Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value: December 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,311,984 $ 4,311,984 Loans held for sale — — 9,048 9,048 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 181,223 — 181,223 Certificates of deposit — 27,501 — 27,501 Asset-backed securities — 25,364 — 25,364 Commercial paper — 20,164 — 20,164 U.S. agency securities — 19,623 — 19,623 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,496 — 2,496 Other securities — 10,766 — 10,766 Total securities available for sale — 287,137 — 287,137 Servicing assets — — 21,398 21,398 Total assets $ — $ 287,137 $ 4,342,430 $ 4,629,567 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,320,895 $ 4,320,895 Loan Trailing Fee liability — — 4,913 4,913 Servicing liabilities — — 2,846 2,846 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,328,654 $ 4,328,654 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,556,081 $ 4,556,081 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 215,751 — 215,751 Asset-backed securities — 54,409 — 54,409 U.S. agency securities — 16,578 — 16,578 U.S. Treasury securities — 3,485 — 3,485 Other securities — 6,988 — 6,988 Total securities available for sale — 297,211 — 297,211 Servicing assets — — 10,250 10,250 Total assets $ — $ 297,211 $ 4,566,331 $ 4,863,542 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,571,583 $ 4,571,583 Servicing liabilities — — 3,973 3,973 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,575,556 $ 4,575,556 As the Company’s loans and related notes and certificates, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, and Loan Trailing Fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 . Significant Unobservable Inputs The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : December 31, 2016 Loans, Notes and Certificates Servicing Asset/Liability Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.2 % 16.6 % 7.2 % 3.4 % 15.1 % 7.8 % 3.4 % 15.0 % 7.7 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 33.9 % 14.6 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 12.8 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 13.5 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 42.7 % 30.7 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 29.3 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 28.3 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) N/A N/A N/A 0.63 % 0.90 % 0.63 % N/A N/A N/A December 31, 2015 Loans, Notes and Certificates Servicing Asset/Liability Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 2.9 % 17.5 % 9.0 % 3.5 % 16.3 % 9.4 % N/A N/A N/A Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 22.0 % 9.9 % 0.3 % 22.0 % 8.8 % N/A N/A N/A Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 23.4 % 36.4 % 30.8 % 8.0 % 36.4 % 30.5 % N/A N/A N/A Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) N/A N/A N/A 0.57 % 0.75 % 0.57 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Not applicable (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note or certificate. (2) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note and certificates' fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables below, the fair value adjustments for loans were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes and certificates due to the payment dependent design of the notes and certificates and because the principal balances of the loans were very close to the combined principal balances of the notes and certificates. The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loans, loans held for sale, notes and certificates measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Loans Loans Held For Sale Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 2,836,729 $ (38,224 ) $ 2,798,505 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,851,837 $ (38,219 ) $ 2,813,618 Purchases of loans 3,865,565 — 3,865,565 3,358,611 — 3,358,611 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — — — — 3,861,995 — 3,861,995 Whole loan sales — — (3,358,611 ) — (3,358,611 ) — — — Principal payments (1,804,719 ) — (1,804,719 ) — — — (1,800,859 ) — (1,800,859 ) Charge-offs (215,904 ) 215,904 — — — — (215,804 ) 215,804 — Recoveries — (26,256 ) (26,256 ) — — — — (26,143 ) (26,143 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (277,014 ) (277,014 ) — — — — (277,028 ) (277,028 ) Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 4,681,671 $ (125,590 ) $ 4,556,081 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,697,169 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,571,583 Purchases of loans 2,733,325 (656 ) 2,732,669 4,742,538 — 4,742,538 — — — Transfers from loans to loans held for sale (35,411 ) — (35,411 ) 35,411 — 35,411 Issuances of notes and certificates — — — — — — 2,681,109 — 2,681,109 Whole loan sales — — — (4,762,518 ) — (4,762,518 ) — — — Principal payments (2,391,807 ) — (2,391,807 ) (5,927 ) — (5,927 ) (2,385,234 ) — (2,385,234 ) Charge-offs (422,125 ) 422,125 — (159 ) 159 — (420,132 ) 420,132 — Recoveries — (37,277 ) (37,277 ) — — — — (36,785 ) (36,785 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (512,271 ) (512,271 ) — (456 ) (456 ) — (509,778 ) (509,778 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,565,653 $ (253,669 ) $ 4,311,984 $ 9,345 $ (297 ) $ 9,048 $ 4,572,912 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,320,895 The following table presents additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at December 31, 2014 $ 2,181 $ 3,973 Issuances (1) 10,079 5,194 Changes in fair value, included in servicing fees (3,803 ) (5,194 ) Additions, included in deferred revenue 1,793 — Fair value at December 31, 2015 $ 10,250 $ 3,973 Issuances (1) 16,546 3,371 Changes in fair value, included in servicing fees (5,403 ) (4,498 ) Additions, included in deferred revenue 5 — Fair value at December 31, 2016 $ 21,398 $ 2,846 (1) Represents the offsets to the gains or losses on sales of the related loans, recorded in other revenue. The following table presents additional information about the Level 3 Loan Trailing Fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2016 : Year Ended December 31, 2016 Fair value at beginning of period $ — Issuances 5,843 Cash payment of Loan Trailing Fee (1,174 ) Change in fair value, included in origination and servicing 244 Fair value at end of period $ 4,913 There was no Loan Trailing Fee liability at December 31, 2015 . Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Certain fair valuation adjustments recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 . Generally, changes in the net cumulative expected loss rates, cumulative prepayment rates, and discount rates will have an immaterial net impact on the fair value of loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and Loan Trailing Fees. Certain of these unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and Loan Trailing Fees, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. The Company’s selection of the most representative base market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviewed estimated third-party servicing rates for its loans and loans in similar credit sectors, as well as market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 : December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions (1) 0.63 % 0.63 % 0.57 % 0.57 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (5,673 ) $ 964 $ (3,504 ) $ 1,589 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 5,812 $ (825 ) $ 3,610 $ (1,483 ) (1) Represents total market servicing rates, which include collection fees. Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value: December 31, 2016 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 Restricted cash 177,810 — 177,810 — 177,810 Servicer reserve receivable 4,938 — 4,938 — 4,938 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Goodwill 35,633 — — 35,633 35,633 Total assets $ 734,838 $ — $ 699,205 $ 35,633 $ 734,838 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 10,981 $ — $ — $ 10,981 $ 10,981 Accounts payable 10,889 — 10,889 — 10,889 Payables to investors 125,884 — 125,884 — 125,884 Total liabilities $ 147,754 $ — $ 136,773 $ 10,981 $ 147,754 December 31, 2015 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 623,531 $ — $ 623,531 $ — $ 623,531 Restricted cash 80,733 — 80,733 — 80,733 Deposits 871 — 871 — 871 Total assets $ 705,135 $ — $ 705,135 $ — $ 705,135 Liabilities: Accounts payable $ 5,542 $ — $ 5,542 $ — $ 5,542 Payables to investors 73,162 — 73,162 — 73,162 Total liabilities $ 78,704 $ — $ 78,704 $ — $ 78,704 |