The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the attached prospectus are not an offer to sell nor do they seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
|
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(B)(2)
Registration No. 333-156978
Subject to Completion, dated June 8, 2009
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated March 24, 2009)
11,000,000 Common Units
Representing Limited Partner Interests
We are selling 11,000,000 common units representing limited partner interests in El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. Our common units are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EPB.” On June 5, 2009, the last reported sale price of our common units on the New York Stock Exchange was $18.85 per common unit.
As a result of certain FERC rate-making policies, we require an owner of our common units to be an Eligible Holder. Eligible Holders are individuals or entities subject to United States federal income taxation on our income or entities not subject to such taxation as long as all of the entity’s owners are subject to such taxation.
Investing in our common units involves risks. Please read “Risk Factors” beginning onpage S-14 of this prospectus supplement and beginning on page 3 of the accompanying base prospectus.
PRICE$ PER COMMON UNIT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Underwriting
| | | Proceeds to
| |
| | Price to
| | | Discounts and
| | | El Paso Pipeline
| |
| | Public | | | Commissions | | | Partners, L.P. | |
|
Per Common Unit | | $ | | | | $ | | | | $ | | |
Total | | $ | | | | $ | | | | $ | | |
We have granted the underwriters a30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,650,000 common units on the same terms and conditions set forth above if the underwriters sell more than 11,000,000 common units in this offering.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the common units on or about June , 2009.
Joint Book-Running Managers
Co-Managers
| | |
Credit Suisse | Goldman, Sachs & Co. | Raymond James |
June , 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| | | | |
Prospectus Supplement |
| | | S-1 | |
| | | S-14 | |
| | | S-15 | |
| | | S-16 | |
| | | S-17 | |
| | | S-18 | |
| | | S-19 | |
| | | S-21 | |
| | | S-21 | |
| | | S-21 | |
| | | S-22 | |
Prospectus |
About This Prospectus | | | 1 | |
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | | | 1 | |
About El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. | | | 2 | |
Risk Factors | | | 3 | |
Use of Proceeds | | | 22 | |
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges | | | 22 | |
Description of Debt Securities | | | 23 | |
Description of Guarantees of Debt Securities | | | 33 | |
Description of the Common Units | | | 34 | |
Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions | | | 36 | |
Material Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement | | | 49 | |
Conflicts of Interest and Fiduciary Duties | | | 62 | |
Material Tax Considerations | | | 70 | |
Plan of Distribution | | | 84 | |
Legal Matters | | | 85 | |
Experts | | | 85 | |
Where You Can Find More Information | | | 86 | |
Incorporation by Reference | | | 86 | |
This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering of common units. The second part is the accompanying base prospectus, which gives more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering of common units. Generally, when we refer only to the “prospectus,” we are referring to both parts combined. If the information about the common unit offering varies between this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.
Any statement made in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document that is also incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Please read “Incorporation by Reference” onpage S-21 of this prospectus supplement.
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us relating to this offering of common units. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. If anyone provides you with additional, different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are offering to sell the common units, and seeking offers to buy the common units, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the dates shown in these documents or that any information we have incorporated by reference herein is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such dates.
SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making an investment decision. You should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference for a more complete understanding of our business and the terms of our common units, as well as the tax and other considerations that are important to you in making your investment decision. You should pay special attention to the “Risk Factors” section beginning onpage S-14 of this prospectus supplement and in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 to determine whether an investment in our common units is appropriate for you. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the information included in this prospectus supplement assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional common units.
References in this prospectus supplement to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “partnership” or similar terms refer to El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. in its individual capacity or to El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. and its operating subsidiaries, collectively, as the context requires. References in this prospectus to “El Paso” constitute references to El Paso Corporation and its affiliates (other than us). References to our “general partner” refer to El Paso Pipeline GP Company, L.L.C.
El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P.
We are a Delaware master limited partnership formed in November 2007 by El Paso Corporation to own and operate natural gas transportation pipelines and storage assets. We conduct our business activities through various natural gas pipeline systems and storage facilities including the Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd. (WIC) system, a 40 percent general partner interest in Colorado Interstate Gas Company (CIG) and a 25 percent general partner interest in Southern Natural Gas Company (SNG). In November 2007, we completed an initial public offering of our common units, issuing 28.8 million common units to the public. In conjunction with our formation, El Paso contributed to us 100 percent of WIC, as well as 10 percent general partner interests in each of CIG and SNG. In September 2008, we acquired from El Paso an additional 30 percent general partner interest in CIG and an additional 15 percent general partner interest in SNG.
Our Assets
WIC (100 Percent Interest). WIC is comprised of a mainline system that extends from western Wyoming to northeast Colorado (the Cheyenne Hub) and several lateral pipeline systems that extend from various interconnections along the WIC mainline into western Colorado and northeast Wyoming and into eastern Utah. WIC is one of the primary interstate natural gas transportation systems providing takeaway capacity from the mature Overthrust, Piceance, Uinta, Powder River and Green River Basins. CIG is the operator of the WIC system pursuant to a service agreement with WIC.
CIG (40 Percent Interest). CIG is comprised of pipelines that deliver natural gas from production areas in the U.S. Rocky Mountains and the Anadarko Basin directly to customers in Colorado, Wyoming and indirectly to the midwest, southwest, California and Pacific northwest. CIG also has four storage facilities located in Colorado and Kansas with approximately 29 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of underground working natural gas storage capacity and two natural gas processing plants located in Wyoming and Utah. CIG owns a 50 percent ownership interest in WYCO Development LLC (WYCO), a joint venture with an affiliate of Public Service Company of Colorado (PSCo), and effective November 2008, operates WYCO’s High Plains pipeline.
SNG (25 Percent Interest). SNG is comprised of pipelines extending from natural gas supply basins in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and the Gulf of Mexico to market areas in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee, including the metropolitan areas of Atlanta and Birmingham. SNG is the principal natural gas transporter to southeastern markets in Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina. SNG owns interests in two storage facilities along the system with approximately 60 Bcf of underground working natural gas storage capacity. The SNG system is also connected to El Paso’s Elba Island LNG terminal near Savannah, Georgia.
S-1
The table below provides detail on our transmission systems as of December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2008 | |
| | Ownership
| | | Miles of
| | | Design
| | | Storage
| |
Transmission System | | Interest | | | Pipeline | | | Capacity | | | Capacity | |
| | (percent) | | | | | | (MMcf/d)(a) | | | (Bcf) | |
|
WIC | | | 100 | | | | 800 | | | | 3,105 | | | | — | |
CIG(b) | | | 40 | | | | 4,100 | | | | 3,920 | | | | 29 | |
SNG(b)(c) | | | 25 | | | | 7,600 | | | | 3,700 | | | | 60 | |
| | |
(a) | | Million cubic feet per day. |
| | |
(b) | | Volumes reflected are 100 percent of the volumes transported on the CIG system and the SNG system, respectively. |
(c) | | SNG’s storage capacity includes the storage capacity associated with its 50 percent ownership interest in Bear Creek Storage Company, a joint venture with Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company (TGP), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso. |
Throughput. The following table sets forth the average daily throughput of each of WIC, CIG and SNG for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and for each of the three calendar years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (BBtu/d)(a) | |
|
WIC(b) | | | 2,705 | | | | 2,418 | | | | 2,543 | | | | 2,071 | | | | 1,914 | |
CIG(c)(d) | | | 2,505 | | | | 2,126 | | | | 2,225 | | | | 2,339 | | | | 2,008 | |
SNG(c) | | | 2,547 | | | | 2,624 | | | | 2,339 | | | | 2,345 | | | | 2,167 | |
| | |
(a) | | Billion British thermal units per day. |
| | |
(b) | | Throughput volumes presented are for WIC only and include 174 BBtu/d and 177 BBtu/d transported by WIC on behalf of CIG for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and 181 BBtu/d, 239 BBtu/d and 204 BBtu/d transported by WIC on behalf of CIG for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. |
| | |
(c) | | Volumes reflected are 100 percent of the volumes transported on the CIG system and the SNG system, respectively. |
| | |
(d) | | Throughput volumes include billable transportation throughput volumes for storage injection. |
Our Operations. The table below sets forth certain information regarding the assets, contracts and revenues for each of WIC, CIG and SNG, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | % of
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Physical
| | | | |
| | | | | Tariff Revenue Composition %(a) | | | Design
| | | Weighted
| |
| | Our
| | | Firm Contracts | | | | | | Capacity
| | | Average
| |
| | Ownership
| | | Capacity
| | | Variable
| | | | | | Subscribed
| | | Remaining
| |
| | Interest
| | | Reservation
| | | Usage
| | | Interruptible
| | | Under Firm
| | | Contract Life
| |
| | (Percent) | | | Charges(b) | | | Charges | | | Contracts | | | Contracts(c) | | | (in Years)(d) | |
|
WIC | | | 100 | | | | 96.6 | % | | | 2.9 | % | | | 0.5 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 8 | |
CIG | | | 40 | | | | 90.4 | % | | | 7.2 | % | | | 2.4 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 8 | |
SNG | | | 25 | | | | 88.7 | % | | | 7.7 | % | | | 3.6 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 5 | |
| | |
(a) | | Excludes liquids transportation revenue, amounts associated with retained fuel and, in the case of CIG, liquids revenue associated with CIG’s processing plants. The revenues described in this table constituted approximately 100%, 89% and 89% of WIC’s, CIG’s and SNG’s total revenues, respectively, earned during the year ended December 31, 2008. |
| | |
(b) | | Approximately 10% and 9% of total capacity reservation revenues for CIG and SNG, respectively, are the result of storage service charges. |
| | |
(c) | | Contract levels on CIG and WIC include forward haul capacity and back haul capacity. |
| | |
(d) | | The weighted average remaining contract life is determined by weighting the remaining life of each contract by the amount of capacity that is covered by the contract as of December 31, 2008. |
S-2
Our systems provide a significant portion of our transportation and storage services through firm contracts that obligate our customers to pay a fixed monthly reservation or demand charge. When a customer uses the reserved capacity, our systems also collect usage charges based on the volume of natural gas actually transported or stored, which enables us to recover the system’s variable costs. Any portion of physical capacity under firm contracts that is not utilized may be used for interruptible service. Our systems derive a small portion of their revenues through interruptible contracts (which do not ensure service) with fees based on actual utilization. We believe that the high percentage of earnings derived from capacity reservation charges mitigates the risk of earnings fluctuations caused by changing supply and demand conditions.
