Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “ Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. ” The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the first quarters of 2016 or 2015 . Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value: March 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,716,156 $ 4,716,156 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 209,171 — 209,171 Asset-backed securities — 48,079 — 48,079 U.S. agency securities — 16,583 — 16,583 U.S. Treasury securities — 3,516 — 3,516 Other securities — 6,951 — 6,951 Total securities available for sale — 284,300 — 284,300 Servicing assets — — 16,964 16,964 Total assets $ — $ 284,300 $ 4,733,120 $ 5,017,420 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,713,449 $ 4,713,449 Servicing liabilities — — 2,827 2,827 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,716,276 $ 4,716,276 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,556,081 $ 4,556,081 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 215,751 — 215,751 Asset-backed securities — 54,409 — 54,409 U.S. agency securities — 16,578 — 16,578 U.S. Treasury securities — 3,485 — 3,485 Other securities — 6,988 — 6,988 Total securities available for sale — 297,211 — 297,211 Servicing assets — — 10,250 10,250 Total assets $ — $ 297,211 $ 4,566,331 $ 4,863,542 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,571,583 $ 4,571,583 Servicing liabilities — — 3,973 3,973 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,575,556 $ 4,575,556 As the Company's loans and related notes and certificates, and loan servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. Financial instruments are categorized in the Level 3 valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, the realized and unrealized gains and losses for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. Significant Unobservable Inputs The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company's Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : March 31, 2016 Range of Inputs Financial Instrument Unobservable Input Minimum Maximum Weighted- Average Loans, notes and certificates Discount rates 3.0 % 22.7 % 8.1 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 27.5 % 11.6 % Cumulative prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 44.3 % 32.6 % Servicing asset/liability Discount rates 3.5 % 21.6 % 9.0 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 27.5 % 9.7 % Cumulative prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 44.3 % 36.6 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on unpaid principal balance) (2) 0.57 % 0.90 % 0.57 % December 31, 2015 Range of Inputs Financial Instrument Unobservable Input Minimum Maximum Weighted- Average Loans, notes and certificates Discount rates 2.9 % 17.5 % 9.0 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 22.0 % 9.9 % Cumulative prepayment rates (1) 23.4 % 36.4 % 30.8 % Servicing asset/liability Discount rates 3.5 % 16.3 % 9.4 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 22.0 % 8.8 % Cumulative prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 36.4 % 30.5 % Base market servicing rates (% per annum on unpaid principal balance) (3) 0.50 % 0.75 % 0.50 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note or certificate. (2) Includes ancillary fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. (3) Excludes ancillary fees that would be passed on to a hypothetical third-party servicer. As of December 31, 2015, the market rate for ancillary fees was assumed to be 7 basis points for a weighted-average total market servicing rate of 57 basis points. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the notes and certificates' fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following table below, the fair value adjustments for loans were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes and certificates due to the payment dependent design of the notes and certificates and because the principal balances of the loans were very close to the combined principal balances of the notes and certificates. The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans, notes and certificates measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2016 and 2015 : Loans Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2015 $ 4,681,671 $ (125,590 ) $ 4,556,081 $ 4,697,169 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,571,583 Purchases of loans 2,230,288 — 2,230,288 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — 901,258 — 901,258 Whole loan sales (1,308,463 ) — (1,308,463 ) — — — Principal payments (586,159 ) — (586,159 ) (583,982 ) — (583,982 ) Charge-offs (84,991 ) 84,991 — (84,977 ) 84,977 — Recoveries — (10,191 ) (10,191 ) — (10,177 ) (10,177 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (165,400 ) (165,400 ) — (165,233 ) (165,233 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2016 $ 4,932,346 $ (216,190 ) $ 4,716,156 $ 4,929,468 $ (216,019 ) $ 4,713,449 Loans Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2014 $ 2,836,729 $ (38,224 ) $ 2,798,505 $ 2,851,837 $ (38,219 ) $ 2,813,618 Purchases of loans 1,474,972 — 1,474,972 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — 852,715 — 852,715 Whole loan sales (622,145 ) — (622,145 ) — — — Principal payments (369,379 ) — (369,379 ) (365,711 ) — (365,711 ) Charge-offs (43,821 ) 43,821 — (43,807 ) 43,807 — Recoveries — (3,472 ) (3,472 ) — (3,461 ) (3,461 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (47,820 ) (47,820 ) — (47,815 ) (47,815 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2015 $ 3,276,356 $ (45,695 ) $ 3,230,661 $ 3,295,034 $ (45,688 ) $ 3,249,346 The following table presents additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2016 and 2015 : Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 10,250 $ (3,973 ) $ 2,181 $ (3,973 ) Issuances (1) 5,631 (932 ) 1,508 (1,412 ) Changes in fair value, included in servicing fees 232 2,078 (491 ) 988 Additions, included in deferred revenue 851 — 298 — Fair value at end of period $ 16,964 $ (2,827 ) $ 3,496 $ (4,397 ) (1) Represents the offsets to the gains or losses on sales of the related loans, recorded in other revenue. A portion of the servicing fee revenue increase in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 was due to an increase in the Company's servicing asset valuation. This resulted from an increase in the Company's expected cash flows from ancillary fees (collection and recovery fees) due to contractual servicing fee increases. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Certain fair valuation adjustments recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the first quarters of 2016 and 2015 . Generally, changes in the net cumulative expected loss rates, cumulative prepayment rates, and discount rates will have an immaterial net impact on the fair value of loans, notes and certificates, and servicing assets and liabilities. Certain of these unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes and certificates, or servicing assets and liabilities, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. Separately, an increase in expected prepayments will reduce the estimated fair value of a loan, whereas a decrease in expected prepayments will increase the estimated fair value of a loan. The Company's selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviewed estimated third-party servicing rates for its loans and loans in similar credit sectors, as well as a market servicing benchmarking analysis provided by a third-party valuation firm, and determined that estimated total market servicing rates on its loans ranging from 0.57% to 0.90% per annum of outstanding principal are reasonable estimates as of March 31, 2016 and base market servicing rates on its loans, ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% per annum of outstanding principal, are reasonable estimates as of December 31, 2015 . The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions (1) 0.57 % 0.57 % 0.50 % 0.50 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (4,852 ) $ 1,235 $ (3,504 ) $ 1,589 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 4,960 $ (1,127 ) $ 3,610 $ (1,483 ) (1) Represents total market servicing rates, which include ancillary fees, at March 31, 2016 , and base market servicing rates, which exclude ancillary fees, at December 31, 2015 . As of December 31, 2015, the market rate for ancillary fees was assumed to be 7 basis points for a weighted-average total market servicing rate of 57 basis points. Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments not recorded at fair value: March 31, 2016 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 583,842 $ — $ 583,842 $ — $ 583,842 Restricted cash 104,485 — 104,485 — 104,485 Deposits 872 — 872 — 872 Total assets $ 689,199 $ — $ 689,199 $ — $ 689,199 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 1,699 $ — $ — $ 1,699 $ 1,699 Accounts payable $ 5,860 $ — $ 5,860 $ — $ 5,860 Payables to investors 71,917 — 71,917 — 71,917 Total liabilities $ 79,476 $ — $ 77,777 $ 1,699 $ 79,476 December 31, 2015 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 623,531 $ — $ 623,531 $ — $ 623,531 Restricted cash 80,733 — 80,733 — 80,733 Deposits 871 — 871 — 871 Total assets $ 705,135 $ — $ 705,135 $ — $ 705,135 Liabilities: Accounts payable $ 5,542 $ — $ 5,542 $ — $ 5,542 Payables to investors 73,162 — 73,162 — 73,162 Total liabilities $ 78,704 $ — $ 78,704 $ — $ 78,704 |