Rubicon Technology (RBCN) 10-K 20 Mar 20 2019 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 28, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Rubicon Technology, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001410172
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Filer Number	001-33834
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	DE
Entity Public Float			$ 19,128,504
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,668,507

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,709	$ 11,241
Restricted cash	171	169
Short-term investments	15,458	14,356
Accounts receivable, net	1,053	733
Inventories	1,710	2,130
Other inventory supplies	140	183
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	488	109
Assets held for sale	3,957	4,145
Total current assets	31,686	33,066
Inventories, non-current	468
Property and equipment, net	2,647	2,728
Total assets	34,801	35,794
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Accounts payable	733	400
Accrued payroll	53	28
Accrued and other current liabilities	344	345
Corporate income and franchise taxes	296	286
Accrued real estate taxes	114	96
Advance payments	16	39
Total current liabilities	1,556	1,194
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000 undesignated shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding
Common stock, $0.001 par value 8,200,000 shares authorized; 2,955,253 and 2,919,542 shares issued; 2,702,171 and 2,733,601 shares outstanding	29	29
Additional paid-in capital	376,306	375,979
Treasury stock, at cost, 253,082 and 185,941 shares	(12,749)	(12,213)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1)	(2)
Accumulated deficit	(330,340)	(329,193)
Total stockholders' equity	33,245	34,600
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 34,801	$ 35,794

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, undesignated shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued
Preferred stock, shares outstanding
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	8,200,000	8,200,000
Common stock, shares issued	2,955,253	2,919,542
Common stock, shares outstanding	2,702,171	2,733,601
Treasury stock, shares	253,082	185,941

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 3,526	$ 3,878
Cost of goods sold	2,444	3,862
Gross profit (loss)	1,082	16
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	2,548	2,250
Sales and marketing	361	376
Research and development		122
(Gain) loss on sale or disposal of assets	(577)	(3,367)
Income (loss) from operations	(1,250)	635
Other income:
Interest income	460	361
Realized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(165)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(171)
Realized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation	1	(9)
Total other income	125	352
Income (loss) before income taxes	(1,125)	987
Income tax expense	(22)	(24)
Net income (loss)	$ (1,147)	$ 963
Net income (loss) per common share
Basic	$ (0.42)	$ 0.35
Diluted	$ (0.42)	$ 0.35
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing net income (loss) per common share
Basic	2,707,811	2,729,548
Diluted	2,707,811	2,734,721

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ (1,147)	$ 963
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of taxes		1
Unrealized gain (loss) on currency translation	1
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1	1
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ (1,146)	$ 964

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common stock	Treasury stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accum other comp inc.	Accum deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 29	$ (12,148)	$ 375,611	$ (3)	$ (330,156)	$ 33,333
Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2017	2,910,334	(177,484)
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			1			1
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes, Shares	125
Stock-based compensation			47			47
Restricted stock issued			69			69
Restricted stock issued, Shares	6,592
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			251			251
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes, Shares	2,491
Unrealized gain on currency translation				1		1
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost		$ (65)				(65)
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost, Shares		(8,457)
Net income					963	963
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 29	$ (12,213)	375,979	(2)	(329,193)	34,600
Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2018	2,919,542	(185,941)
Stock-based compensation			508			508
Restricted stock issued			15			15
Restricted stock issued, Shares	2,538
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			(196)			(196)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes, Shares	33,173
Unrealized gain on currency translation				1		1
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost		$ (536)				(536)
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost, Shares		(67,141)
Net income					(1,147)	(1,147)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 29	$ (12,749)	$ 376,306	$ (1)	$ (330,340)	$ 33,245
Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2019	2,955,253	(253,082)

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ (1,147)	$ 963
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	169	355
Net (gain) loss on sale or disposal of assets	(577)	(3,367)
Unrealized (gain) loss on equity investments	171
Stock-based compensation	523	381
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(320)	(15)
Inventories	(48)	900
Other inventory supplies	42	76
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(380)	161
Accounts payable	332	(182)
Accrued payroll	25	(73)
Corporate income and franchise taxes	(7)	(8)
Accrued real estate taxes	11	(153)
Advance payments	(22)	(20)
Accrued and other current liabilities	(2)	(84)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,230)	(1,066)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of assets	(64)	(2,280)
Proceeds from sale or disposal of assets	765	11,016
Purchase of investments	(1,575)	(8,106)
Proceeds from sale of investments	304	201
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(570)	831
Cash flows from financing activities
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(194)	(14)
Purchases of treasury stock	(536)	(65)
Net cash used in financing activities	(730)	(79)
Net effect of currency translation		(1)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(2,530)	(315)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	11,410	11,725
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	$ 8,880	$ 11,410

