measured by the growth in our rate base, the return on our rate base, and the growth in our AFFO.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 33
Our utilities segment is comprised of the following:
Regulated Transmission
• | Approximately 2,000 kilometres of natural gas pipelines in Brazil |
• | Approximately 2,200 kilometres of operating transmission lines in North America along with an additional 2,600 kilometres of greenfield electricity transmission under development in South America |
Regulated Distribution
• | Approximately 3.4 million connections, predominantly electricity and natural gas, and approximately 880,000 acquired smart meters |
Regulated Terminal
• | One of the world’s largest metallurgical coal export terminals, with 85 million tons per annum (“mtpa”) of capacity |
Recent Developments
During 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure, alongside institutional partners and a Brookfield-sponsored infrastructure fund, signed agreements to acquire a controlling interest in a Colombian natural gas distribution network, of which an 11% interest was acquired during 2017. Completion of this transaction is expected to occur in the second quarter of 2018 and remains subject to certain closing conditions and regulatory approvals.
Subsequent to quarter end, our Brazilian regulated gas transmission business signed agreements to issue $1.5 billion of five-year senior notes, with proceeds of approximately $500 million net to the partnership. The issuance will be completed in the local bond market at an approximate rate of 7%.
Results of Operations
The following table presents our proportionate share of the key metrics of our utilities segment:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Rate base | $ | 4,808 | $ | 3,949 | ||||
Funds from operations (FFO)(1) | 169 | 100 | ||||||
Maintenance capital expenditures | (5 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO)(1) | $ | 164 | $ | 97 | ||||
Return on rate base(2),(3) | 11 | % | 10 | % |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
2. | Return on rate base is Adjusted EBITDA divided by time weighted average rate base. |
3. | Return on rate base excludes impact of connections revenues at our U.K. regulated distribution operation |
The following table presents our utilities segment’s proportionate share of financial results:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | $ | 203 | $ | 128 | |||
Funds from operations (FFO)(1) | 169 | 100 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
34 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our utilities segment generated Adjusted EBITDA and FFO of $203 million and $169 million, respectively, compared with $128 million and $100 million, respectively, for the same period in the prior year. The largest contributor to the increase in Adjusted EBITDA and FFO was the contribution from our Brazilian regulated gas transmission business acquired in April 2017. Additionally, revenues and costs for the segment increased due to higher connection activity at our U.K. regulated distribution business, inflation-indexation and capital commissioned into the rate base across our operations. These increases were partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange.
The following table presents our proportionate Adjusted EBITDA and FFO for the businesses in this operating segment:
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | FFO(1) | ||||||||||||||
For the three-month period ended March 31 | For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||
Regulated Transmission | $ | 108 | $ | 30 | $ | 96 | $ | 22 | |||||||
Regulated Distribution | 68 | 71 | 56 | 60 | |||||||||||
Regulated Terminal | 27 | 27 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 203 | $ | 128 | $ | 169 | $ | 100 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our regulated transmission operations generated Adjusted EBITDA of $108 million and FFO of $96 million, compared to $30 million and $22 million, respectively, in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO increased due to the contribution from our Brazilian regulated gas transmission business acquired during the second quarter of 2017, and growth in our base business from inflation-indexation and additions to rate base.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our regulated distribution operations generated Adjusted EBITDA of $68 million and FFO of $56 million, compared to $71 million and $60 million, respectively, in the 2017 period. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO benefited from an increase in rate base, higher connections income, inflation-indexation and contributions from smart meters acquired in the last 12 months at our U.K. regulated distribution business. These positive impacts were more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange as a result of lower contracted rates on our pound sterling hedges.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our regulated terminal reported Adjusted EBITDA of $27 million and FFO of $17 million, compared to $27 million and $18 million, respectively, in the same period of 2017. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO remained relatively consistent with the prior year as the benefits of inflation-indexation were more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange.
The following table presents the roll-forward of our proportionate rate base:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Rate base, start of period | $ | 5,638 | $ | 3,788 | |||
Dispositions | (969 | ) | — | ||||
Capital expenditures commissioned | 115 | 54 | |||||
Inflation and other indexation | (7 | ) | 16 | ||||
Regulatory depreciation | — | (12 | ) | ||||
Foreign exchange and other | 31 | 103 | |||||
Rate base, end of period | $ | 4,808 | $ | 3,949 |
Our rate base has increased from the prior year as a result of the acquisition of a regulated gas transmission business in Brazil, new connections at our U.K. regulated distribution business and the commissioning of over 900 kilometres of greenfield transmission lines in Brazil, partially offset by the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission operation.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 35
The following table presents the roll-forward of our proportionate share of capital backlog and capital to be commissioned:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Capital backlog, start of period | $ | 1,140 | $ | 761 | |||
Impact of asset sales | (124 | ) | — | ||||
Additional capital project mandates | 79 | 140 | |||||
Less: capital expenditures | (103 | ) | (83 | ) | |||
Foreign exchange and other | (2 | ) | 44 | ||||
Capital backlog, end of period | 990 | 862 | |||||
Construction work in progress | 218 | 213 | |||||
Total capital to be commissioned | $ | 1,208 | $ | 1,075 |
As of March 31, 2018, capital backlog was $990 million compared to $1,140 million as of December 31, 2017. Capital backlog relates to projects that have been awarded or filed with regulators with anticipated commissioning into rate base in the next two to three years. Total capital backlog decreased as increases primarily relating to connections added to our backlog at our U.K. regulated distribution business were offset by the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission business. Our U.K. regulated distribution business and Brazil electricity transmission system are the largest contributors to capital backlog with approximately $730 million and $245 million, respectively.
Transport
Our transport segment is comprised of open access systems that provide transportation, storage and handling services for freight, bulk commodities and passengers, for which we are paid an access fee or for services provided. Profitability is based on the volume and price achieved for the provision of these services. This operating segment is comprised of businesses with price ceilings as a result of regulation, such as our rail and toll road operations, as well as unregulated businesses, such as our ports. Transport businesses typically have high barriers to entry and, in many instances, have very few substitutes in their local markets. While these businesses have greater sensitivity to market prices and volume than our utilities segment, revenues are generally stable and, in many cases, are supported by contracts or customer relationships. The diversification within our transport segment mitigates the impact of fluctuations in demand from any particular sector, commodity or customer. Approximately 85% of our transport segment’s Adjusted EBITDA is supported by contractual or regulated revenues.
Our objectives for our transport segment are to provide safe and reliable service to our customers and to satisfy their growth requirements by increasing the utilization of our assets and expanding our capacity in a capital efficient manner. If we do so, we will be able to charge an appropriate price for our services and earn an attractive return on the capital deployed. Our performance can be measured by our revenue growth and our Adjusted EBITDA margin.
Our transport segment is comprised of the following:
Rail
• | Sole provider of rail network in southern half of Western Australia with approximately 5,500 kilometres of track and operator of approximately 4,800 kilometres of rail in South America |
Toll Roads
• | Approximately 4,000 kilometres of motorways in Brazil, Chile, Peru and India |
Ports
• | 37 terminals in North America, U.K., Australia and across Europe |
36 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Recent Developments
During August 2017, Brookfield Infrastructure, through a Brookfield-sponsored infrastructure fund, agreed to acquire two toll roads in Southern India for approximately $350 million (partnership’s share, approximately $100 million), which, following completion of this transaction, will bring our total road portfolio in the country to over 600 kilometres. Completion of this transaction is expected to occur during 2018, and remains subject to certain closing conditions, completion of the roads’ construction and customary regulatory approvals.
Results of Operations
The following table presents our proportionate share of the key metrics of our transport segment:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Growth capital expenditures | $ | 44 | $ | 87 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1) | 42 | % | 44 | % | ||||
Funds from operations (FFO)(2) | 137 | 123 | ||||||
Maintenance capital expenditures | (36 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO)(2) | $ | 101 | $ | 91 |
1. | Adjusted EBITDA margin is Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues. It is calculated net of construction revenues and costs which are incurred at our Peruvian toll road operation during the construction of our toll roads. Adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to Adjusted EBITDA. |
2. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
The following table presents our transport segment’s proportionate share of financial results:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | $ | 178 | $ | 165 | |||
Funds from operations (FFO)(1) | 137 | 123 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our transport segment generated Adjusted EBITDA and FFO of $178 million and $137 million, respectively, compared to $165 million and $123 million, respectively, for the same period in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO for our transport segment increased compared to the prior period due to higher revenues associated with incremental traffic flows and higher tariffs charged at our South American toll road businesses, and the contribution from the commissioning of an expansion project at one of our Brazilian roads completed in December 2017. FFO also benefited from lower interest expense at our Brazilian operations as CDI has fallen by almost 50% relative to the same period last year.
The following table presents proportionate Adjusted EBITDA and FFO for each business in this operating segment:
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | FFO(1) | ||||||||||||||
For the three-month period ended March 31 | For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||
Rail | $ | 67 | $ | 64 | $ | 51 | $ | 48 | |||||||
Toll Roads | 90 | 79 | 67 | 55 | |||||||||||
Ports | 21 | 22 | 19 | 20 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 178 | $ | 165 | $ | 137 | $ | 123 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 37
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our rail business generated Adjusted EBITDA of $67 million and FFO of $51 million compared to $64 million and $48 million, respectively, in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO benefited from lower tariff relief extended to a large customer at our Australian rail operation and lower borrowing costs at our South American operations due to lower interest rates in Brazil. These increases were partially offset by the impact of lower agricultural volumes in Australia and Brazil associated with weaker harvest conditions.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our toll roads contributed Adjusted EBITDA of $90 million and FFO of $67 million compared to $79 million and $55 million, respectively, in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO for the current period benefited from a 4% increase in South American traffic flows and inflationary tariff increases across our all of our operations. The current period also benefited from incremental contributions from commissioning an expansion project at one of our roads in Brazil in December 2017 and the benefit of lower interest expense in our Brazilian operations from lower interest rates in the country.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our port operations reported Adjusted EBITDA of $21 million and FFO of $19 million compared to $22 million and $20 million, respectively, in 2017. Adjusted EBTIDA and FFO decreased versus the prior year as the benefit of volume growth at our U.K., North American and Australian port operations were more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange.
The following table presents the roll-forward of our proportionate share of capital backlog and capital to be commissioned:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Capital backlog, start of period | $ | 637 | $ | 721 | |||
Additional capital project mandates | 26 | 14 | |||||
Less: capital expenditures | (44 | ) | (87 | ) | |||
Foreign exchange and other | 7 | 8 | |||||
Capital backlog, end of period | 626 | 656 | |||||
Construction work in progress | 152 | 303 | |||||
Total capital to be commissioned | $ | 778 | $ | 959 |
As of March 31, 2018, capital backlog was $626 million compared to $637 million as of December 31, 2017. Capital to be commissioned includes projects such as upgrading and expanding our rail networks, increasing and widening lanes on certain toll road routes and deepening berths and enhancing and modernizing existing infrastructure at our ports. Capital backlog decreased as capital project mandates awarded were more than offset by capital expenditures made during the period and the impact of foreign exchange. Our South American toll road businesses and Brazilian rail operation are the largest contributors at approximately $525 million and $75 million, respectively.
Energy
Our energy segment is comprised of systems that provide transportation, storage and distribution services. Profitability is based on the volume and price achieved for the provision of these services. This operating segment is comprised of businesses that are subject to regulation, such as our natural gas transmission business whose services are subject to price ceilings, and businesses that are essentially unregulated like our district energy business. Energy businesses typically have high barriers to entry as a result of significant fixed costs combined with economies of scale or unique positions in their local markets. Our energy segment is expected to benefit from forecasted increases in demand for energy. Although these businesses have greater sensitivity to market prices and volume than our utilities segment, revenues are typically contracted with varying durations and are relatively stable.
