Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities For a description of the fair value hierarchy and the Company’s fair value methodologies, see “ Part II – Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” in the Annual Report. The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value as listed in the following tables. Financial Instruments, Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : March 31, 2020 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 885,413 $ 885,413 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 71,003 71,003 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 741,704 741,704 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities and subordinated securities — 99,764 16,676 116,440 CLUB Certificate asset-backed securities — — 86,835 86,835 Corporate debt securities — 17,279 — 17,279 Commercial paper — 13,126 — 13,126 Other asset-backed securities — 11,999 — 11,999 Certificates of deposit — 10,875 — 10,875 Total securities available for sale — 153,043 103,511 256,554 Servicing assets — — 92,825 92,825 Total assets $ — $ 153,043 $ 1,894,456 $ 2,047,499 Liabilities: Notes, certificates and secured borrowings $ — $ — $ 886,840 $ 886,840 Payable to Structured Program note and certificate holders — — 206,092 206,092 Deferred revenue — — 8,541 8,541 Loan trailing fee liability — — 10,372 10,372 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 1,111,845 $ 1,111,845 December 31, 2019 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Assets: Loans held for investment $ — $ — $ 1,079,315 $ 1,079,315 Loans held for investment by the Company — — 43,693 43,693 Loans held for sale by the Company — — 722,355 722,355 Securities available for sale: Asset-backed senior securities and subordinated securities — 109,339 21,090 130,429 CLUB Certificate asset-backed securities — — 89,706 89,706 Corporate debt securities — 14,343 — 14,343 Certificates of deposit — 13,100 — 13,100 Other asset-backed securities — 12,080 — 12,080 Commercial paper — 9,274 — 9,274 U.S. agency securities — 1,995 — 1,995 Total securities available for sale — 160,131 110,796 270,927 Servicing assets — — 89,680 89,680 Total assets $ — $ 160,131 $ 2,045,839 $ 2,205,970 Liabilities: Notes, certificates and secured borrowings $ — $ — $ 1,081,466 $ 1,081,466 Payable to Structured Program note and certificate holders — — 40,610 40,610 Loan trailing fee liability — — 11,099 11,099 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 1,133,175 $ 1,133,175 As presented in the tables above, the Company has elected the fair value option for certain liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these financial liabilities caused by a change in the Company’s risk are reported in other comprehensive income (OCI). For the first quarter of 2020 , the amount reported in OCI is zero because these financial liabilities are either payable only upon receipt of cash flows from underlying loans or secured by cash collateral. Financial instruments are categorized in the valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. Since the Company’s loans held for investment and related notes, certificates, and secured borrowings, loans held for sale, loan servicing rights, asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions, and loan trailing fee liability do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, changes in fair value for assets and liabilities within the Level 2 or Level 3 categories may include changes in fair value that were attributable to observable and unobservable inputs, respectively. The Company primarily uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of Level 3 instruments based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. This model uses inputs that are inherently judgmental and reflect our best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate fair value. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of Level 3 during the first quarter of 2020 or the year ended December 31, 2019 . Fair valuation adjustments are recorded through earnings related to Level 3 instruments for the first quarter of 2020 and 2019 . Certain unobservable inputs may (in isolation) have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the financial instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. Loans Held for Investment, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loans held for investment, notes, certificates and secured borrowings at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Loans Held for Investment, Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Average Minimum Maximum Weighted- Average Discount rates 7.7 % 15.2 % 9.8 % 6.0 % 12.0 % 7.9 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 5.6 % 29.9 % 14.7 % 3.6 % 34.9 % 11.9 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 18.2 % 36.9 % 22.6 % 28.7 % 38.6 % 31.7 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan, note, certificate or secured borrowing. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the note, certificate and secured borrowings’ fair values used the same projected net cash flows as their related loans. As demonstrated by the following tables, the fair value adjustments for loans held for investment and loans held for sale were largely offset by the corresponding fair value adjustments due to the payment dependent design of the notes, certificates and secured borrowings. Fair Value Reconciliation The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans held for investment, loans held for sale, and notes, certificates and secured borrowings measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 : Loans Held for Investment Loans Held for Sale Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 1,148,888 $ (69,573 ) $ 1,079,315 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,148,888 $ (67,422 ) $ 1,081,466 Purchases 104,620 — 104,620 464,828 (1,879 ) 462,949 — — — Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale (17,478 ) — (17,478 ) 17,413 — 17,413 — — — Issuances — — — — — — 104,620 — 104,620 Sales — — — (482,241 ) 2,239 (480,002 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (215,748 ) — (215,748 ) — — — (233,226 ) — (233,226 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (29,620 ) 17,311 (12,309 ) — — — (29,620 ) 16,431 (13,189 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (52,987 ) (52,987 ) — (360 ) (360 ) — (52,831 ) (52,831 ) Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 990,662 $ (105,249 ) $ 885,413 $ — $ — $ — $ 990,662 $ (103,822 ) $ 886,840 Loans Held for Investment Loans Held for Sale Notes, Certificates and Secured Borrowings Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 2,013,438 $ (130,187 ) $ 1,883,251 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,033,258 $ (127,383 ) $ 1,905,875 Purchases 193,092 (21 ) 193,071 563,036 — 563,036 — — — Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale (223 ) — (223 ) — — — — — — Issuances — — — — — — 193,092 — 193,092 Sales — — — (563,036 ) (1,165 ) (564,201 ) — — — Principal payments and retirements (340,444 ) — (340,444 ) — — — (360,487 ) 14 (360,473 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (60,785 ) 46,876 (13,909 ) — — — (60,785 ) 46,876 (13,909 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (23,548 ) (23,548 ) — 1,165 1,165 — (21,359 ) (21,359 ) Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 1,805,078 $ (106,880 ) $ 1,698,198 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,805,078 $ (101,852 ) $ 1,703,226 Loans Invested in by the Company Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loans invested in by the Company at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Loans Invested in by the Company March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted- Discount rates 5.0 % 15.2 % 9.3 % 6.0 % 11.5 % 7.8 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 6.8 % 35.7 % 16.2 % 3.6 % 36.6 % 10.9 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 21.2 % 20.6 % 18.8 % 27.3 % 41.0 % 31.6 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity The fair value sensitivity of loans invested in by the Company to adverse changes in key assumptions as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , are as follows: March 31, December 31, Fair value of loans invested in by the Company $ 812,707 $ 766,048 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.6 1.5 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (11,261 ) $ (9,806 ) 200 basis point increase $ (22,272 ) $ (19,410 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ (15,842 ) $ (9,558 ) 20% adverse change $ (31,868 ) $ (19,136 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ (1,553 ) $ (2,429 ) 20% adverse change $ (3,219 ) $ (4,740 ) Fair Value Reconciliation The following tables present additional information about Level 3 loans invested in by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 : Loans Held for Investment by the Company Loans Held for Sale by the Company Total Loans Invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 47,042 $ (3,349 ) $ 43,693 $ 747,394 $ (25,039 ) $ 722,355 $ 794,436 $ (28,388 ) $ 766,048 Purchases 727 (693 ) 34 1,379,094 — 1,379,094 1,379,821 (693 ) 1,379,128 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale 43,188 — 43,188 (43,123 ) — (43,123 ) 65 — 65 Sales — — — (1,171,407 ) 19,909 (1,151,498 ) (1,171,407 ) 19,909 (1,151,498 ) Principal payments and retirements (5,684 ) — (5,684 ) (70,103 ) — (70,103 ) (75,787 ) — (75,787 