Growth Projects. We intend to grow our business through organic expansion opportunities and through strategic asset acquisitions from third parties, El Paso or both. Each of WIC, CIG and SNG have significant contracted expansion projects in progress. These include the Piceance Lateral expansion and WIC System Expansion project at WIC, the Totem Gas Storage project and Raton 2010 expansion at CIG and the Cypress Phase III, South System III, and Southeast Supply Header projects at SNG. In the aggregate, we anticipate our proportionate share of expected capital expenditures for the contracted organic growth projects described above to be approximately $340 million from 2009 through 2013.
In addition to our backlog of contracted organic growth projects, we have other projects that are in various phases of commercial development. Many of the potential projects involve expansion capacity to serve increased natural gas-fired generation loads. For example, along SNG’s system, certain utilities have various projects under development that involve the conversion or replacement of oil-fired and coal-fired power plants to natural gas-fired generation. Along the Front Range of CIG’s system, utilities have various projects under development that involve constructing new natural gas-fired generation to provide backup capacity required when renewable generation is not available during certain daily or seasonal periods. Most of these potential expanded loads are for projects with in-service dates for 2014 and beyond. If we are successful in contracting for these new loads, then the capital requirements of such projects, which could be substantial, would be incremental to our backlog of contracted organic growth projects. Although we pursue the development of these potential projects from time to time, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in negotiating the definitive binding contracts necessary for such projects to be included in our backlog of contracted organic growth projects.
Our Relationship with El Paso Corporation
El Paso is an energy company founded in 1928 in El Paso, Texas that primarily operates in the regulated natural gas transportation sector and the exploration and production sector of the energy industry. El Paso reported 2008 revenues that exceeded $5.3 billion. El Paso reported that its pipeline segment generated approximately $1.3 billion of earnings before interest and taxes in 2008. El Paso’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EP”.
El Paso owns our two percent general partner interest, all of our incentive distribution rights, a 72 percent limited partner interest in us, including both common and subordinated units, and the remaining 60 percent general partner interest in CIG and 75 percent general partner interest in SNG not owned by us. We have an omnibus agreement with El Paso and our general partner that governs our relationship with them regarding the provision of specified services to us, as well as certain reimbursement and indemnification matters.
As a substantial owner in us, El Paso is motivated to promote and support the successful execution of our business strategies, including utilizing our partnership as a growth vehicle for its natural gas transportation, storage and other energy infrastructure businesses. On September 30, 2008, we acquired an additional 30 percent general partner interest in CIG and an additional 15 percent general partner interest in SNG from El Paso. Although we expect to have the opportunity to make additional acquisitions directly from El Paso in the future, El Paso is under no obligation to make acquisition opportunities available to us.
Recent Developments
Operating Results. For the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we reported net income of $46.0 million, which represents a 67 percent increase compared with $27.6 million for the same period in 2008 and a 7 percent increase compared with $43.1 million reported for the fourth quarter of 2008. Distributable cash flow for the quarter ended
S-3
March 31, 2009 was $51.2 million, which represents an 84 percent increase compared with $27.8 million for the same period in 2008. For a reconciliation of distributable cash flow to net income, the nearest financial measure prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), please readpage S-13. The increases in net income and distributable cash flow are due primarily to our higher ownership interests in CIG and SNG following the September 2008 acquisition of an additional 30 percent general partner interest in CIG and an additional 15 percent general partner interest in SNG from El Paso. Due to the seasonal nature of our business, our earnings have historically been higher in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters, and we expect this to be the case in 2009 as well.
Distribution. On April 21, 2009, the board of directors of El Paso Pipeline GP Company, L.L.C., our general partner, declared a cash distribution for the first quarter of 2009 of $0.3250 per unit ($1.30 annualized) that was paid on May 15, 2009 to common and subordinated unitholders of record as of May 1, 2009. This distribution represented an increase of 1.6 percent over the distribution of $0.3200 per unit for the quarter ended December 31, 2008 and a 13 percent increase over the distribution of $0.2875 per unit paid for the quarter ended March 31, 2008.
Business Strategies
Our primary business objectives are to generate stable cash flows sufficient to make distributions to our unitholders and to grow our business through the construction, development and acquisition of additional energy infrastructure assets. We intend to increase our cash distributions over time by enhancing the value of our transportation and storage assets by:
| | |
| • | Providing outstanding customer service; |
|
| • | Focusing on increasing utilization, efficiency and cost control in our operations; |
|
| • | Pursuing economically attractive organic and greenfield expansion opportunities; |
|
| • | Pursuing strategic asset acquisitions from third parties and El Paso to grow our business; and |
|
| • | Maintaining the integrity and ensuring the safety of our pipeline systems and other assets. |
For a description of the risks associated with our business, which may prevent us from executing these strategies, please read “Risk Factors” beginning onpage S-14.
Our Executive Offices
Our principal executive offices are located at the El Paso Building, 1001 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002 and our telephone number is(713) 420-2600.
S-4
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The chart below depicts our organization and ownership structure as of the date of this prospectus supplement before giving effect to this offering.
Ownership of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P.