Our objectives for our energy segment are to provide safe and reliable service to our customers and to satisfy their growth requirements by increasing the utilization of our assets and expanding our capacity in a capital efficient manner. If we do so, we will be able to charge an appropriate price for our services and earn an attractive return on the capital deployed. Our performance can be measured by our revenue growth, our Adjusted EBITDA margin and our growth in AFFO.
Our energy segment is comprised of the following:
Transmission and Storage Operations
• | Approximately 15,000 kilometres of natural gas transmission pipelines |
• | Approximately 600 billion cubic feet (“bcf”) of natural gas storage in the U.S. and Canada |
38 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
District Energy Operations
• | Delivers heating and cooling to customers from centralized systems including heating plants capable of delivering 3,185,000 pounds per hour of steam heating capacity, centralized gas distribution and cogeneration for heating, cooling and energy, 315,000 tons of contracted cooling capacity, as well as servicing approximately 20,800 natural gas, water and wastewater connections |
Results of Operations
The following table presents our proportionate share of the key metrics of our energy segment:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Growth capital expenditures | $ | 15 | $ | 22 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1) | 52 | % | 61 | % | ||||
Funds from operations (FFO)(2) | 66 | 62 | ||||||
Maintenance capital expenditures | (5 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO)(2) | $ | 61 | $ | 55 |
1. | Adjusted EBITDA margin is Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues. Adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to Adjusted EBITDA. |
2. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
The following table presents our energy segment’s proportionate share of financial results:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | $ | 79 | $ | 86 | |||
Funds from operations (FFO)(1) | 66 | 62 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our energy segment generated Adjusted EBITDA and FFO of $79 million and $66 million, respectively, compared with $86 million and $62 million, respectively, in the same period in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA benefited from higher revenues associated with an increase in transportation volumes at our North American natural gas transmission operation and the contribution from tuck-in acquisitions completed at our North American district energy businesses. The aforementioned benefits were more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange and a weaker spread environment at our gas storage businesses. FFO compared to the prior year increased as the reduction in Adjusted EBITDA was more than offset by interest savings as a result of deleveraging and refinancing activities completed last year at our North American natural gas transmission business.
The following table presents proportionate Adjusted EBITDA and FFO for each business in this operating segment:
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | FFO(1) | ||||||||||||||
For the three-month period ended March 31 | For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||
Energy Transmission & Storage | $ | 68 | $ | 74 | $ | 56 | $ | 52 | |||||||
District Energy | 11 | 12 | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 79 | $ | 86 | $ | 66 | $ | 62 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 39
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our energy transmission and storage operations generated Adjusted EBITDA of $68 million and FFO of $56 million compared to $74 million and $52 million, respectively, during the same period of 2017. Adjusted EBITDA decreased versus prior year as the benefit from higher transportation volumes and the contribution from newly secured contracts at our North American natural gas transmission operation, were more than offset by the impact of lower spreads at our gas storage businesses. FFO increased versus prior year as the above noted reduction was more than offset by lower interest expense due to deleveraging and refinancing activities completed at our North American natural gas transmission operation.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, our district energy business generated Adjusted EBITDA of $11 million and FFO of $10 million, compared to $12 million and $10 million during the comparative period. Adjusted EBITDA and FFO were relatively consistent with the prior year as the initial contributions from three new customer connections in North America and tuck-in acquisitions completed in the U.S. and Canada were offset by the impact of foreign exchange at our Australian operations.
The following table presents the roll-forward of our proportionate share of capital backlog and capital to be commissioned:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Capital backlog, start of period | $ | 143 | $ | 147 | |||
Additional capital project mandates | 16 | 20 | |||||
Less: capital expenditures | (15 | ) | (22 | ) | |||
Foreign exchange and other | (10 | ) | — | ||||
Capital backlog, end of period | 134 | 145 | |||||
Construction work in progress | 86 | 55 | |||||
Total capital to be commissioned | $ | 220 | $ | 200 |
As of March 31, 2018, capital backlog was $134 million compared to $143 million as of December 31, 2017. Capital backlog decreased as capital project mandates awarded were offset by capital expenditures made during the period and the impact of foreign exchange. Capital commissioned during the past year includes approximately $135 million within our energy transmission and storage operations, primarily relating to the first phase of the Gulf Coast Reversal project. The first phase of this expansion project is anchored by a 20-year, 385,000 dekatherms per day contract with a large LNG operator. Our district energy backlog includes approximately $20 million of energy network and district water expansions in Australia and approximately $20 million of expansionary projects at our North American systems.
Communications Infrastructure
Our communications infrastructure segment provides essential services and critical infrastructure to the media broadcasting and telecom sectors. These services and access to infrastructure are contracted on a long-term basis with tariff escalation mechanisms. Our telecommunications business can be divided into two segments: (i) telecom site hosting and (ii) wholesale fibre-to-the-home (“FTTH”) networks. In both segments, our customers pay upfront and/or recurring fees to lease space on our towers to host their equipment or lease capacity on our fibre network to deliver ultra-fast broadband solutions to customers. Our broadcasting customers pay us fees for transmitting television and radio content to end users.
The key objective for this segment is to capture the benefit associated with increased demand for densification from mobile network operators and to acquire towers and other infrastructure that are non-core to such operators. Our performance can be measured by the growth in our Adjusted EBITDA.
The segment is comprised of approximately 7,000 multi-purpose towers and active rooftop sites and 5,000 kilometres of fibre backbone located in France.
These operations generate stable, inflation-linked cash flows supported by long-term contracts (typically 10 years in telecommunications and five years in broadcasting) with large, prominent customers in France.
40 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Results of Operations
The following table presents our proportionate share of the key metrics of our communications infrastructure segment:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Growth capital expenditures | $ | 12 | $ | 9 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1) | 53 | % | 56 | % | ||||
Funds from operations (FFO)(2) | 19 | 19 | ||||||
Maintenance capital expenditures | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO)(2) | $ | 16 | $ | 16 |
1. | Adjusted EBITDA margin is Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues. Adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to Adjusted EBITDA. |
2. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
The following table presents our communications infrastructure segment’s proportionate share of financial results:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | $ | 23 | $ | 22 | |||
Funds from operations (FFO)(1) | 19 | 19 |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
Adjusted EBITDA and FFO from the communications infrastructure remained consistent with the comparative period as the benefits of inflation-indexation and new points-of-presence added to our existing tower infrastructure were offset by the impact of foreign exchange.
As of March 31, 2018, capital backlog was approximately $240 million compared to approximately $200 million as of December 31, 2017. Capital backlog increased primarily due to contracts secured for the deployment of fibre-to-the-home across north-east France.
Corporate
The following table presents the components of the Corporate segment on a proportionate basis:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | $ | (58 | ) | $ | (51 | ) | |
Funds from operations (FFO)(1) | (58 | ) | (43 | ) |
1. | Non-IFRS measure. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of Operating Segment Measures” sections of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income. |
For the year ended March 31, 2018, Adjusted EBITDA and FFO for our Corporate segment were both losses of $58 million, compared to losses of $51 million and $43 million, respectively, in the prior year. A higher base management fee, lower income from our financial asset portfolio and higher financing costs due to increased borrowings used to fund organic growth initiatives resulted in a reduction in Adjusted EBITDA and FFO compared to the prior year.
Pursuant to our Master Services Agreement, we pay Brookfield an annual base management fee equal to 1.25% of our partnership’s market value plus our preferred units and net recourse debt. The base management fee of $56 million has increased from the year prior due to a higher trading price of our Partnership’s units and the impact of additional capital raised in the last 12 months to finance growth initiatives.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 41
SELECTED STATEMENTS OF OPERATING RESULTS AND FINANCIAL POSITION INFORMATION
To measure performance, we focus on net income, an IFRS measure, as well as certain non-IFRS measures, including but not limited to FFO, AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Earnings and Invested Capital. We define FFO as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses. We define AFFO as FFO less capital expenditures required to maintain the current performance of our operations (maintenance capital expenditures). We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, interest expense, current and deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses. We define Adjusted Earnings as net income attributable to our partnership, excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization expense from revaluing property, plant and equipment and the effects of purchase price accounting, mark-to-market on hedging items and disposition gains or losses. We define Invested Capital as partnership capital removing the following items: non-controlling interest - in operating subsidiaries, retained earnings or deficit, accumulated other comprehensive income and ownership changes.
Along with net income and other IFRS measures, FFO, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Earnings and Invested Capital are key measures of our financial performance that we use to assess the results and performance of our operations on a segmented basis. AFFO is also a measure of operating performance, and represents the ability of our businesses to generate sustainable earnings. Adjusted Earnings is a measure of operating performance used to assess the ability of our businesses to generate recurring earnings which allows users to better understand and evaluate the underlying financial performance of our partnership. Invested Capital, which tracks the amount of capital that has been contributed to our partnership, is a measure we utilize to assess returns on capital deployed, relative to targeted returns.
Since they are not calculated in accordance with, and do not have any standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS, FFO, AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Earnings and Invested Capital are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers and have limitations as analytical tools. Specifically, our definition of FFO may differ from the definition used by other organizations, as well as the definition of funds from operations used by the Real Property Association of Canada (“REALPAC”) and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. (“NAREIT”), in part because the NAREIT definition is based on U.S. GAAP, as opposed to IFRS.
For further details regarding our use of FFO, AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Earnings and Invested Capital, as well as a reconciliation of the most directly comparable IFRS measures to these measures, see the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section of this MD&A.
