Segment Information | 9. SEGMENT INFORMATION ASC Subtopic 280-10, “Segment Reporting,” The CODM measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and certain transactions or adjustments that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows. The Company’s computation of segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies because all companies do not calculate segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion. Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular segment are allocated based upon allocation methodologies, including time estimates, headcount, sales targets, data center consumption and other relevant usage measures. Due to the integrated structure of our business, certain costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. A segment may use the content and data produced by another segment without incurring an arm’s-length intersegment charge. The CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on an operating segment basis. Operating segments do not record intersegment revenue, and, accordingly, there is none to be reported. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for MSCI as a whole. The Company has four operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Real Estate. The Index operating segment is primarily a provider of equity indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including index-linked product creation and performance benchmarking, as well as portfolio construction and rebalancing and asset allocation. The Analytics operating segment uses analytical content to create products and services which offer institutional investors an integrated view of risk and return. Its research-enhanced products and services help institutional investors understand and control for market, credit, liquidity and counterparty risk across all major asset classes, spanning short, medium and long-term time horizons. The Analytics global risk and performance platform is built for scale, enabling clients to conduct complex calculations and stress tests. Analytics offers products and services that assist institutional investors with portfolio construction, risk management, performance attribution and regulatory reporting. The ESG operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) factors can impact the long-term risk of their investments. In addition, the ESG operating segment’s data and ratings products are used in the construction of equity and fixed income indexes to help institutional investors benchmark ESG investment performance, issue index-based investment products, as well as manage, measure and report on ESG mandates. The Real Estate operating segment is a provider of real estate performance analysis for funds, investors, managers and lenders, as well as occupiers through the disposition of the Real Estate occupiers business. This segment provides products and offers services that include research, reporting and benchmarking. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of the Real Estate occupiers business. The operating segments of ESG and Real Estate do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other for disclosure purposes. The following table presents operating revenue by reportable segment for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 (in thousands) Operating revenues Index $ 184,594 $ 157,751 $ 525,185 $ 454,481 Analytics 114,972 111,291 340,759 333,947 All Other 22,531 19,391 73,449 69,429 Total $ 322,097 $ 288,433 $ 939,393 $ 857,857 The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 (in thousands) Index Adjusted EBITDA $ 134,299 $ 111,750 $ 379,412 $ 318,317 Analytics Adjusted EBITDA 33,013 31,501 94,290 95,163 All Other Adjusted EBITDA 1,290 73 11,840 9,020 Total operating segment profitability 168,602 143,324 485,542 422,500 Amortization of intangible assets 10,614 11,752 32,987 35,535 Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements 9,325 8,312 27,322 24,873 Operating income 148,663 123,260 425,233 362,092 Other expense (income), net 27,860 25,738 85,294 73,249 Provision for income taxes 35,650 32,241 100,569 96,238 Net income $ 85,153 $ 65,281 $ 239,370 $ 192,605 Revenue by geography is based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents revenue by geographic area for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 (in thousands) Revenues Americas: United States $ 159,123 $ 139,376 $ 459,958 $ 411,740 Other 11,997 11,908 34,949 33,878 Total Americas 171,120 151,284 494,907 445,618 Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"): United Kingdom 48,878 44,689 143,140 131,275 Other 61,567 56,317 185,655 173,191 Total EMEA 110,445 101,006 328,795 304,466 Asia & Australia: Japan 13,577 13,476 39,640 39,679 Other 26,955 22,667 76,051 68,094 Total Asia & Australia 40,532 36,143 115,691 107,773 Total $ 322,097 $ 288,433 $ 939,393 $ 857,857 Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment, leasehold improvements, goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated: As of September 30, December 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Long-lived assets Americas: United States $ 1,848,890 $ 1,876,366 Other 1,764 1,543 Total Americas 1,850,654 1,877,909 EMEA: United Kingdom 94,261 89,466 Other 21,707 23,780 Total EMEA 115,968 113,246 Asia & Australia: Japan 235 357 Other 7,318 7,563 Total Asia & Australia 7,553 7,920 Total $ 1,974,175 $ 1,999,075 |