| | | | |
Public Common Units | | | 25.8 | % |
El Paso Common Units | | | 48.1 | % |
El Paso Subordinated Units | | | 24.1 | % |
General Partner Interest (2,299,526 general partner units) | | | 2.0 | % |
| | | | |
Total | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | |
S-5
THE OFFERING
| | |
Common Units Offered by Us | | 11,000,000 common units (12,650,000 common units if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common units in full) |
|
Common Units Outstanding Before this Offering | | 84,965,923 |
|
Common Units Outstanding After this Offering | | 95,965,923 common units (97,615,923 common units if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common units in full) |
|
Use of Proceeds | | We expect to receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $ million, including our general partner’s proportionate capital contribution, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. We will use the net proceeds of this offering, including our general partner’s proportionate capital contribution and any proceeds from the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional units, for general partnership purposes, including potential future acquisitions and growth capital expenditures. Pending the use of the proceeds for other purposes, we may apply some or all of the net proceeds to reduce outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Please read “Use of Proceeds.” |
|
Cash Distributions | | Our partnership agreement requires us to distribute all of our cash on hand at the end of each quarter, less reserves established by our general partner. We refer to this cash as “available cash,” and we define its meaning in our partnership agreement. Our partnership agreement also requires that we distribute all of our available cash from operating surplus each quarter in the following manner: |
|
| | • first, 98% to the holders of common units and 2% to our general partner, until each common unit has received a minimum quarterly distribution of $0.28750 plus any arrearages from prior quarters; |
|
| | • second, 98% to the holders of subordinated units and 2% to our general partner, until each subordinated unit has received a minimum quarterly distribution of $0.28750; and |
|
| | • third, 98% to all unitholders, pro rata, and 2% to our general partner, until each unit has received a distribution of $0.33063. |
|
| | If cash distributions to our unitholders exceed $0.33063 per unit in any quarter, our general partner will receive, in addition to distributions on its 2% general partner interest, increasing percentages, up to 48%, of the cash we distribute in excess of that amount. We refer to these distributions as “incentive distributions.” |
|
| | On April 21, 2009, we announced a quarterly cash distribution for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 of $0.3250 per unit that was paid on May 15, 2009 to common and subordinated unitholders of record as of May 1, 2009. This represents an increase of 1.6 percent over the distribution of $0.3200 per unit for the quarter ended December 31, 2008 and a 13 percent increase over the distribution of $0.2875 per unit paid for the quarter ended March 31, 2008. |
S-6
| | |
| | Please read “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions” in the accompanying base prospectus for more information. |
|
Issuance of Additional Common Units | | We can issue an unlimited number of common units without the consent of our unitholders. |
|
Voting Rights | | Our general partner manages and operates us. Common unitholders only have limited voting rights on matters affecting our business. Common unitholders have no right to elect our general partner or the directors of its general partner on an annual or other continuing basis. Our general partner may not be removed except by a vote of the holders of at least 662/3 percent of the outstanding units, including any units owned by our general partner and its affiliates, voting together as a single class. Upon consummation of this offering, our general partner and its affiliates will own an aggregate of approximately 67.1 percent of our common and subordinated units. This will give El Paso the ability to prevent our general partner’s involuntary removal. |
|
Limited call right | | If at any time our general partner and its affiliates own more than 75 percent of our limited partner interests of any class excluding, until September 30, 2010, common units received by El Paso’s affiliates in connection with El Paso’s contribution to us of additional general partner interests in each of CIG and SNG in September 2008, our general partner will have the right, but not the obligation, which it may assign to any of its affiliates or to us, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the limited partner interests held by unaffiliated persons at a price not less than their then-current market price. As a result, unitholders may be required to sell common units at an undesirable time or price and may not receive any return on investment. Unitholders might also incur a tax liability upon a sale of such units. Our general partner is not obligated to obtain a fairness opinion regarding the value of the common units to be repurchased by it upon exercise of the limited call right. Currently, for purposes of the calculation of the limited call right, our general partner and its affiliates own 65.5 percent of our limited partner interests, excluding the common units received in September 2008. Giving effect to the offering, this ownership percentage will decrease to 58.0 percent. |
|
Eligible Holders and Redemption | | Only Eligible Holders will be entitled to receive distributions or be allocated income or loss from us. Eligible Holders are: |
|
| | • individuals or entities subject to United States federal income taxation on the income generated by us; or |
|
| | • entities that, while not subject to United States federal taxation on the income generated by us, have owners that are all subject to such taxation. |
|
| | We have the right, which we may assign to any of our affiliates, but not the obligation, to redeem all of the common and subordinated units of any holder that is not an Eligible Holder or that has failed to certify or has falsely certified that such holder is an Eligible Holder. The purchase price for such redemption would be equal to the lower of the holder’s purchase price and the then-current market price of the |
S-7
| | |
| | units. The redemption price will be paid in cash or by delivery of a promissory note, as determined by our general partner. |
|
| | Please read “Description of the Common Units — Transfer of Common Units” and “Our Partnership Agreement — Non-Eligible Holders; Redemption” in the accompanying base prospectus. |
|
Estimated Ratio of Taxable Income to Distributions | | We estimate that if you own the common units you purchase in this offering through the record date for distributions for the period ending December 31, 2011, you will be allocated, on a cumulative basis, an amount of federal taxable income for that period that will be 20 percent or less of the cash distributed to you with respect to that period. Please read “Material Tax Considerations” onpage S-18 of this prospectus supplement for an explanation of the basis for this estimate. |
|
Material Tax Considerations | | For a discussion of other material federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to prospective unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the United States, please read “Material Tax Considerations” in the prospectus. |
|
New York Stock Exchange Symbol | | EPB |
|
Risk Factors | | You should read “Risk Factors” beginning onpage S-14 of this prospectus supplement and found in the documents incorporated herein by reference, as well as the other cautionary statements throughout this prospectus supplement, to ensure you understand the risks associated with an investment in our common units. |
S-8
SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents summary consolidated financial data and should be read together with the financial statements and related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report onForm 10-K(Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2008 and our Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q(Form 10-Q) for the three months ended March 31, 2009, both of which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Our summary historical financial data as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are derived from our audited financial statements included in ourForm 10-K, except for the retrospective application of Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) IssueNo. 07-4,Application of the Two-Class Method under FASB Statement No. 128 to Master Limited Partnerships,onearnings-per-unit as further described below. Our summary historical financial data as of March 31, 2009 and 2008 and for each of the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are derived from our unaudited financial statements included in ourForm 10-Q. Due to the seasonal nature of our business, information for interim periods may not be indicative of our operating results for the entire year. The historical summary financial information for all periods presented is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future periods.
For periods prior to the closing of our initial public offering on November 21, 2007, the selected financial data only reflects the operating results and financial position of WIC. In conjunction with our formation on November 21, 2007, El Paso contributed to us 10 percent general partner interests in each of CIG and SNG. On September 30, 2008, we acquired an additional 30 percent general partner interest in CIG and an additional 15 percent general partner interest in SNG from El Paso. We have recorded our share of CIG’s and SNG’s operating results as earnings from unconsolidated affiliates from the dates we received interests in these entities. Since our interests in CIG and SNG are not reflected for periods prior to November 2007, the historical results of operations and the period to period comparison of results may not be indicative of future operating results.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | Year Ended
| |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (in millions, except per unit data) | |
|
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating revenues | | $ | 39.7 | | | $ | 33.7 | | | $ | 141.1 | | | $ | 110.4 | | | $ | 97.7 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operation and maintenance | | | 9.6 | | | | 8.2 | | | | 33.6 | | | | 27.8 | | | | 14.3 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 7.0 | | | | 6.2 | | | | 26.1 | | | | 15.7 | | | | 14.2 | |
Taxes, other than income taxes | | | 1.2 | | | | 1.1 | | | | 4.3 | | | | 3.8 | | | | 2.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 17.8 | | | | 15.5 | | | | 64.0 | | | | 47.3 | | | | 30.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 21.9 | | | | 18.2 | | | | 77.1 | | | | 63.1 | | | | 67.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates | | | 29.0 | | | | 15.1 | | | | 58.8 | | | | 4.7 | | | | — | |
Other income (expense), net | | | 0.2 | | | | (0.1 | ) | | | 1.5 | | | | 7.4 | | | | 3.6 | |
Interest and debt expense, net | | | (5.1 | ) | | | (5.6 | ) | | | (22.9 | ) | | | (9.6 | ) | | | (5.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 46.0 | | | $ | 27.6 | | | $ | 114.5 | | | $ | 65.6 | | | $ | 65.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income per limited partner unit — Basic and Diluted(a): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common units | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | $ | 1.26 | | | $ | 0.11 | | | | | |
Subordinated units | | | 0.40 | | | | 0.32 | | | | 1.12 | | | | 0.11 | | | | | |
S-9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | Year Ended
| |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (in millions, except per unit data) | |
|
Balance Sheet Data (at period end): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 1,425.0 | | | $ | 937.1 | | | $ | 1,434.6 | | | $ | 902.5 | | | | | |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | | | 647.4 | | | | 624.8 | | | | 646.3 | | | | 612.2 | | | | | |
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | | | 718.5 | | | | 269.9 | | | | 715.9 | | | | 258.5 | | | | | |
Long-term financing obligations, including capital lease obligation | | | 767.2 | | | | 502.8 | | | | 777.3 | | | | 462.9 | | | | | |
Total partners’ capital | | | 643.4 | | | | 407.7 | | | | 634.4 | | | | 391.3 | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | During the first quarter of 2009, we adopted the provisions of EITF IssueNo. 07-4, Application of the Two-Class Method under FASB Statement No. 128 to Master Limited Partnerships, which changes the manner in which master limited partnerships calculate net income per unit. This standard requires the calculation of net income per unit based on actual distributions made to a master limited partnership’s unitholders, including the holders of incentive distribution rights (IDRs), for the related reporting period as further described in ourForm 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2009, incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. The adoption of this guidance requires retrospective application to all periods presented; accordingly, net income per limited partner unit presented in the table above reflects the adoption of EITFIssue No. 07-4 in all periods presented. Earnings per basic and diluted unit reported in ourForm 10-K prior to adoption of this standard was $1.22 per common and subordinated unit for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $0.13 per common unit and $0.09 per subordinated unit in 2007 for the period from the date of our IPO through December 31, 2007. |
S-10
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our management uses earnings before interest expense and income taxes (EBIT) as a measure to assess the operating results and effectiveness of our businesses, which consist of consolidated operations as well as investments in unconsolidated affiliates. We believe EBIT is useful to our investors because it allows them to evaluate more effectively our operating performance using the same performance measure analyzed internally by our management. We define EBIT as net income adjusted for (1) items that do not impact our income from continuing operations, (2) interest and debt expense, net, and (3) income taxes. We exclude interest and debt expense from this measure so that investors may evaluate our operating results without regard to our financing methods. EBIT may not be comparable to measurements used by other companies. Additionally, EBIT should be considered in conjunction with net income and other performance measures such as operating income or operating cash flows. Below is a reconciliation of our EBIT to our net income for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | Year Ended