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of business Rubicon Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), is a vertically integrated, advanced materials provider specializing in monocrystalline sapphire for applications in optical and industrial systems. The Company sells its products on a global basis to customers in North America, Europe and Asia. The Company maintains its operating facility in the Chicago metropolitan area. Principles of consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Rubicon Technology Worldwide LLC, Rubicon DTP LLC, Rubicon Technology BP LLC, Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD and Rubicon Technology Hong Kong Limited. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements follows. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all unrestricted highly liquid investments immediately available to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily consist of time deposits with banks, unsettled trades and brokerage money market accounts. Restricted cash A summary of the Company's restricted cash at December 31, 2019 and 2018, is as follows: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Fixed deposits 171 169 $ 171 $ 169 Foreign currency translation and transactions Rubicon Technology Worldwide LLC, and Rubicon Technology Hong Kong Limited assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates and capital accounts at historical exchange rates. The results of operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the respective period. Translation adjustments resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates for Rubicon Technology Worldwide LLC and Rubicon Technology Hong Kong Limited are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity. The Company has determined that the functional currency of Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD is the U.S. dollar. Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD's assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the remeasurement method. Non-monetary assets are translated at historical exchange rates and monetary assets are translated at exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates. Translation adjustments for Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD are included in determining net income (loss) for the period. The results of operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the respective period. The Company records these gains and losses in other income. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are generated from the effects of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, which is the U.S. dollar. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are generally required to be recognized in the determination of net income (loss) for the period. The Company records these gains and losses in other income. Investments We invest our available cash primarily in U.S. Treasury securities, investment grade commercial paper, FDIC guaranteed certificates of deposit, common stock, equity related securities and corporate notes. Investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Investments in equity securities are reported at fair value, with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income, in the consolidated statements of operations. Investments in which the Company has the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate are classified as short-term. The Company reviews its available-for-sale debt securities investments at the end of each quarter for other-than-temporary declines in fair value based on the specific identification method. The Company considers various factors in determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, including the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in underlying credit ratings, forecasted recovery, its ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and the probability that the scheduled cash payments will continue to be made. When the Company concludes that an other-than-temporary impairment has resulted, the difference between the fair value and carrying value is written off and recorded as a charge on the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment was recorded. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers The Company records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. In November 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $3 million of the Company's common stock. The Company's share repurchase program does not obligate it to acquire any specific number of shares. Under the program, shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions. The timing, price and volume of repurchases will be based upon market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors. The stock repurchase plan expires on November 19, 2021, and may be terminated at any time. Share repurchase activity during the year ended December 31, 2019, was as follows: Periods Total Average Total Approximate of shares that may yet be purchased January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 67,141 $ 7.97 67,141 2,399 Total 67,141 $ 2,399 Accounts receivable The majority of the Company's accounts receivable are due from defense subcontractors, industrial manufacturers, fabricators and resellers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition. Accounts receivable are due based on contract terms and at stated amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Losses from credit sales are provided for in the financial statements. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time a customer's account is past due, the customer's current ability to pay and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are deemed uncollectible and such write-offs, net of payments received, are recorded as a reduction to the allowance. The following table shows the activity of the allowance for doubtful accounts: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 7 $ 7 Charges to costs and expenses 33 — Account write-offs, less recoveries — — Ending balance $ 40 $ 7 Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is determined based on an estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal. Raw materials cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method, and work-in-process and finished goods costs are determined on a standard cost basis, which includes materials, labor and overhead. The Company reduces the carrying value of its inventories for differences between the cost and the estimated net realizable value, taking into account usage, expected demand, technological obsolescence and other relevant information. The Company establishes inventory reserves when conditions exist that suggest inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based on customer specifications. The Company evaluates the ability to realize the value of its inventory based on a combination of factors, including forecasted sales, estimated current and future market value and changes in customers' product specifications. The Company's method of estimating excess and obsolete inventory has remained consistent for all periods presented. The Company recorded for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, a lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment which reduced inventory and increased cost of goods sold by $35,000 and $6,000, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the Company used some of its previously written down two-inch diameter core material in production of optical and industrial sapphire wafers and did not record any additional adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The Company evaluates the amount of raw material needed for future production based on expected crystal growth production needed to meet anticipated sales. The Company did not record any write-downs of its raw materials inventory for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Inventories are composed of the following: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Raw materials $ 468 $ 468 Work-in-process 901 1,322 Finished goods 809 340 $ 2,178 $ 2,130 In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company made the determination that raw material inventories were such that the likelihood of significant usage within the current year was doubtful and reclassified such raw material inventories as non-current in the reported financial statements. Other inventory supplies The Company's other inventory supplies include stock of consumable assets and spare parts used in the manufacturing process. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a write-down of certain of its obsolete consumable assets in the amount of $63,000. No additional write-downs were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2019. Assets held for sale An asset is considered to be held for sale when all of the following criteria are met: (i) management commits to a plan to sell the asset; (ii) it is unlikely that the disposal plan will be significantly modified or discontinued; (iii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition; (iv) actions required to complete the sale of the asset have been initiated; (v) sale of the asset is probable and the completed sale is expected to occur within one year; and (vi) the asset is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable given its current market value. A long-lived asset classified as held for sale is measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. If the long-lived asset is newly acquired, the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is established based on its fair value less cost to sell at the acquisition date. A long-lived asset is not depreciated or amortized while it is classified as held for sale. Property and equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Machinery, equipment and tooling $ 3,341 $ 3,293 Buildings 1,711 1,686 Information systems 835 819 Land and land improvements 594 594 Furniture and fixtures 8 8 Total cost 6,489 6,400 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (3,842 ) (3,672 ) Property and equipment, net $ 2,647 $ 2,728 Property and equipment are carried at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred. Significant renewals and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment was $169,000 and $355,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Asset description Life Buildings 39 years Machinery, equipment and tooling 3-10 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Information systems 3 years Warranty cost The Company's sales terms include a warranty that its products will meet certain specifications. The Company records a current liability for the expected cost of warranty-related claims at the time of sale. The warranty reserve is included in accrued and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents changes in the Company's product warranty liability: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 8 $ 15 Charged to cost of sales 31 23 Actual product warranty expenditures (35 ) (30 ) Balance, end of period $ 4 $ 8 The Company does not provide maintenance or other services and it does not have sales that involve bill & hold arrangements, multiple elements or deliverables. However, the Company does provide product warranty for up to 90 days, for which the Company has accrued a warranty reserve of $4,000 and $8,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Fair value of financial instruments The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. The carrying values of these assets and liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018. Concentration of credit risks and other risks and uncertainties Financial instruments that could potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had $1.6 million on deposit at foreign financial institutions. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had $5.7 million on deposit at financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC and other foreign governmental insurance agencies. This compares to a $6.8 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company performs a periodic evaluation of these institutions for relative credit standing. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes it is not exposed to any significant risk of loss on these balances. The Company uses third parties for certain finishing functions for its products, including the slicing and polishing of its sapphire crystal inventory. These types of services are only available from a limited number of third parties. The Company's ability to successfully outsource these finishing functions will substantially depend on its ability to develop, maintain and expand its strategic relationship with these third parties. As a result, the Company may be unable to meet the demand for its products, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company. Concentration of credit risk related to revenue and accounts receivable is discussed in Note 4. Revenue recognition Revenues recognized include product sales and billings for costs and fees for government contracts. Product Sales The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers Government Contracts The Company recognizes R&D revenue in the period during which the related costs are incurred over the contractually defined period. In July 2012, the Company signed a contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory (the LANCE government contract) to produce large-area sapphire windows on a cost plus fixed fee basis for a total contract amount of $4.7 million. The deliverables under the contract included development of machinery and technology to be able to produce large area sapphire windows, prove the concept of growing large windows with that equipment and delivery of large area sapphire windows. The Company records research and development revenue on a gross basis as costs are incurred, plus a portion of the fixed fee over a period of time as the obligations (machinery, proof of concept and finished windows) are completed following the input method of measuring progress which recognizes revenue as resources are consumed, labor hours expended and costs are incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2018, $56,000 of revenue was recorded. The performance obligations under this contract were completed in the year ended December 31, 2018 and as such, no R&D revenue for this contract was recognized in the year ended December 31, 2019. Shipping and handling costs The Company records costs incurred in connection with shipping and handling of products as cost of goods sold. Amounts billed to customers in connection with these costs are included in revenue and are not material for any of the periods presented in the accompanying financial statements. Sales tax The Company collects and remits sales taxes on products sold to customers and reports such amounts under the net method in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and records a liability until remitted to the respective tax authority. Stock-based compensation The Company requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be measured at fair value and expensed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the service period (generally the vesting period) of the grant. Expense is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for these share-based payments. The Company uses Black Scholes option pricing model in order to determine the fair value of stock option grants. Research and development R&D costs are expensed as incurred. There was no R&D expense recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019. R&D expense was $122,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. There were no interest or penalties related to income taxes that have been accrued or recognized as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S., Malaysia and in a U.S. state jurisdiction. Due to the existence of NOL carryforwards, tax years ended December 31, 2001 through 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2012 through 2018 are open to examination by tax authorities for Federal purposes. Due to NOL carryforwards at the State level, tax years ended 2008, 2009 and 2012 through 2018 are open to examination by state tax authorities. Tax years 2013 through 2018 are open to examination by the Malaysia Inland Revenue Board. Income taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are provided for temporary differences between financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws expected to be in effect when the differences will reverse. Deferred income taxes also arise from the future benefits of NOL carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Full valuation allowances on net deferred tax assets are maintained until an appropriate level of profitability that generates taxable income is deemed sustainable or until a tax strategy is developed that would enable the Company to conclude that it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets will be realizable. Based on an evaluation in accordance with the accounting standards, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, a valuation allowance has been recorded against the net U.S. and Malaysia deferred tax assets in order to measure only the portion of the deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized based on the weight of all the available evidence. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Other comprehensive loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other non-owner changes in equity that bypass the statement of operations and are reported in a separate component of equity. Net income (loss) per common share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted shares outstanding are calculated by adding to the weighted-average shares (a) any outstanding stock options based on the treasury stock method and (b) restricted stock units ("RSU"). Diluted net income per share was the same as basic net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2019, because the effects of potentially dilutive securities did not have a material impact on the calculation of diluted net income per share. The Company had outstanding options exercisable into 19,500 shares of the Company's common stock that would have had an anti-dilutive effect at December 31, 2019. Diluted net loss per common share was the same as basic net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2018, because the effects of potentially dilutive securities were anti-dilutive. New accounting pronouncements adopted In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 ("ASU 2016-18"), Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amount shown on the statement of cash flows. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature of restrictions on cash balances and how the statement of cash flows reconciles to the balance sheet in any situation in which the balance sheet includes more than one line item of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company's adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents of $8,709,000 and restricted cash of $171,000 on the consolidated balance sheet are presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows as $8,880,000 as the end-of-year balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. As of December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents of $11,241,000 and restricted cash of $169,000 on the consolidated balance sheet are presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows as $11,410,000 as the end-of-year balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 ("ASU 2016-02"), Leases (Topic 842) In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 ("ASU 2018-07"), Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. These amendments expand the scope of Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which currently only includes share-based payments to employees, to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees and employees will be substantially aligned. ASU 2018-07 supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity – Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The guidance is effective for public companies for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company's adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At this time, the Company does not recognize the existence of any non-employee relationships involving share-based payments. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 effective January 1, 2019, did not have any material impact on the consolidated financial statements, as the Company has not entered into any material transactions involving share-based payments with non-employees. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 ("ASU 2018-13"), Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 revises the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on its financial statements. The Company has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
SEGMENT INFORMATION	2. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company has determined that it operates in two segments, the sapphire and pharmacy business. Revenue is attributed by geographic region based on ship-to location of the Company's customers. The following table summarizes revenue by geographic region: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) North America $ 3,324 $ 3,389 Asia 185 478 Other 17 11 Total revenue $ 3,526 $ 3,878 The following table summarizes sales by product type: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Optical $ 3,338 $ 3,781 Core 9 41 Research & development — 56 Rubicon DTP 179 — Total revenue $ 3,526 $ 3,878 The following table summarizes assets by geographic region: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) United States $ 29,703 $ 30,680 Malaysia 5,094 5,110 Other 4 4 Total assets $ 34,801 $ 35,794 Rubicon DTP accounted for approximately $447,000 of the Company's loss for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
INVESTMENTS	3. INVESTMENTS The Company invests available cash primarily in U.S. Treasury securities, investment grade commercial paper, FDIC guaranteed certificates of deposit, common stock, equity related securities and corporate notes. Investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Investments in equity securities are reported at fair value, with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded as unrealized gain/(loss) on investments and realized gain on investments, in other income/(expense), in the consolidated statements of operations. Investments in which the Company has the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate are classified as short-term. The following table presents the amortized cost, and gross unrealized gains and losses on all securities at December 31, 2019: Amortized Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) Short-term investments: U.S. Treasury securities $ 14,668 $ — $ — $ 14,668 Marketable securities 961 — (171 ) 790 Total short-term investments $ 15,629 $ — $ (171 ) $ 15,458 The following table presents the amortized cost, and gross unrealized gains and losses on all securities at December 31, 2018: Amortized Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) Short-term investments: U.S. Treasury securities $ 14,357 $ — $ (1 ) $ 14,356 Total short-term investments $ 14,357 $ — $ (1 ) $ 14,356 The Company values its investments at fair value, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: ● Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. ● Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. ● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company's fixed income available-for-sale securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities, high-quality investment grade commercial paper, FDIC guaranteed certificates of deposit, common stock, equity related securities and corporate notes. The Company values these securities based on pricing from pricing vendors, who may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the Company's financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models, such as discounted cash flow techniques. The following table summarizes the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 3,759 $ — $ — $ 3,759 Investments: Available-for-sales securities—current: U.S. Treasury securities — 14,668 — 14,668 Marketable securities 790 — 790 Total $ 4,549 $ 14,668 $ — $ 19,217 The following table summarizes the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 2,821 $ — $ — $ 2,821 Investments: Available-for-sales securities—current: U.S. Treasury securities — 14,356 — 14,356 Total $ 2,821 $ 14,356 $ — $ 17,177 There are no terms or conditions restricting the Company from redeeming any of its investments. In addition to the debt securities noted above, the Company had approximately $4.9 million and $8.4 million of time deposits included in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Significant Customers

Significant Customers	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Significant Customers [Abstract]
SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS	4. SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had three customers that accounted for approximately 31%, 15% and 12% of its revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company had three customers that accounted for approximately 18%, 16% and 10% of its revenue. Customers individually representing more than 10% of trade receivables accounted for approximately 74% and 79% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Assets Held for Sale and Long-L