42 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
US$ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER UNIT INFORMATION | For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
Key Metrics | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Net income(1) | $ | 209 | $ | 22 | ||||
Net (loss) income per limited partnership unit(2) | 0.42 | (0.03 | ) | |||||
Funds from operations (FFO)(3) | 333 | 261 | ||||||
Per unit FFO(4) | 0.85 | 0.71 | ||||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO)(5) | 284 | 216 | ||||||
Return on invested capital(6) | 13 | % | 12 | % | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA(7) | 425 | 350 | ||||||
Adjusted earnings(8) | 154 | 146 | ||||||
Adjusted earnings per unit(4) | 0.39 | 0.30 | ||||||
Distributions per unit | 0.470 | 0.435 | ||||||
Payout ratio(9) | 68 | % | 74 | % |
1. | Net income attributable to limited partners, non-controlling interest attributable to redeemable partnership units and the general partner. |
2. | Average number of limited partnership units outstanding on a time weighted average basis for the three-month period was 276.6 million (2017: 259.5 million for the three-month period). |
3. | FFO is defined as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to FFO. |
4. | Average units outstanding during the three-month period of 394.0 million (2017: 369.5 million for the three-month period). |
5. | AFFO is defined as FFO less maintenance capital expenditures. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to AFFO. |
6. | Return on invested capital is calculated as AFFO adjusted for an estimate of the portion of earnings that represent a return of capital on concession-based businesses, divided by Invested Capital. The return of capital estimate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was $25 million (2017: $12 million). Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for reconciliation from partnership capital to Invested Capital. |
7. | Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, interest expense, current and deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to Adjusted EBITDA. |
8. | Adjusted Earnings is defined as net income attributable to our partnership, excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization expense from revaluing property, plant and equipment and the effects of purchase price accounting, mark-to-market on hedging items and disposition gains or losses. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section of this MD&A for reconciliation from net income to Adjusted Earnings. |
9. | Payout ratio is defined as distributions paid per unit (inclusive of GP incentive and preferred unit distributions) divided by FFO. |
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, our FFO totaled $333 million ($0.85 per unit) compared to FFO of $261 million ($0.71 per unit) for the same quarter in 2017. FFO increased by 20% on a per unit basis compared to 2017, as a result of 9% organic growth and incremental earnings on capital deployed over the past 12 months, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange. The Partnership paid distributions of $0.47 per unit, an increase of 8% compared to the prior year and represents a payout ratio of 68%.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 43
The following tables present selected statement of operating results and financial position information by operating segment on a proportionate basis:
US$ MILLIONS | For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||
Statements of Operating Results | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Net income (loss) by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 49 | $ | 46 | |||
Transport | 12 | 31 | |||||
Energy | 13 | 17 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 1 | 3 | |||||
Corporate | 134 | (75 | ) | ||||
Net income | $ | 209 | $ | 22 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 203 | $ | 128 | |||
Transport | 178 | 165 | |||||
Energy | 79 | 86 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 23 | 22 | |||||
Corporate | (58 | ) | (51 | ) | |||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 425 | $ | 350 | |||
FFO by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 169 | $ | 100 | |||
Transport | 137 | 123 | |||||
Energy | 66 | 62 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 19 | 19 | |||||
Corporate | (58 | ) | (43 | ) | |||
FFO | $ | 333 | $ | 261 |
US$ MILLIONS | As of | ||||||
Statements of Financial Position | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Total assets by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 5,034 | $ | 6,542 | |||
Transport | 7,008 | 6,990 | |||||
Energy | 3,122 | 3,134 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 1,098 | 1,049 | |||||
Corporate | (1,165 | ) | (1,083 | ) | |||
Total assets | $ | 15,097 | $ | 16,632 | |||
Net debt by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 2,668 | $ | 3,252 | |||
Transport | 2,941 | 2,874 | |||||
Energy | 1,302 | 1,328 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 448 | 435 | |||||
Corporate | 722 | 1,739 | |||||
Net debt | $ | 8,081 | $ | 9,628 | |||
Partnership capital by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 2,366 | $ | 3,290 | |||
Transport | 4,067 | 4,116 | |||||
Energy | 1,820 | 1,806 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 650 | 614 | |||||
Corporate | (1,887 | ) | (2,822 | ) | |||
Partnership capital | $ | 7,016 | $ | 7,004 |
44 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
The nature of our asset base and the quality of our associated cash flows enable us to maintain a stable and low cost capital structure. We attempt to maintain sufficient financial liquidity at all times so that we are able to participate in attractive opportunities as they arise, better withstand sudden adverse changes in economic circumstances and maintain a relatively our distribution to unitholders. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows from our operations, undrawn credit facilities and access to public and private capital markets. We also structure the ownership of our assets to enhance our ability to monetize them to provide additional liquidity, if necessary. In certain instances, subsidiaries may be subject to limitations on their ability to declare and pay dividends to our partnership. However, no significant limits existed at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Our group-wide liquidity at March 31, 2018 consisted of the following:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Corporate cash and cash equivalents | $ | 557 | $ | 205 | |||
Committed corporate credit facility | 1,975 | 1,975 | |||||
Subordinate corporate credit facility | 500 | 500 | |||||
Draws under corporate credit facility | — | (789 | ) | ||||
Commitments under corporate credit facility | (63 | ) | (47 | ) | |||
Proportionate cash retained in businesses | 476 | 392 | |||||
Proportionate availability under subsidiary credit facilities | 795 | 629 | |||||
Group-wide liquidity | $ | 4,240 | $ | 2,865 |
At March 31, 2018, we believe that group-wide liquidity is sufficient to meet Brookfield Infrastructure’s present requirements. We finished the quarter with group-wide liquidity of $4.2 billion, up from $2.9 billion at December 31, 2017 primarily as a result of proceeds received from the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission business, which were primarily used to repay draws on the corporate credit facility.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 45
We finance our assets principally at the operating company level with debt that generally has long-term maturities, few restrictive covenants and no recourse to either Brookfield Infrastructure or our other operations. On a proportionate basis as of March 31, 2018, scheduled principal repayments over the next five years are as follows:
US$ MILLIONS | Average Term (years) | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Beyond | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Recourse borrowings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate borrowings | 4 | $ | 97 | $ | — | $ | 291 | $ | — | $ | 349 | $ | 542 | $ | 1,279 | |||||||||||||||
Total recourse borrowings | 4 | 97 | — | 291 | — | 349 | 542 | 1,279 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-recourse borrowings(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regulated Transmission | 9 | 58 | 5 | 19 | 4 | 4 | 89 | 179 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Regulated Distribution | 13 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1,586 | 1,589 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Regulated Terminal | 4 | — | 65 | 163 | 315 | 109 | 401 | 1,053 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 58 | 70 | 183 | 320 | 114 | 2,076 | 2,821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rail | 6 | 15 | 43 | 114 | 125 | 179 | 663 | 1,139 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Toll Roads | 9 | 154 | 159 | 89 | 199 | 233 | 664 | 1,498 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ports | 3 | 49 | 116 | 241 | 63 | 12 | 62 | 543 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 218 | 318 | 444 | 387 | 424 | 1,389 | 3,180 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy Transmission & Storage | 9 | — | — | 7 | — | 350 | 737 | 1,094 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
District Energy | 12 | 2 | 2 | 38 | 3 | 3 | 213 | 261 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 2 | 2 | 45 | 3 | 353 | 950 | 1,355 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Communications Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications Infrastructure | 5 | — | — | 115 | — | 156 | 208 | 479 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | — | — | 115 | — | 156 | 208 | 479 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total non-recourse borrowings(1) | 8 | 278 | 390 | 787 | 710 | 1,047 | 4,623 | 7,835 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total borrowings(2) | 8 | $ | 375 | $ | 390 | $ | 1,078 | $ | 710 | $ | 1,396 | $ | 5,165 | $ | 9,114 | |||||||||||||||
Cash retained in businesses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities | $ | 153 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport | 239 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Communications Infrastructure | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate | 557 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total cash retained | $ | 1,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utilities | $ | 2,668 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport | 2,941 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy | 1,302 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Communications Infrastructure | 448 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate | 722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 8,081 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net debt | 4 | % | 4 | % | 12 | % | 8 | % | 15 | % | 57 | % | 100 | % |
1. | Represents non-recourse debt to Brookfield Infrastructure as the holders have recourse only to the underlying operations. |
2. | As of March 31, 2018, approximately 24% has been issued as floating rate debt. Brookfield Infrastructure and its subsidiaries have entered into interest rate swaps whereby the floating rate debt has been converted to fixed rate debt, effectively reducing floating rate debt maturities to approximately 23% of our total borrowings. Excluding working capital and capital expenditure facilities, floating rate debt maturities approximate 22% of our total borrowings, inclusive of the impact of interest rate swaps. |
Our debt has an average term of eight years. On a proportionate basis, our net debt-to-capitalization ratio as of March 31, 2018 was 51%. The weighted average cash interest rate is 4.8% for the overall business (March 31, 2017: 5.0%), in which our utilities, transport, energy, communications infrastructure and corporate segments were 3.9%, 6.6%, 5.4%, 2.6%, and 3.9%, respectively (March 31, 2017: 4.0%, 7.1%, 7.1%, 2.6% and 3.2%, respectively).
46 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Proportionate debt, a non-IFRS measure to assess liquidity, can be reconciled to consolidated debt as follows:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Consolidated debt | $ | 9,458 | $ | 10,164 | |||
Add: proportionate share of debt of investments in associates: | |||||||
Utilities | 179 | 837 | |||||
Transport | 1,366 | 1,291 | |||||
Energy | 929 | 929 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 479 | 467 | |||||
Less: borrowings attributable to non-controlling interest | (2,944 | ) | (3,028 | ) | |||
Premium on debt and cross currency swaps | (353 | ) | (435 | ) | |||
Proportionate debt | $ | 9,114 | $ | 10,225 |
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The table below outlines Brookfield Infrastructure’s contractual obligations as at March 31, 2018:
Payments due by period | |||||||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | Less than 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-5 years | 5+ years | Total contractual cash flows | ||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | $ | 1,059 | $ | 32 | $ | 15 | $ | 195 | $ | 1,301 | |||||||||
Corporate borrowing | 97 | — | 640 | 542 | 1,279 | ||||||||||||||
Non-recourse borrowing | 176 | 475 | 2,506 | 5,085 | 8,242 | ||||||||||||||
Financial liabilities | 242 | 64 | 62 | 992 | 1,360 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense: | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate borrowing | 40 | 47 | 106 | 25 | 218 | ||||||||||||||
Non-recourse borrowing | 399 | 387 | 996 | 1,545 | 3,327 |
In addition, pursuant to the Master Services Agreement, on a quarterly basis we pay a base management fee to Brookfield equal to 0.3125% (1.25% annually) of the market value of our partnership plus net recourse debt. This fee is estimated to be approximately $224 million per year based on the March 31, 2018 market capitalization of our partnership plus preferred units and recourse corporate net debt.
An integral part of our partnership’s strategy is to participate with institutional investors in Brookfield-sponsored private infrastructure funds that target acquisitions that suit Brookfield Infrastructure’s profile. In the normal course of business, our partnership has made commitments to Brookfield-sponsored private infrastructure funds to participate in these target acquisitions in the future, if and when identified.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Foreign Currency Hedging Strategy
To the extent that we believe it is economic to do so, our strategy is to hedge a portion of our equity investments and/or cash flows exposed to foreign currencies. The following key principles form the basis of our foreign currency hedging strategy:
• | We leverage any natural hedges that may exist within our operations |
• | We utilize local currency debt financing to the extent possible |
• | We may utilize derivative contracts to the extent that natural hedges are insufficient |
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 47
The following table presents our hedged position in foreign currencies as of March 31, 2018:
Net Investment Hedges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | USD | AUD | GBP | BRL | CLP | CAD | EUR | COP | PEN | INR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Investment – US$ | $ | 464 | $ | 1,476 | $ | 1,227 | $ | 3,302 | $ | 78 | $ | (658 | ) | $ | 905 | $ | 63 | $ | 122 | $ | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||
FX contracts – US$ | 3,759 | (1,476 | ) | (1,227 | ) | — | — | (151 | ) | (905 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unhedged – US$ | $ | 4,223 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,302 | $ | 78 | $ | (809 | ) | $ | — | $ | 63 | $ | 122 | $ | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||
% of equity investment hedged | N/A | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | — | % | — | % | N/A | % | 100 | % | — | % | — | % | — | % |
At March 31, 2018, we had hedges in place to convert a total of 60% of our net equity investment to U.S. dollars. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we recorded losses in comprehensive income of $52 million (March 31, 2017: losses of $121 million) related to these contracts.
CAPITAL REINVESTMENT
We fund growth capital expenditures with cash flow generated from operations, supplemented by non-recourse debt sized to investment grade coverage and covenant thresholds. This is designed to ensure that our investments have stable capital structures supported by a substantial level of equity and that cash flows at the asset level can be remitted freely to the Partnership. This strategy also underpins our investment grade profile.
To fund large scale development projects and acquisitions, we will evaluate a variety of capital sources including proceeds from selling mature businesses, in addition to raising money in the capital markets through equity, debt and preferred share issuances. Furthermore, the Partnership has a $1.975 billion committed revolving credit facility available for investments and acquisitions, as well as funding the equity component of organic growth initiatives. The facility is intended, and has historically been used, as a bridge to a long-term financing strategy rather than a permanent source of capital.