| |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (in millions) | |
|
Operating revenues | | $ | 39.7 | | | $ | 33.7 | | | $ | 141.1 | | | $ | 110.4 | | | $ | 97.7 | |
Operating expenses | | | (17.8 | ) | | | (15.5 | ) | | | (64.0 | ) | | | (47.3 | ) | | | (30.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 21.9 | | | | 18.2 | | | | 77.1 | | | | 63.1 | | | | 67.1 | |
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates(a) | | | 29.0 | | | | 15.1 | | | | 58.8 | | | | 4.7 | | | | — | |
Other income (expense), net | | | 0.2 | | | | (0.1 | ) | | | 1.5 | | | | 7.4 | | | | 3.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
EBIT | | | 51.1 | | | | 33.2 | | | | 137.4 | | | | 75.2 | | | | 70.7 | |
Interest and debt expense, net | | | (5.1 | ) | | | (5.6 | ) | | | (22.9 | ) | | | (9.6 | ) | | | (5.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 46.0 | | | $ | 27.6 | | | $ | 114.5 | | | $ | 65.6 | | | $ | 65.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | On November 21, 2007, El Paso contributed the initial 10 percent general partner interests in CIG and SNG in connection with our formation. Effective September 2008, we acquired from El Paso an additional 30 percent general partner interest in CIG and an additional 15 percent general partner interest in SNG. |
Unconsolidated Affiliates
As of March 31, 2009, we owned a 40 percent general partner interest in CIG and a 25 percent general partner interest in SNG. In conjunction with our formation on November 21, 2007, El Paso contributed the initial 10 percent general partner interests in CIG and SNG. Effective September 2008, we acquired from El Paso an additional 30 percent general partner interest in CIG and an additional 15 percent general partner interest in SNG. We accounted for the acquisition of our additional interests prospectively beginning on the dates we received interests in these entities. Our equity in earnings for CIG and SNG for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Earnings from
| |
| | Unconsolidated Affiliates | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
|
CIG | | $ | 16.5 | | | $ | 5.7 | | | $ | 29.0 | | | $ | 2.1 | |
SNG | | | 12.5 | | | | 9.4 | | | | 29.8 | | | | 2.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 29.0 | | | $ | 15.1 | | | $ | 58.8 | | | $ | 4.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
S-11
The information presented below reflects 100 percent of the results of CIG and SNG.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | Year Ended
| |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | (in millions) | |
|
CIG | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating revenues | | $ | 97 | | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 323 | |
Operating expenses | | | (46 | ) | | | (40 | ) | | | (170 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 51 | | | | 50 | | | | 153 | |
Other income, net | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | 11 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
EBIT | | | 53 | | | | 51 | | | | 164 | |
Interest and debt expense | | | (12 | ) | | | (10 | ) | | | (38 | ) |
Affiliated interest income, net | | | — | | | | 9 | | | | 23 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | | | 41 | | | | 50 | | | | 149 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 41 | | | $ | 50 | | | $ | 149 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | Year Ended
| |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | (in millions) | |
|
SNG | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating revenues(a) | | $ | 126 | | | $ | 163 | | | $ | 540 | |
Operating expenses | | | (62 | ) | | | (62 | ) | | | (269 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 64 | | | | 101 | | | | 271 | |
Earnings from unconsolidated affiliates | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | | | 13 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | (4 | ) | | | 4 | | | | 10 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
EBIT | | | 63 | | | | 109 | | | | 294 | |
Interest and debt expense | | | (16 | ) | | | (20 | ) | | | (72 | ) |
Affiliated interest income | | | 1 | | | | 6 | | | | 13 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | | | 48 | | | | 95 | | | | 235 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 48 | | | $ | 95 | | | $ | 235 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | During the three months ended March 31, 2008, SNG recorded revenue of approximately $29 million in conjunction with amounts received under a Calpine bankruptcy settlement. |
S-12
Distributable Cash Flow
We use a non-GAAP financial measure “Distributable Cash Flow” to measure the amount of cash we can distribute to our unitholders. We define Distributable Cash Flow as Adjusted EBITDA less cash interest expense, maintenance capital expenditures, and other income and expenses, net, which primarily includes a non-cash allowance for equity funds used during construction (“AFUDC equity”) and other non-cash items. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income plus depreciation and amortization expense, interest and debt expense, net of interest income and the partnership’s share of distributions declared by CIG and SNG for the applicable period, less equity in earnings of CIG and SNG.
We also believe that the non-GAAP financial measure described above is useful to investors because this measurement is used by many companies in the industry as a measurement of operating and financial performance and is commonly employed by financial analysts and others to evaluate our operating and financial performance and to compare it with the performance of other publicly traded partnerships within the industry.
Distributable Cash Flow should not be considered an alternative to net income, earnings per unit, operating income, cash flow from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Distributable Cash Flow excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income and operating income and this measure may vary among other companies. Therefore, Distributable Cash Flow as presented may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure of other companies. Furthermore, while Distributable Cash Flow is a measure we use to assess our ability to make distributions to our unitholders, it should not be viewed as indicative of the actual amount of cash that we have available for distributions or that we plan to distribute for a given period.
The table below provides our calculation of Distributable Cash Flow for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and for the year ended December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
| | | Year Ended
| |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | (in millions) | |
|
Net income | | $ | 46.0 | | | $ | 27.6 | | | $ | 114.5 | |
Add: Interest and debt expense, net | | | 5.1 | | | | 5.6 | | | | 22.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
EBIT | | | 51.1 | | | | 33.2 | | | | 137.4 | |
Add: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 7.0 | | | | 6.2 | | | | 26.1 | |
Distributions declared by CIG and SNG | | | 28.2 | | | | 13.3 | | | | 67.9 | |
Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity earnings from CIG and SNG | | | (29.0 | ) | | | (15.1 | ) | | | (58.8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA | | | 57.3 | | | | 37.6 | | | | 172.6 | |
Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash interest expense, net | | | (5.1 | ) | | | (5.6 | ) | | | (22.9 | ) |
Maintenance capital expenditures | | | (0.6 | ) | | | (0.6 | ) | | | (1.3 | ) |
Other, net(a) | | | (0.4 | ) | | | (3.6 | ) | | | (2.2 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributable cash flow | | $ | 51.2 | | | $ | 27.8 | | | $ | 146.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(a) | | Includes certain non-cash items such as AFUDC equity and other items. |
S-13
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common units involves risks. Before investing in our common units, you should carefully consider all of the information about risks included in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and the risk factors contained in the accompanying base prospectus, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If any of the risks were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and future prospects could be materially adversely affected. In such case, we may be unable to pay distributions on our common units, the trading price of our common units could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.
S-14
USE OF PROCEEDS
We expect to receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $ million, including our general partner’s proportionate capital contribution, or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common units in full, in each case after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.
We will use the net proceeds of this offering, including our general partner’s proportionate capital contribution and any exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional units, for general partnership purposes, including potential future acquisitions and growth capital expenditures. Pending the use of the proceeds for other purposes, we may apply some or all of the net proceeds to reduce outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
As of June 5, 2009, an aggregate of approximately $588.1 million of borrowings were outstanding under our revolving credit facility. The weighted average interest rate on the total amount outstanding at June 5, 2009, was .9603 percent. Our revolving credit facility matures on November 21, 2012. We use revolving credit loans to fund growth capital expenditures and working capital requirements.
The underwriters may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for us and our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business. Affiliates of certain underwriters are lenders under our credit facility and, as such, could receive a substantial portion of the proceeds from this offering in the event of the repayment of borrowings under such facility. Please read “Underwriting.”
S-15
CAPITALIZATION
The following table shows our capitalization as of March 31, 2009 on an actual basis and as adjusted to reflect this offering of common units, including our general partner’s proportionate capital contribution of $ million, and the application of the net proceeds as described under “Use of Proceeds.”
You should read this information in conjunction with “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 1. Financial Statements” contained in our Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2009, which we incorporate by reference.
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2009 | |
| | Historical | | | As Adjusted | |
| | (in millions) | |
|
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1.2 | | | $ | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total long-term debt: | | | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facility | | $ | 574.9 | | | $ | | |
Other | | | 192.8 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total debt | | $ | 767.7 | | | $ | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Partners’ capital: | | | | | | | | |
Common units | | $ | 1,071.4 | | | $ | | |
Subordinated units | | | 291.6 | | | | | |
General partner units | | | (719.6 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total partners’ capital | | $ | 643.4 | | | $ | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total capitalization | | $ | 1,411.1 | | | $ | | |
| | | | | | | | |
S-16
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON UNITS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Our common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EPB”. As of June 5, 2009, there were 84,965,923 common units outstanding, which were held by approximately 23 holders of record. The last reported sales price of the common units on the New York Stock Exchange on June 5, 2009 was $18.85 per unit.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per common unit, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, and the amount of the cash distributions declared per common unit and subordinated unit:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Cash
|
| | | | | | Distributions
|
| | Price Range | | Per Common and
|
| | High | | Low | | Subordinated Unit(a) |
|
Year Ended December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Second Quarter (through June 5, 2009) | | $ | 19.80 | | | $ | 16.92 | | | $ | — | (b) |
First Quarter | | | 20.00 | | | | 14.91 | | | | 0.32500 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 21.80 | | | | 11.95 | | | | 0.32000 | |
Third Quarter | | | 21.95 | | | | 11.72 | | | | 0.30000 | |
Second Quarter | | | 24.35 | | | | 20.57 | | | | 0.29500 | |
First Quarter | | | 25.00 | | | | 18.53 | | | | 0.28750 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fourth Quarter(c) | | | 25.65 | | | | 20.24 | | | | 0.12813 | |
| | |
(a) | | Distributions are shown for the quarter with respect to which they were declared. |
| | |
(b) | | The distribution attributable to the quarter ending June 30, 2009 has not yet been declared or paid. We expect to declare and pay a cash distribution within 45 days following the end of the quarter. |
| | |
(c) | | For the period from November 21, 2007, the date of our initial public offering, through December 31, 2007. |
S-17
MATERIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The tax consequences to you of an investment in our common units will depend in part on your own tax circumstances. For a discussion of the principal federal income tax considerations associated with our operations and the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common units, please read “Material Tax Considerations” in the accompanying base prospectus. Please also read “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Tax Risks to Common Unitholders” in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 for a discussion of the tax risks related to purchasing and owning our common units. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences peculiar to your circumstances.