Assets Held for Sale and Long-Lived Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS	5. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset's carrying value using estimates of the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of assets is determined using appraisal techniques which assume the highest and best use of the asset by market participants, considering the use of the asset that is physically possible, legally permissible, and financially feasible at the measurement date. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income. In connection with the Company's decision in 2016 to limit its focus to the optical and industrial sapphire markets and exit the LED market, the Company developed a plan to close its Malaysia facility, scale down and consolidate remaining operations in the U.S. and sell additional assets that would not be needed. The Company evaluated its U.S. and Malaysia asset portfolios to identify assets needed for its current business strategy and excess assets that were no longer needed. The Company determined it had excess machinery, equipment and facilities. Excess U.S. and Malaysia assets were evaluated based on assuming an orderly liquidation plan, which considers economic obsolescence and sales of comparable equipment, as it is the Company's intention to sell these assets. Additionally, the Company evaluated its U.S. assets continuing to be used in operations using a cost and market approach to determine the current fair value. In September 2018, the Company completed the sale of its 134,400 square-foot manufacturing and office facility located in Batavia, Illinois, with the net book value of $5.9 million. The sale price for the property was $6.7 million, the Company realized net proceeds of approximately $6.4 million after the payment of real estate taxes, brokerage and legal fees, transfer taxes and other expenses, and recorded a gain on sale of this asset of $504,000. In the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed individual sales and held auctions for equipment and consumable assets located at each of its U.S. properties, resulting in the sale of certain of its excess U.S. equipment and excess consumable assets, which had a total net book value of $1.6 million. In the beginning of 2018, the Company intended to sell a certain number of its crystal growth furnaces. Due to the changed needs and business plan, the Company reduced the number of furnaces it wanted to sell. The difference in the number of furnaces the Company originally intended to sell and the number it actually disposed of, had a net book value of $236,000. The additional furnaces that the Company decided to retain were reclassified from current assets held for sale to fixed assets held and used at December 31, 2018. Additionally, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company completed sales of Malaysia equipment with a total net book value of $131,000. Based on these sales, a gain on disposal of equipment and consumable assets of $2.9 million was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018. Unsold excess Malaysia equipment continued to be classified as current assets held for sale at December 31, 2018. In the year ended December 31, 2019, we completed the sale of the remaining excess equipment located in Malaysia for total consideration of $490,000. Such equipment had a total net book value of $188,000, thereby resulting in a gain on disposal of $302,000. The Company is pursuing the sale of its parcel of land in Batavia, Illinois and in Penang, Malaysia. We have entered into an agreement to sell our manufacturing facility located in Penang, Malaysia. Although the Company cannot assure the timing of these sales, these properties were classified as current assets held for sale at December 31, 2019 and 2018, as it is the Company's intention to complete these sales within the next twelve-month period. In September 2018, the Company completed the purchase of a property located in Bensenville, Illinois. The purchase price for the property was approximately $2.3 million. Previously, the Company leased the Bensenville property and it was the headquarters of its operations and one of its growth facilities. The Company used its cash on hand to purchase the property.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	6. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Common stock At the Company's annual meeting of stockholders held on May 3, 2017, the Company's stockholders approved amendments to the Company's Eighth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended, the "Certificate of Incorporation") to (i) effect a reverse stock split of the Company's common stock; and (ii) decrease the Company's authorized number of shares of common stock to three times the number of shares of the Company's common stock outstanding immediately following the reverse stock split. On May 3, 2017, following the annual meeting, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to (a) implement the reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-10; and (b) to reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock from 40,000,000 to 8,200,000, consequently reducing the number of total authorized shares from 45,000,000 to 13,200,000. With the completion of the reverse stock split, the Company's shares began trading above the required $1.00 per share closing bid price, as required by the Listing Qualifications Department of NASDAQ. The share information has been retroactively reflected for the effects of this reverse stock split for all periods presented. Preferred stock At the Company's annual meeting of stockholders held on May 10, 2018, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to decrease the Company's authorized number of shares of preferred stock from 5,000,000 shares to 1,000,000 shares. The Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to decrease the authorized number of preferred shares, consequently reducing the number of total authorized shares from 13,200,000 to 9,200,000. Common shares reserved As of December 31, 2019, the Company had reserved 76,842 shares of common stock for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding common stock options and vesting of RSUs. Also 281,386 shares of the Company's common stock were reserved for future grants of stock options and RSUs (or other similar equity instruments) under the Rubicon Technology, Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan") as of December 31, 2019.

Stockholder Rights Agreement

Stockholder Rights Agreement	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements [Abstract]
STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS AGREEMENT	7. STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS AGREEMENT On December 18, 2017, the Company entered into a Section 382 Rights Agreement with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as Rights Agent (the "Rights Agreement") in an effort to protect stockholder value by attempting to diminish the risk that the Company's ability to use its net NOLs to reduce potential future federal income tax obligations may become substantially limited. The Company's ability to utilize its NOLs may be substantially limited if the Company experiences an "ownership change" within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "IRC"). The Rights Agreement is intended to act as a deterrent to any person acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of the Company's outstanding common stock without the approval of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board"). The Board authorized the issuance of one Right for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, payable to stockholders of record date of the close of business on January 2, 2018. One Right will also be issued together with each share of the Company's common stock issued after January 2, 2018 but before the Distribution Date (as defined below) and, in certain circumstances, after the Distribution Date. Subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, if the Rights become exercisable, each Right would initially represent the right to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the "Series A Preferred Stock") for a purchase price of $40.00. If issued, each one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock would give the stockholder approximately the same dividend, voting and liquidation rights as does one share of common stock. However, prior to exercise, a Right does not give its holder any rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, any dividend, voting or liquidation rights. The Rights will not be exercisable until the earlier of (i) ten business days after a public announcement that a person has become an "Acquiring Person" by acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of outstanding common stock (or, in the case of a person that had beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock as of the close of business on December 18, 2017, by obtaining beneficial ownership of any additional shares of common stock representing 0.5% or more of the shares of common stock then outstanding (other than pursuant to a dividend or distribution paid or made by the Company on the outstanding shares of the common stock or pursuant to a split or subdivision of the outstanding shares of common stock) at a time such person still beneficially owns 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock), and (ii) ten business days (or such later date as may be specified by the Board prior to such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the commencement of a tender or exchange offer by or on behalf of a person that, if completed, would result in such person becoming an Acquiring Person (the "Distribution Date"). Until the Distribution Date, common stock certificates or the ownership statements issued with respect to uncertificated shares of common stock will evidence the Rights. Any transfer of shares of common stock prior to the Distribution Date will also constitute a transfer of the associated Rights. After the Distribution Date, separate rights certificates will be issued and the Rights may be transferred other than in connection with the transfer of the underlying shares of common stock unless and until the Board has determined to effect an exchange pursuant to the Rights Agreement (as described below). In the event that a person becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right, other than Rights that are or, under certain circumstances, were beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person (which will thereupon become void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right and payment of the purchase price, a number of shares of the Company's common stock (or, in certain circumstances, cash, property or other securities of the Company) having a market value equal to two times the purchase price. However, Rights are subject to redemption and exchange at the option of the Company. In the event that, at any time following a person becoming an Acquiring Person, (i) the Company engages in a merger or other business combination transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation; (ii) the Company engages in a merger or other business combination transaction in which the Company is the surviving corporation and the common stock is changed or exchanged; or (iii) 50% or more of the Company's assets, cash flow or earning power is sold or transferred, each holder of a Right (except Rights which have previously been voided) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise of the Right, common stock of the acquiring company having a value equal to two times the purchase price. At any time until the earlier of December 18, 2020, and ten calendar days following the first date of public announcement that a person has become an Acquiring Person or that discloses information which reveals the existence of an Acquiring Person or such earlier date as a majority of the Board becomes aware of the existence of an Acquiring Person, the Board may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right (the "Redemption Price"). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price. At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Board may, at its option, exchange the Rights (other than Rights that have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of common stock, or a fractional share of Series A Preferred Stock (or of a share of a similar class or series of the Company's preferred stock having similar rights, preferences and privileges) of equivalent value, per Right (subject to adjustment). Immediately upon an exchange of any Rights, the right to exercise such Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the number of shares of common stock (or fractional share of Series A Preferred Stock or of a share of a similar class or series of the Company's preferred stock having similar rights, preferences and privileges) equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the exchange ratio. Each one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, if issued: (i) will be nonredeemable and junior to any other series of preferred stock the Company may issue (unless otherwise provided in the terms of such other series), (ii) will entitle holders to preferential cumulative quarterly dividends in an amount per share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (a) $1 or (b) 1,000 times the aggregate the dividends, if any, declared on one share of the Company's common stock, (iii) will entitle holders upon liquidation (voluntary or otherwise) to receive $1,000 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, (iv) will have the same voting power as one share of common stock, and (v) will entitle holders to a per share payment equal to the payment made on one share of the Company's common stock, if shares of the common stock are exchanged via merger, consolidation, or a similar transaction. Because of the nature of the Series A Preferred Stock's dividend, liquidation and voting rights, the value of a Unit of Series A Preferred Stock purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of one share of common stock. The Rights and the Rights Agreement will expire on the earliest of (i) December 18, 2020, (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed pursuant to the Rights Agreement, (iii) the time at which the Rights are exchanged in full pursuant to the Rights Agreement, (iv) the date that the Board determines that the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary for the preservation of material valuable Tax Benefits, (v) the beginning of a taxable year of the Company to which the Board determines that no NOL tax benefits may be carried forward, and (vi) a determination by the Board, prior to the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, that the Rights Agreement and the Rights are no longer in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The Board may adjust the purchase price, the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock or other securities or assets issuable and the number of outstanding Rights to prevent dilution that may occur as a result of certain events, including among others, a stock dividend, a stock split or a reclassification of the Series A Preferred Stock or common stock. With certain exceptions, no adjustments to the purchase price will be required until cumulative adjustments amount to at least 1% of the purchase price. For so long as the Rights are redeemable, the Board may supplement or amend any provision of the Rights Agreement in any respect without the approval of the holders of the Rights. From and after the time the Rights are no longer redeemable, the Board may supplement or amend the Rights Agreement only to cure an ambiguity, to alter time period provisions, to correct inconsistent provisions, or to make any additional changes to the Rights Agreement which the Company may deem necessary or desirable, but only to the extent that those changes do not impair or adversely affect any Rights holder (other than an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or certain of their transferees) and do not result in the Rights again becoming redeemable or the Rights Agreement again becoming amendable other than in accordance with this sentence. In connection with the adoption of the Rights Agreement and authorization and declaration of the dividend of the Rights, on December 18, 2017, the Company filed the Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The Certificate of Designation became effective on December 18, 2017.

