Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value: December 31, 2017 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 2,932,325 $ 2,932,325 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 361,230 361,230 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 235,825 235,825 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities related to Company-sponsored securitizations — 37,020 — 37,020 Certificates of deposit — 24,758 — 24,758 Corporate debt securities — 16,258 — 16,258 Asset-backed securities — 14,843 — 14,843 Commercial paper — 14,665 — 14,665 Asset-backed subordinated residual certificates related to Company-sponsored securitizations and CLUB Certificate transactions — — 10,029 10,029 Total securities available for sale — 107,544 10,029 117,573 Servicing assets — — 33,676 33,676 Total assets $ — $ 107,544 $ 3,573,085 $ 3,680,629 Liabilities: Notes, certificates and secured borrowings — — 2,954,768 2,954,768 Payable to securitization residual certificate holders — — 1,479 1,479 Servicing liabilities — — 833 833 Loan trailing fee liability — — 8,432 8,432 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 2,965,512 $ 2,965,512 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 4,295,121 $ 4,295,121 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 16,863 16,863 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 9,048 9,048 Securities available for sale: Corporate debt securities — 181,223 — 181,223 Certificates of deposit — 27,501 — 27,501 Asset-backed securities — 25,364 — 25,364 Commercial paper — 20,164 — 20,164 U.S. agency securities — 19,623 — 19,623 U.S. Treasury securities — 2,496 — 2,496 Other securities — 10,766 — 10,766 Total securities available for sale — 287,137 — 287,137 Servicing assets — — 21,398 21,398 Total assets $ — $ 287,137 $ 4,342,430 $ 4,629,567 Liabilities: Notes and certificates $ — $ — $ 4,320,895 $ 4,320,895 Loan trailing fee liability — — 4,913 4,913 Servicing liabilities — — 2,846 2,846 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 4,328,654 $ 4,328,654 Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. Since the Company’s loans held for investment and related notes, certificates and secured borrowings, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, asset-backed securities related to consolidated VIEs, and loan trailing fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to observable and unobservable inputs, respectively. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016 . Significant Unobservable Inputs The Company primarily uses a model to estimate the fair value of Level 3 instruments based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. This model uses inputs that are inherently judgmental and reflect our best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate fair value. The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2017 and 2016 : December 31, 2017 Loans Held for Investment, Loans Held for Sale, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings (1) Asset-Backed Securities Related to Consolidated VIEs Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.7 % 17.2 % 8.5 % 5.8 % 15.0 % 9.5 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2)(4) 0.4 % 41.8 % 13.8 % 10.9 % 37.2 % 19.7 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2)(4) 11.3 % 51.0 % 31.6 % 28.3 % 33.7 % 30.5 % December 31, 2017 Servicing Assets/Liabilities Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.9 % 17.1 % 8.8 % 1.9 % 17.1 % 8.9 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2) 0.4 % 41.8 % 12.4 % 0.8 % 41.8 % 13.2 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2) 11.3 % 51.0 % 31.7 % 11.3 % 51.0 % 31.4 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (3) 0.66 % 0.90 % 0.66 % N/A N/A N/A December 31, 2016 Loans Held for Investment, Loans Held for Sale, Notes and Certificates (1) Servicing Assets/Liabilities Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.2 % 16.6 % 7.2 % 3.4 % 15.1 % 7.8 % 3.4 % 15 % 7.7 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2) 0.3 % 33.9 % 14.6 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 12.8 % 0.3 % 33.9 % 13.5 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2) 8.0 % 42.7 % 30.7 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 29.3 % 8.0 % 42.7 % 28.3 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (3) N/A N/A N/A 0.63 % 0.90 % 0.63 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Not applicable (1) Loans held for investment and loans held for sale include loans invested in by the Company. (2) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note, certificate or secured borrowing, except for asset-backed securities. (3) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. (4) For asset-backed securities, expressed as a percentage of the outstanding collateral balance. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note, certificate and secured borrowings’ fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables, the fair value adjustments for loans held for investment and loans held for sale were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings due to the payment dependent design of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings and because the principal balances of the loans were close to the combined principal balances of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings. The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loans held for investment, loans held for sale, and notes, certificates and secured borrowings measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 : Loans Held For Investment Loans Held for Sale Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 4,678,209 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,552,623 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,697,169 $ (125,586 ) $ 4,571,583 Purchases 2,653,589 — 2,653,589 4,638,436 — 4,638,436 — — — Transfers (to) from loans held for investment (from) to loans held for sale 20,573 — 20,573 (20,573 ) — — (20,573 ) — — — Issuances — — — — — — 2,681,109 — 2,681,109 Sales — — — (4,617,863 ) — (4,617,863 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (2,385,102 ) — (2,385,102 ) — — — (2,385,234 ) — (2,385,234 ) Charge-offs (420,131 ) 420,131 — — — — (420,132 ) 420,132 — Recoveries — (36,784 ) (36,784 ) — — — — (36,785 ) (36,785 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (509,778 ) (509,778 ) — — — — (509,778 ) (509,778 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,547,138 