Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “Part II – Item 8 –Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments, Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : March 31, 2018 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 2,635,413 $ 2,635,413 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 317,458 317,458 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 248,344 248,344 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities related to Company-sponsored securitizations — 45,881 — 45,881 Certificates of deposit — 20,303 — 20,303 Corporate debt securities — 19,840 — 19,840 Asset-backed securities — 14,586 — 14,586 Commercial paper — 7,685 — 7,685 Asset-backed subordinated residual certificates related to Company-sponsored securitizations and CLUB Certificate transactions — — 20,129 20,129 Total securities available for sale — 108,295 20,129 128,424 Servicing assets — — 40,884 40,884 Total assets $ — $ 108,295 $ 3,262,228 $ 3,370,523 Liabilities: Notes, certificates and secured borrowings $ — $ — $ 2,655,417 $ 2,655,417 Payable to securitization residual certificate holders — — 1,354 1,354 Servicing liabilities — — 475 475 Loan trailing fee liability — — 8,824 8,824 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 2,666,070 $ 2,666,070 December 31, 2017 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 2,932,325 $ 2,932,325 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 361,230 361,230 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 235,825 235,825 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities related to Company-sponsored securitizations — 37,020 — 37,020 Certificates of deposit — 24,758 — 24,758 Corporate debt securities — 16,258 — 16,258 Asset-backed securities — 14,843 — 14,843 Commercial paper — 14,665 — 14,665 Asset-backed subordinated residual certificates related to Company-sponsored securitizations and CLUB Certificate transactions — — 10,029 10,029 Total securities available for sale — 107,544 10,029 117,573 Servicing assets — — 33,676 33,676 Total assets $ — $ 107,544 $ 3,573,085 $ 3,680,629 Liabilities: Notes, certificates and secured borrowings $ — $ — $ 2,954,768 $ 2,954,768 Payable to securitization residual certificate holders — — 1,479 1,479 Servicing liabilities — — 833 833 Loan trailing fee liability — — 8,432 8,432 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 2,965,512 $ 2,965,512 The Company has elected the fair value option for notes, certificates, and secured borrowings, payable to securitization residual certificate holders, and loan trailing fee liability. Beginning January 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of these financial liabilities caused by a change in the instrument-specific credit risk are reported in other comprehensive income (OCI). For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the amount reported in OCI is zero because these financial liabilities are either payable only upon receipt of cash flows from underlying loans or secured by cash collateral. See “Adoption of New Accounting Standards” in “ Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” for further discussion. Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. Since the Company’s loans held for investment and related notes, certificates, and secured borrowings, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, asset-backed securities related to consolidated VIEs, and loan trailing fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to observable and unobservable inputs, respectively. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the first quarter of 2018 or the year ended December 31, 2017 . Significant Unobservable Inputs The Company primarily uses a model to estimate the fair value of Level 3 instruments based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. This model uses inputs that are inherently judgmental and reflect our best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate fair value. The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : March 31, 2018 Loans Held for Investment, Loans Held for Sale, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings (1) Asset-Backed Securities Related to Consolidated VIE Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 2.7 % 16.7 % 8.9 % 3.2 % 15.0 % 7.4 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2)(4) 0.4 % 42.1 % 13.8 % 5.2 % 38.7 % 13.3 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2)(4) 11.3 % 52.3 % 31.3 % 25.7 % 34.2 % 30.3 % March 31, 2018 Servicing Assets/Liabilities Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 3.4 % 16.5 % 8.9 % 3.4 % 16.5 % 9.2 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2) 0.4 % 42.1 % 12.3 % 0.8 % 42.1 % 13.1 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2) 11.3 % 52.3 % 32.0 % 11.3 % 52.3 % 31.6 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (3) 0.66 % 0.90 % 0.66 % N/A N/A N/A December 31, 2017 Loans Held for Investment, Loans Held for Sale, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings (1) Asset-Backed Securities Related to Consolidated VIE Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.7 % 17.2 % 8.5 % 5.8 % 15.0 % 9.5 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2) (4) 0.4 % 41.8 % 13.8 % 10.9 % 37.2 % 19.7 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2) (4) 11.3 % 51.0 % 31.6 % 28.3 % 33.7 % 30.5 % December 31, 2017 Servicing Assets/Liabilities Loan Trailing Fee Liability Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Discount rates 1.9 % 17.1 % 8.8 % 1.9 % 17.1 % 8.9 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (2) 0.4 % 41.8 % 12.4 % 0.8 % 41.8 % 13.2 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (2) 11.3 % 51.0 % 31.7 % 11.3 % 51.0 % 31.4 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (3) 0.66 % 0.90 % 0.66 % N/A N/A N/A N/A Not applicable (1) Loans held for investment and loans held for sale include loans invested in by the Company. (2) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note or certificate, except for asset-backed securities. (3) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. (4) For asset-backed securities, expressed as a percentage of the outstanding collateral balance. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note, certificate and secured borrowings’ fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables, the fair value adjustments for loans held for investment and loans held for sale were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings due to the payment dependent design of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings and because the principal balances of the loans were close to the combined principal balances of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings. The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans held for investment, loans held for sale, and notes, certificates and secured borrowings measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 : Loans Held For Investment Loans Held For Sale Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,141,391 $ (209,066 ) $ 2,932,325 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,161,080 $ (206,312 ) $ 2,954,768 Purchases 292,114 9 292,123 1,133,277 (1,772 ) 1,131,505 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 292,461 — 292,461 Sales — — — (1,133,277 ) 835 (1,132,442 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (500,949 ) — (500,949 ) — — — (503,710 ) 8 (503,702 ) Charge-offs (102,791 ) 102,791 — — — — (102,791 ) 102,791 — Recoveries — (17,459 ) (17,459 ) — — — — (17,459 ) (17,459 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (70,627 ) (70,627 ) — 937 937 — (70,651 ) (70,651 ) Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 2,829,765 $ (194,352 ) $ 2,635,413 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,847,040 $ (191,623 ) $ 2,655,417 Loans Held For Investment Loans Held For Sale Notes and Certificates Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,547,138 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,295,121 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,572,912 $ (252,017 ) $ 4,320,895 Purchases 523,235 2 523,237 1,170,207 — 1,170,207 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 523,305 — 523,305 Sales — — — (1,170,207 ) — (1,170,207 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (638,235 ) — (638,235 ) — — — (641,105 ) 2 (641,103 ) Charge-offs (136,810 ) 136,810 — — — — (136,810 ) 136,810 — Recoveries — (10,790 ) (10,790 ) — — — — (10,790 ) (10,790 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (157,950 ) (157,950 ) — — — — (157,950 ) (157,950 ) Balance at March 31, 2017 $ 4,295,328 $ (283,945 ) $ 4,011,383 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,318,302 $ (283,945 ) $ 4,034,357 The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans invested in by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 : Loans Held For Investment by the Company Loans Held For Sale by the Company Total Loans Invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 371,379 $ (10,149 ) $ 361,230 $ 242,273 $ (6,448 ) $ 235,825 $ 613,652 $ (16,597 ) $ 597,055 Purchases 1,496 (160 ) 1,336 791,675 (280 ) 791,395 793,171 (440 ) 792,731 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment (from) to loans held for sale 106 — 106 (106 ) — (106 ) — — — Sales — — — (742,732 ) 10,048 (732,684 ) (742,732 ) 10,048 (732,684 ) Principal payments and retirements (32,194 ) — (32,194 ) (30,418 ) — (30,418 ) (62,612 ) — (62,612 ) Charge-offs (1,172 ) 1,172 — (2,215 ) 2,215 — (3,387 ) 3,387 — Recoveries — (199 ) (199 ) — (12 ) (12 ) — (211 ) (211 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (12,821 ) (12,821 ) — (15,656 ) (15,656 ) — (28,477 ) (28,477 ) Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 339,615 $ (22,157 ) $ 317,458 $ 258,477 $ (10,133 ) $ 248,344 $ 598,092 $ (32,290 ) $ 565,802 Loans Held For Investment by the Company Loans Held For Sale by the Company Total Loans Invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 18,515 $ (1,652 ) $ 16,863 $ 9,345 $ (297 ) $ 9,048 $ 27,860 $ (1,949 ) $ 25,911 Purchases 1,181 (6 ) 1,175 5,948 (1 ) 5,947 7,129 (7 ) 7,122 Sales — — — (4,229 ) 157 (4,072 ) (4,229 ) 157 (4,072 ) Principal payments and retirements (1,484 ) — (1,484 ) (1,180 ) — (1,180 ) (2,664 ) — (2,664 ) Charge-offs (1,288 ) 1,288 — (160 ) 160 — (1,448 ) 1,448 — Recoveries — (99 ) (99 ) — — — — (99 ) (99 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (1,083 ) (1,083 ) — (334 ) (334 ) — (1,417 ) (1,417 ) Balance at March 31, 2017 $ 16,924 $ (1,552 ) $ 15,372 $ 9,724 $ (315 ) $ 9,409 $ 26,648 $ (1,867 ) $ 24,781 The following tables present additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 : Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair value at beginning of period $ 33,676 $ 833 $ 21,398 $ 2,846 Issuances (1) 11,980 — 5,317 274 Change in fair value, included in investor fees (5,606 ) (358 ) (4,047 ) (809 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 834 — (308 ) — Fair value at end of period $ 40,884 $ 475 $ 22,360 $ 2,311 (1) Represents the gains or losses on sales of the related loans, recorded in other revenue. The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loan trailing fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 : Three Months Ended 2018 2017 Fair value at beginning of period $ 8,432 $ 4,913 Issuances 1,775 1,663 Cash payment of loan trailing fee (1,554 ) (826 ) Change in fair value, included in origination and servicing 171 64 Fair value at end of period $ 8,824 $ 5,814 Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Fair valuation adjustments are recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the first quarters of 2018 and 2017 . Certain unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques for loans, notes, certificates and secured borrowings, servicing assets and liabilities, and loan trailing fee liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. A specific loan that is projected to have larger future default losses than previously estimated has lower expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which reduces its estimated fair value. Conversely, a specific loan that is projected to have smaller future default losses than previously estimated has increased expected future cash flows over its remaining life, which increases its estimated fair value. The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows: March 31, 2018 December 31, Fair value of loans invested in by the Company $ 565,802 $ 597,055 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.5 1.5 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (6,708 ) $ (7,449 ) 200 basis point increase $ (13,258 ) $ (14,715 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ (9,249 ) $ (10,090 ) 20% adverse change $ (18,356 ) $ (18,935 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ (2,355 ) $ (3,548 ) 20% adverse change $ (4,616 ) $ (5,894 ) The Company’s selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets and servicing liabilities is inherently judgmental. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors, and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (8,340 ) $ 154 $ (7,749 ) $ 233 Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 8,343 $ (151 ) $ 7,760 $ (222 ) Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : March 31, 2018 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 405,078 $ — $ 405,078 $ — $ 405,078 Restricted cash 226,818 — 226,818 — 226,818 Servicer reserve receivable 5,895 — 5,895 — 5,895 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 638,646 $ — $ 638,646 $ — $ 638,646 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 14,014 $ — $ — $ 14,014 $ 14,014 Accounts payable 3,389 — 3,389 — 3,389 Payables to investors 108,247 — 108,247 — 108,247 Payable to securitization note holders 279,561 — 279,561 — 279,561 Payable to revolving credit facilities 74,000 — — 74,000 74,000 Total liabilities $ 479,211 $ — $ 391,197 $ 88,014 $ 479,211 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. December 31, 2017 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 401,719 $ — $ 401,719 $ — $ 401,719 Restricted cash 242,570 — 242,570 — 242,570 Servicer reserve receivable 13,685 — 13,685 — 13,685 Deposits 855 — 855 — 855 Total assets $ 658,829 $ — $ 658,829 $ — $ 658,829 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 13,856 $ — $ — $ 13,856 $ 13,856 Accounts payable 11,151 — 11,151 — 11,151 Payables to investors 143,310 — 143,310 — 143,310 Payable to securitization note holders 310,644 — 310,644 — 310,644 Payable to revolving credit facilities 32,100 — — 32,100 32,100 Total liabilities $ 511,061 $ — $ 465,105 $ 45,956 $ 511,061 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. |