The following table reconciles changes in our proportionate cash for the year:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Funds from operations (FFO) | $ | 333 | $ | 261 | |||
Maintenance capital | (49 | ) | (45 | ) | |||
Funds available for distribution (AFFO) | 284 | 216 | |||||
Distributions paid | (228 | ) | (194 | ) | |||
Funds available for reinvestment | 56 | 22 | |||||
Growth capital expenditures | (174 | ) | (201 | ) | |||
Debt funding of growth capex | 113 | 85 | |||||
Non-recourse debt repayments | (37 | ) | (51 | ) | |||
New investments, net of disposals | 982 | (78 | ) | ||||
(Repayments) draws on corporate credit facility | (789 | ) | 455 | ||||
Partnership unit issuances | 4 | 6 | |||||
Proceeds from debt issuance | — | 228 | |||||
Proceeds from preferred units issuance | 157 | 220 | |||||
Changes in working capital and other | 124 | (26 | ) | ||||
Change in proportionate cash | 436 | 660 | |||||
Opening, proportionate cash | 597 | 832 | |||||
Closing, proportionate cash | $ | 1,033 | $ | 1,492 |
48 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
We present cash flows generated by our businesses on a proportionate basis as over 40% of our FFO is generated by investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements. The Partnership participates in arrangements such as joint ventures or consortiums which provide it with access to partners with local strategic expertise and substantial amounts of capital. When investing in such arrangements, which are not consolidated for financial statement purposes, the Partnership nevertheless maintains joint control or significant influence over the business, and is therefore, not a passive investor. We structure governance arrangements to require each of our businesses to distribute all available cash (which is generally defined as cash on hand less any amounts reserved for committed growth projects as approved by the investment’s Board of Directors), ensuring that any decision to not distribute all available cash flow requires our express consent. Consequently, the Partnership has access to operating cash flows generated by all of our businesses, including joint ventures and any non-consolidated investments.
The following table highlights the significance of operating cash flow generated from investments which are not consolidated in our financial statements and reconciles consolidated cash flow from operations to AFFO.
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Cash from operating activities | $ | 466 | $ | 178 | |||
Add: FFO from associates and joint ventures | 161 | 134 | |||||
Remove: | |||||||
Distributions received from associates and joint ventures | (4 | ) | (18 | ) | |||
Cash from operating activities attributable to non-controlling interests(1) | (329 | ) | (85 | ) | |||
294 | 209 | ||||||
Less: Maintenance capital expenditures | (49 | ) | (45 | ) | |||
Change in working capital and other items | 39 | 52 | |||||
AFFO(2) | $ | 284 | $ | 216 |
1. | By removing cash from operating activities attributable to non-controlling interests, the partnership is able to present AFFO attributable to the partnership. We believe our proportionate financial information, when read in conjunction with the partnership’s reported results under IFRS, provides the most meaningful assessment of how our operations are performing. Please refer to the discussion of the limitations of proportional results as an analytical tool within the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section on page 54. |
2. | The most closely related IFRS measure to AFFO is net income. However, occasionally we believe the alternative reconciliation can be useful and have therefore provided this reconciliation of consolidate cash flow from operations to AFFO. Please see the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” section on page 54 for a reconciliation of AFFO to net income. |
From a treasury management perspective, the Partnership manages its cash reserves with a view to minimizing foreign exchange and administrative costs, as well as enhancing our ability to secure asset level debt financing. While capital is primarily raised at the corporate level to fund the equity component of organic growth capital expenditures, actual funding of projects may be executed by injecting cash into subsidiaries or utilizing operating cash flow generated and retained by the business. Importantly, the physical movement of cash has no relevance on Brookfield Infrastructure’s ability to fund capital expenditures or make distributions.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 49
DISTRIBUTION POLICY
Our distributions are underpinned by stable, highly regulated and contracted cash flows generated from operations. The Partnership’s objective is to pay a distribution that is sustainable on a long-term basis. The Partnership has set its target payout ratio at 60-70% of funds from operations. In sizing what we believe to be a conservative payout ratio, we typically retain approximately 15-20% of AFFO that we utilize to fund some or all of our internally funded growth capital expenditures.
The following table presents the Partnership’s payout ratios:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Funds from operations (FFO) | $ | 333 | $ | 261 | |||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) | 284 | 216 | |||||
Distributions (Limited partner, preferred and incentive distributions) | 228 | 194 | |||||
FFO payout ratio | 68 | % | 74 | % | |||
AFFO payout ratio | 80 | % | 90 | % |
The Partnership’s annual distribution is reviewed with the Board of Directors in the first quarter of each year giving consideration to the following:
• | The results from the prior year as well as the budget for the upcoming year and the five-year business plan based on the Partnership’s share of funds from operations generated by our assets |
• | The Partnership’s group-wide liquidity and its ability to fund committed capital investments |
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
Due to the capital-intensive nature of our Partnership’s asset base, ongoing capital investment is required for additions and enhancements, life-cycle maintenance and repair of plant and equipment related to our operations. Our Partnership reviews all capital expenditures and classifies them in one of the two following categories:
i) | Growth capital expenditures: capital outlays underpinned by incremental revenues that will enhance our Partnerships’ returns. These projects are eligible for inclusion in the rate base of our utilities segment, or they are meant to add capacity to further expand our existing infrastructure networks in our transport, energy and communication infrastructure operations; |
ii) | Maintenance capital expenditures: required capital outlays to maintain the current operating state and reliability of the system while ensuring regulatory and safety requirements are upheld |
We manage separate review and approval processes for each of the two categories of capital expenditures. Growth capital expenditures are underwritten in isolation and must meet our Partnership’s target after-tax equity return threshold of 12-15%. Projects that meet these return targets are presented to the Capital Expenditure Committee which comprises senior personnel of the General Partner of our Partnership. The committee reviews proposed project plans considering the target returns and funding plans, in addition to analyzing the various execution risks associated with these projects. Once a project receives approval from the Capital Expenditure Committee, it is generally added to the backlog.
Maintenance capital expenditures follow a different, though equally robust process, as failure to make necessary investment to maintain our operations could impair the ability of our businesses to serve our customer base or continue existing operations. Firstly, the operations teams involved with a particular business performs a detailed review of all planned and proposed maintenance capital expenditures during the annual budgeting process. These plans are reviewed in the context of the business’s maintenance capital approach that is agreed upon with the Partnership at the time of acquisition and take into account drivers of performance that include public and worker health and safety, environmental and regulatory compliance, system reliability and integrity. Maintenance capital projects that receive approval at the asset level are then presented to the Partnership’s corporate asset management teams that are responsible for overseeing the Partnership’s operations, and have ample experience in managing utility, transport, energy and communications infrastructure assets. Through an iterative process with the companies’ senior operating executives, the plan is refined through a comprehensive review including prioritization of non-discretionary projects and comparisons to industry benchmarks. Once agreed, maintenance capital expenditure plans are approved and form part of the annual and five-year business plans that are presented to the Partnership’s senior executive team. Once approved, these maintenance plans are executed on in the following year and performance relative to these plans is closely monitored by both the operations and asset management teams.
50 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
In addition to the various levels of internal reviews, our Partnership engages a reputable, globally recognized engineering services firm annually to perform an independent review of its overall approach to maintenance capital expenditures and detailed capital program. Each year the engineering services firm will review a portion of the portfolio, covering all assets on a three-year rotating basis. For each asset under review in a given year, the engineering services firm will review the historical and forecasted spend against industry standards, regulatory requirements or other benchmarking data, and determine the reasonableness of the maintenance capex program based on the nature of the business and the age and condition of the assets. We have also engaged a Big 4 accounting firm to review the findings of the report provided by the engineering services firm and to assess the control activities around our process for compiling the annual sustaining maintenance capital expenditure ranges by segment.
In 2017, reviews were completed at a number of operations that together make up approximately 60% of our Partnership’s FFO. The results from both engagements conducted by the firms confirm that our stated ranges of annual sustaining maintenance capital expenditures are reasonable and in-line with industry standard for assets of a similar nature. In 2018, the Partnership intends to complete reviews at the remainder of its existing operations, and for newly acquired businesses it will endeavor to have reviews conducted within 2-3 years of acquisition.
The following table presents the components of growth capital expenditures by operating segment:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Growth capital expenditures by segment | |||||||
Utilities | $ | 103 | $ | 83 | |||
Transport | 44 | 87 | |||||
Energy | 15 | 22 | |||||
Communications Infrastructure | 12 | 9 | |||||
$ | 174 | $ | 201 |
Growth capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were $174 million, a decrease from $201 million in the same period in 2017. The decrease in growth capital expenditures is a result of the completion of major projects at our South American rail and toll road businesses in the latter part of 2017.
The following table presents the components of maintenance capital expenditures by operating segment:
Actual Capex | |||||||||||||||
Annual Ongoing Estimated Maintenance Capex | For the three-month period ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
US$ MILLIONS | Low | High | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||
Maintenance capital expenditures by segment | |||||||||||||||
Utilities | $ | 15 | $ | 20 | $ | 5 | $ | 3 | |||||||
Transport | 125 | 135 | 36 | 32 | |||||||||||
Energy | 60 | 70 | 5 | 7 | |||||||||||
Communications Infrastructure | 10 | 15 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||
$ | 210 | $ | 240 | $ | 49 | $ | 45 |
Maintenance capital expenditures for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 were $49 million, an increase of $4 million relative to the prior three-month period. The increase in maintenance capital expenditures is associated with the appreciation of most currencies we operate in relative to the U.S. dollar in the last year. We estimate annual maintenance capital expenditures to be $15-20 million, $125-135 million, $60-70 million, and $10-15 million for our utilities, transport, energy, and communication infrastructure segments, respectively, for a total range between $210-240 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, our maintenance capital expenditures were slightly below our quarterly estimated range, primarily due to timing of expenditures in our energy segment which predominately occurs in the second and third quarters of the year. Our Partnership leverages industry data and benchmarks provided by a global engineering services firm to determine the appropriate maintenance capital ranges as disclosed above.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 51
REVIEW OF CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The following table summarizes the consolidated statements of cash flows:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Cash from operating activities | $ | 466 | $ | 178 | |||
Cash from (used by) investing activities | 1,020 | (309 | ) | ||||
Cash (used by) from financing activities | (971 | ) | 660 |
This statement reflects activities within our consolidated operations and therefore excludes activities within non-consolidated entities.
Cash from operating activities
Cash from operating activities totaled $0.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018, an increase of $0.3 billion from 2017. The increase is primarily due to acquisitions completed over the past 12 months, which contributed $0.2 billion of additional operating cash flows, and organic growth from our existing operations which provided a further $0.1 billion.
Cash used by investing activities
Cash from investing activities increased by $1.3 billion to $1.0 billion in 2018 primarily due to the disposition of our investment in a Chilean electricity transmission operation for gross cash proceeds of $1.3 billion.
Cash used by financing activities
Cash used by financing activities was $1.0 billion during 2018, as compared to cash generated from financing activities of $0.7 billion in 2017. The change was primarily due to repayments of the corporate credit facility of $0.8 billion in 2018 compared to draws of $0.5 billion in 2017, and increased subsidiary distributions to non-controlling interest of $0.2 billion. Additionally, the prior year included medium-term note issuance proceeds of $0.2 billion.
PARTNERSHIP CAPITAL
The total number of partnership units in the Holding LP outstanding is comprised of the following:
As of | |||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||
Redeemable Partnership Units, held by Brookfield | 115,824,992 | 115,824,992 | |||
Special General Partner Units | 1,600,410 | 1,600,410 | |||
Managing General Partner Units | 276,675,871 | 276,572,900 | |||
Total | 394,101,273 | 393,998,302 |
An affiliate of Brookfield in its capacity as the special general partner of the Holding LP is entitled to incentive distributions which are based on the amount by which quarterly distributions on the limited partnership units exceed specified target levels. To the extent distributions on limited partnership units exceed $0.203 per quarter, the incentive distribution rights entitle the special general partner to 15% of incremental distributions above this threshold to $0.22 per unit.