Partnership Status
The anticipated after-tax economic benefit of an investment in our common units depends largely on our being treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. We have not requested, and do not plan to request, a ruling from the IRS on this or any other tax matter affecting us. In order to be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, at least 90% of our gross income must be from specific qualifying sources, such as the transportation and storage of natural gas and natural gas products or other passive types of income such as interest and dividends. For a more complete description of this qualifying income requirement, please read “Material Tax Considerations — Partnership Status” in the accompanying base prospectus.
If we were treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, we would pay federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate tax rate, which is currently a maximum of 35%, and would likely pay state income tax at varying rates. Distributions to you would generally be taxed again as corporate distributions, and no income, gains, losses or deductions would flow through to you. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporation, our cash available for distribution to you would be substantially reduced. Therefore, treatment of us as a corporation would result in a material reduction in the anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to the unitholders, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our common units.
Ratio of Taxable Income to Distributions
We estimate that if you purchase common units in this offering and own them through the record date for distributions for the period ending December 31, 2011, then you will be allocated, on a cumulative basis, an amount of federal taxable income for that period that will be 20% or less of the cash distributed to you with respect to that period. Thereafter, we anticipate that the ratio of allocable taxable income to cash distributions to the unitholders will increase. These estimates are based upon the assumption that gross income from operations will approximate the amount required to make the minimum quarterly distribution on all units and other assumptions with respect to capital expenditures, cash flow, net working capital and anticipated cash distributions. These estimates and assumptions are subject to, among other things, numerous business, economic, regulatory, competitive and political uncertainties beyond our control. Further, the estimates are based on current tax law and tax reporting positions that we will adopt and with which the IRS could disagree. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that these estimates will prove to be correct. The actual percentage of distributions that will constitute taxable income could be higher or lower than expected, and any differences could be material and could materially affect the value of the common units. For example, the ratio of allocable taxable income to cash distributions to a purchaser of common units in this offering will be greater, and perhaps substantially greater, than our estimate with respect to the period described above if:
| | |
| • | gross income from operations exceeds the amount required to make minimum quarterly distributions on all units, yet we only distribute the minimum quarterly distributions on all units; or |
|
| • | we make a future offering of common units and use the proceeds of the offering in a manner that does not produce substantial additional deductions during the period described above, such as to repay indebtedness outstanding at the time of this offering or to acquire property that is not eligible for depreciation or amortization for federal income tax purposes or that is depreciable or amortizable at a rate significantly slower than the rate applicable to our assets at the time of this offering. |
Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors
Ownership of common units by tax-exempt entities, regulated investment companies andnon-U.S. investors raises issues unique to such persons. Please read “Material Tax Considerations — Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors” in the accompanying base prospectus.
S-18
UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus supplement, the underwriters have severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell, the number of common units set forth opposite the underwriter’s name. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and UBS Securities LLC are acting as joint bookrunners and representatives of the underwriters named below.
| | | | |
| | Number of
|
Underwriters | | Common Units |
|
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated | | | | |
Barclays Capital Inc. | | | | |
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. | | | | |
UBS Securities LLC | | | | |
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC | | | | |
Goldman, Sachs & Co. | | | | |
Raymond James & Associates, Inc. | | | | |
| | | | |
Total | | | 11,000,000 | |
| | | | |
The underwriters are offering the common units subject to their acceptance of the common units from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the common units offered by this prospectus supplement is subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the common units offered by this prospectus supplement if any such common units are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the common units covered by the underwriters’ option to purchase additional common units described below.
The representatives have advised us that the underwriters initially propose to offer part of the common units directly to the public at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $ per common unit under the public offering price. After the initial offering of the common units in this offering, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the underwriters.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement, to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,650,000 additional common units at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, less underwriting discounts and commissions. If the underwriters’ option is exercised in full, the total price to the public would be $ , the total underwriters’ discounts and commissions would be $ and the total proceeds to us would be $ .
We estimate that ourout-of-pocket expenses for this offering, excluding underwriters’ discounts and commissions, will be approximately $500,000.
We, our general partner and certain of its affiliates, including the directors and officers of our general partner, have agreed not to, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common units or any securities which may be converted into or exercised or exchanged for any common units, other than certain permitted transfers, issuances and grants of options (including pursuant to an existing employee benefit plan), or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common units or (3) file any registration statement relating to the offering of any common units or securities convertible or exchangeable into common units for a period of 90 days from the date of this prospectus supplement, except with respect to (a) the issuance of common units in connection with this offering, (b) issuances of common units, or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common units, pursuant to the El Paso Pipeline GP Company, L.L.C. Long-Term Incentive Plan, (c) issuances of common units or securities
S-19
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common units, pursuant to aForm S-4 in connection with a business combination or acquisition, provided that, such issuances shall not exceed 5% of the total number of outstanding common units and the recipient agrees to hold the balance of any common units sold pursuant to aForm S-4 for the balance of the 90-day period, (d) issuances of common units or other rights to acquire common units in private transactions in connection with future acquisitions, provided the persons receiving the common units or other rights to acquire the common units agree to be bound for the remainder of the 90-day period, or (e) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant toRule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of common units, provided that such plan does not provide for the transfer of common units during the 90-day period. Additionally, pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 30, 2008, Tortoise Energy Infrastructure Corporation has agreed that neither it nor its affiliates will effect any public sale or distribution of the common units it owns during the30-day period beginning the day after the pricing date of this offering.
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, in its discretion, may release the common units and the other securities subject to thelock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time with or without notice. When determining whether or not to release common units and the other securities fromlock-up agreements, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated will consider, among other factors, the unitholder’s reasons for requesting the release, the number of common units and other securities for which the release is being requested and the market conditions at the time.
In order to facilitate the offering of the common units, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common units. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot in connection with the offering, creating a short position in the common units for its own account. In addition, to cover over-allotments or to stabilize the price of the common units, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, common units in the open market. Finally, the underwriters may reclaim selling concessions allowed to the underwriters or a dealer for distributing the common units in the offering, if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed common units in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the common units above independent market levels. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities without notice at any time.
We and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Because the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, views the common units offered hereby as interests in a direct participation program, the offering is being made in compliance with Rule 2810 of the National Association of Securities Dealers’, or NASD, Conduct Rules (which are part of the FINRA Rules). Investor suitability with respect to the common units should be judged similarly to the suitability with respect to other securities that are listed for trading on a national securities exchange.
Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates perform various financial advisory, investment banking and commercial banking services from time to time for us and our affiliates, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expense reimbursement. Additionally, affiliates of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., UBS Securities LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Goldman, Sachs & Co. are lenders under our credit facility and will receive a portion of the proceeds from this offering pursuant to the repayment of borrowings under that credit facility. Because we intend to use more than 10% of the net proceeds from this offering to reduce indebtedness owed by us to such affiliates, this offering is being conducted in compliance with the applicable requirements of FINRA Rule 5110 and Rule 2720 of the NASD Conduct Rules. Because a bona fide independent market exists for our common units, FINRA does not require that we use a qualified independent underwriter for this offering.
