Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value: September 30, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,411,626 $ 4,411,626 Loans held for sale — — 14,744 14,744 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 190,024 — 190,024 Asset-backed securities — 31,499 — 31,499 U.S. agency securities — 19,620 — 19,620 Certificates of deposit — 17,502 — 17,502 Commercial paper — 10,007 — 10,007 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,514 — 2,514 Other securities — 7,783 — 7,783 Total securities available for sale — 278,949 — 278,949 Servicing assets — — 16,255 16,255 Total assets $ — $ 278,949 $ 4,442,625 $ 4,721,574 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,419,911 $ 4,419,911 Servicing liabilities — — 3,397 3,397 Loan Trailing Fee liability — — 3,724 3,724 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,427,032 $ 4,427,032 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,556,081 $ 4,556,081 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 215,751 — 215,751 Asset-backed securities — 54,409 — 54,409 U.S. agency securities — 16,578 — 16,578 U.S. Treasury securities — 3,485 — 3,485 Other securities — 6,988 — 6,988 Total securities available for sale — 297,211 — 297,211 Servicing assets — — 10,250 10,250 Total assets $ — $ 297,211 $ 4,566,331 $ 4,863,542 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,571,583 $ 4,571,583 Servicing liabilities — — 3,973 3,973 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,575,556 $ 4,575,556 As the Company's loans and related notes and certificates, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, and Loan Trailing Fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the first nine months of 2016 or the year ended December 31, 2015 . Significant Unobservable Inputs The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company's Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 Loans, Notes and Certificates (4) Servicing Asset/Liability Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 0.7 % 16.5 % 7.4 % 2.2 % 15.9 % 7.9 % 2.2 % 15.9 % 7.7 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 32.6 % 13.9 % 0.3 % 32.6 % 12.2 % 0.3 % 32.6 % 12.9 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 39.9 % 30.8 % 8.0 % 39.9 % 30.8 % 8.0 % 39.9 % 30.4 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) N/A N/A N/A 0.63 % 0.90 % 0.63 % N/A N/A N/A December 31, 2015 Loans, Notes and Certificates (4) Servicing Asset/Liability Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 2.9 % 17.5 % 9.0 % 3.5 % 16.3 % 9.4 % N/A N/A N/A Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 22.0 % 9.9 % 0.3 % 22.0 % 8.8 % N/A N/A N/A Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 23.4 % 36.4 % 30.8 % 8.0 % 36.4 % 30.5 % N/A N/A N/A Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (3) N/A N/A N/A 0.50 % 0.75 % 0.50 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Not applicable (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note or certificate. (2) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. (3) Excludes collection fees that would be passed on to a hypothetical third-party servicer. As of December 31, 2015, the market rate for collection fees was assumed to be 7 basis points for a weighted-average total market servicing rate of 57 basis points. (4) Includes loans held for sale. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the notes and certificates' fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables below, the fair value adjustments for loans were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes and certificates due to the payment dependent design of the notes and certificates and because the principal balances of the loans were very close to the combined principal balances of the notes and certificates. The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans, loans held for sale, notes and certificates measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarters and first nine months of 2016 and 2015 : Loans Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at June 30, 2016 $ 4,765,258 $ (341,087 ) $ 4,424,171 $ 4,755,846 $ (339,961 ) $ 4,415,885 Purchases of loans 1,740,531 — 1,740,531 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — 641,242 — 641,242 Whole loan sales (1,095,717 ) — (1,095,717 ) — — — Principal payments (605,595 ) — (605,595 ) (601,234 ) — (601,234 ) Charge-offs (112,517 ) 112,517 — (111,816 ) 111,816 — Recoveries — (10,517 ) (10,517 ) — (9,955 ) (9,955 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (26,503 ) (26,503 ) — (26,027 ) (26,027 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2016 $ 4,691,960 $ (265,590 ) $ 4,426,370 $ 4,684,038 $ (264,127 ) $ 4,419,911 Loans held for sale at September 30, 2016 $ 14,905 $ (161 ) $ 14,744 Loans at fair value at September 30, 2016 $ 4,677,055 $ (265,429 ) $ 4,411,626 Loans Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at June 30, 2015 $ 3,694,823 $ (57,440 ) $ 3,637,383 $ 3,717,556 $ (57,432 ) $ 3,660,124 Purchases of loans 1,946,455 — 1,946,455 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — 991,926 — 991,926 Whole loan sales (954,770 ) — (954,770 ) — — — Principal payments (481,701 ) — (481,701 ) (478,189 ) — (478,189 ) Charge-offs (55,365 ) 55,365 — (55,346 ) 55,346 — Recoveries — (5,919 ) (5,919 ) — (5,867 ) (5,867 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (72,474 ) (72,474 ) — (72,513 ) (72,513 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2015 $ 4,149,442 $ (80,468 ) $ 4,068,974 $ 4,175,947 $ (80,466 ) $ 4,095,481 Loans Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2015 $ 4,681,671 $ (125,590 ) $ 4,556,081 $ 4,697,169 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,571,583 Purchases of loans 5,739,419 — 5,739,419 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — 2,041,746 — 2,041,746 Whole loan sales (3,657,604 ) — (3,657,604 ) — — — Principal payments (1,786,623 ) — (1,786,623 ) (1,770,779 ) — (1,770,779 ) Charge-offs (284,903 ) 284,903 — (284,098 ) 284,098 — Recoveries — (27,451 ) (27,451 ) — (26,871 ) (26,871 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (397,452 ) (397,452 ) — (395,768 ) (395,768 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2016 $ 4,691,960 $ (265,590 ) $ 4,426,370 $ 4,684,038 $ (264,127 ) $ 4,419,911 Loans held for sale at September 30, 2016 $ 14,905 $ (161 ) $ 14,744 Loans at fair value at September 30, 2016 $ 4,677,055 $ (265,429 ) $ 4,411,626 Loans Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2014 $ 2,836,729 $ (38,224 ) $ 2,798,505 $ 2,851,837 $ (38,219 ) $ 2,813,618 Purchases of loans 5,075,044 — 5,075,044 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — 2,736,667 — 2,736,667 Whole loan sales (2,338,346 ) — (2,338,346 ) — — — Principal payments (1,280,005 ) — (1,280,005 ) (1,268,622 ) — (1,268,622 ) Charge-offs (143,980 ) 143,980 — (143,935 ) 143,935 — Recoveries — (13,729 ) (13,729 ) — (13,653 ) (13,653 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (172,495 ) (172,495 ) — (172,529 ) (172,529 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2015 $ 4,149,442 $ (80,468 ) $ 4,068,974 $ 4,175,947 $ (80,466 ) $ 4,095,481 The following tables present additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarters and first nine months of 2016 and 2015 : Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 16,126 $ 3,412 $ 5,225 $ 4,831 Issuances (1) 3,009 712 3,092 1,402 Change in fair value, included in servicing fees (2,429 ) (727 ) (1,436 ) (1,839 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue (451 ) — 368 — Fair value at end of period $ 16,255 $ 3,397 $ 7,249 $ 4,394 Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 10,250 $ 3,973 $ 2,181 $ 3,973 Issuances (1) 12,984 2,452 6,476 4,340 Change in fair value, included in servicing fees (7,092 ) (3,028 ) (2,467 ) (3,919 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 113 — 1,059 — Fair value at end of period $ 16,255 $ 3,397 $ 7,249 $ 4,394 (1) Represents the offsets to the gains or losses on sales of the related loans, recorded in other revenue. The following table presents additional information about Level 3 Loan Trailing Fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarter and first nine months of 2016 : Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Fair value at beginning of period $ 2,324 $ — Issuances 1,682 4,180 Cash payment of Loan Trailing Fee (395 ) (585 ) Change in fair value, included in origination and servicing 113 129 Fair value at end of period $ 3,724 $ 3,724 Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Certain fair valuation adjustments recorded through earnings, related to Level 3 instruments for the third quarter and first nine months of 2016 and 2015 . Generally, changes in the net cumulative expected loss rates, cumulative prepayment rates, and discount rates will have an immaterial net impact on the fair value of loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and Loan Trailing Fees. Certain of these unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and Loan Trailing Fees, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. The Company's selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviewed estimated third-party servicing rates for its loans and loans in similar credit sectors, as well as market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions (1) 0.63 % 0.63 % 0.50 % 0.50 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (4,931 ) $ 1,410 $ (3,504 ) $ 1,589 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 5,347 $ (994 ) $ 3,610 $ (1,483 ) (1) Represents total market servicing rates, which include collection fees, at September 30, 2016 , and base market servicing rates, which exclude collection fees, at December 31, 2015 . As of December 31, 2015, the market rate for collection fees was assumed to be 7 basis points for a weighted-average total market servicing rate of 57 basis points. Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments not recorded at fair value: September 30, 2016 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 520,767 $ — $ 520,767 $ — $ 520,767 Restricted cash 139,455 — 139,455 — 139,455 Servicer reserve receivable 2,565 — 2,565 — 2,565 Deposits 865 — 865 — 865 Goodwill 35,633 — — 35,633 35,633 Total assets $ 699,285 $ — $ 663,652 $ 35,633 $ 699,285 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 6,051 $ — $ — $ 6,051 $ 6,051 Accounts payable 7,651 — 7,651 — 7,651 Payables to investors 81,376 — 81,376 — 81,376 Total liabilities $ 95,078 $ — $ 89,027 $ 6,051 $ 95,078 December 31, 2015 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 623,531 $ — $ 623,531 $ — $ 623,531 Restricted cash 80,733 — 80,733 — 80,733 Deposits 871 — 871 — 871 Total assets $ 705,135 $ — $ 705,135 $ — $ 705,135 Liabilities: Accounts payable $ 5,542 $ — $ 5,542 $ — $ 5,542 Payables to investors 73,162 — 73,162 — 73,162 Total liabilities $ 78,704 $ — $ 78,704 $ — $ 78,704 |