Mortgage-Backed Securities | Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company classifies its Non-Agency RMBS as senior, senior IO, subordinated, or subordinated IO. The Company also invests in Agency residential, commercial and IO MBS. Senior interests in Non-Agency RMBS are considered to be entitled to the first principal repayments in their pro-rata ownership interests at the acquisition date. The tables below present amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gain/losses of Company's MBS investments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 . December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Principal or Notional Value Total Premium Total Discount Amortized Cost Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,386,049 $ 537 $ (1,112,368 ) $ 1,274,218 $ 1,943,124 $ 669,356 $ (450 ) $ 668,906 Senior, interest-only 5,667,198 286,942 — 286,942 254,890 31,123 (63,175 ) (32,052 ) Subordinated 394,037 8,642 (179,669 ) 223,010 276,467 53,702 (245 ) 53,457 Subordinated, interest-only 221,549 9,932 — 9,932 11,649 2,000 (283 ) 1,717 Agency MBS Residential 8,984,249 221,606 — 9,205,855 9,174,382 51,986 (83,459 ) (31,473 ) Commercial 2,895,679 61,727 (4,469 ) 2,952,937 2,881,222 6,303 (78,018 ) (71,715 ) Interest-only 3,028,572 136,026 — 136,026 133,346 1,986 (4,666 ) (2,680 ) Total $ 23,577,333 $ 725,412 $ (1,296,506 ) $ 14,088,920 $ 14,675,080 $ 816,456 $ (230,296 ) $ 586,160 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Principal or Notional Value Total Premium Total Discount Amortized Cost Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,733,926 $ 540 $ (1,257,103 ) $ 1,477,363 $ 2,231,415 $ 754,234 $ (182 ) $ 754,052 Senior, interest-only 4,862,461 262,996 — 262,996 210,850 15,761 (67,907 ) (52,146 ) Subordinated 501,455 10,571 (177,206 ) 334,820 401,225 66,704 (299 ) 66,405 Subordinated, interest-only 201,378 7,369 — 7,369 7,826 902 (445 ) 457 Agency MBS Residential 2,227,128 123,245 — 2,350,373 2,322,180 5,706 (33,899 ) (28,193 ) Commercial 1,894,594 47,430 (4,685 ) 1,937,339 1,938,281 17,041 (16,099 ) 942 Interest-only 3,021,840 111,277 — 111,277 104,367 834 (7,744 ) (6,910 ) Total $ 15,442,782 $ 563,428 $ (1,438,994 ) $ 6,481,537 $ 7,216,144 $ 861,182 $ (126,575 ) $ 734,607 The table below presents changes in accretable yield, or the excess of the security’s cash flows expected to be collected over the Company’s investment, solely as it pertains to the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio accounted for according to the provisions of ASC 310-30. For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 1,303,589 $ 1,550,110 Purchases 43,866 20,962 Yield income earned (231,205 ) (266,214 ) Reclassification (to) from non-accretable difference 157,117 18,909 Sales and deconsolidation (25,058 ) (20,178 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,248,309 $ 1,303,589 The table below presents the outstanding principal balance and related amortized cost at December 31, 2018 and 2017 as it pertains to the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio accounted for according to the provisions of ASC 310-30. For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Outstanding principal balance: Beginning of period $ 2,673,350 $ 3,138,265 End of period $ 2,325,154 $ 2,673,350 Amortized cost: Beginning of period $ 1,381,839 $ 1,695,079 End of period $ 1,158,291 $ 1,381,839 The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s RMBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . All securities in an unrealized loss position have been evaluated by the Company for OTTI as discussed in Note 2(d). December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Unrealized Loss Position for Less than 12 Months Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or More Total Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ — $ — — $ 33,303 $ (450 ) 1 $ 33,303 $ (450 ) 1 Senior, interest-only 34,236 (4,276 ) 29 95,108 (58,899 ) 91 129,344 (63,175 ) 120 Subordinated 13,404 (245 ) 7 — — 8 13,404 (245 ) 15 Subordinated, interest-only 2,104 (158 ) 2 303 (125 ) 1 2,407 (283 ) 3 Agency MBS Residential 779,322 (6,220 ) 17 1,809,566 (77,239 ) 114 2,588,888 (83,459 ) 131 Commercial 1,697,555 (56,382 ) 548 504,570 (21,636 ) 183 2,202,125 (78,018 ) 731 Interest-only 5,769 (48 ) 2 41,659 (4,618 ) 17 47,428 (4,666 ) 19 Total $ 2,532,390 $ (67,329 ) 605 $ 2,484,509 $ (162,967 ) 415 $ 5,016,899 $ (230,296 ) 1,020 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Unrealized Loss Position for Less than 12 Months Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or More Total Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 35,229 $ (182 ) 1 $ — $ — — $ 35,229 $ (182 ) 1 Senior, interest-only 28,129 (1,724 ) 27 120,120 (66,183 ) 120 148,249 (67,907 ) 147 Subordinated 235 (38 ) 7 6,261 (261 ) 5 6,496 (299 ) 12 Subordinated, interest-only — — — 945 (445 ) 3 945 (445 ) 3 Agency MBS Residential 660,103 (5,197 ) 21 1,471,464 (28,702 ) 93 2,131,567 (33,899 ) 114 