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus may be used by the underwriters in connection with offers and sales of the common units in certain agented brokers’ transactions; however, the underwriters are not obligated to engage in such agented brokers’ transactions and may discontinue such activities without notice at any time.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Andrews Kurth LLP, Houston, Texas, will pass upon the validity of the common units offered hereby and various other legal matters in connection with the offering on our behalf. Vinson & Elkins L.L.P., Houston, Texas, will pass upon certain legal matters in connection with the offering on behalf of the underwriters.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, appearing in El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P.’s Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (the“Form 10-K”), have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated financial statements of Colorado Interstate Gas Company at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 appearing in theForm 10-K, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated financial statements of Southern Natural Gas Company at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 appearing in theForm 10-K, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference, which is based in part on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. The financial statements referred to above are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firms as experts in accounting and auditing.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this document. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the previously filed information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, excluding information deemed to be furnished and not filed with the SEC, until all the securities are sold:
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| • | Annual Report onForm 10-K (FileNo. 001-33825) for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed on March 2, 2009; |
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| • | Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q (FileNo. 001-33825) for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 11, 2009; |
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| • | Current Report onForm 8-K (FileNo. 001-33825), filed on January 7, 2009; and |
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| • | The description of our common units contained in our registration statement onForm 8-A (FileNo. 001-33825), filed on November 13, 2007. |
Each of these documents is available from the SEC’s website and public reference rooms described above. Through our website,http://www.eppipelinepartners.com, you can access electronic copies of documents we file with the SEC, including our annual reports onForm 10-K, quarterly reports onForm 10-Q and current reports onForm 8-K and any amendments to those reports. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Access to those electronic filings is available as soon as reasonably practical after filing with the SEC. You may also request a copy of those filings, excluding exhibits, at no cost by writing or telephoning Investor
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Relations, El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P., at our principal executive office, which is: El Paso Building, 1001 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002; Telephone:(713) 420-2600.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the information in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition, or forecasts of future events. Words such as “may,” “assume,” “forecast,” “position,” “predict,” “strategy,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “budget,” “potential,” or “continue,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements. They can be affected by assumptions used or by known or unknown risks or uncertainties. Consequently, no forward-looking statements can be guaranteed. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this prospectus. Actual results may vary materially. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. You should also understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and should not consider the following list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by such forward-looking statements include:
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| • | changes in general economic conditions; |
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| • | competitive conditions in our industry; |
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| • | actions taken by third-party operators, processors and transporters; |
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| • | changes in the availability and cost of capital, including limited access to capital markets; |
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| • | operating hazards, natural disasters, weather-related delays, casualty losses and other matters beyond our control; |
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| • | the effects of existing and future laws and governmental regulations; |
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| • | the effects of future litigation; and |
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| • | certain factors discussed elsewhere in this prospectus. |
You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or the documents we incorporate by reference. Our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Such statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the matters discussed in “Risk Factors” beginning onpage S-14 of this prospectus supplement, beginning on page 3 of the accompanying base prospectus and in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize (or the consequences of such a development changes), or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual outcomes may vary materially from those forecasted or expected. We undertake no responsibility to update forward-looking statements for changes related to these or any other factors that may occur subsequent to this filing for any reason.
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PROSPECTUS
EL PASO PIPELINE PARTNERS, L.P.
$1,000,000,000
Common Units Representing Limited Partner Interests
Debt Securities
We may from time to time offer the following securities under this prospectus:
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| • | common units representing limited partner interests in El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P.; and |
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| • | debt securities of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P., which may be secured or unsecured senior debt securities or secured or unsecured subordinated debt securities. |
Certain subsidiaries of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. may guarantee the debt securities.
The securities we may offer:
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| • | will have a maximum aggregate offering price of $1,000,000,000; |
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| • | will be offered in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more accompanying prospectus supplements; and |
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| • | may be offered separately or together, or in separate series. |
Our common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EPB.” We will provide information in the prospectus supplement, for the trading market, if any, for any debt securities we may offer.
You should carefully read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement before you invest. You also should read the documents we have referred you to in the “Where You Can Find More Information” section of this prospectus for information on us and our financial statements. This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Investing in our securities involves risks. Limited partnerships are inherently different from corporations. You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 3 of this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement before you make an investment in our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is March 24, 2009.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents we have incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, as well as the information we previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that is incorporated by reference herein, is accurate as of any date other than its respective date.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process or continuous offering process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer from time to time up to $1,000,000,000 in total aggregate offering price of common units or debt securities in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the common units that may be offered by the selling unitholder. Each time we offer securities, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that will describe, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the securities being offered and the terms of the offering, including in the case of debt securities, the specific terms of the securities. That prospectus supplement may include additional risk factors or other special considerations applicable to those securities. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update, or change information in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
Additional information, including our financial statements and the notes thereto, is incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our reports filed with the SEC. Please read “Where You Can Find More Information.” You are urged to read this prospectus carefully, including our “Risk Factors,” and our reports filed with the SEC in their entirety before investing in our common units or debt securities.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the information in this prospectus may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition, or forecasts of future events. Words such as “may,” “assume,” “forecast,” “position,” “predict,” “strategy,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “budget,” “potential,” or “continue,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements. They can be affected by assumptions used or by known or unknown risks or uncertainties. Consequently, no forward-looking statements can be guaranteed. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this prospectus. Actual results may vary materially. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. You should also understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and should not consider the following list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by such forward-looking statements include:
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| • | changes in general economic conditions; |
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| • | competitive conditions in our industry; |
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| • | actions taken by third-party operators, processors and transporters; |
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| • | changes in the availability and cost of capital, including limited access to capital markets; |
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| • | operating hazards, natural disasters, weather-related delays, casualty losses and other matters beyond our control; |
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| • | the effects of existing and future laws and governmental regulations; |
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| • | the effects of future litigation; and |
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| • | certain factors discussed elsewhere in this prospectus. |
Additional information about risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements is contained in “Risk Factors.” The risk factors and other factors in this prospectus and contained in the documents incorporated herein by reference could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference are only made as of the date of such document and, except as required by securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
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ABOUT EL PASO PIPELINE PARTNERS, L.P.
We are a Delaware master limited partnership (“MLP”) formed in November 2007 by El Paso Corporation (“El Paso”) to own and operate natural gas transportation pipelines and storage assets. We completed our initial public offering on November 21, 2007, issuing 28.8 million common units to the public.
We conduct our business activities through various natural gas pipeline systems and storage facilities including the Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd., (“WIC”) system, a 40 percent general partner interest in Colorado Interstate Gas Company (“CIG”) and a 25 percent general partner interest in Southern Natural Gas Company (“SNG”). WIC is an interstate pipeline transportation business primarily located in Wyoming, Utah and Colorado. CIG is an interstate pipeline transportation business that extends from production areas in the U.S. Rocky Mountain region to interconnection points on pipelines transporting gas to the Midwest and to market areas in the Front Range of Colorado and Wyoming. SNG is an interstate pipeline transportation business that extends from production fields in the southern U.S. and the Gulf of Mexico to market areas across the Southeast.
Our systems transport and store natural gas for local distribution companies (“LDCs”), other natural gas distribution and industrial companies, electric generation companies, natural gas producers, other natural gas pipelines and natural gas marketing and trading companies. Our systems do not take title to the natural gas transported or stored for our customers, which mitigates our direct commodity price risk. The rates our systems charge are regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”).
El Paso Pipeline Partners Operating Company, L.L.C. and WIC may fully, unconditionally, jointly and severally guarantee any series of debt securities of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. offered by this prospectus, as set forth in a related prospectus supplement.
Our principal executive offices are located at the El Paso Building, 1001 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002 and our telephone number is(713) 420-2600.
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RISK FACTORS
Limited partner interests are inherently different from the capital stock of a corporation, although many of the business risks to which we are subject are similar to those that would be faced by a corporation engaged in a similar business.
You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or any prospectus supplement in evaluating an investment in our securities. If applicable, we will include in any prospectus supplement a description of those significant factors that could make the offering described in the prospectus supplement speculative or risky. If any of these risks were to occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In that case, we might not be able to pay distributions to our unitholders or pay interest on or the principal of any debt securities, the trading price of our securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The risks discussed herein refer to risks inherent to both our wholly-owned operations through WIC and our general partner interests in CIG and SNG.
Risks Inherent in Our Business
Our success depends on factors beyond our control.
The results of operations of our transportation and storage operations are impacted by the volumes of natural gas we transport or store for third parties and the prices we are able to charge for doing so. The volumes of natural gas we are able to transport and store depend on the actions of those third parties, and are beyond our control. Further, the following factors, most of which are also beyond our control, may unfavorably impact our ability to maintain or increase current throughput or to remarket unsubscribed capacity:
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| • | service area competition; |
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| • | price competition; |
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| • | changes in regulation and actions of regulatory bodies; |
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| • | weather conditions that impact throughput and storage levels; |
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| • | drilling activity and decreased availability of conventional gas supply sources and the availability and timing of other natural gas sources such as liquid natural gas, or LNG; |
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| • | continued development of additional sources of gas supply that can be accessed; |
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| • | decreased natural gas demand due to various factors, including economic slowdowns and increases in prices; |
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| • | legislative, regulatory or judicial actions that could result in (i) changes in the demand for natural gas and oil, such as mandatory greenhouse gas regulations and/or policies or (ii) changes in the availability of or increased demand for alternative energy sources such as hydroelectric power, solar, wind, nuclear energy, coal and fuel oil; |
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| • | availability and increased cost of capital to fund ongoing maintenance and growth projects, especially in periods of prolonged economic decline; |
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| • | opposition to energy infrastructure development, especially in environmentally sensitive areas; |
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| • | adverse general economic conditions; and |
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| • | unfavorable movements in natural gas prices in supply and demand areas. |
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We may not have sufficient cash from operations following the establishment of cash reserves and payment of fees and expenses, including cost reimbursements to our general partner, to enable us to make cash distributions to holders of our common units and subordinated units at the minimum quarterly distribution rate under our cash distribution policy.