To the extent that distributions on limited partnership units exceed $0.22 per unit, the incentive distribution rights entitled the special general partner to 25% of incremental distributions above this threshold. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, an incentive distribution of $34 million was paid to the special general partner (2017: $28 million).
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Our partnership’s approach to capital management is focused on maximizing returns to unitholders and ensuring capital is deployed in a manner consistent with achieving our investment return objectives.
Invested Capital, which tracks the amount of capital that has been contributed to our partnership, is a measure we utilize to assess returns on capital deployed, relative to targeted returns. Investment decisions are based on, amongst other measures and factors, targeted returns on Invested Capital of 12% to 15% annually over the long-term. We measure return on Invested Capital as adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”), less estimated returns of capital on operations that are not perpetual in life, divided by the weighted average Invested Capital for the period.
52 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
We define Invested Capital as partnership capital removing the impact of the following items: non-controlling interest in operating subsidiaries, retained earnings or deficit, accumulated other comprehensive income and ownership changes.
Weighted average Invested Capital for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was $7,716 million. See “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” on page 54 for more details.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the normal course of operations, Brookfield Infrastructure entered into the transactions below with related parties. The immediate parent of Brookfield Infrastructure is our partnership. The ultimate parent of Brookfield Infrastructure is Brookfield. Other related parties of Brookfield Infrastructure represent its subsidiary and operating entities.
a) Transactions with the immediate parent
Throughout the year, the General Partner, in its capacity as our partnership’s general partner, incurs director fees, a portion of which are charged at cost to our partnership in accordance with the limited partnership agreement. Less than $1 million in director fees were incurred during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: less than $1 million for the three-month period).
b) Transactions with other related parties
Since inception, Brookfield Infrastructure has had a management agreement (the “Master Services Agreement”) with certain service providers (the “Service Provider”), which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield.
Pursuant to the Master Services Agreement, on a quarterly basis, Brookfield Infrastructure pays a base management fee, referred to as the Base Management Fee, to the Service Provider equal to 0.3125% per quarter (1.25% annually) of the market value of our partnership. The Base Management Fee was $56 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: $48 million). As of March 31, 2018, $56 million was outstanding as payable to the Service Provider (December 31, 2017: $64 million).
For purposes of calculating the Base Management Fee, the market value of our partnership is equal to the aggregate value of all the outstanding units of our partnership (assuming full conversion of Brookfield’s Redeemable Partnership Units in the Holdings LP into units of our partnership), preferred units and securities of the other Service Recipients (as defined in Brookfield Infrastructure’s Master Services Agreement) that are not held by Brookfield Infrastructure, plus all outstanding third party debt with recourse to a Service Recipient, less all cash held by such entities.
During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, less than $1 million was reimbursed at cost to the Service Provider (2017: $nil). These amounts represent third party costs that were paid for by Brookfield on behalf of Brookfield Infrastructure relating to general and administrative expenses, and acquisition related expenses of Brookfield Infrastructure. These expenses were charged to Brookfield Infrastructure at cost.
As of March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure had a receivable balance of $20 million from subsidiaries of Brookfield (December 31, 2017: $20 million) and loans payable of $73 million to subsidiaries of Brookfield (December 31, 2017: $75 million). The loans are payable in full between 2018 and 2026 with interest rates ranging from 3.8% to 8.5% per annum.
Brookfield Infrastructure, from time to time, will place funds on deposit with Brookfield. As of March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure’s deposit balance with Brookfield was less than $1 million (December 31, 2017: less than $1 million) and earned interest of less than $1 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: $2 million).
Brookfield Infrastructure has entered into a $500 million revolving credit facility with Brookfield to provide additional liquidity for general corporate purposes and capital expenditures, if required. As of March 31, 2018, there were $nil (2017: $nil) borrowings outstanding. On March 15, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure repaid $400 million placed on deposit from Brookfield.
Brookfield Infrastructure’s North American district energy operation provides heating and cooling services and leases office space on market terms with subsidiaries of Brookfield Office Properties Inc. The North American district energy operation also utilizes consulting and engineering services provided by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield on market terms. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, revenues of $2 million were generated (2017: $2 million) and expenses of less than $1 million were incurred (2017: less than $1 million).
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 53
Brookfield Infrastructure utilizes a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield to negotiate and purchase insurance and assess the adequacy of insurance on behalf of our partnership and certain subsidiaries. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, Brookfield Infrastructure paid less than $1 million for these services (2017: less than $1 million).
Brookfield Infrastructure’s U.K. port operation provides port marine services on market terms to a subsidiary acquired by Brookfield Business Partners LP. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, $1 million of revenues were generated (2017: $nil).
Brookfield Infrastructure’s Colombian regulated distribution business purchases electricity from, and distributes electricity on behalf of, a subsidiary of Brookfield Renewable Partners L.P. in the normal course of its operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, expenses of $3 million were incurred (2017: $nil).
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
We, on behalf of our subsidiaries, provide letters of credit, which include, but are not limited to, guarantees for debt service reserves, capital reserves, construction completion and performance. As at March 31, 2018, letters of credit issued by our subsidiaries amounted to $63 million (December 31, 2017: $106 million).
In the normal course of operations, we execute agreements that provide for indemnification and guarantees to third parties in transactions such as business dispositions and acquisitions, construction projects, capital projects, and sales and purchases of assets and services. We have also agreed to indemnify our directors and certain of our officers and employees. The nature of substantially all of the indemnification undertakings prevents us from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount that we could be required to pay third parties, as many of the agreements do not specify a maximum amount and the amounts are dependent upon the outcome of future contingent events, the nature and likelihood of which cannot be determined at this time. Historically, we have made no significant payments under such indemnification agreements.
RECONCILIATION OF NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES
We focus on FFO to measure operating performance, along with IFRS measures such as net income. In addition, we also assess AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Earnings and Invested Capital.
Adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO, Adjusted Earnings and Invested Capital are presented based on our proportionate share of results in operations accounted for using the consolidation and the equity method whereby we either control or exercise significant influence or joint control over the investment, respectively. Proportionate financial information is not, and is not intended to be, presented in accordance with IFRS. Under IFRS, we are not considered to control those entities that have not been consolidated and as such, have been presented as investments in associates or joint ventures in Note 9 of the partnership’s financial statements. The presentation of the assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses do not represent our legal claim to such items, and the removal of financial statement amounts that are attributable to non-controlling interests does not extinguish the partnership’s legal claims or exposures to such items.
As a result, segment revenues, costs attributable to revenues, general and administrative costs, interest expense, other income, depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses are reconciling items that will differ from results presented in accordance with IFRS as these reconciling items include our proportionate share of earnings from investments in associates attributable to each of the above-noted items, and exclude the proportionate share of earnings (loss) of consolidated investments not held by the partnership apportioned to each of the above-noted items.
54 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
We provide proportionate financial results because we believe it assists investors and analysts in estimating our overall performance and understanding the partnership’s share of results from its underlying investments which have varying economic ownership interests and financial statement presentations when determined in accordance with IFRS. We believe our proportionate financial information, when read in conjunction with the partnership’s reported results under IFRS, provides the most meaningful assessment of how our operations are performing and capital is being managed. The presentation of proportionate results has limitations as an analytical tool, including the following:
• | The amounts shown on the individual line items were derived by applying our overall economic ownership interest percentage determined when applying the equity method of accounting and do not necessarily represent our legal claim to the assets and liabilities, or the revenues and expenses; |
• | Other companies may calculate proportionate results differently than we do. |
Because of these limitations, our proportionate financial information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our financial statements as reported under IFRS.
The following tables present each segment’s results in the format that management organizes its segments to make operating decisions and assess performance. These tables reconcile our proportionate results to our partnership’s consolidated statements of operating results on a line by line basis by aggregating the components comprising the earnings from our investments in associates and reflecting the portion of each line item attributable to non-controlling interests.
See “Discussion of Segment Reconciling Items” beginning on page 62 for a reconciliation of segment results to our statement of operating results in accordance with IFRS along with a break-down of each of the reconciling items by type and by operating segment.
Net income is the most directly comparable IFRS measure to FFO, AFFO, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Earnings. Partnership capital is the most directly comparable IFRS measure to Invested Capital. We urge you to review the IFRS financial measures within the MD&A and to not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our partnership.
We define FFO as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses.
FFO has limitations as an analytical tool:
• | FFO does not include depreciation and amortization expense; because we own capital assets with finite lives, depreciation and amortization expense recognizes the fact that we must maintain or replace our asset base in order to preserve our revenue generating capability; |
• | FFO does not include deferred income taxes, which may become payable if we own our assets for a long period of time; and |
• | FFO does not include certain non-recurring charges such as breakage and transaction costs or non-cash valuation gains, losses and impairment charges. |
FFO is a key measure that we use to evaluate the performance of our operations and forms the basis for our partnership’s distribution policy.
We believe that FFO, when viewed in conjunction with our IFRS results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our underlying operations. FFO allows us to evaluate our businesses on the basis of cash return on invested capital by removing the effect of non-cash and other items.
We add back depreciation and amortization to remove the implication that our assets decline in value over time since we believe that the value of most of our assets will be sustained over time, provided we make all necessary maintenance expenditures. We add back deferred income taxes because we do not believe this item reflects the present value of the actual cash tax obligations we will be required to pay, particularly if our operations are held for a long period of time. We add back non-cash valuation gains or losses recorded in net income as they are non-cash and indicate a point-in-time approximation of value on items we consider long-term. We also add back breakage and transaction costs as they are capital in nature.
In addition, we focus on adjusted funds from operations or AFFO, which is defined as FFO less capital expenditures required to maintain the current performance of our operations (maintenance capital expenditures). While FFO provides a basis for assessing current operating performance, it does not take into consideration the cost to sustain the operating performance of our partnership’s asset base. In order to assess the long-term, sustainable operating performance of our businesses, we observe that in addition to FFO, investors use AFFO by taking into account the impact of maintenance capital expenditures.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 55
We also focus on Adjusted EBITDA which we define as net income excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, interest expense, current and deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs and non-cash valuation gains or losses. Adjusted EBITDA provides a supplemental understanding of the performance of our business and enhanced comparability across periods and relative to our peers. Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of interest expense and current income taxes to remove the effect of the current capital structure and tax profile in assessing the operating performance of our businesses.
Adjusted Earnings is a measure that can be used to evaluate the performance of our operations, defined as net income attributable to our partnership, excluding any incremental depreciation and amortization expense associated with the revaluation of our property, plant and equipment and the impact of purchase price accounting, mark-to-market on hedging items and disposition gains or losses. While we believe that maintenance capital expenditures are the best measure of the cost to preserve our revenue generating capability, we acknowledge that investors may view historical depreciation as a more relevant proxy. Adjusted Earnings also excludes mark-to-market on hedging items recorded in net income or disposition gains or losses as we believe these items are not reflective of the ongoing performance of our underlying operations.
When viewed with our IFRS results, we believe that Adjusted Earnings provides a supplemental understanding of the performance of our underlying operations and also gives users enhanced comparability of our ongoing performance relative to peers in certain jurisdictions and across periods.
Invested Capital, which tracks the amount of capital that has been contributed to our partnership, is a measure we utilize to assess returns on capital deployed, relative to targeted returns. Investment decisions are based on, amongst other measures and factors, targeted returns on Invested Capital of 12% to 15% annually over the long-term. We define Invested Capital as partnership capital removing the following items: non-controlling interest - in operating subsidiaries, retained earnings or deficit, accumulated other comprehensive income and ownership changes. We measure return on Invested Capital as AFFO, less estimated returns of capital on operations that are not perpetual in life, divided by the weighted average Invested Capital for the period.
