Mortgage-Backed Securities | Mortgage-Backed Securities The Company classifies its Non-Agency RMBS as senior, subordinated, or Interest-only. The Company also invests in Agency MBS which it classifies as Agency RMBS to include residential and residential interest-only MBS and Agency CMBS to include commercial and commercial interest-only MBS. Senior interests in Non-Agency RMBS are generally entitled to the first principal repayments in their pro-rata ownership interests at the acquisition date. The tables below present amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gain/losses of Company's MBS investments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 . December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Principal or Notional Value Total Premium Total Discount Amortized Cost Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,024,564 $ 2,038 $ (953,916 ) $ 1,072,686 $ 1,700,911 $ 628,518 $ (293 ) $ 628,225 Subordinated 876,592 9,915 (332,913 ) 553,594 624,598 76,272 (5,268 ) 71,004 Interest-only 7,458,653 301,170 — 301,170 288,899 51,481 (63,752 ) (12,271 ) Agency RMBS Pass-through 6,080,547 131,023 — 6,211,570 6,362,626 152,271 (1,215 ) 151,056 Interest-only 1,539,941 139,536 — 139,536 127,667 220 (12,089 ) (11,869 ) Agency CMBS Project loans 2,621,938 52,681 (4,961 ) 2,669,658 2,801,692 132,700 (666 ) 132,034 Interest-only 1,817,246 51,140 — 51,140 49,025 586 (2,701 ) (2,115 ) Total $ 22,419,481 $ 687,503 $ (1,291,790 ) $ 10,999,354 $ 11,955,418 $ 1,042,048 $ (85,984 ) $ 956,064 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Principal or Notional Value Total Premium Total Discount Amortized Cost Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,386,049 $ 537 $ (1,112,368 ) $ 1,274,218 $ 1,943,124 $ 669,356 $ (450 ) $ 668,906 Subordinated 394,037 8,642 (179,669 ) 223,010 276,467 53,702 (245 ) 53,457 Interest-only 5,888,747 296,874 — 296,874 266,539 33,123 (63,458 ) (30,335 ) Agency RMBS Pass-through 8,984,249 221,606 — 9,205,855 9,174,382 51,986 (83,459 ) (31,473 ) Interest-only 578,284 64,185 — 64,185 65,675 1,490 — 1,490 Agency CMBS Project loans 2,895,679 61,727 (4,469 ) 2,952,937 2,881,222 6,303 (78,018 ) (71,715 ) Interest-only 2,450,288 71,841 — 71,841 67,671 496 (4,666 ) (4,170 ) Total $ 23,577,333 $ 725,412 $ (1,296,506 ) $ 14,088,920 $ 14,675,080 $ 816,456 $ (230,296 ) $ 586,160 The table below presents changes in accretable yield, or the excess of the security’s cash flows expected to be collected over the Company’s investment, solely as it pertains to the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio accounted for according to the provisions of ASC 310-30. For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 1,248,309 $ 1,303,589 Purchases — 43,866 Yield income earned (228,208 ) (231,205 ) Reclassification (to) from non-accretable difference 59,957 157,117 Sales and deconsolidation (26,378 ) (25,058 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,053,680 $ 1,248,309 The table below presents the outstanding principal balance and related amortized cost at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , as it pertains to the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio accounted for according to ASC 310-30 guidance. For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Outstanding principal balance: Beginning of period $ 2,325,154 $ 2,673,350 End of period $ 1,964,143 $ 2,325,154 Amortized cost: Beginning of period $ 1,158,291 $ 1,381,839 End of period $ 965,546 $ 1,158,291 The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s Agency and Non-Agency MBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . All available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position have been evaluated by the Company for OTTI. December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Unrealized Loss Position for Less than 12 Months Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or More Total Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ — $ — — $ 31,635 $ (293 ) 1 $ 31,635 $ (293 ) 1 Subordinated 69,178 (5,064 ) 9 1,836 (204 ) 11 71,014 (5,268 ) 20 Interest-only 50,376 (22,737 ) 46 64,129 (41,015 ) 66 114,505 (63,752 ) 112 Agency RMBS Pass-through 11,398 (605 ) 4 67,552 (610 ) 5 78,950 (1,215 ) 9 Interest-only 121,228 (12,089 ) 22 — — — 121,228 (12,089 ) 22 Agency CMBS Project loans 41,971 (277 ) 3 44,896 (389 ) 4 86,867 (666 ) 7 Interest-only 15,045 (295 ) 6 9,930 (2,406 ) 7 24,975 (2,701 ) 13 Total $ 309,196 $ (41,067 ) 90 $ 219,978 $ (44,917 ) 94 $ 529,174 $ (85,984 ) 184 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Unrealized Loss Position for Less than 12 Months Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or More Total Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Positions Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ — $ — — $ 33,303 $ (450 ) 1 $ 33,303 $ (450 ) 1 Subordinated 13,404 (245 ) 7 — — 8 13,404 (245 ) 15 Interest-only 36,340 (4,434 ) 31 95,411 (59,024 ) 92 131,751 (63,458 ) 123 Agency RMBS Pass-through 779,322 (6,220 ) 17 1,809,566 (77,239 ) 114 2,588,888 (83,459 ) 131 Interest-only — — — — — — — — — Agency CMBS Project loans 1,697,555 (56,382 ) 548 504,570 (21,636 ) 183 2,202,125 (78,018 ) 731 Interest-only 5,769 (48 ) 2 41,659 (4,618 ) 17 47,428 (4,666 ) 19 Total $ 2,532,390 $ (67,329 ) 605 $ 2,484,509 $ (162,967 ) 415 $ 5,016,899 $ (230,296 ) 1,020 At December 31, 2019 , the Company did not intend to sell any of its Agency and Non-Agency MBS that were in an unrealized loss position, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these MBS before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. With respect to RMBS held by consolidated VIEs, the ability of any entity to cause the sale by the VIE prior to the maturity of these RMBS is either expressly prohibited, not probable, or is limited to specified events of default, none of which have occurred as of December 31, 2019 . Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency MBS (excluding Agency MBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings) were $1 million and $95 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Given the inherent credit quality of Agency MBS, the Company does not consider any of the current impairments on its Agency MBS to be credit related. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell any impaired security before its anticipated recovery, which may be at their maturity, the Company considers the significance of each investment, the amount of impairment, the projected future performance of such impaired securities, as well as the Company’s current and anticipated leverage capacity and liquidity position. Based on these analyses, the Company determined that at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , unrealized losses on its Agency MBS were temporary. Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS (excluding Non-Agency RMBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings) were $348 thousand and $601 thousand at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Based upon the most recent evaluation, the Company does not consider these unrealized losses to be indicative of OTTI and does not believe that these unrealized losses are credit related, but rather are due to other factors. The Company has reviewed its Non-Agency RMBS that are in an unrealized loss position to identify those securities with losses that are other-than-temporary based on an assessment of changes in cash flows expected to be collected for such RMBS, which considers recent bond performance and expected future performance of the underlying collateral. A summary of the OTTI included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 and are presented below. For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Total other-than-temporary impairment losses $ (801 ) $ (2,556 ) $ (5,169 ) Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (4,052 ) (19,235 ) (56,687 ) Net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses $ (4,853 ) $ (21,791 ) $ (61,856 ) The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of OTTI on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS for which a portion of loss was recognized in OCI. The table delineates between those securities that are recognizing OTTI for the first time as opposed to those that have previously recognized OTTI. For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Cumulative credit loss beginning balance $ 587,199 $ 591,521 $ 556,485 Additions: Other-than-temporary impairments not previously recognized 1,479 9,379 12,669 Reductions for securities sold or deconsolidated during the period (175 ) (9,169 ) (12,405 ) Increases related to other-than-temporary impairments on securities with previously recognized other-than-temporary impairments 3,375 12,412 47,211 Reductions for increases in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining life of the securities (5,593 ) (16,944 ) (12,439 ) Cumulative credit impairment loss ending balance $ 586,285 $ 587,199 $ 591,521 Cash flows generated to determine net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses recognized in earnings are estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The significant inputs used to measure the component of OTTI recognized in earnings for the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS for the periods reported are summarized as follows: For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Loss Severity Weighted Average 69% 59% Range 53% - 102% 5% - 132% 60+ days delinquent Weighted Average 8% 13% Range 2% - 18% 0% - 30% Credit Enhancement (1) Weighted Average 0% 14% Range 0% - 0% 0% - 55% 3 Month Prepay Rate Weighted Average 8% 10% Range 3% - 21% 0% - 39% 12 Month Prepay Rate Weighted Average 9% 11% Range 3% - 12% 1% - 28% (1) Calculated as the combined credit enhancement to the Re-REMIC and underlying from each of their respective capital structures. The following tables present a summary of unrealized gains and losses at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Loss Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 628,518 $ — $ 628,518 $ (293 ) $ — $ (293 ) Subordinated 