Mortgage-Backed Securities | Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company classifies its Non-Agency RMBS as senior, senior IO, subordinated, or subordinated IO. The Company also invests in Agency residential, commercial and IO MBS. Senior interests in Non-Agency RMBS are considered to be entitled to the first principal repayments in their pro-rata ownership interests at the acquisition date. The tables below present amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gain/losses of Company's MBS investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Principal or Notional Value Total Premium Total Discount Amortized Cost Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,105,577 $ 1,336 $ (994,843 ) $ 1,112,070 $ 1,752,045 $ 640,293 $ (318 ) $ 639,975 Senior, interest-only 7,795,886 309,533 — 309,533 296,916 47,593 (60,210 ) (12,617 ) Subordinated 808,647 10,609 (310,055 ) 509,201 589,955 81,147 (393 ) 80,754 Subordinated, interest-only 195,807 9,050 — 9,050 10,918 2,089 (221 ) 1,868 Agency MBS Residential 7,790,386 180,508 — 7,970,894 8,137,984 170,596 (3,506 ) 167,090 Commercial 3,031,643 62,600 (5,029 ) 3,089,214 3,298,306 209,372 (280 ) 209,092 Interest-only 3,206,236 182,652 — 182,652 179,033 2,212 (5,831 ) (3,619 ) Total $ 24,934,182 $ 756,288 $ (1,309,927 ) $ 13,182,614 $ 14,265,157 $ 1,153,302 $ (70,759 ) $ 1,082,543 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Principal or Notional Value Total Premium Total Discount Amortized Cost Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,386,049 $ 537 $ (1,112,368 ) $ 1,274,218 $ 1,943,124 $ 669,356 $ (450 ) $ 668,906 Senior, interest-only 5,667,198 286,942 — 286,942 254,890 31,123 (63,175 ) (32,052 ) Subordinated 394,037 8,642 (179,669 ) 223,010 276,467 53,702 (245 ) 53,457 Subordinated, interest-only 221,549 9,932 — 9,932 11,649 2,000 (283 ) 1,717 Agency MBS Residential 8,984,249 221,606 — 9,205,855 9,174,382 51,986 (83,459 ) (31,473 ) Commercial 2,895,679 61,727 (4,469 ) 2,952,937 2,881,222 6,303 (78,018 ) (71,715 ) Interest-only 3,028,572 136,026 — 136,026 133,346 1,986 (4,666 ) (2,680 ) Total $ 23,577,333 $ 725,412 $ (1,296,506 ) $ 14,088,920 $ 14,675,080 $ 816,456 $ (230,296 ) $ 586,160 The table below presents changes in accretable yield, or the excess of the security’s cash flows expected to be collected over the Company’s investment, solely as it pertains to the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio accounted for according to the provisions of ASC 310-30. For the Quarters Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 1,181,373 $ 1,266,640 $ 1,248,309 $ 1,303,590 Purchases — 4,444 — 10,178 Yield income earned (53,636 ) (57,078 ) (165,228 ) (174,595 ) Reclassification (to) from non-accretable difference (8,921 ) 32,022 36,241 113,517 Sales and deconsolidation (11,010 ) (1,733 ) (11,516 ) (8,395 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,107,806 $ 1,244,295 $ 1,107,806 $ 1,244,295 The table below presents the outstanding principal balance and related amortized cost at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 as it pertains to the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio accounted for according to ASC 310-30 guidance. For the Nine Months Ended For the Year Ended September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Outstanding principal balance: Beginning of period $ 2,325,154 $ 2,673,350 End of period $ 2,070,603 $ 2,325,154 Amortized cost: Beginning of period $ 1,158,291 $ 1,381,839 End of period $ 1,020,791 $ 1,158,291 The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s RMBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . All available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position have been evaluated by the Company for OTTI. September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Unrealized Loss Position for Less than 12 Months Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or More Total Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ — $ — — $ 31,980 $ (318 ) 1 $ 31,980 $ (318 ) 1 Senior, interest-only 65,646 (22,863 ) 43 65,254 (37,347 ) 68 130,900 (60,210 ) 111 Subordinated 19,229 (198 ) 5 1,828 (195 ) 11 21,057 (393 ) 16 Subordinated, interest-only 2,499 (221 ) 3 — — — 2,499 (221 ) 3 Agency MBS Residential 367 (3 ) 1 582,810 (3,503 ) 18 583,177 (3,506 ) 19 Commercial — — — 45,391 (280 ) 4 45,391 (280 ) 4 Interest-only 102,161 (3,433 ) 18 10,738 (2,398 ) 7 112,899 (5,831 ) 25 Total $ 189,902 $ (26,718 ) 70 $ 738,001 $ (44,041 ) 109 $ 927,903 $ (70,759 ) 179 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Unrealized Loss Position for Less than 12 Months Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or More Total Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ — $ — — $ 33,303 $ (450 ) 1 $ 33,303 $ (450 ) 1 Senior, interest-only 34,236 (4,276 ) 29 95,108 (58,899 ) 91 129,344 (63,175 ) 120 Subordinated 13,404 (245 ) 7 — — 8 13,404 (245 ) 15 Subordinated, interest-only 2,104 (158 ) 2 303 (125 ) 1 2,407 (283 ) 3 Agency MBS