Stock Incentive Plans

Stock Incentive Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS	8. STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS In August 2007, the Company adopted the Rubicon Technology Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which was amended and restated effective in March 2011 (the "2007 Plan"), and which allowed for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, performance awards and bonus shares. The maximum number of shares that could be awarded under the 2007 Plan was 440,769 shares. Options granted under the 2007 Plan entitle the holder to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at the specified option exercise price, which could not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date. On June 24, 2016, the 2007 Plan terminated with the adoption of the Rubicon Technology, Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, (the "2016 Plan"). Any existing awards under the 2007 Plan remain outstanding in accordance with their current terms under the 2007 Plan. In June 2016, the Company's stockholders approved adoption of the 2016 Plan effective as of March 17, 2016, which allows for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, performance awards and bonus shares. The Compensation Committee of the Board administers the 2016 Plan. The committee determines the type of award to be granted, the fair value, the number of shares covered by the award, and the time when the award vests and may be exercised. Pursuant to the 2016 Plan, 222,980 shares of the Company's common stock plus any shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2007 Plan that subsequently expire unexercised, are forfeited without the delivery of shares or are settled in cash, will be available for issuance under the 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan will automatically terminate on March 17, 2026, unless the Company terminates it sooner. The following table summarizes the activity of the stock incentive and equity plans: Shares Number of Weighted- Number of Number of Outstanding at January 1, 2018 274,494 125,564 19.53 97,692 22,384 Granted (47,953 ) 10,000 — 1,878 36,075 Exercised/issued — (938 ) 6.10 — (5,300 ) Canceled/forfeited 68,526 (65,543 ) 31.66 — (2,983 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 295,067 69,083 12.10 99,570 50,176 Granted (60,925 ) 1,000 — — 925 Exercised/issued — — — — (6,098 ) Canceled/forfeited 47,244 (47,244 ) 11.35 — — Outstanding at December 31, 2019 281,386 22,839 $ 13.48 99,570 45,003 The following table sets forth option grants made during 2019. There is no intrinsic value because the exercise price per share of each option was equal to the fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. Date of grant Number of Exercise Intrinsic May 2019 1,000 $ 8.34 — At December 31, 2019, the exercise prices of outstanding options were as follows: Exercise price Number of Average Number of $6.10 - $13.50 20,500 6.75 14,634 $40.10 - $44.10 1,850 4.94 1,850 $77.50 - $121.10 — — — $194.90 - $226.90 489 0.44 489 22,839 4.86 17,973 The weighted average grant date fair value of the options that became vested in the years ended 2019 and 2018 was $77,000 and $76,000, respectively. The following table summarizes the activity of non-vested options: Non-vested Weighted- Non-vested at January 1, 2018 46,842 $ 8.26 Granted 10,000 7.77 Vested (8,413 ) 9.04 Cancelled (26,437 ) 8.99 Non-vested at December 31, 2018 21,992 6.86 Granted 1,000 8.34 Vested (10,878 ) 7.07 Cancelled (7,248 ) 7.25 Non-vested at December 31, 2019 4,866 $ 5.79 The Company's aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock options and the fair value of the Company's common stock. Based on the fair value of the common stock at December 31, 2019 there was $43,000 of intrinsic value arising from 19,500 stock options exercisable or outstanding. The Company used historical stock prices as the basis for its volatility assumptions. The assumed risk-free rates were based on U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of grant with a term consistent with the expected option lives. The expected term for the year ended December 31, 2019, is based upon the Company's median average life of its options. The forfeiture rate is based on the past history of forfeited options. The expense is being allocated using the straight-line method. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $24,000 and $47,000, respectively, of stock option compensation expense. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has $12,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options granted under the Company's stock-based plans that it expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 0.75 years. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the assumptions used for the estimated fair value at the date of option grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model were as follows: 2019 Weighted-average fair value per option $ 6.09 Expected term 5.1 years Risk-free interest rate 2.95% Volatility 47% Dividend yield None Forfeiture rate 24.43 % Pursuant to an employment agreement in March 2017, which was subsequently amended on May 12, 2017, the Company granted 30,902 and 59,098 RSUs to a key executive in years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following table summarizes the award vesting terms for the RSUs granted in 2019: Number of RSUs Target price 925 $ 7.95 The following table summarizes the award vesting terms for the RSUs granted in 2018: Number of restricted stock units Target price 902 $ 11.00 15,000 $ 12.50 15,000 $ 14.00 The RSUs vest in the amounts set forth below on the first date the 15-trading day average closing price of the Company's common stock equals or exceeds the corresponding target price for the common stock before May 12, 2021. At the time the negotiation of the terms of the employment agreement began, the closing price of the common stock was $5.50. On the date of grant, the closing price of the common stock was $6.30. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the first three tranches of the grant vested. No additional tranches vested during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company used Monte Carlo simulation model valuation technique to determine the fair value of RSUs granted because the awards vest based upon achievement of market price targets. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award and calculates the fair value of each RSU. The Company used the following assumptions in determining the fair value of the RSUs: Granted January March Daily expected stock price volatility 4.2806 % 4.4237 % Daily expected mean return on equity (0.2575 %) (0.2226 %) Daily expected dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % Average daily risk-free interest rate 0.0078 % 0.0063 % The daily expected stock price volatility is based on a four-year historical volatility of the Company's common stock. The daily expected dividend yield is based on annual expected dividend payments. The average daily risk-free interest rate is based on the three-year treasury yield as of the grant date. Each of the tranches is calculated to have its own fair value and requisite service period. The fair value of each tranche is amortized over the requisite or derived service period which is up to four years. The RSUs granted in January 2018 and March 2017 had a grant date fair value of $209,000 and $323,000, respectively. There were no grants with market price targets issued in the year ended December 31, 2019. A summary of the Company's RSUs is as follows: RSUs Weighted-average Aggregate intrinsic Non-vested RSUs as of January 1, 2018 22,384 $ 4.65 Granted 36,075 7.88 Vested (5,300 ) 8.51 Cancelled (2,983 ) 8.88 Non-vested RSUs as of December 31, 2018 50,176 6.31 Granted 9,925 8.32 Vested (6,098 ) 7.40 Cancelled — — Non-vested RSUs at December 31, 2019 54,003 $ 6.56 $ 354,250 The fair value of each RSU is the market price on the date of grant and is being recorded as compensation expense ratably over the vesting terms or the expected achievement of market price targets based on the Monte Carlo simulation model. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $7,000 and $265,000 of RSU expense, respectively. The RSUs are forfeited by a participant upon termination for any reason, and there is no proportionate or partial vesting in the periods between the vesting dates. As of December 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested RSUs. An analysis of restricted stock issued is as follows: Non-vested restricted stock as of January 1, 2018 4,904 Granted 1,878 Vested (4,328 ) Non-vested restricted stock as of December 31, 2018 2,454 Granted — Vested (2,454 ) Non-vested restricted stock as of December 31, 2019 — For the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company recorded $14,000 related to restricted stock compared to $69,000 in the prior year.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
INCOME TAXES	9. INCOME TAXES On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") which, among other provisions, reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The SEC issued guidance, Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, on accounting for the tax effects of the Act. The guidance allowed the Company to record provisional amounts for those impacts, with the requirement that the accounting be completed in a period not to exceed one year from the date of enactment. The Company has completed its accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Act. The deemed inclusion from the repatriation tax increased from $3.9 million at the time of provision to $5.0 million at the time the calculation was finalized for the tax return. The increase of the inclusion related primarily to the refinement of Malaysia earnings and profits. As the Company is in a full valuation allowance position, an equal benefit adjustment was recorded for the impact of the increase of the deemed repatriation tax. Components of income before income taxes and the income tax provision are as follows: Income (loss) before income taxes Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) U.S. $ (1,142 ) $ 1,017 Foreign 17 (30 ) Total $ (1,125 ) $ 987 Income taxes Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Current U.S. $ — $ — State — — Foreign 22 24 Total current income tax expense 22 24 Deferred U.S. — — State — — Foreign — — Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) — — Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 22 $ 24 The reconciliation of income tax computed at the federal statutory rate to income before taxes is as follows: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 U.S. federal statutory rate (21.0 )% (21.0 )% State taxes net of federal benefit (7.6 ) (7.7 ) Foreign rate differential and transactional tax 0.1 0.1 Tax credits — (14.0 ) Valuation allowance 28.5 42.7 Other 2.0 (2.5 ) 2.0 % (2.4 )% Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of the temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's net deferred income taxes are as follows at December 31: 2019 2018 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 11 $ 2 Inventory reserves 3,185 3,323 Consumables excess reserve 169 170 Accrued liabilities 52 55 Warrant interest expense 196 196 Stock compensation expense 789 881 State net operating loss 15,010 14,633 Net operating loss carryforward 40,437 38,525 Tax credits 740 740 Depreciation 1,329 2,993 Valuation allowance (61,869 ) (61,512 ) Total deferred tax assets 49 6 Deferred tax liability: Prepaid expenses (49 ) (6 ) Net deferred tax liability $ — $ — In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 ("ASU 2018-02), Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Comprehensive Income The Company adopted the guidance in ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes At December 31, 2019, the Company had separate Federal and Illinois NOL carryforwards of $188.1 million and $200.0 million, respectively, which begin to expire in 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, at December 31, 2019, the Company had Federal and Illinois research and development credits and Illinois investment tax credits of $662,000, $66,000 and $23,000, respectively, which began to expire in 2019. Tax credits are accounted for using the flow-through method and therefore are taken in the year earned. The Company completed an analysis of the utilization of NOLs subject to limits based upon certain ownership changes as of December 31, 2019. The results of this analysis indicated no ownership change limiting the utilization of net operating losses and tax credits. The Company prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had $1.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return that have been recorded on the Company's financial statements as an offset to the valuation allowance related to tax positions taken in 2012. It is not reasonably possible that the amount will change in the next twelve months. There were no material changes to prior year or current year positions taken during the year ended December 31, 2019. There were no interest or penalties related to income taxes that have been accrued or recognized as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and in a state jurisdiction. During 2009, the Company began foreign operations in Malaysia and is subject to local income taxes in that jurisdiction. The Company's Malaysia tax returns for the periods ended December 31, 2010 through 2012 have been audited by the Malaysia Inland Revenue Board with no changes made to the taxable income for those years. All other tax years in Malaysia are open to examination by tax authorities. The Company's federal tax returns for the periods ended December 31, 2010, 2008 and 2007 have been audited by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with no changes made to the Company's taxable losses for those years. The Company's state tax returns for the periods ended December 31, 2009 through 2012 have been audited by the Illinois Department of Revenue with no changes made to the Company's taxable losses for those years. Due to the existence of NOL carryforwards, tax years ended December 31, 2001 through 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2011 through 2018 are open to examination by tax authorities for Federal purposes. Due to NOL carryforwards at the State level, tax years ended 2008, 2009 and 2012 through 2018 are open to examination by state tax authorities. Due to the closing of the Rubicon Malaysia operations, the Company no longer considers the undistributed earnings of Rubicon Malaysia to be indefinitely reinvested. Upon liquidation of Rubicon Malaysia, it is anticipated any cash left after the liquidation will be brought back to the U.S. via a payment of principal towards the intercompany loan. A withholding tax will be payable to the Malaysian government on the interest portion of the loan. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company accrued the withholding tax on the interest balance of the loan in the amount of $22,000 and $24,000, respectively, which represents the incremental tax.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES	10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Operating Leases The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, as the Company does not have any material lease agreements Rubicon DTP leases a building for its manufacturing and offices, however such lease was not considered material to the Company's financial statements. Net rent expense under operating leases in 2019 and 2018 amounted to $35,000 and $418,000, respectively. Litigation From time to time, the Company experiences routine litigation in the ordinary course of business. On October 31, 2018, the Company received a summons from Bartmann, Perales & Dolter, LLC, the former lessor of the Franklin Park, Illinois, property the Company leased previously, alleging that the Company owes $175,000 in overdue rent payments, property taxes and restoration costs. The Company intends to vigorously defend against these allegations and has asserted a counterclaim pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement for reimbursement of costs and expenses to maintain the condition and repair for said property. The management of the Company does not believe any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Benefit Plan

Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
BENEFIT PLAN	11. BENEFIT PLAN The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan (the "Plan"). Employees are eligible to participate in the Plan upon reaching 18 years of age. Employees make contributions to the Plan through payroll deferrals. Employer matching contributions are discretionary. There were no employer matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS None.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of business	Description of business Rubicon Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), is a vertically integrated, advanced materials provider specializing in monocrystalline sapphire for applications in optical and industrial systems. The Company sells its products on a global basis to customers in North America, Europe and Asia. The Company maintains its operating facility in the Chicago metropolitan area.
Principles of consolidation	Principles of consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Rubicon Technology Worldwide LLC, Rubicon DTP LLC, Rubicon Technology BP LLC, Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD and Rubicon Technology Hong Kong Limited. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements follows.
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all unrestricted highly liquid investments immediately available to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily consist of time deposits with banks, unsettled trades and brokerage money market accounts.
Restricted cash	Restricted cash A summary of the Company's restricted cash at December 31, 2019 and 2018, is as follows: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Fixed deposits 171 169 $ 171 $ 169
Foreign currency translation and transactions	Foreign currency translation and transactions Rubicon Technology Worldwide LLC, and Rubicon Technology Hong Kong Limited assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates and capital accounts at historical exchange rates. The results of operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the respective period. Translation adjustments resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates for Rubicon Technology Worldwide LLC and Rubicon Technology Hong Kong Limited are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity. The Company has determined that the functional currency of Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD is the U.S. dollar. Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD's assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the remeasurement method. Non-monetary assets are translated at historical exchange rates and monetary assets are translated at exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates. Translation adjustments for Rubicon Sapphire Technology (Malaysia) SDN BHD are included in determining net income (loss) for the period. The results of operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the respective period. The Company records these gains and losses in other income. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are generated from the effects of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, which is the U.S. dollar. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are generally required to be recognized in the determination of net income (loss) for the period. The Company records these gains and losses in other income.
Investments	Investments We invest our available cash primarily in U.S. Treasury securities, investment grade commercial paper, FDIC guaranteed certificates of deposit, common stock, equity related securities and corporate notes. Investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Investments in equity securities are reported at fair value, with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income, in the consolidated statements of operations. Investments in which the Company has the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate are classified as short-term. The Company reviews its available-for-sale debt securities investments at the end of each quarter for other-than-temporary declines in fair value based on the specific identification method. The Company considers various factors in determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, including the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in underlying credit ratings, forecasted recovery, its ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and the probability that the scheduled cash payments will continue to be made. When the Company concludes that an other-than-temporary impairment has resulted, the difference between the fair value and carrying value is written off and recorded as a charge on the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment was recorded.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers The Company records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. In November 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $3 million of the Company's common stock. The Company's share repurchase program does not obligate it to acquire any specific number of shares. Under the program, shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions. The timing, price and volume of repurchases will be based upon market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors. The stock repurchase plan expires on November 19, 2021, and may be terminated at any time. Share repurchase activity during the year ended December 31, 2019, was as follows: Periods Total Average Total Approximate of shares that may yet be purchased January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 67,141 $ 7.97 67,141 2,399 Total 67,141 $ 2,399
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable The majority of the Company's accounts receivable are due from defense subcontractors, industrial manufacturers, fabricators and resellers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition. Accounts receivable are due based on contract terms and at stated amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Losses from credit sales are provided for in the financial statements. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time a customer's account is past due, the customer's current ability to pay and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are deemed uncollectible and such write-offs, net of payments received, are recorded as a reduction to the allowance. The following table shows the activity of the allowance for doubtful accounts: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 7 $ 7 Charges to costs and expenses 33 — Account write-offs, less recoveries — — Ending balance $ 40 $ 7
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is determined based on an estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal. Raw materials cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method, and work-in-process and finished goods costs are determined on a standard cost basis, which includes materials, labor and overhead. The Company reduces the carrying value of its inventories for differences between the cost and the estimated net realizable value, taking into account usage, expected demand, technological obsolescence and other relevant information. The Company establishes inventory reserves when conditions exist that suggest inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based on customer specifications. The Company evaluates the ability to realize the value of its inventory based on a combination of factors, including forecasted sales, estimated current and future market value and changes in customers' product specifications. The Company's method of estimating excess and obsolete inventory has remained consistent for all periods presented. The Company recorded for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, a lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment which reduced inventory and increased cost of goods sold by $35,000 and $6,000, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the Company used some of its previously written down two-inch diameter core material in production of optical and industrial sapphire wafers and did not record any additional adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The Company evaluates the amount of raw material needed for future production based on expected crystal growth production needed to meet anticipated sales. The Company did not record any write-downs of its raw materials inventory for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Inventories are composed of the following: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Raw materials $ 468 $ 468 Work-in-process 901 1,322 Finished goods 809 340 $ 2,178 $ 2,130 In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company made the determination that raw material inventories were such that the likelihood of significant usage within the current year was doubtful and reclassified such raw material inventories as non-current in the reported financial statements.
Other inventory supplies	Other inventory supplies The Company's other inventory supplies include stock of consumable assets and spare parts used in the manufacturing process. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a write-down of certain of its obsolete consumable assets in the amount of $63,000. No additional write-downs were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2019.
Assets held for sale	Assets held for sale An asset is considered to be held for sale when all of the following criteria are met: (i) management commits to a plan to sell the asset; (ii) it is unlikely that the disposal plan will be significantly modified or discontinued; (iii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition; (iv) actions required to complete the sale of the asset have been initiated; (v) sale of the asset is probable and the completed sale is expected to occur within one year; and (vi) the asset is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable given its current market value. A long-lived asset classified as held for sale is measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. If the long-lived asset is newly acquired, the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is established based on its fair value less cost to sell at the acquisition date. A long-lived asset is not depreciated or amortized while it is classified as held for sale.
Property and equipment	Property and equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Machinery, equipment and tooling $ 3,341 $ 3,293 Buildings 1,711 1,686 Information systems 835 819 Land and land improvements 594 594 Furniture and fixtures 8 8 Total cost 6,489 6,400 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (3,842 ) (3,672 ) Property and equipment, net $ 2,647 $ 2,728 Property and equipment are carried at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred. Significant renewals and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment was $169,000 and $355,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Asset description Life Buildings 39 years Machinery, equipment and tooling 3-10 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Information systems 3 years
Warranty cost	Warranty cost The Company's sales terms include a warranty that its products will meet certain specifications. The Company records a current liability for the expected cost of warranty-related claims at the time of sale. The warranty reserve is included in accrued and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents changes in the Company's product warranty liability: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 8 $ 15 Charged to cost of sales 31 23 Actual product warranty expenditures (35 ) (30 ) Balance, end of period $ 4 $ 8 The Company does not provide maintenance or other services and it does not have sales that involve bill & hold arrangements, multiple elements or deliverables. However, the Company does provide product warranty for up to 90 days, for which the Company has accrued a warranty reserve of $4,000 and $8,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Fair value of financial instruments	Fair value of financial instruments The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. The carrying values of these assets and liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Concentration of credit risks and other risks and uncertainties	Concentration of credit risks and other risks and uncertainties Financial instruments that could potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and accounts receivable. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had $1.6 million on deposit at foreign financial institutions. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had $5.7 million on deposit at financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC and other foreign governmental insurance agencies. This compares to a $6.8 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company performs a periodic evaluation of these institutions for relative credit standing. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes it is not exposed to any significant risk of loss on these balances. The Company uses third parties for certain finishing functions for its products, including the slicing and polishing of its sapphire crystal inventory. These types of services are only available from a limited number of third parties. The Company's ability to successfully outsource these finishing functions will substantially depend on its ability to develop, maintain and expand its strategic relationship with these third parties. As a result, the Company may be unable to meet the demand for its products, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company. Concentration of credit risk related to revenue and accounts receivable is discussed in Note 4.
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition Revenues recognized include product sales and billings for costs and fees for government contracts. Product Sales The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers Government Contracts The Company recognizes R&D revenue in the period during which the related costs are incurred over the contractually defined period. In July 2012, the Company signed a contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory (the LANCE government contract) to produce large-area sapphire windows on a cost plus fixed fee basis for a total contract amount of $4.7 million. The deliverables under the contract included development of machinery and technology to be able to produce large area sapphire windows, prove the concept of growing large windows with that equipment and delivery of large area sapphire windows. The Company records research and development revenue on a gross basis as costs are incurred, plus a portion of the fixed fee over a period of time as the obligations (machinery, proof of concept and finished windows) are completed following the input method of measuring progress which recognizes revenue as resources are consumed, labor hours expended and costs are incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2018, $56,000 of revenue was recorded. The performance obligations under this contract were completed in the year ended December 31, 2018 and as such, no R&D revenue for this contract was recognized in the year ended December 31, 2019.
Shipping and handling costs	Shipping and handling costs The Company records costs incurred in connection with shipping and handling of products as cost of goods sold. Amounts billed to customers in connection with these costs are included in revenue and are not material for any of the periods presented in the accompanying financial statements.
Sales tax	Sales tax The Company collects and remits sales taxes on products sold to customers and reports such amounts under the net method in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and records a liability until remitted to the respective tax authority.
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation The Company requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be measured at fair value and expensed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the service period (generally the vesting period) of the grant. Expense is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for these share-based payments. The Company uses Black Scholes option pricing model in order to determine the fair value of stock option grants
Research and development	Research and development R&D costs are expensed as incurred. There was no R&D expense recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019. R&D expense was $122,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes	Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. There were no interest or penalties related to income taxes that have been accrued or recognized as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S., Malaysia and in a U.S. state jurisdiction. Due to the existence of NOL carryforwards, tax years ended December 31, 2001 through 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2012 through 2018 are open to examination by tax authorities for Federal purposes. Due to NOL carryforwards at the State level, tax years ended 2008, 2009 and 2012 through 2018 are open to examination by state tax authorities. Tax years 2013 through 2018 are open to examination by the Malaysia Inland Revenue Board.
Income taxes	Income taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are provided for temporary differences between financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws expected to be in effect when the differences will reverse. Deferred income taxes also arise from the future benefits of NOL carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Full valuation allowances on net deferred tax assets are maintained until an appropriate level of profitability that generates taxable income is deemed sustainable or until a tax strategy is developed that would enable the Company to conclude that it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets will be realizable. Based on an evaluation in accordance with the accounting standards, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, a valuation allowance has been recorded against the net U.S. and Malaysia deferred tax assets in order to measure only the portion of the deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized based on the weight of all the available evidence.
Use of estimates	Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Other comprehensive loss	Other comprehensive loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other non-owner changes in equity that bypass the statement of operations and are reported in a separate component of equity.
Net income/(loss) per common share	Net income (loss) per common share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted shares outstanding are calculated by adding to the weighted-average shares (a) any outstanding stock options based on the treasury stock method and (b) restricted stock units ("RSU"). Diluted net income per share was the same as basic net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2019, because the effects of potentially dilutive securities did not have a material impact on the calculation of diluted net income per share. The Company had outstanding options exercisable into 19,500 shares of the Company's common stock that would have had an anti-dilutive effect at December 31, 2019. Diluted net loss per common share was the same as basic net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2018, because the effects of potentially dilutive securities were anti-dilutive.
New accounting pronouncements adopted	New accounting pronouncements adopted In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 ("ASU 2016-18"), Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amount shown on the statement of cash flows. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature of restrictions on cash balances and how the statement of cash flows reconciles to the balance sheet in any situation in which the balance sheet includes more than one line item of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company's adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents of $8,709,000 and restricted cash of $171,000 on the consolidated balance sheet are presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows as $8,880,000 as the end-of-year balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. As of December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents of $11,241,000 and restricted cash of $169,000 on the consolidated balance sheet are presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows as $11,410,000 as the end-of-year balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 ("ASU 2016-02"), Leases (Topic 842) In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 ("ASU 2018-07"), Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. These amendments expand the scope of Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which currently only includes share-based payments to employees, to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees and employees will be substantially aligned. ASU 2018-07 supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity – Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The guidance is effective for public companies for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company's adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At this time, the Company does not recognize the existence of any non-employee relationships involving share-based payments. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 effective January 1, 2019, did not have any material impact on the consolidated financial statements, as the Company has not entered into any material transactions involving share-based payments with non-employees. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 ("ASU 2018-13"), Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 revises the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on its financial statements. The Company has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of restricted cash	As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Fixed deposits 171 169 $ 171 $ 169
Summary of share repurchase activity	Periods Total Average Total Approximate of shares that may yet be purchased January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019 67,141 $ 7.97 67,141 2,399 Total 67,141 $ 2,399
Schedule of allowance for doubtful accounts	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 7 $ 7 Charges to costs and expenses 33 — Account write-offs, less recoveries — — Ending balance $ 40 $ 7
Schedule of inventories	As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Raw materials $ 468 $ 468 Work-in-process 901 1,322 Finished goods 809 340 $ 2,178 $ 2,130
Schedule of property and equipment	As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Machinery, equipment and tooling $ 3,341 $ 3,293 Buildings 1,711 1,686 Information systems 835 819 Land and land improvements 594 594 Furniture and fixtures 8 8 Total cost 6,489 6,400 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (3,842 ) (3,672 ) Property and equipment, net $ 2,647 $ 2,728
Schedule of property and equipment, estimated useful lives	Asset description Life Buildings 39 years Machinery, equipment and tooling 3-10 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Information systems 3 years
Schedule of product warranty liability	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 8 $ 15 Charged to cost of sales 31 23 Actual product warranty expenditures (35 ) (30 ) Balance, end of period $ 4 $ 8

