Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Annual Report. The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value: March 31, 2017 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,026,755 $ 4,026,755 Loans held for sale — — 9,409 9,409 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 167,187 — 167,187 Asset-backed securities — 20,094 — 20,094 U.S. agency securities — 19,621 — 19,621 Certificates of deposit — 17,000 — 17,000 Commercial paper — 15,551 — 15,551 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,495 — 2,495 Other securities — 4,992 — 4,992 Total securities available for sale — 246,940 — 246,940 Servicing assets — — 22,360 22,360 Total assets $ — $ 246,940 $ 4,058,524 $ 4,305,464 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,034,357 $ 4,034,357 Servicing liabilities — — 2,311 2,311 Loan trailing fee liability — — 5,814 5,814 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,042,482 $ 4,042,482 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,311,984 $ 4,311,984 Loans held for sale — — 9,048 9,048 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 181,223 — 181,223 Certificates of deposit — 27,501 — 27,501 Asset-backed securities — 25,364 — 25,364 Commercial paper — 20,164 — 20,164 U.S. agency securities — 19,623 — 19,623 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,496 — 2,496 Other securities — 10,766 — 10,766 Total securities available for sale — 287,137 — 287,137 Servicing assets — — 21,398 21,398 Total assets $ — $ 287,137 $ 4,342,430 $ 4,629,567 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,320,895 $ 4,320,895 Loan trailing fee liability $ — $ — $ 4,913 $ 4,913 Servicing liabilities — — 2,846 2,846 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,328,654 $ 4,328,654 Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. Since the Company's loans and related notes and certificates, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, and loan trailing fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the first quarter of 2017 or the year ended December 31, 2016 . Significant Unobservable Inputs The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company's Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : March 31, 2017 Loans, Notes and Certificates Servicing Asset/Liability Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 2.4 % 17.2 % 8.6 % 3.1 % 15.7 % 8.9 % 3.1 % 15.7 % 8.9 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.7 % 40.7 % 14.2 % 0.3 % 40.7 % 12.5 % 0.3 % 40.7 % 12.9 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 8.1 % 41.6 % 30.8 % 8.0 % 41.6 % 31.1 % 8.0 % 41.6 % 30.5 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) N/A N/A N/A 0.63 % 0.90 % 0.63 % N/A N/A N/A December 31, 2016 Loans, Notes and Certificates Servicing Asset/Liability Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.2 % 16.6 % 7.2 % 3.4 % 15.1 % 7.8 % 3.4 % 15.0 % 7.7 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 33.9 % 14.6 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 12.8 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 13.5 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 42.7 % 30.7 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 29.3 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 28.3 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) N/A N/A N/A 0.63 % 0.90 % 0.63 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Not applicable (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note or certificate. (2) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note and certificates' fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables, the fair value adjustments for loans were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes and certificates due to the payment dependent design of the notes and certificates and because the principal balances of the loans were close to the combined principal balances of the notes and certificates. The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans, loans held for sale, notes and certificates measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 : Loans Loans Held For Sale Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,565,653 $ (253,669 ) $ 4,311,984 $ 9,345 $ (297 ) $ 9,048 $ 4,572,912 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,320,895 Purchases of loans 524,416 (4 ) 524,412 1,176,155 (1 ) 1,176,154 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — — — — 523,305 — 523,305 Whole loan sales — — — (1,174,436 ) 157 (1,174,279 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (639,719 ) — (639,719 ) (1,180 ) — (1,180 ) (641,105 ) 2 (641,103 ) Charge-offs (138,098 ) 138,098 — (160 ) 160 — (136,810 ) 136,810 — Recoveries — (10,889 ) (10,889 ) — — — — (10,790 ) (10,790 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (159,033 ) (159,033 ) — (334 ) (334 ) — (157,950 ) (157,950 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2017 $ 4,312,252 $ (285,497 ) $ 4,026,755 $ 9,724 $ (315 ) $ 9,409 $ 4,318,302 $ (283,945 ) $ 4,034,357 Loans Loans Held For Sale Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2015 $ 4,681,671 $ (125,590 ) $ 4,556,081 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,697,169 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,571,583 Purchases of loans 921,825 — 921,825 1,308,463 — 1,308,463 — — — Issuances of notes and certificates — — — — — — 901,258 — 901,258 Whole loan sales — — — (1,308,463 ) — (1,308,463 ) — — — Principal payments (586,159 ) — (586,159 ) — — — (583,982 ) — (583,982 ) Charge-offs (84,991 ) 84,991 — — — — (84,977 ) 84,977 — Recoveries — (10,191 ) (10,191 ) — — — — (10,177 ) (10,177 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (165,400 ) (165,400 ) — — — — (165,233 ) (165,233 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2016 $ 4,932,346 $ (216,190 ) $ 4,716,156 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,929,468 $ (216,019 ) $ 4,713,449 The following tables present additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 : Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 21,398 $ 2,846 $ 10,250 $ 3,973 Issuances (1) 5,317 274 5,631 932 Change in fair value, included in servicing fees (4,047 ) (809 ) 232 (2,078 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue (308 ) — 851 — Fair value at end of period $ 22,360 $ 2,311 $ 16,964 $ 2,827 (1) Represents the offsets to the gains or losses on sales of the related loans, recorded in other revenue. The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loan trailing fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 : Three Months Ended 2017 2016 Fair value at beginning of period $ 4,913 $ — Issuances 1,663 1,002 Cash payment of loan trailing fee (826 ) (4 ) Change in fair value, included in origination and servicing 64 4 Fair value at end of period $ 5,814 $ 1,002 Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Fair valuation adjustments recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 . Generally, changes in the net cumulative expected loss rates, cumulative prepayment rates, and discount rates will have an immaterial net impact on the fair value of loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and loan trailing fee liability. Certain of these unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and loan trailing fee liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. The Company's selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors, and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions 0.63 % 0.63 % 0.63 % 0.63 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (5,889 ) $ 741 $ (5,673 ) $ 964 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 5,987 $ (643 ) $ 5,812 $ (825 ) Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value: March 31, 2017 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 534,451 $ — $ 534,451 $ — $ 534,451 Restricted cash 148,890 — 148,890 — 148,890 Servicer reserve receivable 4,362 — 4,362 — 4,362 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 688,558 $ — $ 688,558 $ — $ 688,558 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 11,748 $ — $ — $ 11,748 $ 11,748 Accounts payable 7,470 — 7,470 — 7,470 Payables to investors 96,131 — 96,131 — 96,131 Total liabilities $ 115,349 $ — $ 103,601 $ 11,748 $ 115,349 December 31, 2016 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 Restricted cash 177,810 — 177,810 — 177,810 Servicer reserve receivable 4,938 — 4,938 — 4,938 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 699,205 $ — $ 699,205 $ — $ 699,205 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 10,981 $ — $ — $ 10,981 $ 10,981 Accounts payable 10,889 — 10,889 — 10,889 Payables to investors 125,884 — 125,884 — 125,884 Total liabilities $ 147,754 $ — $ 136,773 $ 10,981 $ 147,754 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. |