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1,623 ) 134 (1,489 ) (6,298 ) 5,779 (519 ) (7,921 ) 5,913 (2,008 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (8,739 ) (8,739 ) — (94,502 ) (94,502 ) — (103,241 ) (103,241 ) Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 83,650 $ (12,647 ) $ 71,003 $ 835,557 $ (93,853 ) $ 741,704 $ 919,207 $ (106,500 ) $ 812,707 Loans Held for Investment by the Company Loans Held for Sale by the Company Total Loans Invested in by the Company Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Outstanding Principal Balance Valuation Adjustment Fair Value Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 3,518 $ (935 ) $ 2,583 $ 869,715 $ (29,694 ) $ 840,021 $ 873,233 $ (30,629 ) $ 842,604 Purchases 381 (379 ) 2 843,548 — 843,548 843,929 (379 ) 843,550 Transfers (to) from loans held for investment and/or loans held for sale 8,533 (1,471 ) 7,062 (8,310 ) 1,471 (6,839 ) 223 — 223 Sales — — — (1,045,880 ) 21,750 (1,024,130 ) (1,045,880 ) 21,750 (1,024,130 ) Principal payments and retirements (535 ) — (535 ) (67,818 ) — (67,818 ) (68,353 ) — (68,353 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (664 ) 437 (227 ) (6,383 ) 6,180 (203 ) (7,047 ) 6,617 (430 ) Change in fair value recorded in earnings — (128 ) (128 ) — (32,413 ) (32,413 ) — (32,541 ) (32,541 ) Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 11,233 $ (2,476 ) $ 8,757 $ 584,872 $ (32,706 ) $ 552,166 $ 596,105 $ (35,182 ) $ 560,923 Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted- Discount rates 1.1 % 20.0 % 11.0 % 3.4 % 20.7 % 8.8 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 7.3 % 46.8 % 24.8 % 4.5 % 37.9 % 19.2 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 4.4 % 19.5 % 10.6 % 17.3 % 35.1 % 29.4 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the outstanding collateral balance. Significant Recurring Fair Value Input Sensitivity The following tables present adverse changes to the fair value sensitivity of Level 2 and Level 3 asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions to changes in key assumptions at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : March 31, 2020 Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions Senior Securities Subordinated Securities CLUB Certificates Fair value of interests held $ 99,764 $ 16,676 $ 86,835 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.3 1.8 1.3 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (1,084 ) $ (285 ) $ (966 ) 200 basis point increase $ (2,143 ) $ (480 ) $ (1,907 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ — $ (2,752 ) $ (2,992 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (5,283 ) $ (6,009 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ — $ (692 ) $ (561 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (1,332 ) $ (1,156 ) December 31, 2019 Asset-Backed Securities Related to Structured Program Transactions Senior Securities Subordinated Securities CLUB Certificates Fair value of interests held $ 109,339 $ 21,090 $ 89,706 Expected weighted-average life (in years) 1.1 1.4 1.1 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (1,050 ) $ (300 ) $ (823 ) 200 basis point increase $ (2,076 ) $ (513 ) $ (1,627 ) Expected credit loss rates on underlying loans 10% adverse change $ — $ (2,162 ) $ (2,163 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (4,273 ) $ (4,311 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ — $ (814 ) $ (654 ) 20% adverse change $ — $ (1,495 ) $ (1,279 ) Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 asset-backed securities related to Structured Program transactions measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 : Three Months Ended 2020 2019 Fair value at beginning of period $ 110,796 $ 60,279 Additions 23,585 27,913 Cash received (16,266 ) (7,438 ) Change in unrealized gain (loss) (5,256 ) (166 ) Accrued interest 1,632 — Provision for credit loss expense (10,980 ) — Other-than-temporary impairment — (1,163 ) Fair value at end of period $ 103,511 $ 79,425 Servicing Assets Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for servicing assets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Servicing Assets March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted- Discount rates 7.5 % 15.1 % 10.3 % 2.9 % 14.8 % 8.6 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 5.9 % 35.4 % 16.3 % 3.7 % 36.1 % 12.4 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 14.0 % 23.4 % 21.3 % 27.5 % 41.8 % 32.5 % Total market servicing rates (% per annum on outstanding principal balance) (2) 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % 0.66 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. (2) Includes collection fees estimated to be paid to a hypothetical third-party servicer. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity The Company’s selection of the most representative market servicing rates for servicing assets is inherently judgmental. The Company reviews third-party servicing rates for its loans, loans in similar credit sectors, and market servicing benchmarking analyses provided by third-party valuation firms, when available. The table below shows the impact on the estimated fair value of servicing assets, calculated using different market servicing rate assumptions as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Servicing Assets March 31, December 31, 2019 Weighted-average market servicing rate assumptions 0.66 % 0.66 % Change in fair value from: Servicing rate increase by 0.10% $ (13,180 ) $ (13,978 ) Servicing rate decrease by 0.10% $ 13,181 $ 13,979 The following table presents the fair value sensitivity of servicing assets to adverse changes in key assumptions as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Servicing Assets March 31, December 31, 2019 Fair value of Servicing Assets $ 92,825 $ 89,680 Discount rates 100 basis point increase $ (748 ) $ (680 ) 200 basis point increase $ (1,495 ) $ (1,360 ) Expected loss rates 10% adverse change $ (667 ) $ (582 ) 20% adverse change $ (1,333 ) $ (1,165 ) Expected prepayment rates 10% adverse change $ (3,391 ) $ (2,962 ) 20% adverse change $ (6,781 ) $ (5,924 ) Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 servicing assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 : Three Months Ended 2020 2019 Fair value at beginning of period $ 89,680 $ 64,006 Issuances (1) 17,581 15,846 Change in fair value, included in investor fees (9,608 ) (11,039 ) Other net changes included in deferred revenue (4,828 ) 3,035 Fair value at end of period $ 92,825 $ 71,848 (1) Represents the gains or losses on sales of the related loans. Loan Trailing Fee Liability Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements for loan trailing fee liability at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Loan Trailing Fee Liability March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Minimum Maximum Weighted- Minimum Maximum Weighted- Discount rates 7.5 % 15.1 % 11.0 % 2.9 % 14.8 % 9.3 % Net cumulative expected loss rates (1) 6.1 % 35.4 % 18.6 % 3.7 % 36.0 % 14.4 % Cumulative expected prepayment rates (1) 16.1 % 23.8 % 20.8 % 28.5 % 41.7 % 33.0 % (1) Expressed as a percentage of the original principal balance of the loan. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Input Sensitivity The fair value sensitivity of the loan trailing fee liability to adverse changes in key assumptions would not result in a material impact on the Company’s financial position. Fair Value Reconciliation The following table presents additional information about Level 3 loan trailing fee liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 : Three Months Ended 2020 2019 Fair value at beginning of period $ 11,099 $ 10,010 Issuances 1,785 1,490 Cash payment of Loan Trailing Fee (2,068 ) (1,969 ) Change in fair value, included in Origination and Servicing (444 ) 530 Fair value at end of period $ 10,372 $ 10,061 Financial Instruments, Assets, and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments, assets, and liabilities not recorded at fair value at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : March 31, 2020 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 294,345 $ — $ 294,345 $ — $ 294,345 Restricted cash (1) 139,247 — 139,247 — 139,247 Servicer reserve receivable 55 — 55 — 55 Deposits 892 — 892 — 892 Total assets $ 434,539 $ — $ 434,539 $ — $ 434,539 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 10,892 $ — $ — $ 10,892 $ 10,892 Accounts payable 5,301 — 5,301 — 5,301 Payables to investors 50,003 — 50,003 — 50,003 Credit facilities and securities sold under repurchase agreements 621,020 — 63,567 557,453 621,020 Total liabilities $ 687,216 $ — $ 118,871 $ 568,345 $ 687,216 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. December 31, 2019 Carrying Amount Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Balance at Fair Value Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 243,779 $ — $ 243,779 $ — $ 243,779 Restricted cash (1) 243,343 — 243,343 — 243,343 Servicer reserve receivable 73 — 73 — 73 Deposits 953 — 953 — 953 Total assets $ 488,148 $ — $ 488,148 $ — $ 488,148 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 24,899 $ — $ — $ 24,899 $ 24,899 Accounts payable 10,855 — 10,855 — 10,855 Payables to investors 97,530 — 97,530 — 97,530 Credit facilities and securities sold under repurchase agreements 587,453 — 77,143 510,310 587,453 Total liabilities $ 720,737 $ — $ 185,528 $ 535,209 $ 720,737 (1) Carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these financial instruments. |