Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “ Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies . ” The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments, Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : December 31, 2019 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 1,079,315 $ 1,079,315 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 43,693 43,693 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 722,355 722,355 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities and subordinated securities — 109,339 21,090 130,429 CLUB Certificate asset-backed securities — — 89,706 89,706 Corporate debt securities — 14,343 — 14,343 Certificates of deposit 13,100 — 13,100 Other asset-backed securities — 12,080 — 12,080 Commercial paper — 9,274 — 9,274 U.S. agency securities — 1,995 — 1,995 Total securities available for sale — 160,131 110,796 270,927 Servicing assets — — 89,680 89,680 Total assets $ — $ 160,131 $ 2,045,839 $ 2,205,970 Liabilities: Notes, certificates and secured borrowings $ — $ — $ 1,081,466 $ 1,081,466 Payable to securitization note and certificate holders — — 40,610 40,610 Loan trailing fee liability — — 11,099 11,099 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 1,133,175 $ 1,133,175 December 31, 2018 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 1,883,251 $ 1,883,251 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 2,583 2,583 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 840,021 840,021 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities and subordinated securities — 56,489 11,849 68,338 Certificates of deposit — 14,929 — 14,929 Corporate debt securities — 17,328 — 17,328 Other asset-backed securities — 11,225 — 11,225 Commercial paper — 9,720 — 9,720 CLUB Certificate asset-backed securities — — 48,430 48,430 Other securities — 499 — 499 Total securities available for sale — 110,190 60,279 170,469 Servicing assets — — 64,006 64,006 Total assets $ — $ 110,190 $ 2,850,140 $ 2,960,330 Liabilities: Note, certificates and secured borrowings $ — $ — $ 1,905,875 $ 1,905,875 Loan trailing fee liability — — 10,010 10,010 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 1,915,885 $ 1,915,885 As presented in the tables above, the Company has elected the fair value option for certain liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these financial liabilities caused by a change in the Company’s risk are reported in other comprehensive income (OCI). For the year ended December 31, 2019 , the amount reported in OCI is zero because these financial liabilities are either payable only upon receipt of cash flows from underlying loans or secured by cash collateral. Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. Since the Company’s loans held for investment and related notes, certificates and secured borrowings, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions, and loan trailing fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to observable and unobservable inputs, respectively. The Company primarily uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of Level 3 instruments based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. This model uses inputs that are inherently judgmental and reflect our best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate fair value. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018 . Fair valuation adjustments are recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 . Certain unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. Loans Held for Investment, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loans held for investment, notes, certificates and secured borrowings at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Loans Held for Investment, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Average Minimum Maximum Weighted- Average Discount rates 6.0 % 12.0 % 7.9 % 6.3 % 16.4 % 9.1 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 3.6 % 34.9 % 11.9 % 2.8 % 36.9 % 12.8 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 28.7 % 38.6 % 31.7 % 27.8 % 40.3 % 31.2 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note, certificate or secured borrowing. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity At December 31, 2019 and 2018 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note, certificate and secured borrowings’ fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables, the fair value adjustments for loans held for investment and loans held for sale were largely offset by the corresponding fair value adjustments due to the payment dependent design of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings. Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loans held for investment, loans held for sale, and notes, certificates and secured borrowings measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Loans Held For Investment Loans Held for Sale Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,141,391 $ (209,066 ) $ 2,932,325 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,161,080 $ (206,312 ) $ 2,954,768 Purchases 953,034 26 953,060 3,141,891 (5,714 ) 3,136,177 — — — Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale (1,180 ) (22,152 ) (23,332 ) 1,180 22,152 23,332 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 953,904 — 953,904 Sales — — — (3,143,071 ) 1,548 (3,141,523 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (1,754,293 ) — (1,754,293 ) — — — (1,756,212 ) 111 (1,756,101 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (325,514 ) 263,022 (62,492 ) — — — (325,514 ) 263,020 (62,494 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (162,017 ) (162,017 ) — (17,986 ) (17,986 ) — (184,202 ) (184,202 ) Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 2,013,438 $ (130,187 ) $ 1,883,251 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,033,258 $ (127,383 ) $ 1,905,875 Purchases 632,962 (21 ) 632,941 2,490,734 (26,560 ) 2,464,174 — — — Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale (123,036 ) — (123,036 ) 122,330 — 122,330 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 632,962 — 632,962 Sales — — — (2,613,064 ) 24,789 (2,588,275 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (1,183,670 ) — (1,183,670 ) — — — (1,326,526 ) 14 (1,326,512 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (190,806 ) 138,857 (51,949 ) — — — (190,806 ) 135,785 (55,021 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (78,222 ) (78,222 ) — 1,771 1,771 — (75,838 ) (75,838 ) Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 1,148,888 $ (69,573 ) $ 1,079,315 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,148,888 $ (67,422 ) $ 1,081,466 Loans Invested in by the Company Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loans invested in by the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Loans Invested in by the Company December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted- Discount rates 6.0 % 11.5 % 7.8 % 5.9 % 16.7 % 9.4 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 3.6 % 36.6 % 10.9 % 2.6 % 36.8 % 13.2 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 27.3 % 41.0 % 31.6 % 27.0 % 45.5 % 32.5 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 , are as follows: December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Fair value of loans invested in by the Company $ 766,048 $ 842,604 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.5 1.4 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (9,806 ) $ (10,487 ) 200 basis point increase $ (19,410 ) $ (20,720 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ (9,558 ) $ (11,304 ) 20% adverse change $ (19,136 ) $ (22,504 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ (2,429 ) $ (2,422 ) 20% adverse change $ (4,740 ) $ (4,785 ) Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loans invested in by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Loans Held For Investment by the Company Loans Held For Sale by the Company Total Loans Invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 371,379 $ (10,149 ) $ 361,230 $ 242,273 $ (6,448 ) $ 235,825 $ 613,652 $ (16,597 ) $ 597,055 Purchases 8,697 (876 ) 7,821 4,353,458 (2,739 ) 4,350,719 4,362,155 (3,615 ) 4,358,540 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale (324,626 ) 22,152 (302,474 ) 324,626 (22,152 ) 302,474 — — — Sales — — — (3,862,910 ) 72,742 (3,790,168 ) (3,862,910 ) 72,742 (3,790,168 ) Principal payments and retirements (47,552 ) — (47,552 ) (172,334 ) — (172,334 ) (219,886 ) — (219,886 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (4,380 ) 3,633 (747 ) (15,398 ) 15,223 (175 ) (19,778 ) 18,856 (922 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (15,695 ) (15,695 ) — (86,320 ) (86,320 ) — (102,015 ) (102,015 ) Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 3,518 $ (935 ) $ 2,583 $ 869,715 $ (29,694 ) $ 840,021 $ 873,233 $ (30,629 ) $ 842,604 Purchases 2,993 (2,303 ) 690 5,343,146 1 5,343,147 5,346,139 (2,302 ) 5,343,837 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale 49,996 (1,471 ) 48,525 (49,290 ) 1,471 (47,819 ) 706 — 706 Sales — — — (5,122,450 ) 119,369 (5,003,081 ) (5,122,450 ) 119,369 (5,003,081 ) Principal payments and retirements (5,214 ) — (5,214 ) (268,366 ) — (268,366 ) (273,580 ) — (273,580 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (4,251 ) 2,169 (2,082 ) (25,361 ) 23,973 (1,388 ) (29,612 ) 26,142 (3,470 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (809 ) (809 ) — (140,159 ) (140,159 ) — (140,968 ) (140,968 ) Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 47,042 $ (3,349 ) $ 43,693 $ 747,394 $ (25,039 ) $ 722,355 $ 794,436 $ (28,388 ) $ 766,048 Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted- Discount rates 3.4 % 20.7 % 8.8 % 3.2 % 19.6 % 8.8 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 4.5 % 37.9 % 19.2 % 6.3 % 43.9 % 18.4 % Cumulative expected prepayment rate (1) 17.3 % 35.1 % 29.4 % 21.0 % 33.0 % 30.1 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the outstanding collateral balance. Significant Recurring Fair Value Input Sensitivity The following tables present adverse changes to the fair value sensitivity of Level 2 and Level 3 asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions to changes in key assumptions at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : December 31, 2019 Asset-Backed Securities Related to Senior Subordinated Securities CLUB Certificates Fair value of interests held $ 109,339 $ 21,090 $ 89,706 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.1 1.4 1.1 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (1,050 ) $ (300 ) $ (823 ) 200 basis point increase $ (2,076 ) $ (513 ) $ (1,627 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ — $ (2,162 ) $ (2,163 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (4,273 ) $ (4,311 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ — $ (814 ) $ (654 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (1,495 ) $ (1,279 ) December 31, 2018 Asset-Backed Securities Related to Senior Subordinated Securities CLUB Certificates Fair value of interests held $ 56,489 $ 11,849 $ 48,430 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.0 1.3 1.2 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (526 ) $ (149 ) $ (472 ) 200 basis point increase $ (1,032 ) $ (293 ) $ (932 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ — $ (1,573 ) $ (1,070 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (3,159 ) $ (2,112 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ — $ (786 ) $ (291 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (1,599 ) $ (562 ) Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Fair value at beginning of period $ 60,279 $ 10,029 Additions 118,721 65,098 Redemptions (17,900 ) (2,742 ) Cash received (45,701 ) (9,329 ) Change in unrealized gain (loss) (992 ) 201 Other-than-temporary impairment (3,611 ) (2,978 ) Fair value at end of period $ 110,796 $ 60,279 Servicing Assets Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for servicing assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Servicing Assets December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted-Average Discount rates 2.9 % 14.8 % 8.6 % 4.8 % 16.7 % 9.0 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 3.7 % 36.1 % 12.4 % 2.8 % 38.7 % 12.5 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 27.5 % 41.8 % 32.5 % 13.9 % 42.9 % 31.9 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. (2) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity The Company’s selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets is inherently judgmental. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors, and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Servicing Assets December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions 0.66 % 0.66 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (13,978 ) $ (10,878 ) Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 13,979 $ 10,886 Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 servicing assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Servicing Assets Fair value at December 31, 2017 $ 33,676 Issuances (1) 55,403 Change in fair value, included in investor fees (31,233 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 6,160 Fair value at December 31, 2018 $ 64,006 Issuances (1) 79,692 Change in fair value, included in investor fees (58,172 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue 4,154 Fair value at December 31, 2019 $ 89,680 (1) Represents the gains or losses on sales of the related loans. Loan Trailing Fee Liability Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loan trailing fee liability at December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Loan Trailing Fee Liability December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Minimum Maximum Weighted Minimum Maximum Weighted Discount rates 2.9 % 14.8 % 9.3 % 4.8 % 16.7 % 9.5 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 3.7 % 36.0 % 14.4 % 2.8 % 38.7 % 14.0 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 28.5 % 41.7 % 33.0 % 16.5 % 43.1 % 32.2 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity The fair value sensitivity of the loan trailing fee liability to adverse changes in key assumptions would not result in a material impact on the Company’s financial position. Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about the Level 3 loan trailing fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Fair value at beginning of period $ 10,010 $ 8,432 Issuances 7,815 7,614 Cash payment of Loan Trailing Fee (7,908 ) (6,803 ) Change in fair value, included in Origination and Servicing 1,182 767 Fair value at end of period $ 11,099 $ 10,010 Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value: December 31, 2019 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 243,779 $ — $ 243,779 $ — $ 243,779 Restricted cash (1) 243,343 — 243,343 — 243,343 Servicer reserve receivable 73 — 73 — 73 Deposits 953 — 953 — 953 Total assets $ 488,148 $ — $ 488,148 $ — $ 488,148 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 24,899 $ — $ — $ 24,899 $ 24,899 Accounts payable 10,855 — 10,855 — 10,855 Payable to investors 97,530 — 97,530 — 97,530 Credit facilities and securities sold under repurchase agreements 587,453 — 77,143 510,310 587,453 Total liabilities $ 720,737 $ — $ 185,528 $ 535,209 $ 720,737 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. December 31, 2018 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 372,974 $ — $ 372,974 $ — $ 372,974 Restricted cash (1) 271,084 — 271,084 — 271,084 Servicer reserve receivable 669 — 669 — 669 Deposits 1,093 — 1,093 — 1,093 Total assets $ 645,820 $ — $ 645,820 $ — $ 645,820 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 18,483 $ — $ — $ 18,483 $ 18,483 Accounts payable 7,104 — 7,104 — 7,104 Payable to investors 149,052 — 149,052 — 149,052 Payable to securitization note and certificate holders 256,354 — 256,354 — 256,354 Credit facilities and securities sold under repurchase agreements 458,802 — 57,012 401,790 458,802 Total liabilities $ 889,795 $ — $ 469,522 $ 420,273 $ 889,795 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. |