Residential 779,322 (6,220 ) 17 1,809,566 (77,239 ) 114 2,588,888 (83,459 ) 131 Commercial 1,697,555 (56,382 ) 548 504,570 (21,636 ) 183 2,202,125 (78,018 ) 731 Interest-only 5,769 (48 ) 2 41,659 (4,618 ) 17 47,428 (4,666 ) 19 Total $ 2,532,390 $ (67,329 ) 605 $ 2,484,509 $ (162,967 ) 415 $ 5,016,899 $ (230,296 ) 1,020 At September 30, 2019 , the Company did not intend to sell any of its RMBS that were in an unrealized loss position, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these RMBS before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. With respect to RMBS held by consolidated VIEs, the ability of any entity to cause the sale by the VIE prior to the maturity of these RMBS is either expressly prohibited, not probable, or is limited to specified events of default, none of which have occurred as of September 30, 2019 . Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency residential and commercial MBS (excluding Agency MBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings) were $1 million and $95 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Given the inherent credit quality of Agency MBS, the Company does not consider any of the current impairments on its Agency MBS to be credit related. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell any impaired security before its anticipated recovery, which may be at their maturity, the Company considers the significance of each investment, the amount of impairment, the projected future performance of such impaired securities, as well as the Company’s current and anticipated leverage capacity and liquidity position. Based on these analyses, the Company determined that at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , unrealized losses on its Agency MBS were temporary. Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS (excluding Non-Agency RMBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings) were $379 thousand and $601 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Based upon the most recent evaluation, the Company does not consider these unrealized losses to be indicative of OTTI and does not believe that these unrealized losses are credit related, but rather are due to other factors. The Company has reviewed its Non-Agency RMBS that are in an unrealized loss position to identify those securities with losses that are other-than-temporary based on an assessment of changes in cash flows expected to be collected for such RMBS, which considers recent bond performance and expected future performance of the underlying collateral. A summary of the OTTI included in earnings for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are presented below. For the Quarters Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands) Total other-than-temporary impairment losses $ — $ (772 ) $ (801 ) $ (1,871 ) Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — (6,461 ) (4,052 ) (15,651 ) Net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses $ — $ (7,233 ) $ (4,853 ) $ (17,522 ) The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of OTTI on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS for which a portion of loss was recognized in OCI. The table delineates between those securities that are recognizing OTTI for the first time as opposed to those that have previously recognized OTTI. For the Quarters Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Cumulative credit loss beginning balance $ 587,778 $ 582,661 $ 587,199 $ 591,521 Additions: Other-than-temporary impairments not previously recognized — 4,929 1,479 6,069 Reductions for securities sold or deconsolidated during the period — (1,032 ) — (5,980 ) Increases related to other-than-temporary impairments on securities with previously recognized other-than-temporary impairments — 2,304 3,375 11,453 Reductions for increases in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining life of the securities (266 ) (2,237 ) (4,541 ) (16,438 ) Cumulative credit impairment loss ending balance $ 587,512 $ 586,625 $ 587,512 $ 586,625 Cash flows generated to determine net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses recognized in earnings are estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The significant inputs used to measure the component of OTTI recognized in earnings for the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS for the periods reported are summarized as follows: For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Loss Severity Weighted Average 69% 63% Range 53% - 102% 34% - 132% 60+ days delinquent Weighted Average 8% 21% Range 2% - 18% 13% - 30% Credit Enhancement (1) Weighted Average 0% 24% Range 0% - 0% 0% - 55% 3 Month CPR Weighted Average 8% 12% Range 3% - 21% 0% - 39% 12 Month CPR Weighted Average 9% 12% Range 3% - 12% 1% - 28% (1) Calculated as the combined credit enhancement to the Re-REMIC and underlying from each of their respective capital structures. The following tables present a summary of unrealized gains and losses