We may not have sufficient available cash each quarter to continue to pay quarterly distributions at our current quarterly distribution rate with respect to the quarter ended December 31, 2008 of $0.32 per unit, or $1.28 per unit per year. Under this circumstance, we may be required to borrow under our $750 million revolving credit facility to pay future distributions at this current rate. Under our cash distribution policy, the amount of cash we can distribute on our units principally depends upon the amount of cash generated from our operations and not on reported net earnings for financial accounting purposes. Our cash flows will fluctuate based on, among other things:
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| • | the rates we charge and the volumes under contract for our transportation and storage services; |
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| • | the quantities of natural gas available for transport and the demand for natural gas; |
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| • | the price of natural gas; |
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| • | legislative or regulatory action affecting demand for and supply of natural gas, and the rates we are allowed to charge in relation to our operating costs; |
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| • | the level of our operating and maintenance and general and administrative costs; and |
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| • | the creditworthiness of our shippers. |
In addition, the actual amount of cash we will have available for distribution will depend on other factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
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| • | the level of capital expenditures we make; |
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| • | our debt service requirements, retirement of debt and other liabilities; |
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| • | fluctuations in working capital needs; |
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| • | our ability to borrow funds and access capital markets; |
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| • | the amount of cash distributed to us by the entities in which we own a minority interest; |
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| • | restrictions on distributions contained in debt agreements; and |
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| • | the amount of cash reserves established by our general partner, which may include reserves for tariff rates that are subject to refund. |
We own minority interests in two of our three primary assets, with the remaining interests in each of those assets owned by El Paso or its other subsidiaries. As a result, we will be unable to control the amount of cash we will receive from those operations and we could be required to contribute significant cash to fund our share of their operations, including capital expenditures. If we fail to make these contributions, we will be subject to specified penalties.
Our inability to control the operations of each of CIG, SNG and their respective subsidiaries and unconsolidated affiliates may mean that we do not receive the amount of cash we expect to be distributed to us. In 2008, our interests in CIG and SNG in the aggregate generated in excess of 30 percent of the cash we distributed and, accordingly, our performance is substantially dependent on CIG’s and SNG’s distributions to us. Since we only have a 40 percent general partner interest in CIG and a 25 percent general partner interest in SNG, we are unable to control ongoing operational and investment decisions at these entities, which may adversely affect the amount of cash otherwise available for distribution to us, including:
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| • | decisions with respect to incurrence of expenses and distributions to us; |
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| • | establishing reserves for working capital, maintenance capital expenditures, environmental matters and legal and rate proceedings; |
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| • | incurring additional indebtedness and principal and interest payments; and |
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| • | requiring us to make additional capital contributions to CIG and SNG to fund working capital, maintenance capital and expansion capital expenditures which could be material. In the event we elect not to make a required capital contribution or are unable to do so, our partnership interest could be diluted or it could affect the receipt of distributions until we have forgone distributions equal to our portion of the capital call plus a specified premium. |
Our natural gas transportation and storage systems are subject to regulation by agencies, including the FERC, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to establish transportation and storage rates that would allow recovery of the full cost of operating these pipeline systems and storage facilities, including a reasonable return, and our ability to make distributions.
Our interstate natural gas transportation and storage operations are subject to federal, state and local regulatory authorities. Specifically, our natural gas pipeline systems and our storage facilities and related assets are subject to regulation by the FERC, the United States Department of Transportation, the United States Department of Interior, and various state and local regulatory agencies. Regulatory actions taken by these agencies have the potential to adversely affect our profitability. Federal regulation extends to such matters as:
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| • | rates, operating terms and conditions of service, with SNG expected to file a new rate case in 2009 and CIG being required to file a new rate case to be effective no later than October 2011; |
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| • | the types of services we may offer to our customers; |
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| • | the contracts for service entered into with our customers; |
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| • | construction and abandonment of new facilities; |
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| • | the integrity and safety of our pipeline systems and related operations; |
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| • | acquisition, extension or abandonment of services or facilities; |
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| • | accounts and records; and |
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| • | relationships with affiliated companies involved in certain aspects of the natural gas business. |
Should we fail to comply with all applicable FERC administered statutes, rules, regulations and orders, we could be subject to substantial penalties and fines. Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the FERC has civil penalty authority under the NGA to impose penalties for current violations of up to $1,000,000 per day for each violation, to revoke existing certificate authority and to order disgorgement of profits associated with any violation.
Finally, we do not know how future regulations will impact the operation of our natural gas transportation and storage businesses or the effect such regulations could have on our business, financial condition, results of operations and thus our ability to make distributions.
The application of certain FERC policy statements is uncertain and could affect the rate of return on our equity we are allowed to recover through rates and the amount of any allowance (if any) our systems can include for income taxes in establishing their rates for service, which would in turn impact our revenues and/or equity earnings.
In setting authorized rates of return, the FERC uses a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the use of proxy groups to develop a range of reasonable returns earned on equity interests in companies with corresponding risks. The FERC then assigns a rate of return on equity within that range to reflect specific risks of that pipeline when compared to the proxy group companies. In prior decisions, the FERC has utilized a proxy group of companies that includes local distribution companies that are not faced with as much competition or risk as interstate pipelines. In addition, in April 2008, the FERC issued a policy statement concerning the composition of proxy groups used to determine natural gas pipelines’ returns on equity. Under the new policy, the FERC allows master limited partnerships to be included in the proxy group to determine
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return on equity. However, the FERC concluded that, as to such master limited partnerships, there should be an adjustment to the long-term growth rate used to calculate the equity cost of capital. The FERC stated that the long-term growth projection for master limited partnerships will be equal to 50 percent of Gross Domestic Product, as compared to the unadjusted gross domestic product used for corporations. Therefore, to the extent that master limited partnerships are included in a proxy group, the FERC’s policy lowers the return on equity that might otherwise be allowed if there were no adjustment to the master limited partnership growth projection used for the discounted cash flow model. This could lower the return on equity that we would otherwise be able to obtain.
The FERC currently allows publicly traded partnerships to include in their cost-of-service an income tax allowance. Any changes to the FERC’s treatment of income tax allowances in cost-of-service and to potential adjustments in a future rate case of our pipelines’ respective equity rates of return that underlie their recourse rates may cause their recourse rates to be set at a level that is different, and in some instances lower, than the level otherwise in effect.
Certain of our systems’ transportation services are subject to long-term, fixed-price “negotiated rate” contracts that are not subject to adjustment, even if our cost to perform such services exceeds the revenues received from such contracts, and, as a result, our costs could exceed our revenues received under such contracts.
It is possible that costs to perform services under “negotiated rate” contracts will exceed the negotiated rates. If this occurs, it could decrease the cash flow realized by WIC, CIG and SNG and, therefore, the cash we have available for distribution to our unitholders. Under the FERC policy, a regulated service provider and a customer may mutually agree to sign a contract for service at a “negotiated rate” which may be above or below the FERC regulated “recourse rate” for that service, and that contract must be filed and accepted by the FERC. Certain of our contracted firm capacity rights are committed under such “negotiated rate” contracts. These “negotiated rate” contracts are not generally subject to adjustment for increased costs which could be produced by inflation, increases in cost of capital and taxes or other factors relating to the specific facilities being used to perform the services. Any shortfall of revenue, representing the difference between “recourse rates” (if higher) and negotiated rates, under current FERC policy is generally not recoverable from other shippers.
Increased competition from alternative natural gas transportation and storage options and alternative fuel sources could have a significant financial impact on us.
Our ability to renew or replace existing contracts at rates sufficient to maintain current revenues and cash flows could be adversely affected by activities of other interstate and intrastate pipelines and storage facilities that may expand or construct competing transportation and storage systems. In addition, future pipeline transportation and storage capacity could be constructed in excess of actual demand and with lower fuel requirements, operating and maintenance costs than our facilities, which could reduce the demand for and the rates that we receive for our services in particular areas. Further, natural gas also competes with other forms of energy available to our customers, including electricity, coal and fuel oils.
We also compete as it relates to rates, terms of service, access to natural gas supplies, flexibility and reliability. The FERC’s policies promoting competition may cause us to experience some “turnback” of firm capacity as existing agreements with customers expire. If WIC, CIG or SNG are unable to remarket this capacity or can remarket it only at substantially discounted rates compared to previous contracts, they may have to bear the costs associated with the turned back capacity. Increased competition could also reduce the volumes of natural gas transported or stored or, in cases where we do not have long-term fixed rate contracts, could force us to lower our rates. All of these competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and ability to make distributions.
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Competition from pipelines that may be able to provide our shippers with capacity at a lower price could cause us to reduce our rates or otherwise reduce our revenues.
We face competition from other pipelines that may be able to provide our shippers with capacity on a more competitive basis or access to consuming markets that would pay a higher price for the shippers’ gas.