Commercial 830,889 (11,695 ) 176 161,980 (4,404 ) 91 992,869 (16,099 ) 267 Interest-only 15,142 (641 ) 7 57,875 (7,103 ) 24 73,017 (7,744 ) 31 Total $ 1,569,727 $ (19,477 ) 239 $ 1,818,645 $ (107,098 ) 336 $ 3,388,372 $ (126,575 ) 575 At December 31, 2018 , the Company did not intend to sell any of its RMBS that were in an unrealized loss position, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these RMBS before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. With respect to RMBS held by consolidated VIEs, the ability of any entity to cause the sale by the VIE prior to the maturity of these RMBS is either expressly prohibited, not probable, or is limited to specified events of default, none of which have occurred as of December 31, 2018 . Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency residential and commercial MBS (excluding Agency MBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings) were $95 million and $41 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Given the inherent credit quality of Agency MBS, the Company does not consider any of the current impairments on its Agency MBS to be credit related. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell any impaired security before its anticipated recovery, which may be at their maturity, the Company considers the significance of each investment, the amount of impairment, the projected future performance of such impaired securities, as well as the Company’s current and anticipated leverage capacity and liquidity position. Based on these analyses, the Company determined that at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , unrealized losses on its Agency MBS were temporary. Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS (excluding Non-Agency MBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings) were $601 thousand and $283 thousand at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Based upon the most recent evaluation, the Company does not consider these unrealized losses to be indicative of OTTI and does not believe that these unrealized losses are credit related, but rather are due to other factors. The Company has reviewed its Non-Agency RMBS that are in an unrealized loss position to identify those securities with losses that are other-than-temporary based on an assessment of changes in cash flows expected to be collected for such RMBS, which considers recent bond performance and expected future performance of the underlying collateral. A summary of the OTTI included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 are presented below. For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Total other-than-temporary impairment losses $ (2,556 ) $ (5,169 ) $ (9,589 ) Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (19,235 ) (56,687 ) (48,398 ) Net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses $ (21,791 ) $ (61,856 ) $ (57,987 ) The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of OTTI on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS for which a portion of loss was recognized in OCI. The table delineates between those securities that are recognizing OTTI for the first time as opposed to those that have previously recognized OTTI. For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Cumulative credit loss beginning balance $ 591,521 $ 556,485 $ 529,112 Additions: Other-than-temporary impairments not previously recognized 9,379 12,669 25,959 Reductions for securities sold or deconsolidated during the period (9,169 ) (12,405 ) (9,429 ) Increases related to other-than-temporary impairments on securities with previously recognized other-than-temporary impairments 12,412 47,211 32,027 Reductions for increases in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining life of the securities (16,944 ) (12,439 ) (21,184 ) Cumulative credit impairment loss ending balance $ 587,199 $ 591,521 $ 556,485 Cash flows generated to determine net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses recognized in earnings are estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The significant inputs used to measure the component of OTTI recognized in earnings for the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS for the periods reported are summarized as follows: For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Loss Severity Weighted Average 59% 64% Range 5% - 132% 28% - 89% 60+ days delinquent Weighted Average 13% 21% Range 0% - 30% 11% - 27% Credit Enhancement (1) Weighted Average 14% 16% Range 0% - 55% 0% - 50% 3 Month CPR Weighted Average 10% 10% Range 0% - 39% 0% - 24% 12 Month CPR Weighted Average 11% 11% Range 1% - 28% 1% - 19% (1) Calculated as the combined credit enhancement to the Re-REMIC and underlying from each of their respective capital structures. The following tables present a summary of unrealized gains and losses at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Loss Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 669,356 $ — $ 669,356 $ (450 ) $ — $ (450 ) Senior, interest-only — 31,123 31,123 — (63,175 ) (63,175 ) Subordinated 50,235 3,467 53,702 (151 ) (94 ) (245 ) Subordinated, interest-only — 2,000 2,000 — (283 ) (283 ) Agency MBS Residential 1,708 50,278 51,986 (59,552 ) (23,907 ) (83,459 ) Commercial 811 5,492 6,303 (35,125 ) (42,893 ) (78,018 ) Interest-only — 1,986 1,986 — (4,666 ) (4,666 ) Total $ 722,110 $ 94,346 $ 816,456 $ (95,278 ) $ (135,018 ) $ (230,296 ) December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Loss Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 754,234 $ — $ 754,234 $ (182 ) $ — $ (182 ) Senior, interest-only — 15,761 15,761 — (67,907 ) (67,907 ) Subordinated 62,989 3,715 66,704 (102 ) (197 ) (299 ) Subordinated, interest-only — 902 902 — (445 ) (445 ) Agency MBS Residential 5,706 — 5,706 (29,083 ) (4,816 ) (33,899 ) Commercial 15,462 1,579 17,041 (12,122 ) (3,977 ) (16,099 ) Interest-only — 834 834 — (7,744 ) (7,744 ) Total $ 838,391 $ 22,791 $ 861,182 $ (41,489 ) $ (85,086 ) $ (126,575 ) Changes in prepayments, actual cash flows, and cash flows expected to be collected, among other items, are affected by the collateral characteristics of each asset class. The Company chooses assets for the portfolio after carefully evaluating each investment’s risk profile. The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s MBS portfolio at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . December 31, 2018 Principal or Notional Value Weighted Average Amortized Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,386,049 $ 53.40 $ 81.44 5.0 % 19.5 % Senior, interest-only 5,667,198 5.06 4.50 1.2 % 8.4 % Subordinated 394,037 56.60 70.16 4.0 % 9.9 % Subordinated, interest-only 221,549 4.48 5.26 1.1 % 16.4 % Agency MBS Residential pass-through 8,984,249 102.47 102.12 4.0 % 3.6 % Commercial pass-through 2,895,679 101.98 99.50 3.6 % 3.4 % Interest-only 3,028,572 4.49 4.40 0.8 % 4.3 % (1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end. December 31, 2017 Principal or Notional Value at Period-End Weighted Average Amortized Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,733,926 $ 54.04 $ 81.62 4.6 % 16.7 % Senior, interest-only 4,862,461 5.41 4.34 1.3 % 8.0 % Subordinated 501,455 66.77 80.01 4.1 % 9.6 % Subordinated, interest-only 201,378 3.66 3.89 0.8 % 11.8 % Agency MBS Residential pass-through 2,227,128 105.53 104.27 3.8 % 2.9 % Commercial pass-through 1,894,594 102.26 102.31 3.6 % 3.2 % Interest-only 3,021,840 3.68 3.45 0.7 % 3.4 % (1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end. The following table presents the weighted average credit rating of the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 based on fair value. We believe fair value provides an improved representation of the credit rating distribution of the Company's Non-Agency RMBS portfolio. December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 AAA 0.5 % — % AA 0.1 % — % A 0.3 % — % BBB 0.4 % 0.5 % BB 3.6 % 0.7 % B 1.1 % 0.6 % Below B or not rated 94.0 % 98.2 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Actual maturities of MBS are generally shorter than the stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of the Company’s MBS are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages, periodic payments of principal and prepayments of principal. The following tables provide a summary of the fair value and amortized cost of the Company’s MBS at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 according to their estimated weighted-average life classifications. The weighted-average lives of the MBS in the tables below are based on lifetime expected prepayment rates using an industry prepayment model for the Agency MBS portfolio and the Company’s prepayment assumptions for the Non-Agency RMBS. The prepayment model considers current yield, forward yield, steepness of the interest rate curve, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loan, loan age, margin, and volatility. December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Life Less than one year Greater than one year and less than five years Greater than five years and less than ten years Greater than ten years Total Fair value Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 7,611 $ 357,543 $ 946,536 $ 631,434 $ 1,943,124 Senior interest-only 1,189 38,407 96,401 118,893 254,890 Subordinated — 39,825 43,744 192,898 276,467 Subordinated interest-only — 303 9,321 2,025 11,649 Agency MBS Residential — 640,713 8,524,211 9,458 9,174,382 Commercial — 15,468 28,205 2,837,549 2,881,222 Interest-only 65,675 48,580 19,091 — 133,346 Total fair value $ 74,475 $ 1,140,839 $ 9,667,509 $ 3,792,257 $ 14,675,080 Amortized cost Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 7,522 $ 277,025 $ 585,187 $ 404,484 $ 1,274,218 Senior interest-only 2,250 46,944 111,538 126,210 286,942 Subordinated — 29,487 26,036 167,487 223,010 Subordinated interest-only — 428 7,358 2,146 9,932 Agency MBS Residential — 645,368 8,550,766 9,721 9,205,855 Commercial — 15,543 29,447 2,907,947 2,952,937 