at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Loss Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 640,293 $ — $ 640,293 $ (318 ) $ — $ (318 ) Senior, interest-only — 47,593 47,593 — (60,210 ) (60,210 ) Subordinated 59,702 21,445 81,147 (61 ) (332 ) (393 ) Subordinated, interest-only — 2,089 2,089 — (221 ) (221 ) Agency MBS Residential 7,659 162,937 170,596 (586 ) (2,920 ) (3,506 ) Commercial 62,661 146,711 209,372 (280 ) — (280 ) Interest-only — 2,212 2,212 — (5,831 ) (5,831 ) Total $ 770,315 $ 382,987 $ 1,153,302 $ (1,245 ) $ (69,514 ) $ (70,759 ) December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Loss Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 669,356 $ — $ 669,356 $ (450 ) $ — $ (450 ) Senior, interest-only — 31,123 31,123 — (63,175 ) (63,175 ) Subordinated 50,235 3,467 53,702 (151 ) (94 ) (245 ) Subordinated, interest-only — 2,000 2,000 — (283 ) (283 ) Agency MBS Residential 1,708 50,278 51,986 (59,552 ) (23,907 ) (83,459 ) Commercial 811 5,492 6,303 (35,125 ) (42,893 ) (78,018 ) Interest-only — 1,986 1,986 — (4,666 ) (4,666 ) Total $ 722,110 $ 94,346 $ 816,456 $ (95,278 ) $ (135,018 ) $ (230,296 ) Changes in prepayments, actual cash flows, and cash flows expected to be collected, among other items, are affected by the collateral characteristics of each asset class. The Company chooses assets for the portfolio after carefully evaluating each investment’s risk profile. The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s MBS portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 Principal or Notional Value Weighted Average Amortized Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,105,577 $ 52.82 83.21 5.0 % 20.5 % Senior, interest-only 7,795,886 3.97 3.81 1.0 % 7.9 % Subordinated 808,647 62.97 72.96 3.8 % 7.5 % Subordinated, interest-only 195,807 4.62 5.58 0.9 % 15.1 % Agency MBS Residential pass-through 7,790,386 102.32 104.46 4.0 % 3.2 % Commercial pass-through 3,031,643 101.90 108.80 3.7 % 3.5 % Interest-only 3,206,236 5.70 5.58 1.1 % 3.9 % (1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end. December 31, 2018 Principal or Notional Value at Period-End Weighted Average Amortized Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,386,049 $ 53.40 $ 81.44 5.0 % 19.5 % Senior, interest-only 5,667,198 5.06 4.50 1.2 % 8.4 % Subordinated 394,037 56.60 70.16 4.0 % 9.9 % Subordinated, interest-only 221,549 4.48 5.26 1.1 % 16.4 % Agency MBS Residential pass-through 8,984,249 102.47 102.12 4.0 % 3.6 % Commercial pass-through 2,895,679 101.98 99.50 3.6 % 3.4 % Interest-only 3,028,572 4.49 4.40 0.8 % 4.3 % (1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end. The following table presents the weighted average credit rating of the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 AAA 0.6 % 0.5 % AA 0.1 % 0.1 % A 0.9 % 0.3 % BBB 1.6 % 0.4 % BB 3.8 % 3.6 % B 1.6 % 1.1 % Below B or not rated 91.4 % 94.0 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Actual maturities of MBS are generally shorter than the stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of the Company’s MBS are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages, periodic payments of principal and prepayments of principal. The following tables provide a summary of the fair value and amortized cost of the Company’s MBS at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 according to their estimated weighted-average life classifications. The weighted-average lives of the MBS in the tables below are based on lifetime expected prepayment rates using an industry prepayment model for the Agency MBS portfolio and the Company’s prepayment assumptions for the Non-Agency RMBS. The prepayment model considers current yield, forward yield, steepness of the interest rate curve, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loan, loan age, margin, and volatility. September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Life Less than one year Greater than one year and less than five years Greater than five years and less than ten years Greater than ten years Total Fair value Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 5,763 $ 297,033 $ 855,174 $ 594,075 $ 1,752,045 Senior interest-only 6 72,833 87,014 137,063 296,916 Subordinated — 40,185 111,390 438,380 589,955 Subordinated interest-only — — 8,927 1,991 10,918 Agency MBS Residential — 7,735,996 401,621 367 8,137,984 Commercial 15,995 — 29,729 3,252,582 3,298,306 Interest-only — 25,419 153,614 — 179,033 Total fair value $ 21,764 $ 8,171,466 $ 1,647,469 $ 4,424,458 $ 14,265,157 Amortized cost Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 5,731 $ 223,022 $ 525,205 $ 358,112 $ 1,112,070 Senior interest-only — 94,064 88,549 126,920 309,533 Subordinated — 26,215 95,919 387,067 509,201 Subordinated interest-only — — 6,969 2,081 9,050 Agency MBS Residential — 7,576,086 394,438 370 7,970,894 Commercial 15,958 — 29,089 3,044,167 3,089,214 Interest-only — 27,447 155,205 — 182,652 Total amortized cost $ 21,689 $ 7,946,834 $ 1,295,374 $ 3,918,717 $ 13,182,614 