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summary of revenue by geographic region	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) North America $ 3,324 $ 3,389 Asia 185 478 Other 17 11 Total revenue $ 3,526 $ 3,878
Summary of sales by product type	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Optical $ 3,338 $ 3,781 Core 9 41 Research & development — 56 Rubicon DTP 179 — Total revenue $ 3,526 $ 3,878
Summary of assets by geographic region	As of December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) United States $ 29,703 $ 30,680 Malaysia 5,094 5,110 Other 4 4 Total assets $ 34,801 $ 35,794

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Summary of amortized cost and gross unrealized losses on all securities	Amortized Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) Short-term investments: U.S. Treasury securities $ 14,668 $ — $ — $ 14,668 Marketable securities 961 — (171 ) 790 Total short-term investments $ 15,629 $ — $ (171 ) $ 15,458 The following table presents the amortized cost, and gross unrealized gains and losses on all securities at December 31, 2018: Amortized Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) Short-term investments: U.S. Treasury securities $ 14,357 $ — $ (1 ) $ 14,356 Total short-term investments $ 14,357 $ — $ (1 ) $ 14,356
Summary of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 3,759 $ — $ — $ 3,759 Investments: Available-for-sales securities—current: U.S. Treasury securities — 14,668 — 14,668 Marketable securities 790 — 790 Total $ 4,549 $ 14,668 $ — $ 19,217 The following table summarizes the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in thousands) Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 2,821 $ — $ — $ 2,821 Investments: Available-for-sales securities—current: U.S. Treasury securities — 14,356 — 14,356 Total $ 2,821 $ 14,356 $ — $ 17,177

Stock Incentive Plans (Tables)

Stock Incentive Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Schedule of activity of stock incentive and equity plans	Shares Number of Weighted- Number of Number of Outstanding at January 1, 2018 274,494 125,564 19.53 97,692 22,384 Granted (47,953 ) 10,000 — 1,878 36,075 Exercised/issued — (938 ) 6.10 — (5,300 ) Canceled/forfeited 68,526 (65,543 ) 31.66 — (2,983 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 295,067 69,083 12.10 99,570 50,176 Granted (60,925 ) 1,000 — — 925 Exercised/issued — — — — (6,098 ) Canceled/forfeited 47,244 (47,244 ) 11.35 — — Outstanding at December 31, 2019 281,386 22,839 $ 13.48 99,570 45,003
Schedule of fair value of common stock on the date of grant	Date of grant Number of Exercise Intrinsic May 2019 1,000 $ 8.34 —
Schedule of exercise prices of outstanding options	Exercise price Number of Average Number of $6.10 - $13.50 20,500 6.75 14,634 $40.10 - $44.10 1,850 4.94 1,850 $77.50 - $121.10 — — — $194.90 - $226.90 489 0.44 489 22,839 4.86 17,973
Schedule of non-vested options	Non-vested Weighted- Non-vested at January 1, 2018 46,842 $ 8.26 Granted 10,000 7.77 Vested (8,413 ) 9.04 Cancelled (26,437 ) 8.99 Non-vested at December 31, 2018 21,992 6.86 Granted 1,000 8.34 Vested (10,878 ) 7.07 Cancelled (7,248 ) 7.25 Non-vested at December 31, 2019 4,866 $ 5.79
Schedule of estimated fair value at the date of option grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model	2019 Weighted-average fair value per option $ 6.09 Expected term 5.1 years Risk-free interest rate 2.95% Volatility 47% Dividend yield None Forfeiture rate 24.43 %
Schedule of fair value of restricted stock units	Granted January March Daily expected stock price volatility 4.2806 % 4.4237 % Daily expected mean return on equity (0.2575 %) (0.2226 %) Daily expected dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % Average daily risk-free interest rate 0.0078 % 0.0063 %
Summary of restricted stock units	The following table summarizes the award vesting terms for the RSUs granted in 2019: Number of RSUs Target price 925 $ 7.95 The following table summarizes the award vesting terms for the RSUs granted in 2018: Number of restricted stock units Target price 902 $ 11.00 15,000 $ 12.50 15,000 $ 14.00
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Summary of restricted stock units	RSUs Weighted-average Aggregate intrinsic Non-vested RSUs as of January 1, 2018 22,384 $ 4.65 Granted 36,075 7.88 Vested (5,300 ) 8.51 Cancelled (2,983 ) 8.88 Non-vested RSUs as of December 31, 2018 50,176 6.31 Granted 9,925 8.32 Vested (6,098 ) 7.40 Cancelled — — Non-vested RSUs at December 31, 2019 54,003 $ 6.56 $ 354,250
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Summary of restricted stock units	Non-vested restricted stock as of January 1, 2018 4,904 Granted 1,878 Vested (4,328 ) Non-vested restricted stock as of December 31, 2018 2,454 Granted — Vested (2,454 ) Non-vested restricted stock as of December 31, 2019 —

