Segment Information | 11. SEGMENT INFORMATION ASC Subtopic 280-10, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or CODM, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. MSCI’s Chief Executive Officer and its President and Chief Operating Officer, who are together considered to be its CODM, review financial information presented on an operating segment basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The CODM measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including the impact related to the vesting of the 2016 Multi-Year PSUs, that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows. The Company’s computation of segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies because all companies do not calculate segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion. Operating revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular segment are based upon allocation methodologies, including time estimates, revenue, headcount, sales targets, data center consumption and other relevant usage measures. Due to the integrated structure of MSCI’s business, certain costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. A segment may use the content and data produced by another segment without incurring an arm’s-length intersegment charge. The CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on an operating segment basis. Operating segments do not record intersegment revenues, and, accordingly, there is none to be reported. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for MSCI as a whole. The Company has five operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG, Real Estate and The Burgiss Group, LLC (“Burgiss”). The Index operating segment is a provider of primarily equity indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including index-linked product creation (e.g., ETFs and futures and options), performance benchmarking, portfolio construction and rebalancing, broker-dealer structured products and asset allocation. The Analytics operating segment offers risk management, performance attribution and portfolio management content, applications and services that provide clients with an integrated view of risk and return and an analysis of market, credit, liquidity and counterparty risk across all major asset classes, spanning short-, medium- and long-term time horizons. Clients access Analytics content through MSCI’s own proprietary applications and application programming interfaces, third-party applications or directly through their own platforms. Additionally, the Analytics operating segment also provides various managed services to help clients operate more efficiently, including consolidation of client portfolio data from various sources, review and reconciliation of input data and results, and customized reporting. The ESG operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how ESG considerations can impact the long-term risk and return of their portfolio and individual security-level investments. In addition, MSCI ESG Research data and ratings are used in the construction of equity and fixed income indexes to help institutional investors more effectively benchmark ESG investment performance, issue index-based investment products, as well as manage, measure and report on ESG mandates. The Real Estate operating segment offers research, reporting, market data and benchmarking offerings that provide real estate performance analysis for funds, investors and managers. Real Estate performance and risk analytics range from enterprise-wide to property-specific analysis. The Real Estate operating segment also provides business intelligence to real estate owners, managers, developers and brokers worldwide. The Burgiss operating segment represents the Company’s equity method investment in Burgiss, a global provider of investment decision support tools for private capital. See Note 12, “Equity Method Investments,” for further information. The operating segments of ESG, Real Estate and Burgiss do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other for disclosure purposes. Burgiss is an equity-method investment, therefore, the All Other segment does not include the Company’s proportionate share of operating revenues and Adjusted EBITDA related to Burgiss. The Company’s proportionate share of Burgiss’s equity earnings is not a component of Adjusted EBITDA as it is reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. The following table presents operating revenue by reportable segment for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 (in thousands) Operating revenues Index $ 242,908 $ 225,550 $ 492,164 $ 440,323 Analytics 127,563 123,681 253,071 245,116 All Other 39,145 36,327 81,161 71,500 Total $ 409,616 $ 385,558 $ 826,396 $ 756,939 The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 (in thousands) Index Adjusted EBITDA $ 183,256 $ 163,915 $ 366,843 $ 316,126 Analytics Adjusted EBITDA 46,167 39,071 82,484 75,469 All Other Adjusted EBITDA 7,277 8,810 16,600 17,908 Total operating segment profitability 236,700 211,796 465,927 409,503 2016 Multi-Year PSUs grant payroll tax expense — — — 15,389 Amortization of intangible assets 14,062 12,013 27,838 23,806 Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements 7,463 7,405 15,030 15,255 Operating income 215,175 192,378 423,059 355,053 Other expense (income), net 76,008 32,633 121,043 67,016 Provision for income taxes 24,044 34,055 38,768 (15,845 ) Net income $ 115,123 $ 125,690 $ 263,248 $ 303,882 Revenue by geography is based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents revenue by geographic area for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 (in thousands) Operating revenues Americas: United States $ 175,819 $ 173,228 $ 356,865 $ 339,414 Other 16,891 16,808 34,647 32,791 Total Americas 192,710 190,036 391,512 372,205 Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"): United Kingdom 62,826 58,921 127,887 114,128 Other 90,209 81,088 178,138 157,723 Total EMEA 153,035 140,009 306,025 271,851 Asia & Australia: Japan 19,725 16,719 39,117 34,667 Other 44,146 38,794 89,742 78,216 Total Asia & Australia 63,871 55,513 128,859 112,883 Total $ 409,616 $ 385,558 $ 826,396 $ 756,939 Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment, leasehold improvements, goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated: As of June 30, December 31, 2020 2019 (in thousands) Long-lived assets Americas: United States $ 1,763,824 $ 1,781,667 Other 5,081 6,398 Total Americas 1,768,905 1,788,065 EMEA: United Kingdom 75,112 81,338 Other 36,219 36,433 Total EMEA 111,331 117,771 Asia & Australia: Japan 337 398 Other 9,124 8,829 Total Asia & Australia 9,461 9,227 Total $ 1,889,697 $ 1,915,063 |