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Life Less than one year Greater than one year and less than five years Greater than five years and less than ten years Greater than ten years Total Fair value Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 7,611 $ 357,543 $ 946,536 $ 631,434 $ 1,943,124 Senior interest-only 1,189 38,407 96,401 118,893 254,890 Subordinated — 39,825 43,744 192,898 276,467 Subordinated interest-only — 303 9,321 2,025 11,649 Agency MBS Residential — 640,713 8,524,211 9,458 9,174,382 Commercial — 15,468 28,205 2,837,549 2,881,222 Interest-only 48,580 84,766 — 133,346 Total fair value $ 8,800 $ 1,140,839 $ 9,733,184 $ 3,792,257 $ 14,675,080 Amortized cost Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 7,522 $ 277,025 $ 585,187 $ 404,484 $ 1,274,218 Senior interest-only 2,250 46,944 111,538 126,210 286,942 Subordinated — 29,487 26,036 167,487 223,010 Subordinated interest-only — 428 7,358 2,146 9,932 Agency MBS Residential — 645,368 8,550,766 9,721 9,205,855 Commercial — 15,543 29,447 2,907,947 2,952,937 Interest-only 53,076 82,950 — 136,026 Total amortized cost $ 9,772 $ 1,067,871 $ 9,393,282 $ 3,617,995 $ 14,088,920 The Non-Agency RMBS portfolio is subject to credit risk. The Non-Agency RMBS portfolio is primarily collateralized by Alt-A first lien mortgages. An Alt-A mortgage is a type of U.S. mortgage that, for various reasons, is considered riskier than A-paper, or prime, and less risky than subprime, the riskiest category. Alt-A interest rates, which are determined by credit risk, therefore tend to be between those of prime and subprime home loans. Typically, Alt-A mortgages are characterized by borrowers with less than full documentation, lower credit scores and higher loan-to-value ratios. At origination of the loan, Alt-A mortgage securities are defined as Non-Agency RMBS where (i) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (ii) the FICO scores are greater than 720 and RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , 57% and 64% of the Non-Agency RMBS collateral was classified as Alt-A, respectively, based on fair value. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , 14% and 12% of the Non-Agency RMBS collateral was classified as prime, respectively, based on fair value. Previously issued financial statement filings were based on current face. We believe fair value provides improved representation of the credit quality of the Company's Non-Agency RMBS portfolio. The remaining Non-Agency RMBS collateral is classified as subprime. The Non-Agency RMBS in the Portfolio have the following collateral characteristics at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Weighted average maturity (years) 23.6 21.3 Weighted average amortized loan to value (1) 63.0 % 62.9 % Weighted average FICO (2) 717 708 Weighted average loan balance (in thousands) $ 325 $ 308 Weighted average percentage owner occupied 87.7 % 85.7 % Weighted average percentage single family residence 61.1 % 63.8 % Weighted average current credit enhancement 1.0 % 1.4 % Weighted average geographic concentration of top four states CA 34.2 % CA 33.8 % FL 6.6 % FL 7.7 % NY 5.9 % NY 7.4 % TX 2.5 % NJ 2.1 % (1) Value represents appraised value of the collateral at the time of loan origination. (2) FICO as determined at the time of loan origination. The table below presents the origination year of the underlying loans related to the Company’s portfolio of Non-Agency RMBS at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Origination Year September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 2003 and prior 1.4 % 1.3 % 2004 1.5 % 1.7 % 2005 11.0 % 12.9 % 2006 50.9 % 49.8 % 2007 28.2 % 31.0 % 2008 and later 7.0 % 3.3 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Gross realized gains and losses are recorded in “Net realized gains (losses) on sales of investments” on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The proceeds and gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales of investments for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows: For the Quarters Ended For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands) Proceeds from sales $ 33,437 $ 32,050 $ 1,968,906 $ 64,601 Gross realized gains 24 1,489 27,449 5,872 Gross realized losses (17 ) (7,713 ) (26,366 ) (9,929 ) Net realized gain (loss) $ 7 $ (6,224 ) $ 1,083 $ (4,057 ) Included in the gross realized gains for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 in the table above are exchanges of securities with a fair value of $7 million and $28 million . The Company exchanged its investment in a re-REMIC security for the underlying collateral supporting the group related to the exchanged asset. These exchanges were treated as non-cash sales and purchases and resulted in a realized gain of $114 thousand and $2 million , respectively, reflected in earnings for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 . There were no such exchanges during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 . |