56 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
FFO is a measure of operating performance that is not calculated in accordance with, and does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS as issued by the IASB. FFO is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. FFO has limitations as an analytical tool. Specifically, our definition of FFO may differ from the definition used by other organizations, as well as the definition of funds from operations used by the REALPAC and the NAREIT, in part because the NAREIT definition is based on U.S. GAAP, as opposed to IFRS. A reconciliation of the most closely-related IFRS measure, net income, to FFO and AFFO is as follows:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS(1) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Net income | $ | 327 | $ | 46 | |||
Add back or deduct the following: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 193 | 120 | |||||
Share of losses (earnings) from investments in associates and joint ventures(2) | 5 | (23 | ) | ||||
FFO contribution from investments in associates and joint ventures(2) | 161 | 134 | |||||
Income tax expense | 185 | 12 | |||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | 60 | 13 | |||||
Gain on sale of associate | (338 | ) | — | ||||
Other (expense) income | (5 | ) | 27 | ||||
Consolidated funds from operations | 588 | 329 | |||||
FFO attributable to non-controlling interests(3) | (255 | ) | (68 | ) | |||
FFO | 333 | 261 | |||||
Maintenance capital expenditures | (49 | ) | (45 | ) | |||
AFFO | 284 | 216 | |||||
Return of capital | (25 | ) | (12 | ) | |||
AFFO less return of capital | $ | 259 | $ | 204 |
1. | Please see “Reconciliation of Operating Segments” for a detailed reconciliation of Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate results to our partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operating Results. |
2. | These adjustments have the combined effect of excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses recorded within our investments in associates and joint ventures in accordance with our definition of FFO. |
3. | By adjusting FFO attributable to non-controlling interests, the partnership is able to remove the portion of FFO earned at non-wholly owned subsidiaries that is not attributable to the partnership. We believe our proportionate financial information, when read in conjunction with the partnership’s reported results under IFRS, provides the most meaningful assessment of how our operations are performing. Please refer to the discussion of limitations of the proportional results as an analytical tool within the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” on page 54. |
All reconciling amounts from net income to FFO presented above are taken directly from the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements, and in the case of “Contribution from investments in associates and joint ventures” and “Attributable to non-controlling interests”, the Partnership’s proportionate share of FFO relating thereto are derived using the accounting policies consistent with those applied in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements. FFO for these items is calculated on the same basis as consolidated entities as disclosed above, and are calculated by applying the same ownership percentages used in calculating the Partnership’s share of equity accounted income and the corresponding elimination of non-controlling interests in accordance with IAS 28, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures and IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively.
The difference between net income and FFO is due to depreciation and amortization expenses of $193 million (2017: $120 million), share of losses from investments in associates and joint ventures of $5 million (2017: earnings of $23 million), income tax expense of $185 million (2017: $12 million), mark-to-market losses on hedging and other items of $60 million (2017: $13 million), gain on sale of associate of $338 million (2017: $nil) and other expense of $5 million (2017: income of $27 million), less FFO attributable to non-controlling interests of $255 million (2017: $68 million).
The difference between net income and AFFO is due to the aforementioned items in addition to maintenance capital expenditures of $49 million (2017: $45 million).
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 57
The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable IFRS measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-IFRS measure. Adjusted EBITDA is presented based on our proportionate share of results in operations accounted for using the consolidation and the equity methods.
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS(1) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Net income | $ | 327 | $ | 46 | |||
Add back or deduct the following: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 193 | 120 | |||||
Interest expense | 114 | 94 | |||||
Share of losses (earnings) from investments in associates and joint ventures(2) | 5 | (23 | ) | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA contributions from investments in associates and joint ventures(2) | 203 | 189 | |||||
Income tax expense | 185 | 12 | |||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | 60 | 13 | |||||
Gain on sale of associates | (338 | ) | — | ||||
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA | 749 | 451 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to non-controlling interests(3) | (324 | ) | (101 | ) | |||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 425 | $ | 350 |
1. | Please see “Reconciliation of Operating Segments” for a detailed reconciliation of Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate results to our partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operating Results. |
2. | These adjustments have the combined effect of excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization, interest expense, current and deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses recorded within our investments in associates and joint ventures in accordance with our definition of FFO. |
3. | By adjusting Adjusted EBITDA attributable to non-controlling interests, the partnership is able to remove the portion of Adjusted EBITDA earned at non-wholly owned subsidiaries that is not attributable to the partnership. We believe our proportionate financial information, when read in conjunction with the partnership’s reported results under IFRS, provides the most meaningful assessment of how our operations are performing. Please refer to the discussion of limitations of the proportional results as an analytical tool within the “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Financial Measures” on page 54. |
All reconciling amounts presented above are taken directly from the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements, and in the case of “Contribution from investments in associates and joint ventures” and “Attributable to non-controlling interests”, the Partnership’s proportionate share of Adjusted EBITDA relating thereto are derived using the accounting policies consistent with those applied in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements. Adjusted EBITDA for these items is calculated on the same basis as consolidated entities as disclosed above, and are calculated by applying the same ownership percentages used in calculating the Partnership’s share of equity accounted income and the corresponding elimination of non-controlling interests in accordance with IAS 28, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures and IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively.
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, the difference between net income and Adjusted EBITDA is primarily due to depreciation and amortization expenses of $193 million (2017: $120 million), Adjusted EBITDA contributions from investment in associates of $203 million (2017: $189 million), and the gain on sale of associates of $338 million (2017: $nil).
The following table reconciles net income attributable to our partnership, the most directly comparable IFRS measure, to Adjusted Earnings, a non-IFRS financial metric:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Net income attributable to partnership(1) | $ | 209 | $ | 22 | |||
Add back or deduct the following: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense due to application of revaluation model and acquisition accounting | 85 | 78 | |||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | 198 | 46 | |||||
Gains on sale of subsidiaries or ownership changes | (338 | ) | — | ||||
Adjusted earnings | $ | 154 | $ | 146 |
1. | Includes net income attributable to non-controlling interest—Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield, general partner and limited partners. |
58 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the difference between net income attributable to partnership and Adjusted Earnings is due to depreciation and amortization expense attributable to the application of the revaluation model and acquisition accounting of $85 million (2017: $78 million) and mark-to-market losses on hedging items and other of $198 million (2017: $46 million). The gains on sale of subsidiaries or ownership changes includes a one-time gain relating to the sale of our Chilean electricity transmission business. Adjusted earnings increased by $8 million from the prior year due to the positive impact of organic growth initiatives.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) per limited partnership unit, the most directly comparable IFRS measure, to FFO per unit, a non-IFRS financial metric:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER UNIT AMOUNTS(1) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Net income (loss) per limited partnership unit(2) | $ | 0.42 | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
Add back or deduct the following: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 0.53 | 0.43 | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items | 0.09 | 0.12 | |||||
Gain on sale of associate | (0.86 | ) | — | ||||
Valuation losses and other | 0.66 | 0.18 | |||||
Per unit FFO(3) | $ | 0.85 | $ | 0.71 |
1. | Please see “Reconciliation of Operating Segments” for a detailed reconciliation of Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate results to our partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operating Results. |
2. | During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, on average there were 276.6 million limited partnership units outstanding (2017: 259.5 million for the three-month period). |
3. | During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, on average there were 394.0 million units outstanding (2017: 369.5 million for the three-month period). |
The following table reconciles net income (loss) per limited partnership unit, the most directly comparable IFRS measure, to Adjusted Earnings per unit, a non-IFRS financial metric:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER UNIT AMOUNTS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Net income (loss) per limited partnership unit(1) | $ | 0.42 | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
Add back or deduct the following: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense due to application of revaluation model & acquisition accounting | 0.22 | 0.21 | |||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | 0.61 | 0.12 | |||||
Gains on sale of subsidiaries or ownership changes | (0.86 | ) | — | ||||
Adjusted earnings per unit(2) | $ | 0.39 | $ | 0.30 |
1. | During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, on average there were 276.6 million limited partnership units outstanding (2017: 259.5 million for the three-month period). |
2. | During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, on average there were 394.0 million units outstanding (2017: 369.5 million for the three-month period). |
The following reconciles partnership capital, the most directly comparable IFRS measure, to Invested Capital, a non-IFRS financial metric:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Partnership Capital | $ | 13,607 | $ | 13,474 | |||
Remove impact of the following items since inception: | |||||||
Non-controlling interest - in operating subsidiaries | (5,839 | ) | (5,875 | ) | |||
Deficit (Earnings) | 738 | 1,366 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | (637 | ) | (1,257 | ) | |||
Ownership changes | (109 | ) | (109 | ) | |||
Invested Capital | $ | 7,760 | $ | 7,599 |
Invested capital has increased as a result of the issuance of $157 million of Series 9 preferred units in January 2018, and $4 million related to units issued in March 2018 under our partnership’s distribution reinvestment plan.
Q1 2018 INTERIM REPORT 59
The following table presents the change in Invested Capital during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018:
For the three-month period ended March 31 | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | 2018 | 2017 | |||||
Opening balance | $ | 7,599 | $ | 6,387 | |||
Issuance of preferred units | 157 | 220 | |||||
Issuance of limited partnership units and redeemable partnership units | 4 | 6 | |||||
Ending balance | $ | 7,760 | $ | 6,613 | |||
Weighted Average Invested Capital | $ | 7,716 | $ | 6,543 |
AFFO is defined as FFO (defined in Note 3, Segment Information) less maintenance capital expenditures. AFFO for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $284 million (2017: $216 million). Estimated returns of capital for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 were $25 million (2017: $12 million).
Our partnership has met its investment return objectives with return on Invested Capital of 13% for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (2017: 12%).
OTHER RELEVANT MEASURES
The following section contains information to assist users in the calculation of the enterprise value of our partnership.
Enterprise Value
We define Enterprise Value as the market value of our partnership plus preferred units and proportionate debt, net of proportionate cash.
The following table presents Enterprise Value as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
As of | |||||||
US$ MILLIONS | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||
Partnership units outstanding, end of period(1) | 394.1 | 394.0 | |||||
Price(2) | $ | 41.1830 | $ | 44.9200 | |||
Market capitalization | 16,230 | 17,698 | |||||
Preferred units(3) | 752 | 595 | |||||
Proportionate net debt(4) | 8,081 | 9,628 | |||||
Enterprise value | $ | 25,063 | $ | 27,921 |
1. | Includes limited partner, general partner and redeemable partnership units held by Brookfield. |
2. | Market value of our partnership is calculated based on the price per unit referencing the volume weighted average of the trading price of our units on the New York Stock Exchange for the last five trading days of a period. |
3. | Preferred units on Brookfield Infrastructure’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. |
4. | Please see “Capital Resources and Liquidity” for a detailed reconciliation of Brookfield Infrastructure’s proportionate net debt to our partnership’s consolidated debt on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. |
Reconciliation of Operating Segments
Adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO are presented based on our proportionate share of results in operations accounted for using consolidation and the equity method whereby we either control or exercise significant influence over the investment respectively, in order to demonstrate the impact of key value drivers of each of these operating segments on our overall performance. As a result, segment depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, breakage and transaction costs, and non-cash valuation gains or losses are reconciling items that will differ from results presented in accordance with IFRS as these reconciling items (1) include our proportionate share of earnings from investments in associates attributable to each of the above-noted items, and (2) exclude the proportionate share of earnings (loss) of consolidated investments not held by us apportioned to each of the above-noted items.