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,295,121 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,572,912 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,320,895 Purchases 1,720,343 5 1,720,348 5,232,503 6,420 5,238,923 — — — Transfers (to) from loans held for investment (from) to loans held for sale (253,124 ) (4,112 ) (257,236 ) 253,124 4,112 257,236 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 2,019,316 (17,937 ) 2,001,379 Sales — — — (5,483,146 ) 8,067 (5,475,079 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (2,383,510 ) — (2,383,510 ) (2,481 ) — (2,481 ) (2,941,692 ) 31,606 (2,910,086 ) Charge-offs (489,456 ) 489,456 — — — — (489,456 ) 489,456 — Recoveries — (47,913 ) (47,913 ) — — — — (47,914 ) (47,914 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (394,485 ) (394,485 ) — (18,599 ) (18,599 ) — (409,506 ) (409,506 ) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,141,391 $ (209,066 ) $ 2,932,325 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,161,080 $ (206,312 ) $ 2,954,768 The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loans invested in by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 : Loans Held For Investment by the Company Loans Held For Sale by the Company Total Loans Invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 3,462 $ (4 ) $ 3,458 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,462 $ (4 ) $ 3,458 Purchases 79,736 (656 ) 79,080 104,102 — 104,102 183,838 (656 ) 183,182 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment (from) to loans held for sale (55,984 ) — (55,984 ) 55,984 — 55,984 — — — Sales — — — (144,655 ) — (144,655 ) (144,655 ) — (144,655 ) Principal payments (6,705 ) — (6,705 ) (5,927 ) — (5,927 ) (12,632 ) — (12,632 ) Charge-offs (1,994 ) 1,994 — (159 ) 159 — (2,153 ) 2,153 — Recoveries — (493 ) (493 ) — — — — (493 ) (493 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (2,493 ) (2,493 ) — (456 ) (456 ) — (2,949 ) (2,949 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 18,515 $ (1,652 ) $ 16,863 $ 9,345 $ (297 ) $ 9,048 $ 27,860 (1,949 ) $ 25,911 Purchases 19,069 (707 ) 18,362 1,629,228 (192 ) 1,629,036 1,648,297 (899 ) 1,647,398 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment (from) to loans held for sale 354,410 4,112 358,522 (354,410 ) (4,112 ) (358,522 ) — — — Sales — — — (990,267 ) 5,871 (984,396 ) (990,267 ) 5,871 (984,396 ) Principal payments (16,433 ) — (16,433 ) (49,248 ) — (49,248 ) (65,681 ) — (65,681 ) Charge-offs (4,182 ) 4,182 — (2,375 ) 2,375 — (6,557 ) 6,557 — Recoveries — (343 ) (343 ) — — — — (343 ) (343 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (15,741 ) (15,741 ) — (10,093 ) (10,093 ) — (25,834 ) (25,834 ) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 371,379 $ (10,149 ) $ 361,230 $ 242,273 $ (6,448 ) $ 235,825 $ 613,652 (16,597 ) $ 597,055 The following table presents additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 : Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at December 31, 2015 $ 10,250 $ 3,973 Issuances (1) 16,546 3,371 Changes in fair value, included in investor fees (5,403 ) (4,498 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 5 — Fair value at December 31, 2016 $ 21,398 $ 2,846 Issuances (1) 34,950 333 Changes in fair value, included in investor fees (23,172 ) (2,346 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 500 — Fair value at December 31, 2017 $ 33,676 $ 833 (1) Represents the gains or losses on sales of the related loans. The following table presents additional information about the Level 3 loan trailing fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 : Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Fair value at beginning of period $ 4,913 $ — Issuances 7,470 5,843 Cash payment of loan trailing fee (4,358 ) (1,174 ) Change in fair value, included in origination and servicing 407 244 Fair value at end of period $ 8,432 $ 4,913 Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Fair valuation adjustments are recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . Certain unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes, certificates and secured borrowings, servicing assets and liabilities, and loan trailing fee liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of December 31, 2017 , are as follows: December 31, 2017 Fair value of loans invested in by the Company $ 597,055 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.5 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (7,449 ) 200 basis point increase $ (14,715 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ (10,090 ) 20% adverse change $ (18,935 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ (3,548 ) 20% adverse change $ (5,894 ) The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of December 31, 2016 , was not material. The Company’s selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 : December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.63 % 0.63 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (7,749 ) $ 233 $ (5,673 ) $ 964 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 7,760 $ (222 ) $ 5,812 $ (825 ) Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value: December 31, 2017 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 401,719 — $ 401,719 $ — $ 401,719 Restricted cash 242,570 — 242,570 — 242,570 Servicer reserve receivable 13,685 — 13,685 — 13,685 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 658,829 — $ 658,829 $ — $ 658,829 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 13,856 $ — $ — $ 13,856 $ 13,856 Accounts payable 11,151 — 11,151 — 11,151 Payable to investors 143,310 — 143,310 — 143,310 Payable to securitization note holders 310,644 — 310,644 — 310,644 Warehouse notes payable 32,100 — — 32,100 32,100 Total liabilities $ 511,061 $ — $ 465,105 $ 45,956 $ 511,061 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. December 31, 2016 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 $ — $ 515,602 Restricted cash 177,810 — 177,810 — 177,810 Servicer reserve receivable 4,938 — 4,938 — 4,938 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 699,205 $ — $ 699,205 $ — $ 699,205 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 10,981 $ — $ — $ 10,981 $ 10,981 Accounts payable 10,889 — 10,889 — 10,889 Payable to investors 125,884 — 125,884 — 125,884 Total liabilities $ 147,754 $ — $ 136,773 $ 10,981 $ 147,754 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. |