Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Rubicon Worldwide LLC and Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Foreign currency translation and transactions Rubicon Worldwide LLC’s assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates and capital accounts at historical exchange rates. The results of operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the respective period. Translation adjustments resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates for Rubicon Worldwide LLC are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. The Company has determined that the functional currency of Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD is the U.S. dollar. Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD’s assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the remeasurement method. Non-monetary assets are translated at historical exchange rates and monetary assets are translated at exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates. Translation adjustments for Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD are included in determining net income (loss) for the period. The results of operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the respective period. The Company records these gains and losses in other income (expense). Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are generated from the effects of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, which is the U.S. dollar. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are generally required to be recognized in the determination of net income (loss) for the period. The Company records these gains and losses in other income (expense). Investments The Company invests available cash primarily in investment grade commercial paper, FDIC guaranteed certificates of deposit, common stock, corporate notes and government securities. Investments classified as available-for-sale securities are carried at fair market value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Investments in trading securities are reported at fair value, with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income (expense), in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Investments in which the Company has the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate in order to support its current operations, are classified as short-term. The Company reviews its available-for-sale securities investments at the end of each quarter for other-than-temporary declines in fair value based on the specific identification method. The Company considers various factors in determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, including the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in underlying credit ratings, forecasted recovery, its ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and the probability that the scheduled cash payments will continue to be made. When the Company concludes that an other-than-temporary impairment has resulted, the difference between the fair value and carrying value is written off and recorded as a charge on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of September 30, 2015, no impairment was recorded. Accounts receivable The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable is due from manufacturers serving the light-emitting diode (“LED”) and optical systems and specialty electronics devices industries. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Accounts receivable are due based on contract terms and at stated amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering a number of factors, including the length of time a customer’s balance is past due, the customer’s current ability to pay and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are deemed uncollectible, and such write offs, net of payments received, are recorded as a reduction to bad debt expense. The following table shows the activity of the allowance for doubtful accounts: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 140 $ 50 Charges to costs and expenses 155 105 Accounts charged off, less recoveries 14 (15 ) Ending balance $ 309 $ 140 Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Raw materials cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method, and work-in-process and finished goods costs are determined on a weighted-average cost basis which includes materials, labor and overhead. The Company reduces the carrying value of its inventories for differences between the cost and the estimated net realizable value, taking into account usage, expected demand, technological obsolescence and other information. At times in 2015 and 2014, the Company has accepted sales orders for core and wafer products at prices lower than cost. Based on these sales prices, the Company recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, a lower of cost or market adjustment which reduced inventory and increased cost of goods sold by $1.1 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded a lower of cost or market adjustment which reduced inventory and increased costs of goods sold by $276,000 and $1.8 million, respectively. Inventories are composed of the following: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Raw materials $ 10,210 $ 14,503 Work in progress 10,495 6,357 Finished goods 2,407 1,879 $ 23,112 $ 22,739 The Company establishes inventory reserves when conditions exist that suggest inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based on customer specifications. The Company evaluates the ability to realize the value of its inventory based on a combination of factors, including forecasted sales, estimated current and future market value and changes in customers’ product specifications. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company determined it had inventory that was excess or obsolete and recorded an adjustment which reduced inventory and increased costs of goods sold by $1.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The Company’s method of estimating excess and obsolete inventory has remained consistent for all periods presented. Property and equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Land and land improvements $ 4,133 $ 4,133 Buildings 26,097 32,482 Machinery, equipment and tooling 50,310 127,158 Leasehold improvements 7,141 7,640 Furniture and fixtures 901 961 Information systems 1,087 1,140 Construction in progress 1,201 3,734 Total cost 90,870 177,248 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (31,791 ) (69,572 ) Property and equipment, net $ 59,079 $ 107,676 Revenue recognition Revenue recognized includes product sales and billings for costs and fees for government contracts. Product Sales The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when earned. Revenue is recognized when, and if, evidence of an arrangement is obtained and the other criteria to support revenue recognition are met, including: • Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists. • Title has passed and the product has been delivered. • The price is fixed or determinable. • Collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Government Contracts The Company recognizes research and development revenue in the period during which the related costs are incurred over the contractually defined period. In July 2012, the Company signed a contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory to produce large-area sapphire windows on a cost plus fixed fee basis. The Company records research and development revenue on a gross basis as costs are incurred, plus a portion of the fixed fee. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, $270,000 and $556,000 of revenue was recorded, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, $156,000 and $553,000 of revenue was recorded, respectively. The total value of the contract is $4.7 million, of which $3.9 million has been recorded through September 30, 2015. The Company does not provide maintenance or other services and it does not have sales that involve multiple elements or deliverables. Net income per common share Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted shares outstanding are calculated by adding to the weighted-average shares any outstanding stock options and warrants based on the treasury stock method. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. At September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company had the following anti-dilutive securities outstanding which were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share: September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Warrants — 117,522 Stock options 1,130 142,104 Total 1,130 259,626 Other comprehensive loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss includes net earnings (loss) and other non-owner changes in equity that bypass the statement of operations and are reported in a separate component of equity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, other comprehensive loss includes the unrealized loss on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. The following table summarizes the components of comprehensive loss: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 (in thousands) Reclassification of unrealized gain included in net loss $ — $ 388 Unrealized loss on investments (14 ) (415 ) Unrealized loss on currency translation (13 ) (16 ) Ending Balance $ (27 ) $ (43 ) Recent accounting pronouncement In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-14 (“ASU 2014-09”) Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs . Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements |