Segment Information | 11. SEGMENT INFORMATION ASC Subtopic 280-10, “Segment Reporting,” The CODM measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including the impact related to the vesting of the 2016 multi-year MSUs, that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows. The Company’s computation of segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies because all companies do not calculate segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion. Operating revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular segment are based upon allocation methodologies, including time estimates, revenue, headcount, sales targets, data center consumption and other relevant usage measures. Due to the integrated structure of MSCI’s business, certain costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. A segment may use the content and data produced by another segment without incurring an arm’s-length intersegment charge. The CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on an operating segment basis. Operating segments do not record intersegment revenue, and, accordingly, there is none to be reported. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for MSCI as a whole. The Company has four operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Real Estate. The Index operating segment is primarily a provider of equity indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including index-linked product creation and performance benchmarking, as well as portfolio construction and rebalancing and asset allocation. The Analytics operating segment offers risk management, performance attribution and portfolio management content, applications and services that provide clients with an integrated view of risk and return and an analysis of market, credit, liquidity and counterparty risk across all major asset classes, spanning short, medium and long-term time horizons. Clients access Analytics content through MSCI’s own proprietary applications and application programming interfaces, or through third party applications or directly on their own platforms. The Analytics operating segment also provides various managed services to help clients operate more efficiently as well as address the needs of certain specialized areas of the investment community by providing a reporting service and performance reporting tools to institutional consultants and investors in hedge funds. The ESG operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how ESG factors can impact the long-term risk of their investments. In addition, MSCI ESG Research data and ratings are used in the construction of equity and fixed income indexes to help institutional investors more effectively benchmark ESG investment performance, issue index-based investment products, as well as manage, measure and report on ESG mandates. The Real Estate operating segment includes research, reporting, market data and benchmarking offerings that provide real estate performance analysis for funds, investors and managers. Real Estate performance and risk analytics range from enterprise-wide to property-specific analysis. The Real Estate operating segment also provides business intelligence to real estate owners, managers, developers and brokers worldwide. The operating segments of ESG and Real Estate do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other for disclosure purposes. The following table presents operating revenue by reportable segment for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (in thousands) Operating revenues Index $ 225,550 $ 212,934 $ 440,323 $ 414,848 Analytics 123,681 119,119 245,116 238,106 All Other 36,327 30,993 71,500 61,408 Total $ 385,558 $ 363,046 $ 756,939 $ 714,362 The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (in thousands) Index Adjusted EBITDA $ 163,915 $ 157,516 $ 316,126 $ 303,446 Analytics Adjusted EBITDA 39,071 36,327 75,469 69,920 All Other Adjusted EBITDA 8,810 6,582 17,908 13,768 Total operating segment profitability 211,796 200,425 409,503 387,134 2016 multi-year MSUs grant payroll tax expense — — 15,389 — Amortization of intangible assets 12,013 19,537 23,806 30,875 Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements 7,405 7,377 15,255 15,582 Operating income 192,378 173,511 355,053 340,677 Other expense (income), net 32,633 17,188 67,016 44,916 Provision for income taxes 34,055 39,494 (15,845 ) 63,840 Net income $ 125,690 $ 116,829 $ 303,882 $ 231,921 Revenue by geography is based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents revenue by geographic area for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (in thousands) Operating revenues Americas: United States $ 173,228 $ 166,020 $ 339,414 $ 330,855 Other 16,808 13,528 32,791 28,411 Total Americas 190,036 179,548 372,205 359,266 Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"): United Kingdom 58,921 53,769 114,128 106,702 Other 81,088 76,710 157,723 149,397 Total EMEA 140,009 130,479 271,851 256,099 Asia & Australia: Japan 16,719 17,187 34,667 32,369 Other 38,794 35,832 78,216 66,628 Total Asia & Australia 55,513 53,019 112,883 98,997 Total $ 385,558 $ 363,046 $ 756,939 $ 714,362 Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment, leasehold improvements, goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated: As of June 30, December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Long-lived assets Americas: United States $ 1,788,392 $ 1,803,321 Other 6,408 6,560 Total Americas 1,794,800 1,809,881 EMEA: United Kingdom 79,266 80,039 Other 17,297 19,369 Total EMEA 96,563 99,408 Asia & Australia: Japan 407 411 Other 7,920 7,741 Total Asia & Australia 8,327 8,152 Total $ 1,899,690 $ 1,917,441 |