Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “Part II – Item 8 –Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Annual Report. The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value: September 30, 2017 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 3,413,893 $ 3,413,893 Loans held for sale — — 265,925 265,925 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 123,153 — 123,153 Certificates of deposit — 25,920 — 25,920 Asset-backed securities — 15,451 — 15,451 Commercial paper — 9,981 — 9,981 U.S. agency securities — 5,001 — 5,001 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,492 — 2,492 Asset-backed securities related to Company-sponsored securitization transactions — 27,883 5,402 33,285 Other securities — 4,002 — 4,002 Total securities available for sale — 213,883 5,402 219,285 Servicing assets — — 29,621 29,621 Total assets $ — $ 213,883 $ 3,714,841 $ 3,928,724 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 3,515,578 $ 3,515,578 Servicing liabilities — — 1,231 1,231 Loan trailing fee liability — — 7,774 7,774 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 3,524,583 $ 3,524,583 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Assets: Loans $ — $ — $ 4,311,984 $ 4,311,984 Loans held for sale — — 9,048 9,048 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 181,223 — 181,223 Certificates of deposit — 27,501 — 27,501 Asset-backed securities — 25,364 — 25,364 Commercial paper — 20,164 — 20,164 U.S. agency securities — 19,623 — 19,623 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,496 — 2,496 Other securities — 10,766 — 10,766 Total securities available for sale — 287,137 — 287,137 Servicing assets — — 21,398 21,398 Total assets $ — $ 287,137 $ 4,342,430 $ 4,629,567 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,320,895 $ 4,320,895 Loan trailing fee liability — — 4,913 4,913 Servicing liabilities — — 2,846 2,846 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,328,654 $ 4,328,654 Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. Since the Company’s loans and related notes and certificates, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, asset-backed securities related to consolidated VIEs, and loan trailing fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the first nine months of 2017 or the year ended December 31, 2016 . Significant Unobservable Inputs The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : September 30, 2017 Loans, Loans Held for Sale, Notes and Certificates Asset-Backed Securities Related to Consolidated VIE Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.8 % 17.2 % 8.3 % 15.0 % 15.0 % 15.0 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1)(3) 0.8 % 41.4 % 13.5 % 12.8 % 20.3 % 17.1 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1)(3) 11.3 % 43.6 % 30.9 % 29.6 % 29.6 % 29.6 % September 30, 2017 Servicing Assets/Liabilities Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.9 % 16.5 % 8.7 % 1.9 % 16.5 % 8.8 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.8 % 41.4 % 12.0 % 0.8 % 41.4 % 12.7 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 11.3 % 43.6 % 31.8 % 11.3 % 43.6 % 31.4 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) 0.65 % 0.90 % 0.65 % N/A N/A N/A December 31, 2016 Loans, Loans Held for Sale, Notes and Certificates Servicing Assets/Liabilities Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.2 % 16.6 % 7.2 % 3.4 % 15.1 % 7.8 % 3.4 % 15.0 % 7.7 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 0.3 % 33.9 % 14.6 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 12.8 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 13.5 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 8.0 % 42.7 % 30.7 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 29.3 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 28.3 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) N/A N/A N/A 0.63 % 0.90 % 0.63 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Not applicable (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note or certificate, except for asset-backed securities. (2) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. (3) For asset-backed securities, expressed as a percentage of the outstanding collateral balance. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note and certificates’ fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables, the fair value adjustments for loans were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes and certificates due to the payment dependent design of the notes and certificates and because the principal balances of the loans were close to the combined principal balances of the notes and certificates. The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans, loans held for sale, notes and certificates measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarters and first nine months of 2017 and 2016 : Loans (1) Loans Held For Sale (1) Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at June 30, 2017 $ 4,041,550 $ (244,551 ) $ 3,796,999 $ 37,287 $ (956 ) $ 36,331 $ 4,048,717 $ (243,135 ) $ 3,805,582 Purchases 405,472 (469 ) 405,003 1,931,088 (2,136 ) 1,928,952 — — — Transfers from loans to loans held for sale (113,587 ) — (113,587 ) 113,587 — 113,587 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 394,013 — 394,013 Sales — — — (1,787,527 ) 3,874 (1,783,653 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (597,304 ) — (597,304 ) (16,710 ) — (16,710 ) (602,051 ) 2 (602,049 ) Charge-offs (116,070 ) 116,070 — (534 ) 534 — (115,064 ) 115,064 — Recoveries — (12,114 ) (12,114 ) — — — — (12,057 ) (12,057 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (65,104 ) (65,104 ) — (12,582 ) (12,582 ) — (69,911 ) (69,911 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2017 $ 3,620,061 $ (206,168 ) $ 3,413,893 $ 277,191 $ (11,266 ) $ 265,925 $ 3,725,615 $ (210,037 ) $ 3,515,578 Loans (1) Loans Held For Sale (1) Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at June 30, 2016 $ 4,748,631 $ (340,870 ) $ 4,407,761 $ 16,627 $ (217 ) $ 16,410 $ 4,755,846 $ (339,961 ) $ 4,415,885 Purchases 646,662 — 646,662 1,093,868 — 1,093,868 — — — Transfers from loans to loans held for sale (2,269 ) — (2,269 ) 2,269 — 2,269 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 644,168 — 644,168 Sales — — — (1,095,716 ) — (1,095,716 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (603,452 ) — (603,452 ) (2,143 ) — (2,143 ) (604,160 ) — (604,160 ) Charge-offs (112,517 ) 112,517 — — — — (111,816 ) 111,816 — Recoveries — (10,517 ) (10,517 ) — — — — (9,955 ) (9,955 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (26,559 ) (26,559 ) — 56 56 — (26,027 ) (26,027 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2016 $ 4,677,055 $ (265,429 ) $ 4,411,626 $ 14,905 $ (161 ) $ 14,744 $ 4,684,038 $ (264,127 ) $ 4,419,911 (1) Loans and loans held for sale include loans invested in by the Company for which there were no associated notes or certificates, as summarized in the tables below. Loans (1) Loans Held For Sale (1) Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,565,653 $ (253,669 ) $ 4,311,984 $ 9,345 $ (297 ) $ 9,048 $ 4,572,912 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,320,895 Purchases 1,408,138 (474 ) 1,407,664 4,829,498 4,287 4,833,785 — — — Transfers from loans to loans held for sale (113,587 ) — (113,587 ) 113,587 — 113,587 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 1,389,999 — 1,389,999 Sales — — — (4,648,913 ) (1,656 ) (4,650,569 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (1,862,767 ) — (1,862,767 ) (25,431 ) — (25,431 ) (1,863,045 ) 4 (1,863,041 ) Charge-offs (377,376 ) 377,376 — (895 ) 895 — (374,251 ) 374,251 — Recoveries — (34,808 ) (34,808 ) — — — — (34,550 ) (34,550 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (294,593 ) (294,593 ) — (14,495 ) (14,495 ) — (297,725 ) (297,725 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2017 $ 3,620,061 $ (206,168 ) $ 3,413,893 $ 277,191 $ (11,266 ) $ 265,925 $ 3,725,615 $ (210,037 ) $ 3,515,578 Loans (1) Loans Held For Sale (1) Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2015 $ 4,681,671 $ (125,590 ) $ 4,556,081 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,697,169 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,571,583 Purchases 2,093,692 — 2,093,692 3,623,453 — 3,623,453 — — — Transfers from loans to loans held for sale (30,802 ) — (30,802 ) 30,802 — 30,802 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 2,047,714 — 2,047,714 Sales — — — (3,635,330 ) — (3,635,330 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (1,782,603 ) — (1,782,603 ) (4,020 ) — (4,020 ) (1,776,747 ) — (1,776,747 ) Charge-offs (284,903 ) 284,903 — — — — (284,098 ) 284,098 — Recoveries — (27,451 ) (27,451 ) — — — — (26,871 ) (26,871 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (397,291 ) (397,291 ) — (161 ) (161 ) — (395,768 ) (395,768 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2016 $ 4,677,055 $ (265,429 ) $ 4,411,626 $ 14,905 $ (161 ) $ 14,744 $ 4,684,038 $ (264,127 ) $ 4,419,911 (1) Loans and loans held for sale include loans invested in by the Company for which there were no associated notes or certificates, as summarized in the tables below. The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans invested in by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarters and first nine months of 2017 and 2016 : Loans invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at June 30, 2017 $ 57,221 $ (2,371 ) $ 54,850 Beginning balance at June 30, 2016 $ 35,672 $ (1,126 ) $ 34,546 Purchases 586,708 (473 ) 586,235 Purchases 3,579 — 3,579 Sales (429,481 ) 1,741 (427,740 ) Sales (6 ) — (6 ) Principal payments (18,720 ) — (18,720 ) Principal payments (4,352 ) — (4,352 ) Charge-offs (1,538 ) 1,538 — Charge-offs (701 ) 701 — Recoveries — (56 ) (56 ) Recoveries — (562 ) (562 