57,174 19,098 76,272 (55 ) (5,213 ) (5,268 ) Interest-only — 51,481 51,481 — (63,752 ) (63,752 ) Agency RMBS Pass-through — 152,271 152,271 — (1,215 ) (1,215 ) Interest-only — 220 220 — (12,089 ) (12,089 ) Agency CMBS Project loans 23,643 109,057 132,700 (651 ) (15 ) (666 ) Interest-only — 586 586 — (2,701 ) (2,701 ) Total $ 709,335 $ 332,713 $ 1,042,048 $ (999 ) $ (84,985 ) $ (85,984 ) December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Gain Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Gross Unrealized Loss Included in Cumulative Earnings Total Gross Unrealized Loss Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 669,356 $ — $ 669,356 $ (450 ) $ — $ (450 ) Subordinated 50,235 3,467 53,702 (151 ) (94 ) (245 ) Interest-only — 33,123 33,123 — (63,458 ) (63,458 ) Agency RMBS Pass-through 1,708 50,278 51,986 (59,552 ) (23,907 ) (83,459 ) Interest-only — 1,490 1,490 — — — Agency CMBS Project loans 811 5,492 6,303 (35,125 ) (42,893 ) (78,018 ) Interest-only — 496 496 — (4,666 ) (4,666 ) Total $ 722,110 $ 94,346 $ 816,456 $ (95,278 ) $ (135,018 ) $ (230,296 ) Changes in prepayments, actual cash flows, and cash flows expected to be collected, among other items, are affected by the collateral characteristics of each asset class. The Company chooses assets for the portfolio after carefully evaluating each investment’s risk profile. The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s MBS portfolio at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . December 31, 2019 Principal or Notional Value Weighted Average Amortized Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,024,564 $ 52.98 84.01 5.0 % 20.8 % Subordinated 876,592 63.15 71.25 3.7 % 6.9 % Interest-only 7,458,653 4.04 3.87 1.1 % 8.4 % Agency RMBS Pass-through 6,080,547 102.15 104.64 4.0 % 3.4 % Interest-only 1,539,941 9.06 8.29 1.6 % 4.0 % Agency CMBS Project loans 2,621,938 101.82 106.86 3.7 % 3.6 % Interest-only 1,817,246 2.81 2.70 0.7 % 4.7 % (1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end. December 31, 2018 Principal or Notional Value at Period-End Weighted Average Amortized Weighted Average Fair Value Weighted Average Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1) Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 2,386,049 $ 53.40 $ 81.44 5.0 % 19.5 % Subordinated 394,037 56.60 70.16 4.0 % 9.9 % Interest-only 5,888,747 5.04 4.53 1.2 % 8.7 % Agency RMBS Pass-through 8,984,249 102.47 102.12 4.0 % 3.6 % Interest-only 578,284 11.10 11.36 1.5 % 5.5 % Agency CMBS Project loans 2,895,679 101.98 99.50 3.6 % 3.4 % Interest-only 2,450,288 2.93 2.76 0.6 % 3.2 % (1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end. The following table presents the weighted average credit rating of the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS portfolio at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 AAA 0.4 % 0.5 % AA 0.1 % 0.1 % A 0.9 % 0.3 % BBB 1.6 % 0.4 % BB 3.8 % 3.6 % B 1.6 % 1.1 % Below B or not rated 91.6 % 94.0 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Actual maturities of MBS are generally shorter than the stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of the Company’s MBS are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages, periodic payments of principal and prepayments of principal. The following tables provide a summary of the fair value and amortized cost of the Company’s MBS at December 31, 2019 and 2018 according to their estimated weighted-average life classifications. The weighted-average lives of the MBS in the tables below are based on lifetime expected prepayment rates using an industry prepayment model for the Agency MBS portfolio and the Company’s prepayment assumptions for the Non-Agency RMBS. The prepayment model considers current yield, forward yield, steepness of the interest rate curve, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loan, loan age, margin, and volatility. December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Life Less than one year Greater than one year and less than five years Greater than five years and less than ten years Greater than ten years Total Fair value Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 16,343 $ 450,185 $ 676,382 $ 558,001 $ 1,700,911 Subordinated — 43,796 95,973 484,829 624,598 Interest-only — 126,631 159,057 3,211 288,899 Agency RMBS Pass-through — 5,939,408 421,539 1,679 6,362,626 Interest-only — 1,614 126,053 — 127,667 Agency CMBS Project loans 15,065 — 29,385 2,757,242 2,801,692 Interest-only — 20,528 28,497 — 49,025 Total fair value $ 31,408 $ 6,582,162 $ 1,536,886 $ 3,804,962 $ 11,955,418 Amortized cost Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 15,206 $ 304,850 $ 409,958 $ 342,672 $ 1,072,686 Subordinated — 29,085 86,033 438,476 553,594 Interest-only — 150,221 148,889 2,060 301,170 Agency RMBS Pass-through — 5,796,044 414,482 1,044 6,211,570 Interest-only — 2,260 137,276 — 139,536 Agency CMBS Project loans 15,084 — 28,954 2,625,620 2,669,658 Interest-only — 22,950 28,190 — 51,140 Total amortized cost $ 30,290 $ 6,305,410 $ 1,253,782 $ 3,409,872 $ 10,999,354 