60 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
The following tables present each segment’s results in the format that management organizes its segments to make operating decisions and assess performance. Each segment is presented on a proportionate basis, taking into account our ownership in operations accounted for using the consolidation and equity method whereby we either control or exercise significant influence over the investment, respectively. These tables reconcile our proportionate results to our partnership’s consolidated statements of operating results on a line by line basis by aggregating the components comprising the earnings from our investments in associates and reflecting the portion of each line item attributable to non-controlling interests. See “Discussion of Segment Reconciling Items” on page 62 for a reconciliation of segment results to our statement of operating results in accordance with IFRS.
Total attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Total | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non- controlling interest | As per IFRS financials(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 272 | $ | 424 | $ | 153 | $ | 43 | $ | — | $ | 892 | $ | (423 | ) | $ | 544 | $ | 1,013 | |||||||||||||||||
Costs attributed to revenues | (69 | ) | (246 | ) | (74 | ) | (20 | ) | — | (409 | ) | 220 | (220 | ) | (409 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative costs | — | — | — | — | (58 | ) | (58 | ) | — | — | (58 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 203 | 178 | 79 | 23 | (58 | ) | 425 | (203 | ) | 324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income | (3 | ) | 2 | 5 | (1 | ) | 17 | 20 | — | (25 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (31 | ) | (43 | ) | (18 | ) | (3 | ) | (17 | ) | (112 | ) | 42 | (44 | ) | (114 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
FFO | 169 | 137 | 66 | 19 | (58 | ) | 333 | (161 | ) | 255 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (58 | ) | (99 | ) | (33 | ) | (20 | ) | — | (210 | ) | 111 | (94 | ) | (193 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred taxes | (15 | ) | 13 | (2 | ) | 2 | — | (2 | ) | (9 | ) | (4 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | (47 | ) | (39 | ) | (18 | ) | — | (146 | ) | (250 | ) | 64 | (39 | ) | (225 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of associate | — | — | — | — | 338 | 338 | — | — | 338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share of losses from associates | — | — | — | — | — | — | (5 | ) | — | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred unitholders | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (118 | ) | (118 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to partnership(2) | $ | 49 | $ | 12 | $ | 13 | $ | 1 | $ | 134 | $ | 209 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 209 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Total | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non-controlling interest | As per IFRS financials(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 176 | $ | 375 | $ | 142 | $ | 39 | $ | — | $ | 732 | $ | (380 | ) | $ | 304 | $ | 656 | |||||||||||||||||
Costs attributed to revenues | (48 | ) | (210 | ) | (56 | ) | (17 | ) | — | (331 | ) | 191 | (203 | ) | (343 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative costs | — | — | — | — | (51 | ) | (51 | ) | — | — | (51 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 128 | 165 | 86 | 22 | (51 | ) | 350 | (189 | ) | 101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense) | 1 | (3 | ) | 3 | — | 20 | 21 | 6 | — | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (29 | ) | (39 | ) | (27 | ) | (3 | ) | (12 | ) | (110 | ) | 49 | (33 | ) | (94 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
FFO | 100 | 123 | 62 | 19 | (43 | ) | 261 | (134 | ) | 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (32 | ) | (76 | ) | (33 | ) | (17 | ) | — | (158 | ) | 88 | (50 | ) | (120 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred taxes | (6 | ) | 5 | (5 | ) | 2 | 1 | (3 | ) | 2 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mark-to-market on hedging items and other | (16 | ) | (21 | ) | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | (33 | ) | (78 | ) | 21 | 5 | (52 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Share of earnings from associates | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | — | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred unitholders | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (24 | ) | (24 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to partnership(2) | $ | 46 | $ | 31 | $ | 17 | $ | 3 | $ | (75 | ) | $ | 22 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 22 |
1. | The above table provides each segment’s results in the format that management organizes its segments to make operating decisions and assess performance. Each segment is presented on a proportionate basis, taking into account our ownership in operations accounted for using the consolidation and equity methods under IFRS. The above table reconciles our proportionate results to our consolidated statements of operating results on a line by line basis by aggregating the components comprising the earnings from our investments in associates and reflecting the portion of each line item attributable to non-controlling interests. |
2. | Net income attributable to our partnership includes net income attributable to non-controlling interests - Redeemable Partnership Units held by Brookfield, general partners and limited partners. |
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The following tables provide each segment’s assets in the format that management organizes its segments to make operating decisions and assess performance. Each segment is presented on a proportionate basis, taking into account our ownership in operations using consolidation and the equity method whereby we either control or exercise significant influence over the investment respectively. These tables reconcile our proportionate assets to total assets presented on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position by removing net liabilities contained within investments in associates and reflecting the assets attributable to non-controlling interests, and adjusting for working capital assets which are netted against working capital liabilities.
Total Attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Brookfield Infrastructure | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non- controlling interest | Working capital adjustment and other | As per IFRS financials | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 5,034 | $ | 7,008 | $ | 3,122 | $ | 1,098 | $ | (1,165 | ) | $ | 15,097 | $ | (2,597 | ) | $ | 11,711 | $ | 4,957 | $ | 29,168 |
Total Attributable to Brookfield Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Brookfield Infrastructure | Contribution from investments in associates | Attributable to non- controlling interest | Working capital adjustment and other | As per IFRS financials | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 6,542 | $ | 6,990 | $ | 3,134 | $ | 1,049 | $ | (1,083 | ) | $ | 16,632 | $ | (3,134 | ) | $ | 11,668 | $ | 4,311 | $ | 29,477 |
Discussion of Segment Reconciling Items
The following tables detail and provide discussion, where applicable, of material changes between reporting periods for each operating segment, the reconciliation of contributions from investments in associates and attribution of non-controlling interest in the determination of Adjusted EBITDA, FFO and net income attributable to our partnership in order to facilitate the understanding of the nature of and changes to reconciling items.
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to items comprising Adjusted EBITDA(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from investments in associates | $ | (33 | ) | $ | (92 | ) | $ | (55 | ) | $ | (23 | ) | $ | — | $ | (203 | ) | |||||||
Attribution to non-controlling interest | 244 | 44 | 36 | — | — | 324 | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 211 | (48 | ) | (19 | ) | (23 | ) | — | 121 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments to items comprising FFO(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from investments in associates | 6 | 21 | 11 | 4 | — | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||
Attribution to non-controlling interest | (36 | ) | (20 | ) | (14 | ) | 1 | — | (69 | ) | ||||||||||||||
FFO | 181 | (47 | ) | (22 | ) | (18 | ) | — | 94 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments to items comprising net income attributable to partnership(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from investment in associates | 27 | 71 | 44 | 19 | — | 161 | ||||||||||||||||||
Attribution to non-controlling interest | (208 | ) | (24 | ) | (22 | ) | (1 | ) | — | (255 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to partnership | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — |
62 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 US$ MILLIONS | Utilities | Transport | Energy | Comm. Infrastructure | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to items comprising Adjusted EBITDA(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from investment in associates | $ | (31 | ) | $ | (79 | ) | $ | (56 | ) | $ | (23 | ) | $ | — | $ | (189 | ) | |||||||
Attribution to non-controlling interest | 37 | 38 | 41 | — | (15 | ) | 101 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 6 | (41 | ) | (15 | ) | (23 | ) | (15 | ) | (88 | ) | |||||||||||||
Adjustments to items comprising FFO(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from investments in associates | 10 | 19 | 22 | 4 | — | 55 | ||||||||||||||||||
Attribution to non-controlling interest | (12 | ) | (10 | ) | (5 | ) | — | (6 | ) | (33 | ) | |||||||||||||
FFO | 4 | (32 | ) | 2 | (19 | ) | (21 | ) | (66 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Adjustments to items comprising net income attributable to partnership(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from investment in associates | 21 | 60 | 34 | 19 | — | 134 | ||||||||||||||||||
Attribution to non-controlling interest | (25 | ) | (28 | ) | (36 | ) | — | 21 | (68 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to partnership | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — |
1. | Revenues, costs attributed to revenues, general and administrative costs. |
2. | Other income, interest expense and cash taxes. |
3. | Depreciation and amortization, deferred taxes, fair value adjustments, other expenses, share of earnings from associates, net income attributable to non-controlling interest. |
Contributions from investments in associates and joint ventures increased compared to prior year primarily due to additional income from organic growth initiatives within our North American natural gas transmission operation, organic growth, and the impact of foreign exchange.
Attribution to non-controlling interest increased compared to the prior year primarily due to acquisitions completed over the past 12 months.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make critical judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources, during the reporting period. These estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Critical judgments made by management and utilized in the normal course of preparing Brookfield Infrastructure’s consolidated financial statements are outlined below.
Financial instruments
Critical judgments associated with our partnership’s financial instruments pertain to the assessment of the effectiveness of hedging relationships. Brookfield Infrastructure performs hedge effectiveness testing on an ongoing basis with a forward-looking evaluation of whether or not the hedging relationship are expected to meet all of the hedge effectiveness requirements, conversely our partnership performs a retrospective hedge effectiveness test evaluating whether the hedging relationship has met all of the hedge effectiveness requirements since the date of designation. Estimates and assumptions used in determining the fair value of financial instruments are equity and commodity prices; future interest rates; the credit worthiness of the company relative to its counterparties; the credit risk of the company’s counterparties relative to the company; estimated future cash flows; and discount rates.
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Revaluation of property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is revalued on a regular basis. The critical estimates and assumptions underlying the valuation of property, plant and equipment are set out in Note 12, Property, Plant and Equipment in our December 31, 2017 audited consolidated financial statements. Our partnership’s property, plant, and equipment is measured at fair value on a recurring basis with an effective date of revaluation for all asset classes as of December 31, 2017. Brookfield Infrastructure determined fair value under the income method with due consideration to significant inputs such as the discount rate, terminal value multiple and overall investment horizon.
Impairment of goodwill, intangibles with indefinite lives and investment in associates and joint ventures
Our partnership assesses the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives by reviewing the value-in-use or fair value less costs of disposal of the cash-generating units to which goodwill or the intangible asset has been allocated. Brookfield Infrastructure uses the following critical assumptions and estimates: the circumstances that gave rise to the goodwill, timing and amount of future cash flows expected from the cash-generating unit; discount rates; terminal capitalization rates; terminal valuation dates; useful lives and residual values.
The impairment assessment of investments in associates and joint ventures requires estimation of the recoverable amount of the asset.
Other estimates utilized in the preparation of our partnership’s financial statements are: depreciation and amortization rates and useful lives; recoverable amount of goodwill and intangible assets; ability to utilize tax losses and other tax measurements.
Recently adopted accounting standard amendments
Brookfield Infrastructure applied, for the first time, certain new standards applicable to our partnership that became effective January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting these new standards on our partnership’s accounting policies are as follows:
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”)
IFRS 15 specifies how and when revenue should be recognized as well as requiring more informative and relevant disclosures. This standard also requires additional disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. IFRS 15 supersedes IAS 18, Revenue, IAS 11, Construction Contracts and a number of revenue-related interpretations. IFRS 15 applies to nearly all contracts with customers: the main exceptions are leases, financial instruments and insurance contracts. Our partnership adopted the standard on January 1, 2018, on a modified retrospective basis. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Apart from additional disclosure requirements, the adoption did not have a significant impact on the partnership’s condensed and consolidated financial statements and therefore has not been included in the “Cumulative effect of changes” section below.