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (7,775 ) (7,775 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (476 ) (476 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2017 $ 194,190 $ (7,396 ) $ 186,794 Ending balance at September 30, 2016 $ 34,192 $ (1,463 ) $ 32,729 Loans invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Beginning balance at December 31, 2016 $ 27,860 $ (1,949 ) $ 25,911 Beginning balance at December 31, 2015 $ 3,462 $ (4 ) $ 3,458 Purchases 777,117 (481 ) 776,636 Purchases 175,600 — 175,600 Sales (576,065 ) 2,634 (573,431 ) Sales (135,531 ) — (135,531 ) Principal payments (30,703 ) — (30,703 ) Principal payments (8,534 ) — (8,534 ) Charge-offs (4,019 ) 4,019 — Charge-offs (805 ) 805 — Recoveries — (256 ) (256 ) Recoveries — (580 ) (580 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (11,363 ) (11,363 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (1,684 ) (1,684 ) Ending balance at September 30, 2017 $ 194,190 $ (7,396 ) $ 186,794 Ending balance at September 30, 2016 $ 34,192 $ (1,463 ) $ 32,729 The following tables present additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarters and first nine months of 2017 and 2016 : Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 25,901 $ 1,711 $ 16,126 $ 3,412 Issuances (1) 10,563 19 3,009 712 Change in fair value, included in investor fees (6,961 ) (499 ) (2,429 ) (727 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 118 — (451 ) — Fair value at end of period $ 29,621 $ 1,231 $ 16,255 $ 3,397 Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 21,398 $ 2,846 $ 10,250 $ 3,973 Issuances (1) 24,460 332 12,984 2,452 Change in fair value, included in investor fees (16,083 ) (1,947 ) (7,092 ) (3,028 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue (154 ) — 113 — Fair value at end of period $ 29,621 $ 1,231 $ 16,255 $ 3,397 (1) Represents the gains or losses on sales of the related loans, recorded in other revenue. The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loan trailing fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the third quarters and first nine months of 2017 and 2016 : Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2017 2016 2017 2016 Fair value at beginning of period $ 6,788 $ 2,324 $ 4,913 $ — Issuances 2,047 1,682 5,521 4,180 Cash payment of loan trailing fee (1,184 ) (395 ) (3,008 ) (585 ) Change in fair value, included in origination and servicing 123 113 348 129 Fair value at end of period $ 7,774 $ 3,724 $ 7,774 $ 3,724 Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Fair valuation adjustments are recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the third quarters and first nine months of 2017 and 2016 . Certain unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes and certificates, servicing assets and liabilities, and loan trailing fee liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of September 30, 2017 , are as follows: September 30, 2017 Fair value of loans invested in by the Company $ 186,794 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.6 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (2,301 ) 200 basis point increase $ (4,544 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ (3,282 ) 20% adverse change $ (6,448 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ (974 ) 20% adverse change $ (1,886 ) The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of December 31, 2016 , was not material. The Company’s selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors, and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions 0.65 % 0.65 % 0.63 % 0.63 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (7,203 ) $ 389 $ (5,673 ) $ 964 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 7,265 $ (327 ) $ 5,812 $ (825 ) Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value: September 30, 2017 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 384,381 $ — $ 384,381 $ — $ 384,381 Restricted cash 182,844 — 182,844 — 182,844 Servicer reserve receivable 9,043 — 9,043 — 9,043 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 577,123 $ — $ 577,123 $ — $ 577,123 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 13,079 $ — $ — $ 13,079 $ 13,079 Accounts payable 7,503 — 7,503 — 7,503 Payables to investors 93,893 — 93,893 — 93,893 Total liabilities $ 114,475 $ — $ 101,396 $ 13,079 $ 114,475 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. December 31, 2016 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 Restricted cash 177,810 — 177,810 — 177,810 Servicer reserve receivable 4,938 — 4,938 — 4,938 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 699,205 $ — $ 699,205 $ — $ 699,205 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 10,981 $ — $ — $ 10,981 $ 10,981 Accounts payable 10,889 — 10,889 — 10,889 Payables to investors 125,884 — 125,884 — 125,884 Total liabilities $ 147,754 $ — $ 136,773 $ 10,981 $ 147,754 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. |