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Life Less than one year Greater than one year and less than five years Greater than five years and less than ten years Greater than ten years Total Fair value Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 7,611 $ 357,543 $ 946,536 $ 631,434 $ 1,943,124 Subordinated — 39,825 43,744 192,898 276,467 Interest-only 1,189 38,710 105,722 120,918 266,539 Agency RMBS Pass-through — 640,713 8,524,211 9,458 9,174,382 Interest-only — — 65,675 — 65,675 Agency CMBS Project loans — 15,468 28,205 2,837,549 2,881,222 Interest-only — 48,580 19,091 — 67,671 Total fair value $ 8,800 $ 1,140,839 $ 9,733,184 $ 3,792,257 $ 14,675,080 Amortized cost Non-Agency RMBS Senior $ 7,522 $ 277,025 $ 585,187 $ 404,484 $ 1,274,218 Subordinated — 29,487 26,036 167,487 223,010 Interest-only 2,250 47,372 118,896 128,356 296,874 Agency RMBS Pass-through — 645,368 8,550,766 9,721 9,205,855 Interest-only — 64,185 — 64,185 Agency CMBS Project loans — 15,543 29,447 2,907,947 2,952,937 Interest-only — 53,076 18,765 — 71,841 Total amortized cost $ 9,772 $ 1,067,871 $ 9,393,282 $ 3,617,995 $ 14,088,920 The Non-Agency RMBS portfolio is subject to credit risk. The Non-Agency RMBS portfolio is primarily collateralized by Alt-A first lien mortgages. An Alt-A mortgage is a type of U.S. mortgage that, for various reasons, is considered riskier than A-paper, or prime, and less risky than subprime, the riskiest category. Alt-A interest rates, which are determined by credit risk, therefore tend to be between those of prime and subprime home loans. Typically, Alt-A mortgages are characterized by borrowers with less than full documentation, lower credit scores and higher loan-to-value ratios. At origination of the loan, Alt-A mortgage securities are defined as Non-Agency RMBS where (i) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (ii) the FICO scores are greater than 720 and RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans. At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , 58% and 64% of the Non-Agency RMBS collateral was classified as Alt-A, respectively, based on fair value. At December 31, 2019 and 2018 , 12% of the Non-Agency RMBS collateral was classified as prime, respectively, based on fair value. The remaining Non-Agency RMBS collateral is classified as subprime. The Non-Agency RMBS in the Portfolio have the following collateral characteristics at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Weighted average maturity (years) 23.6 21.3 Weighted average amortized loan to value (1) 63.2 % 62.9 % Weighted average FICO (2) 719 708 Weighted average loan balance (in thousands) $ 313 $ 308 Weighted average percentage owner occupied 80.6 % 85.7 % Weighted average percentage single family residence 60.0 % 63.8 % Weighted average current credit enhancement 1.1 % 1.4 % Weighted average geographic concentration of top four states CA 32.5 % CA 33.8 % FL 6.6 % FL 7.7 % NY 6.3 % NY 7.4 % TX 2.0 % NJ 2.1 % (1) Value represents appraised value of the collateral at the time of loan origination. (2) FICO as determined at the time of loan origination. The table below presents the origination year of the underlying loans related to the Company’s portfolio of Non-Agency RMBS at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . Origination Year December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 2003 and prior 1.3 % 1.3 % 2004 1.5 % 1.7 % 2005 10.7 % 12.9 % 2006 52.9 % 49.8 % 2007 26.6 % 31.0 % 2008 and later 7.0 % 3.3 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Gross realized gains and losses are recorded in “Net realized gains (losses) on sales of investments” on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The proceeds and gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales of investments for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 are as follows: For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Proceeds from sales: Non-Agency RMBS 38,659 100,791 68,164 Agency RMBS 2,915,545 7,064 570,195 Agency CMBS 375,489 9,120 173,646 Gross realized gains: Non-Agency RMBS 422 7,424 12,171 Agency RMBS 35,221 — 3,068 Agency CMBS 11,328 122 2,300 Gross realized losses: Non-Agency RMBS (1,445 ) (7,234 ) (20 ) Agency RMBS (24,531 ) (1,919 ) (7,740 ) Agency CMBS (2,225 ) (1,237 ) (656 ) Net realized gain (loss) $ 18,770 $ (2,844 ) $ 9,123 Included in the gross realized gains for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the table above are exchanges of securities with a fair value of $81 million . The Company exchanged its investment in a re-REMIC security for the underlying collateral supporting the group related to the exchanged asset. These exchanges were treated as non-cash sales and purchases and resulted in a net realized gain of $3 million , reflected in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018 . There were no such exchanges during the year ended December 31, 2019 . For the year ended December 31, 2017, the fair value of these exchanges of securities was $63 million , and resulted in a realized gain of $9 million . |