64 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Utilities
Revenue from utilities infrastructure is derived from the transmission of energy and natural gas, the distribution of energy and from Brookfield Infrastructure’s Australian regulated terminal operation. Distribution and transmission revenue each contains a single performance obligation that is recognized over time. The connection revenue relating to Brookfield Infrastructure’s regulated distribution operation contains a distinct performance obligation that is recognized over the period that the connection is constructed, based on an input method of progress recognition on the basis that this methodology is most reflective of the underlying transfer of control. Terminal infrastructure revenue contains both a capacity charge and a handling charge associated with operating the terminal. The terminal infrastructure service contracts contain a performance obligation recognized over time pertaining to capacity for the period the services are provided and for handling service based on tons of coal shipped through the terminal when service is provided. The payment terms for all of our businesses in the utilities segment require payment upon completion, except for connections income whereby payment is typically collected up-front prior to the completion of any services.
Transport
Revenue from transport infrastructure consists primarily of freight, toll road operations and transportation services revenue. These services consist of a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over time when services are rendered, based primarily on usage or volume during the period. The payment terms for all of our businesses in the transport segment require payment upon completion of the underlying transportation service.
Energy
Revenue from energy infrastructure consists primarily of energy transmission and storage as well as district energy services. Energy transmission services revenue consists of a single performance obligation and is recognized over time as services are rendered, based primarily on usage or volume throughput. Performance obligations relating to district energy contracts are satisfied over time as the services are rendered. Gas storage revenues contain both a capacity charge and a variable charge, however the associated services are highly interdependent and represent a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time as the services are provided. The payment terms for all of our businesses in the energy segment require payment upon completion of the underlying service within a given period.
Communications Infrastructure
Revenue from communications infrastructure is derived from contracts with media broadcasting and telecom customers to access infrastructure. These contracts consist of performance obligations that are satisfied over time in accordance with the underlying agreements. The payment terms for our businesses in the communications infrastructure segment require upfront and recurring payments to lease space on towers to host the customers’ equipment. The differing payment terms do not constitute separate performance obligations as revenue is recognized over time for the period the services are provided.
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”)
In July 2014, the IASB issued the final publication of IFRS 9, superseding IAS 39, Financial Instruments. This standard establishes principles for the financial reporting of financial assets and financial liabilities that will present relevant and useful information to users of financial statements for their assessment of the amounts, timing and uncertainty of an entity’s future cash flows. The standard includes changes regarding the classification of certain financial instruments as outlined in the table below. These changes have not had a material impact on our partnership’s consolidated financial statements. The standard also includes a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns hedge accounting more closely with an entity’s risk management activities. It does not fully change the types of hedging relationships or the requirement to measure and recognize ineffectiveness, however, it allows more hedging strategies that are used for risk management to qualify for hedge accounting and introduce more judgment to assess the effectiveness of a hedging relationship. Our partnership has adopted the standards as of January 1, 2018 retrospectively with no restatement of comparative periods. Certain hedge accounting relationships relating to aggregated foreign currency exposures now qualify for hedge accounting under this new standard. Consequently, the partnership has applied hedge accounting to these relationships prospectively commencing on January 1, 2018. In addition, our partnership has elected certain gas storage contracts to be measured at fair value through profit or loss. A cumulative catch-up adjustment has been recorded through equity upon initial adoption.
Financial Instrument Classification
Our partnership classifies cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable and other as amortized cost. Additionally, our partnership maintains a portfolio of marketable securities comprised of liquid equity and debt securities. The marketable securities are classified either as fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) or fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”). Derivative assets are classified as FVTPL, except for derivatives in certain hedging relationships. Other financial assets are classified as either amortized cost or FVTOCI.
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Financial assets classified as FVTPL or FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date. For financial assets classified as FVTPL, the change in fair value is recorded through profit or loss. For financial assets classified as FVTOCI, the change in fair value is recorded in other comprehensive income. The cumulative gains or losses related to FVTOCI equity instruments are not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal, whereas the cumulative gains or losses on all other FVTOCI assets are reclassified to profit or loss on disposal. For financial instruments at amortized cost or debt instruments at FVTOCI, the partnership assesses if there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition to determine whether lifetime or 12-month expected credit losses should be recognized. Any related loss allowances are recorded through profit or loss.
Borrowings, accounts payable and other, and preferred shares are classified as amortized cost, except for derivatives embedded in related financial instruments. Embedded derivatives and any other derivative liabilities are classified as FVTPL and are subsequently measured at fair value, except for derivatives in certain hedging relationships. Other financial liabilities are classified as either FVTPL or amortized cost.
Financial instruments classified as amortized cost upon adoption of IFRS 9 were previously classified as loans and receivables. Financial assets classified as FVTOCI were previously classified as available-for-sale securities. The changes in classification had no impact on the carrying values and there were no changes to the classification of financial assets classified as FVTPL.
Hedge Accounting
Brookfield Infrastructure selectively utilizes derivative financial instruments primarily to manage financial risks, including interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value. Hedge accounting is applied when the derivative is designated as a hedge of a specific exposure and that the hedging relationship meets all of the hedge effectiveness requirements. Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the derivative no longer qualifies as a hedge or the hedging relationship is terminated. Once discontinued, the cumulative change in fair value of a derivative that was previously recorded in other comprehensive income by the application of hedge accounting is recognized in profit or loss over the remaining term of the original hedging relationship as amounts related to the hedged item are recognized in profit or loss. The assets or liabilities relating to unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on derivative financial instruments are recorded in financial assets and financial liabilities, respectively.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts, designated as hedges of currency risks relating to a net investment in a subsidiary with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are included in equity and are included in net income in the period in which the subsidiary is disposed of or to the extent partially disposed and control is not retained. Derivative financial instruments that are designated as hedges to offset corresponding changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities and cash flows are measured at estimated fair value with changes in fair value recorded in profit or loss or as a component of equity as applicable.
Unrealized gains and losses on interest rate contracts designated as hedges of future variable interest payments are included in equity as a cash flow hedge when the interest rate risk relates to an anticipated variable interest payment. The periodic exchanges of payments on interest rate swap contracts designated as hedges of debt are recorded on an accrual basis as an adjustment to interest expense.
IFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions (“IFRIC 22”)
In December 2016, the IASB issued IFRIC 22, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The interpretation clarifies that the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) is the date on which an entity initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration. The partnership has adopted the standard as of January 1, 2018 prospectively. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the partnership’s condensed and consolidated financial statements.
66 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.
Cumulative effect of changes
The changes made to our January 1, 2018 condensed and consolidated statement of financial position for the adoption of IFRS 9 was driven by our North American gas storage business, which elected to account for certain physical commodity contracts as financial instruments under IFRS 9. This election resulted in the recognition of the fair values of the contracts as financial assets or financial liabilities and the cumulative mark-to-market gains directly in partnership capital. The impacts of this election were increases of $25 million, $9 million and $16 million in total assets, total liabilities and total partnership capital, respectively.
The adoption of all other accounting standards did not have an impact to our January 1, 2018 assets, liabilities or partnership capital.
Standards issued but not yet adopted
IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”)
The IASB has published a new standard, IFRS 16. The new standard brings most leases on-balance sheet for lessees under a single model, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases. Lessor accounting however remains largely unchanged and the distinction between operating and finance leases is retained. IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17, Leases and related interpretations and is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted if IFRS 15 has also been applied. Brookfield Infrastructure is currently evaluating the impact of IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial statements.
Our partnership has a global team in place to evaluate the financial statement and any corollary impact of adopting IFRS 16, has participated in strategic planning sessions with Brookfield and has developed an adoption plan. Management has also assessed major leases, and has substantially completed accumulating, identifying and inventorying detailed information on major leases that may be impacted by the changes at the transition date.
Interpretations issued but not yet adopted
IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments (“IFRIC 23”)
In June 2017, the IASB published IFRIC 23, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The interpretation requires an entity to assess whether it is probable that a tax authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment used, or proposed to be used, by an entity in its income tax filings and to exercise judgment in determining whether each tax treatment should be considered independently or whether some tax treatments should be considered together. The decision should be based on which approach provides better predictions of the resolution of the uncertainty. An entity also has to consider whether it is probable that the relevant authority will accept each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, assuming that the taxation authority with the right to examine any amounts reported to it will examine those amounts and will have full knowledge of all relevant information when doing so. The interpretation may be applied on either a fully retrospective basis or a modified retrospective basis without restatement of comparative information. Brookfield Infrastructure is currently evaluating the impact of IFRIC 23 on its consolidated financial statements.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
No changes were made in our internal control over financial reporting during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking information and forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws. We may make such statements in this report, in other filings with Canadian regulators or the SEC and in other public communications. The words “tend”, “seek”, “target”, “foresee”, “believe,” “expect,” “could”, “aim to,” “intend,” “objective”, “outlook”, “endeavour”, “estimate”, “likely”, “continue”, “plan”, derivatives thereof and other expressions of similar import, or the negative variations thereof, and similar expressions of future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “may”, “should,” which are predictions of or indicate future events, trends or prospects and which do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis include among others, statements with respect to our assets tending to appreciate in value over time, growth in our assets and operations, increases in FFO per unit and resulting capital appreciation, returns on capital and on equity, increasing demand for commodities and global movement of goods, expected capital expenditures, the impact of planned capital projects by customers of our businesses as on the performance and growth of those businesses, the extent of our corporate, general and administrative expenses, our ability to close acquisitions (including acquisitions referred to in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis and other planned transactions), our capacity to take advantage of opportunities in the marketplace, the future prospects of the assets that we operate or will operate, partnering with institutional investors, ability to identify, acquire and integrate new acquisition opportunities, long-term target return on our assets, sustainability of distribution levels, distribution growth and payout ratios, operating results and margins for our business and each operation, future prospects for the markets for our products, our plans for growth through internal growth and capital investments, ability to achieve stated objectives, ability to drive operating efficiencies, return on capital expectations for the business, contract prices and regulated rates for our operations, our expected future maintenance and capital expenditures, ability to deploy capital in accretive investments, impact on the business resulting from our view of future economic conditions, our ability to maintain sufficient financial liquidity, our ability to draw down funds under our bank credit facilities, our ability to secure financing through the issuance of equity or debt, expansions of existing operations, likely sources of future opportunities in the markets in which we operate, financing plans for our operating companies, foreign currency management activities and other statements with respect to our beliefs, outlooks, plans, expectations and intentions. Although we believe that the partnership’s anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the partnership to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and information.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by the forward-looking statements contained herein include general economic conditions in the jurisdictions in which we operate and elsewhere which may impact the markets for our products or services, the ability to achieve growth within Brookfield Infrastructure’s businesses, our ability to achieve the milestones necessary to deliver the targeted returns to our unitholders, which is uncertain, some of which depends on access to capital and continuing favourable commodity prices, the impact of market conditions on our businesses, the fact that success of Brookfield Infrastructure is dependent on market demand for an infrastructure company, which is unknown, the availability of equity and debt financing for Brookfield Infrastructure, the ability to effectively complete new acquisitions in the competitive infrastructure space (including the potential acquisitions referred to in this letter to unitholders, some of which remain subject to the satisfaction of conditions precedent, and the inability to reach final agreement with counterparties to transactions referred to herein as being currently pursued, given that there can be no assurance that any such transaction will be agreed to or completed) and to integrate acquisitions into existing operations, changes in technology which have the potential to disrupt the businesses and industries in which we invest, the market conditions of key commodities, the price, supply or demand for which can have a significant impact upon the financial and operating performance of our business, regulatory decisions affecting our regulated businesses, our ability to secure favourable contracts, weather events affecting our business, traffic volumes on our toll road businesses and other risks and factors described in the documents filed by us with the securities regulators in Canada and the United States, including under “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F and other risks and factors that are described therein.
We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to Brookfield Infrastructure, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, the partnership undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
68 BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERS L.P.