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of (loss) before income taxes	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) U.S. $ (1,142 ) $ 1,017 Foreign 17 (30 ) Total $ (1,125 ) $ 987
Summary of income tax expense (benefit)	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in thousands) Current U.S. $ — $ — State — — Foreign 22 24 Total current income tax expense 22 24 Deferred U.S. — — State — — Foreign — — Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) — — Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 22 $ 24
Summary of reconciliation of income tax computed at federal statutory rate to income before taxes	Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 U.S. federal statutory rate (21.0 )% (21.0 )% State taxes net of federal benefit (7.6 ) (7.7 ) Foreign rate differential and transactional tax 0.1 0.1 Tax credits — (14.0 ) Valuation allowance 28.5 42.7 Other 2.0 (2.5 ) 2.0 % (2.4 )%
Summary of significant components of net deferred income taxes	2019 2018 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 11 $ 2 Inventory reserves 3,185 3,323 Consumables excess reserve 169 170 Accrued liabilities 52 55 Warrant interest expense 196 196 Stock compensation expense 789 881 State net operating loss 15,010 14,633 Net operating loss carryforward 40,437 38,525 Tax credits 740 740 Depreciation 1,329 2,993 Valuation allowance (61,869 ) (61,512 ) Total deferred tax assets 49 6 Deferred tax liability: Prepaid expenses (49 ) (6 ) Net deferred tax liability $ — $ —

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Restricted cash	$ 171	$ 169
Fixed deposits [Member]
Restricted cash	$ 171	$ 169

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Total number of shares purchased	67,141
Total	67,141
Average price paid per share | $ / shares	$ 7.97
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program	67,141
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program | $	$ 2,399
Total | $	$ 2,399

Summary of Significant Accoun_6

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 7	$ 7
Charges to costs and expenses	33
Account write-offs, less recoveries
Ending balance	$ 40	$ 7

Summary of Significant Accoun_7

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 468	$ 468
Work-in-process	901	1,322
Finished goods	809	340
Inventories	$ 2,178	$ 2,130

Summary of Significant Accoun_8

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Total cost	$ 6,489	$ 6,400
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,842)	(3,672)
Property and equipment, net	2,647	2,728
Machinery, equipment and tooling [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Total cost	3,341	3,293
Buildings [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Total cost	1,711	1,686
Information Systems [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Total cost	835	819
Land and land improvements [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Total cost	594	594
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Total cost	$ 8	$ 8

Summary of Significant Accoun_9

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Detail 5)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	7 years
Building [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	39 years
Information Systems [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	3 years
Maximum [Member] | Machinery, equipment and tooling [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	10 years
Minimum [Member] | Machinery, equipment and tooling [Member]
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	3 years

Summary of Significant Accou_10

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Detail 6) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 8	$ 15
Charged to cost of sales	31	23
Actual product warranty expenditures	(35)	(30)
Balance, end of period	$ 4	$ 8

Summary of Significant Accou_11

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2012
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Revenue recognized			$ 56
Property purchased		$ 64	2,280
Options exercisable		17,973
Repurchase of common stock	$ 3,000
Stock repurchase plan expire date	Nov. 19, 2021
Consumable asset write-down			63
Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment		$ 169	355
Warranty term		90 days
warranty reserve		$ 4	8
Deposit at foreign financial institutions		1,600	1,600
Deposit at financial institutions amounts insured by FDIC and other		5,700	6,800
Total amount of the contract					$ 4,700
Research and development costs			$ 122
Income tax rate, percentage		2.00%	(2.40%)
Outstanding exercisable shares		19,500
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 8,709	$ 11,241
Restricted cash		171	169
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		8,880	11,410	$ 11,725
Sales [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Increased Costs of goods sold		$ 35	$ 6

Segment Information (Details)

Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 3,526	$ 3,878
North America [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,324	3,389
Asia [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	185	478
Other [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 17	$ 11

Segment Information (Details 1)

Segment Information (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 3,526	$ 3,878
Core [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	9	41
Optical [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,338	3,781
Research and Development [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenue		56
Rubicon DTP [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 179

Segment Information (Details 2)

Segment Information (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 34,801	$ 35,794
United States [Member]
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total assets	29,703	30,680
Malaysia [Member]
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total assets	5,094	5,110
Other [Member]
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 4	$ 4

Segment Information (Details Te

Segment Information (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)Segements
Segment Information (Textual)
Number of reportable segment | Segements	2
Segment loss | $	$ 447

Investments (Details)

Investments (Details) - Short-term Investments [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 15,629	$ 14,357
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses	(171)	(1)
Fair value	15,458	14,356
U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	14,668	14,357
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses		(1)
Fair value	14,668	$ 14,356
Marketable securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	961
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses	(171)
Fair value	$ 790

Investments (Details 1)

Investments (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Investments:
Total	$ 19,217	$ 17,177
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | Marketable securities [Member]
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:	790
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:		14,356
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:	14,668
Money market funds [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	3,759	2,821
Level 1 [Member]
Investments:
Total	4,549	2,821
Level 1 [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | Marketable securities [Member]
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:	790
Level 1 [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:
Level 1 [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:	3,759	2,821
Level 2 [Member]
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:		14,356
Total	14,668	14,356
Level 2 [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | Marketable securities [Member]
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:
Level 2 [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:	14,668
Level 2 [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:
Level 3 [Member]
Investments:
Total
Level 3 [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | Marketable securities [Member]
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:
Level 3 [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:
Investments:
Available-for-sale securities - current:
Level 3 [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents:

Investments (Details Textual)

Investments (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Investments (Textual)
Time deposits included in cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,900	$ 8,400

Significant Customers (Details)

Significant Customers (Details) - Customers	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Significant Customers (Textual)
Number of customers	3	3
Trade Receivables [Member]
Significant Customers (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Customer One [Member]
Significant Customers (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	31.00%	18.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Customer Two [Member]
Significant Customers (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	15.00%	16.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Customer three [Member]
Significant Customers (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	12.00%	10.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Significant Customers (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	74.00%	79.00%

Assets Held for Sale and Long_2

Assets Held for Sale and Long-lived Assets (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018USD ($)ft²	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Net book value			$ 236
Purchase price for property		$ 64	2,280
Malaysia equipment [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Net book value		188	131
Gain on sale of asset		302	2,900
Total consideration amount		$ 490
U.S. equipment and consumable assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Net book value			$ 1,600
Batavia [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Sale of square foot | ft²	134,400
Net book value	$ 5,900
Sale price for property	6,700
Realized net proceeds after payment of real estate taxes, brokerage and legal fees, transfer taxes and other expenses	6,400
Gain on sale of asset	504
Purchase price for property	$ 2,300

Stockholders' Equity (Details)

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - shares	May 10, 2018	May 03, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity (Textual)
Reserved common stock shares for issuance			76,842
Common stock reserved for future grants			281,386
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Textual)
Description of preferred stock authorized	The Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to decrease the Company's authorized number of shares of preferred stock from 5,000,000 shares to 1,000,000 shares. The Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to decrease the authorized number of preferred shares, consequently reducing the number of total authorized shares from 13,200,000 to 9,200,000
Description of common stock		The Company's stockholders approved amendments to the Company's Eighth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended, the "Certificate of Incorporation") to (i) effect a reverse stock split of the Company's common stock; and (ii) decrease the Company's authorized number of shares of common stock to three times the number of shares of the Company's common stock outstanding immediately following the reverse stock split. On May 3, 2017, following the annual meeting, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to (a) implement the reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-10; and (b) to reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock from 40,000,000 to 8,200,000, consequently reducing the number of total authorized shares from 45,000,000 to 13,200,000. With the completion of the reverse stock split, the Company's shares began trading above the required $1.00 per share closing bid price, as required by the Listing Qualifications Department of NASDAQ. The share information has been retroactively reflected for the effects of this reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Stockholder Rights Agreement (D

Stockholder Rights Agreement (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 18, 2017$ / shares
Stockholder Rights Agreement (Textual)
Beneficial ownership percentage	4.90%
Description of issuance of one right	The Board authorized the issuance of one Right for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, payable to stockholders of record date of the close of business on January 2, 2018. One Right will also be issued together with each share of the Company’s common stock issued after January 2, 2018 but before the Distribution Date (as defined below) and, in certain circumstances, after the Distribution Date. Subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, if the Rights become exercisable, each Right would initially represent the right to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) for a purchase price of $40.00. If issued, each one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock would give the stockholder approximately the same dividend, voting and liquidation rights as does one share of common stock. However, prior to exercise, a Right does not give its holder any rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.
Description of rights will not be exercisable	The Rights will not be exercisable until the earlier of (i) ten business days after a public announcement that a person has become an “Acquiring Person” by acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of outstanding common stock (or, in the case of a person that had beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock as of the close of business on December 18, 2017, by obtaining beneficial ownership of any additional shares of common stock representing 0.5% or more of the shares of common stock then outstanding (other than pursuant to a dividend or distribution paid or made by the Company on the outstanding shares of the common stock or pursuant to a split or subdivision of the outstanding shares of common stock) at a time such person still beneficially owns 4.9% or more of the outstanding common stock), and (ii) ten business days (or such later date as may be specified by the Board prior to such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the commencement of a tender or exchange offer by or on behalf of a person that, if completed, would result in such person becoming an Acquiring Person (the “Distribution Date”).
Percentage of business assets	50.00%
Redemption price	$ 0.001
Description of Series A Preferred Stock	Each one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, if issued: (i) will be nonredeemable and junior to any other series of preferred stock the Company may issue (unless otherwise provided in the terms of such other series), (ii) will entitle holders to preferential cumulative quarterly dividends in an amount per share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (a) $1 or (b) 1,000 times the aggregate the dividends, if any, declared on one share of the Company’s common stock, (iii) will entitle holders upon liquidation (voluntary or otherwise) to receive $1,000 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, (iv) will have the same voting power as one share of common stock, and (v) will entitle holders to a per share payment equal to the payment made on one share of the Company’s common stock, if shares of the common stock are exchanged via merger, consolidation, or a similar transaction. Because of the nature of the Series A Preferred Stock’s dividend, liquidation and voting rights, the value of a Unit of Series A Preferred Stock purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of one share of common stock.
Percentage of purchase price	1.00%

