Segment Information | 11. SEGMENT INFORMATION ASC Subtopic 280-10, “Segment Reporting,” The CODM measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including the impact related to the vesting of the 2016 multi-year MSUs, that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows. The Company’s computation of segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures computed by other companies because all companies do not calculate segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion. Operating revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular segment are based upon allocation methodologies, including time estimates, revenue, headcount, sales targets, data center consumption and other relevant usage measures. Due to the integrated structure of MSCI’s business, certain costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. A segment may use the content and data produced by another segment without incurring an arm’s-length intersegment charge. The CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on an operating segment basis. Operating segments do not record intersegment revenue, and, accordingly, there is none to be reported. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for MSCI as a whole. The Company has four operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Real Estate. The Index operating segment is primarily a provider of equity indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including index-linked product creation and performance benchmarking, as well as portfolio construction and rebalancing and asset allocation. The Analytics operating segment offers risk management, performance attribution and portfolio management content, applications and services that provide clients with an integrated view of risk and return and an analysis of market, credit, liquidity and counterparty risk across all major asset classes, spanning short, medium and long-term time horizons. Clients access Analytics content through MSCI’s own proprietary applications and application programming interfaces, or through third party applications or directly on their own platforms. The Analytics operating segment also provides various managed services to help clients operate more efficiently as well as to address the needs of certain specialized areas of the investment community by providing a reporting service and performance reporting tools to institutional consultants and investors in hedge funds. The ESG operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how ESG factors can impact the long-term risk of their investments. In addition, MSCI ESG Research data and ratings are used in the construction of equity and fixed income indexes to help institutional investors more effectively benchmark ESG investment performance, issue index-based investment products, as well as manage, measure and report on ESG mandates. The Real Estate operating segment includes research, reporting, market data and benchmarking offerings that provide real estate performance analysis for funds, investors and managers. Real Estate performance and risk analytics range from enterprise-wide to property-specific analysis. The Real Estate operating segment also provides business intelligence to real estate owners, managers, developers and brokers worldwide. The operating segments of ESG and Real Estate do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other for disclosure purposes. The following table presents operating revenue by reportable segment for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (in thousands) Operating revenues Index $ 237,427 $ 210,194 $ 677,750 $ 625,042 Analytics 123,603 119,898 368,719 358,004 All Other 33,221 27,842 104,721 89,250 Total $ 394,251 $ 357,934 $ 1,151,190 $ 1,072,296 The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (in thousands) Index Adjusted EBITDA $ 177,680 $ 154,477 $ 493,806 $ 457,923 Analytics Adjusted EBITDA 37,797 37,046 113,266 106,966 All Other Adjusted EBITDA 5,312 4,014 23,220 17,782 Total operating segment profitability 220,789 195,537 630,292 582,671 2016 multi-year MSUs grant payroll tax expense — — 15,389 — Amortization of intangible assets 12,361 11,681 36,167 42,556 Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements 7,209 7,453 22,464 23,035 Operating income 201,219 176,403 556,272 517,080 Other expense (income), net 32,471 29,557 99,487 74,473 Provision for income taxes 31,765 23,014 15,920 86,854 Net income $ 136,983 $ 123,832 $ 440,865 $ 355,753 Revenue by geography is based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents revenue by geographic area for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (in thousands) Operating revenues Americas: United States $ 177,154 $ 167,415 $ 516,568 $ 498,270 Other 15,878 15,118 48,669 43,529 Total Americas 193,032 182,533 565,237 541,799 Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"): United Kingdom 60,856 52,997 174,984 159,699 Other 80,022 69,602 237,745 218,999 Total EMEA 140,878 122,599 412,729 378,698 Asia & Australia: Japan 18,171 16,572 52,838 48,941 Other 42,170 36,230 120,386 102,858 Total Asia & Australia 60,341 52,802 173,224 151,799 Total $ 394,251 $ 357,934 $ 1,151,190 $ 1,072,296 Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment, leasehold improvements, goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated: As of September 30, December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Long-lived assets Americas: United States $ 1,784,628 $ 1,803,321 Other 6,397 6,560 Total Americas 1,791,025 1,809,881 EMEA: United Kingdom 76,431 80,039 Other 16,948 19,369 Total EMEA 93,379 99,408 Asia & Australia: Japan 378 411 Other 7,653 7,741 Total Asia & Australia 8,031 8,152 Total $ 1,892,435 $ 1,917,441 |