Segment Information | 9. SEGMENT INFORMATION ASC Subtopic 280-10, “Segment Reporting,” The CODM measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment Adjusted EBITDA and key performance indicators, which include operating revenues and other items. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and certain transactions or adjustments that the CODM does not primarily consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows. The Company’s computation of segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies because all companies do not calculate segment adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion. Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular segment are allocated based upon various methodologies, including time estimates, headcount, sales targets, data center consumption and other relevant usage measures. Due to the integrated structure of our business, certain costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. A segment may use the content and data produced by another segment without incurring an arm’s-length intersegment charge. The CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on an operating segment basis. Operating segments do not record intersegment revenue, and, accordingly, there is none to be reported. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for MSCI as a whole. The Company has four operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Real Estate. The Index operating segment is a provider of investment decision support tools, including equity indexes and equity index benchmarks. The products are used in many areas of the investment process, including portfolio construction and rebalancing, asset allocation, performance benchmarking and attribution, regulatory and client reporting and index-linked investment product creation. The Analytics operating segment consists of products and services used for portfolio construction, risk management and reporting. The products enable institutional investors to monitor, analyze and report on the risk and return of investments across a variety of asset classes. They are based on proprietary, integrated fundamental multi-factor risk models, value-at-risk methodologies, performance attribution frameworks and asset valuation models. In addition, the Analytics segment includes products that help investors value, model and hedge physical assets and derivatives across a number of market segments, including energy and commodity assets. The ESG operating segment offers products institutional investors use for assessing risks and opportunities arising from environmental, social and governance issues. ESG tools are used to evaluate both individual securities and investment portfolios. The Real Estate operating segment is a provider of real estate performance analysis for funds, investors, managers, lenders and occupiers. It provides index products and offers services that include research, reporting and benchmarking. The operating segments of ESG and Real Estate do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of the All Other segment for disclosure purposes. The following table presents operating revenue by the reportable segment for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) Operating revenues Index $ 152,117 $ 140,131 $ 296,730 $ 273,685 Analytics 112,393 107,570 222,656 214,415 All Other 26,086 22,879 50,038 45,249 Total $ 290,596 $ 270,580 $ 569,424 $ 533,349 The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) Index Adjusted EBITDA $ 106,518 $ 98,017 $ 206,567 $ 191,070 Analytics Adjusted EBITDA 33,302 21,264 63,662 35,344 All Other Adjusted EBITDA 6,207 (1,010 ) 8,947 (492 ) Total operating segment profitability 146,027 118,271 279,176 225,922 Amortization of intangible assets 11,943 11,695 23,783 23,397 Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements 8,393 8,065 16,561 15,272 Operating income 125,691 98,511 238,832 187,253 Other expense (income), net 25,147 11,095 47,511 22,177 Provision for income taxes 33,587 31,399 63,997 59,435 Income from continuing operations 66,957 56,017 127,324 105,641 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes — — — (5,797 ) Net income $ 66,957 $ 56,017 $ 127,324 $ 99,844 Revenue by geography is based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents revenue for the periods indicated by geographic area: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) Revenues Americas: United States $ 134,719 $ 130,057 $ 272,364 $ 255,673 Other 11,388 10,375 21,970 20,230 Total Americas 146,107 140,432 294,334 275,903 Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"): United Kingdom 43,976 42,155 86,586 82,396 Other 63,435 55,380 116,874 110,309 Total EMEA 107,411 97,535 203,460 192,705 Asia & Australia: Japan 13,563 10,958 26,203 22,560 Other 23,515 21,655 45,427 42,181 Total Asia & Australia 37,078 32,613 71,630 64,741 Total $ 290,596 $ 270,580 $ 569,424 $ 533,349 Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment, leasehold improvements, goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment, leasehold improvements, goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated: As of June 30, December 31, 2016 2015 (in thousands) Long-lived assets Americas: United States $ 1,896,829 $ 1,916,689 Other 1,910 2,279 Total Americas 1,898,739 1,918,968 EMEA: United Kingdom 98,448 110,261 Other 20,806 16,849 Total EMEA 119,254 127,110 Asia & Australia: Japan 518 570 Other 8,095 9,389 Total Asia & Australia 8,613 9,959 Total $ 2,026,606 $ 2,056,037 |