Stock Incentive Plans (Details)

Stock Incentive Plans (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options outstanding, Balance	22,839
Stock incentive and equity plans [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant, Balance	295,067	274,494
Shares available for grant, Granted	(60,925)	(47,953)
Shares available for grant, Exercised/issued
Shares available for grant, Canceled/forfeited	47,244	68,526
Shares available for grant, Balance	281,386	295,067
Number of options outstanding, Balance	69,083	125,564
Number of options outstanding, Granted	1,000	10,000
Number of options outstanding, Exercised/issued		(938)
Number of options outstanding, Canceled/forfeited	(47,244)	(65,543)
Number of options outstanding, Balance	22,839	69,083
Weighted-average option exercise price, Balance	$ 12.10	$ 19.53
Weighted-average option exercise price, Granted
Weighted-average option exercise price, Exercised/issued		6.10
Weighted-average option exercise price, Cancelled/forfeited	11.35	31.66
Weighted-average option exercise price, Balance	$ 13.48	$ 12.10
Number of restricted stock shares issued, Balance	99,570	97,692
Number of restricted stock shares issued, Granted		1,878
Number of restricted stock shares issued, Exercised/issued
Number of restricted stock shares issued, Canceled/forfeited
Number of restricted stock shares issued, Balance	99,570	99,570
Number of RSUs outstanding, Balance	50,176	22,384
Number of RSUs outstanding, Granted	925	36,075
Number of RSUs outstanding, Exercised/issued	(6,098)	(5,300)
Number of RSUs outstanding, Canceled/forfeited		(2,983)
Number of RSUs outstanding, Balance	45,003	50,176

Stock Incentive Plans (Details

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 1) - May 2019 [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares
Intrinsic value calculated based on grant date fair value, Number of options granted | shares	1,000
Intrinsic value calculated based on grant date fair value, Exercise price	$ 8.34
Intrinsic value calculated based on grant date fair value, Intrinsic value per share

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_2

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 2)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options outstanding	22,839
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Average remaining contractual life (years)	4 years 10 months 10 days
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options exercisable	17,973
$6.10 - $13.50 [Member]
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Lower range | $ / shares	$ 6.10
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Upper range | $ / shares	$ 13.50
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options outstanding	20,500
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Average remaining contractual life (years)	6 years 9 months
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options exercisable	14,634
$40.10 - $44.10 [Member]
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Lower range | $ / shares	$ 40.10
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Upper range | $ / shares	$ 44.10
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options outstanding	1,850
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Average remaining contractual life (years)	4 years 11 months 8 days
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options exercisable	1,850
$77.50 - $121.10 [Member]
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Lower range | $ / shares	$ 77.50
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Upper range | $ / shares	$ 121.10
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options outstanding
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options exercisable
$194.90 - $226.90 [Member]
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Lower range | $ / shares	$ 194.90
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Upper range | $ / shares	$ 226.90
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options outstanding	489
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Average remaining contractual life (years)	5 months 10 days
Exercise prices of outstanding options, Number of options exercisable	489

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_3

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 3) - Non Vested Options [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Non-vested options
Non-vested, Beginning balance	21,992	46,842
Granted	1,000	10,000
Vested	(10,878)	(8,413)
Cancelled	(7,248)	(26,437)
Non-vested, Ending balance	4,866	21,992
Weighted-average exercise price
Non-vested, Beginning balance	$ 6.86	$ 8.26
Granted	8.34	7.77
Vested	7.07	9.04
Cancelled	7.25	8.99
Non-vested, Ending balance	$ 5.79	$ 6.86

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_4

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 4)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019$ / shares
Stock Incentive Plans Details 4
Weighted average fair value per option	$ 6.09
Expected term	5 years 1 month 6 days
Risk-free interest rate	2.95%
Volatility	47.00%
Dividend yield
Forfeiture rate	24.43%

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_5

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 5)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock units | shares	925
Target price | $ / shares	$ 7.95
Unvested RSUs under this grantr [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock units | shares	902
Target price | $ / shares	$ 11
Restricted Stock Units Rsu Five [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock units | shares	15,000
Target price | $ / shares	$ 12.50
Restricted Stock Units Rsu Six [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of restricted stock units | shares	15,000
Target price | $ / shares	$ 14

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_6

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 6)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019
Daily expected stock price volatility			47.00%
Daily expected dividend yield
Average daily risk free interest rate			2.95%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Daily expected stock price volatility	4.2806%	4.4237%
Daily expected mean return on equity	(0.2575%)	(0.2226%)
Daily expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Average daily risk free interest rate	0.0078%	0.0063%

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_7

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 7) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested restricted stock units, Beginning balance	50,176	22,384
RSUs outstanding, Granted	9,925	36,075
RSUs outstanding, Vested	(6,098)	(5,300)
RSUs outstanding, Cancelled		(2,983)
Non-vested restricted stock units, Ending balance	54,003	50,176
Weighted average price at time of grant, Beginning balance	$ 6.31	$ 4.65
Weighted average price at time of grant, Granted	8.32	7.88
Weighted average price at time of grant, Vested	7.40	8.51
Weighted average price at time of grant, Cancelled		8.88
Weighted average price at time of grant, Ending balance	$ 6.56	$ 6.31
Aggregate intrinsic value, Non-vested, Ending balance	$ 354,250

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_8

Stock Incentive Plans (Details 8) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Non-vested restricted stock, Beginning balance	2,454	4,904
Granted		1,878
Vested	(2,454)	(4,328)
Non-vested restricted stock, Ending balance		2,454

Stock Incentive Plans (Detail_9

Stock Incentive Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Aug. 31, 2007	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Weighted average grant date fair value of the options vested				$ 77	$ 76
Stock compensation expense				24	$ 47
Unrecognized compensation cost				$ 12
Stock-based plan expect to recognize weighted-average period				9 months
Fair value of common sock intrinsic value				$ 43
Stock options exercisable				19,500
Restricted stock, description				The Company recorded $14,000 related to restricted stock compared to $69,000 in the prior year.	69,000
Two Thousand Seven Plan [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Maximum number of shares awarded or sold			440,769
Plan expiration date			Jun. 24, 2016				Mar. 17, 2026
2016 Plan [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Common stock reserved for future issuance of awards							222,980
Key Executive [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Closing price of common stock					$ 6.30
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Stock compensation expense				$ 7	$ 265
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Key Executive [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Number of restricted stock units granted					30,902	59,098
Grant date fair value of restricted stock units	$ 209	$ 323
Restricted Stock [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans (Textual)
Closing price of common stock					$ 5.50

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ (1,142)	$ 1,017
Foreign	17	(30)
Total	$ (1,125)	$ 987

Income Taxes (Details 1)

Income Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current
U.S.
State
Foreign	22	24
Total current income tax expense	22	24
Deferred
U.S.
State
Foreign
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 22	$ 24

Income Taxes (Details 2)

Income Taxes (Details 2)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory rate	(21.00%)	(21.00%)
State taxes net of federal benefit	(7.60%)	(7.70%)
Foreign rate differential and transactional tax	0.10%	0.10%
Tax credits		(14.00%)
Valuation allowance	28.50%	42.70%
Other	2.00%	(2.50%)
Effective income tax rate	2.00%	(2.40%)

Income Taxes (Details 3)

Income Taxes (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 11	$ 2
Inventory reserves	3,185	3,323
Consumables excess reserve	169	170
Accrued liabilities	52	55
Warrant interest expense	196	196
Stock compensation expense	789	881
State net operating loss	15,010	14,633
Net operating loss carryforward	40,437	38,525
Tax credits	740	740
Depreciation	1,329	2,993
Valuation allowance	(61,869)	(61,512)
Total deferred tax assets	49	6
Deferred tax liability:
Prepaid expenses	(49)	(6)
Net deferred tax liability

Income Taxes (Details Textual)

Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 22, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income tax expense		$ 22	$ 24
State tax net of federal benefit		(7.60%)	(7.70%)
Amount of unrecognized or expected tax benefits recorded in financial statement		$ 1,100	$ 1,100
Investment tax credits and research and development credits scheduled to expire		2019
Increase (decrease) in foreign with holding taxes payable		$ 22	$ 24
Deferred tax assets and liabilities		10,300
Research [Member]
Tax credit carry forward amount		66
Investment Credit [Member]
Tax credit carry forward amount		23
Federal [Member]
Net operating loss carryforward		188,100
Tax credit carry forward amount		$ 662
Operating loss carry forwards expiration year		2021
Illinois NOL carryforwards [Member]
Net operating loss carryforward		$ 200,000
Operating loss carry forwards expiration year		2020
Maximum [Member]
U.S. corporate tax rate	35.00%
Repatriation tax	$ 5,000
Minimum [Member]
U.S. corporate tax rate	21.00%
Repatriation tax	$ 3,900

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Net rent expense under operating leases		$ 35	$ 418
Overdue rent payments	$ 175

Benefit Plan (Details)

Benefit Plan (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee's age limit to participate in the benefit Plan	18 years