Interest-only 64,185 53,076 18,765 — 136,026 Total amortized cost $ 73,957 $ 1,067,871 $ 9,329,097 $ 3,617,995 $ 14,088,920 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Life Less than one year Greater than one year and less than five years Greater than five years and less than ten years Greater than ten years Total Fair value Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,179 $ 681,086 $ 910,234 $ 637,916 $ 2,231,415 Senior interest-only 19 54,107 72,702 84,022 210,850 Subordinated — 75,495 121,555 204,175 401,225 Subordinated interest-only — 7,165 661 — 7,826 Agency MBS Residential — 21,777 2,300,403 — 2,322,180 Commercial — 45,770 16,559 1,875,952 1,938,281 Interest-only — 74,490 25,271 4,606 104,367 Total fair value $ 2,198 $ 959,890 $ 3,447,385 $ 2,806,671 $ 7,216,144 Amortized cost Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,124 $ 493,965 $ 569,458 $ 411,816 $ 1,477,363 Senior interest-only 1,271 73,758 94,145 93,822 262,996 Subordinated — 61,987 91,044 181,789 334,820 Subordinated interest-only — 6,355 1,014 — 7,369 Agency MBS Residential — 22,069 2,328,304 — 2,350,373 Commercial — 47,170 17,176 1,872,993 1,937,339 Interest-only — 79,356 27,582 4,339 111,277 Total amortized cost $ 3,395 $ 784,660 $ 3,128,723 $ 2,564,759 $ 6,481,537 The Non-Agency RMBS portfolio is subject to credit risk. The Non-Agency RMBS portfolio is primarily collateralized by Alt-A first lien mortgages. An Alt-A mortgage is a type of U.S. mortgage that, for various reasons, is considered riskier than A-paper, or prime, and less risky than subprime, the riskiest category. Alt-A interest rates, which are determined by credit risk, therefore tend to be between those of prime and subprime home loans. Typically, Alt-A mortgages are characterized by borrowers with less than full documentation, lower credit scores and higher loan-to-value ratios. At origination of the loan, Alt-A mortgage securities are defined as Non-Agency RMBS where (i) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (ii) the FICO scores are greater than 720 and RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , 71% and 66% of the Non-Agency RMBS collateral was classified as Alt-A, respectively. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , 12% and 13% of the Non-Agency RMBS collateral was classified as prime, respectively. The remaining Non-Agency RMBS collateral is classified as subprime. The Non-Agency RMBS in the Portfolio have the following collateral characteristics at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Weighted average maturity (years) 21.3 20.7 Weighted average amortized loan to value (1) 62.9 % 64.4 % Weighted average FICO (2) 708 697 Weighted average loan balance (in thousands) $ 308 $ 314 Weighted average percentage owner occupied 85.7 % 84.4 % Weighted average percentage single family residence 63.8 % 66.3 % Weighted average current credit enhancement 1.4 % 2.2 % Weighted average geographic concentration of top four states CA 33.8 % CA 31.7 % FL 7.7 % NY 8.5 % NY 7.4 % FL 8.3 % NJ 2.1 % NJ 2.7 % (1) Value represents appraised value of the collateral at the time of loan origination. (2) FICO as determined at the time of loan origination. The table below presents the origination year of the underlying loans related to the Company’s portfolio of Non-Agency RMBS at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 based on fair value. We believe fair value provides an improved representation of the origination years of the Company's Non-Agency RMBS portfolio. Origination Year December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 2003 and prior 1.3 % 1.6 % 2004 1.7 % 0.9 % 2005 12.9 % 12.5 % 2006 49.8 % 46.4 % 2007 31.0 % 36.5 % 2008 and later 3.3 % 2.1 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Gross realized gains and losses are recorded in “Net realized gains (losses) on sales of investments” on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The proceeds and gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales of investments for the year ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 are as follows: For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Proceeds from sales $ 116,975 $ 812,005 $ 2,719,329 Gross realized gains 7,547 17,538 28,572 Gross realized losses (10,391 ) (8,415 ) (10,417 ) Net realized gain (loss) $ (2,844 ) $ 9,123 $ 18,155 Included in the net realized gains for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the table above are exchanges of securities with a fair value of $81 million . The Company exchanged its investment in a Re-REMIC security for the underlying collateral supporting the group related to the exchanged asset. These exchanges were treated as non-cash sales and purchases and resulted in a net realized gain of $3 million , reflected in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018 . For the year ended December 31, 2017 , the fair value of these exchanges of securities was $63 million , and resulted in a realized gain of $9 million . |