In addition, WIC and CIG are competitors for lateral expansions to various U.S. Rocky Mountain supply basins. Both WIC and CIG have supply laterals in the Powder River Basin and the Uinta Basin. Since the WIC mainline system and the Wyoming portion of the CIG system parallel each other, a supply lateral can effectively interconnect with either system. WIC and CIG may compete for the same business opportunities. Given that CIG will operate WIC and El Paso will utilize the same personnel to operate both systems, El Paso may in some circumstances favor CIG or other of its affiliates over WIC when directing business opportunities at its sole discretion. Such determinations could benefit El Paso and disadvantage us since we only own 40 percent of CIG, while El Paso owns the remaining 60 percent, and we own 100 percent of WIC.
An increase in competition in our key markets could arise from new ventures or expanded operations from existing competitors. As a result, significant competition from the Rockies Express Pipeline, other third-party competitors and CIG could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions.
Any significant decrease in supplies of natural gas in our areas of operation could adversely affect our business and operating results and reduce our cash available for distribution to unitholders.
All of our businesses are dependent on the continued availability of natural gas production and reserves. Low prices for natural gas or regulatory limitations could adversely affect development of additional reserves and production that are accessible by our pipeline and storage assets. Production from existing wells and natural gas supply basins with access to our pipelines will naturally decline over time without development of additional reserves. Additionally, the amount of natural gas reserves underlying these wells may also be less than anticipated, and the rate at which production from these reserves declines may be greater than anticipated. Accordingly, to maintain or increase the volume of natural gas transported, or throughput, on our pipelines and cash flows associated with the transportation of gas, our customers must continually obtain new supplies of natural gas. For example, if expected increases of natural gas supplies in the U.S. Rocky Mountain region do not materialize or there is a decline in supply from such producing region to our interstate pipelines that is not replaced with new supplies, our operating results and our cash available for distribution could be adversely affected.
The revenues of our pipeline businesses are generated under contracts that must be renegotiated periodically.
Substantially all of our systems’ revenues are generated under contracts which expire periodically and must be renegotiated and extended or replaced. If we or El Paso are unable to extend or replace these contracts when they expire or renegotiate contract terms as favorable as the existing contracts, we could suffer a material reduction in our revenues, earnings and cash flows. In particular, our ability to extend and replace contracts on terms comparable to prior contracts or on any terms at all, could be adversely affected by factors, including:
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| • | competition by other pipelines, including the change in rates or upstream supply of existing pipeline competitors, as well as the proposed construction by other companies of additional pipeline capacity or LNG terminals in markets served by our interstate pipelines; |
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| • | changes in state regulation of local distribution companies, which may cause them to negotiate short-term contracts or turn back their capacity when their contracts expire; |
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| • | reduced demand and market conditions in the areas we serve; |
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| • | the availability of alternative energy sources or natural gas supply points; and |
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| • | regulatory actions. |
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Fluctuations in energy commodity prices could adversely affect our business.
Revenues generated by our transportation and storage contracts depend on volumes and rates, both of which can be affected by the price of natural gas. Increased natural gas prices could result in a reduction of the volumes transported by our customers, including power companies that may not dispatch natural gas-fired power plants if natural gas prices increase. Increased prices could also result in industrial plant shutdowns or load losses to competitive fuels as well as local distribution companies’ loss of customer base. On the other hand, decreased natural gas prices could result in reduced development of additional gas supplies and volume of natural gas available for transportation and storage through our system.
Pricing volatility may, in some cases for CIG or WIC, impact the value of under or over recoveries of retained natural gas, as well as imbalances, cashouts and system encroachments. We obtain in-kind fuel reimbursements from shippers in accordance with each individual tariff or applicable contract terms. We revalue our natural gas imbalances and other gas owed to shippers (such as excess fuel retention) to an index price and periodically settle these obligations in cash or in-kind pursuant to each individual tariff or balancing contract. Moreover, both the CIG and WIC tariffs provide for the collection of the price difference between fuel burned and fuel retained, as well as other gas imbalances. Both CIG and WIC are currently litigating protests of their respective recovery filings related to the other gas imbalances. The CIG tariff provides that all liquid revenue proceeds, including those proceeds associated with CIG’s processing plants, are used to reimburse shrinkage or other system fuel and lost-or-unaccounted-for costs and variations in liquid revenues and variations in shrinkage volumes are included in the reconciliation of retained fuel and burned fuel. CIG must purchase gas volumes from time to time due, in part, to such shrinkage associated with liquid production and such expenses vary with both price and quantity.
On the SNG system, we retain a fixed percentage of the natural gas received for transportation and storage as provided in SNG’s tariff. This retained natural gas is used as fuel and to replace lost and unaccounted for natural gas. As calculated in a manner set forth in SNG’s tariff, any revenues generated from any excess natural gas retained and not burned are shared with SNG’s customers on an annual basis. Any under recoveries are the responsibility of SNG.
If natural gas prices in the supply basins connected to our pipeline system are higher than prices in other natural gas producing regions, our ability to compete with other transporters may be negatively impacted on a short-term basis, as well as with respect to our long-term recontracting activities. Furthermore, fluctuations in pricing between supply sources and market areas could negatively impact our transportation revenues. As a result, significant prolonged changes in natural gas prices could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions.
Fluctuations in energy prices are caused by a number of factors, including:
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| • | regional, domestic and international supply and demand; |
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| • | availability and adequacy of transportation facilities; |
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| • | energy legislation; |
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| • | federal and state taxes, if any, on the transportation and storage of natural gas; |
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| • | abundance of supplies of alternative energy sources; and |
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| • | political unrest among countries producing oil and LNG. |
Our systems depend on certain key customers and producers for a significant portion of their revenues. The loss of any of these key customers could result in a decline in our systems’ revenues and cash available to pay distributions.
Our systems rely on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our systems’ revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the four largest natural gas transportation customers for each of WIC, CIG and SNG accounted for approximately 58 percent, 51 percent and 44 percent of their respective operating revenues. The loss of all or even a portion of the contracted volumes of these customers, as a result of
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competition, creditworthiness, inability to negotiate extensions, or replacements of contracts or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions.
Adverse changes in general domestic economic conditions could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, or our ability to make cash distributions.
We are subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in general domestic economic conditions including a recession or economic slowdown. Recently, the direction and relative strength of the U.S. economy has been increasingly uncertain and financial markets have experienced significant instability. If we experience prolonged periods of slowed economic growth, demand growth from consumers for natural gas transported by us may decrease which could impact our planned growth capital as well as our ability to renew or replace expiring contracts. Additionally, our access to capital could continue to be impeded and could negatively impact our cost of capital. Finally, we are subject to the risks arising from changes in legislation and government regulation associated with any such recession or economic slowdown, including changes in taxes. Any of these events could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, and ability to make cash distributions.
We are exposed to the credit risk of our customers and our credit risk management may not be adequate to protect against such risk.
We are subject to the risk of delays in payment as well as losses resulting from nonpaymentand/or nonperformance by our customers, including default risk associated with adverse economic conditions. Our credit procedures and policies may not be adequate to fully eliminate customer credit risk. If we fail to adequately assess the creditworthiness of existing or future customers, an unanticipated deterioration in their creditworthiness and any resulting increase in nonpaymentand/or nonperformance by them or inability to re-market the capacity could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions to you. We may not be able to effectively re-market capacity during and after insolvency proceedings involving a shipper.
Neither CIG nor SNG is prohibited from incurring indebtedness, which may affect our ability to make distributions.
Neither CIG nor SNG is prohibited by the terms of their respective general partnership agreements from incurring indebtedness. As of September 30, 2008, CIG and SNG had approximately $0.5 billion and approximately $0.9 billion principal amount of indebtedness outstanding, respectively. If CIG or SNG were to incur significant amounts of additional indebtedness, it may inhibit their ability to make distributions to us which would materially and adversely affect our ability to make our minimum quarterly distributions because we expect CIG’s and SNG’s distributions to us will be a significant portion of the cash we distribute.
Restrictions in our credit facility and note purchase agreement could limit our ability to make distributions to our unitholders. The conditions of the U.S. and international capital markets may adversely affect our ability to draw on our current credit facility.
Our payment of principal and interest on any future indebtedness will reduce our cash available for distribution on our units. Further, our credit facility limits our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders during an event of default or if an event of default would result from the distribution.
In November 2007, El Paso Pipeline Partners Operating Company, LLC (the “Operating Company”), and WIC entered into a five-year revolving $750 million credit facility to enable us to manage our cash flow obligations. We guaranteed all of the borrowers’ obligations, and the Operating Company guaranteed WIC’s obligations, under this credit facility. The borrowers have the right, subject to certain conditions, to increase the borrowing capacity under the credit facility to $1.25 billion. On September 14, 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., whose subsidiaries have a $47.5 million credit commitment under the credit facility, filed for
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bankruptcy. We have determined the potential exposure to a loss of available capacity under the credit facility to be approximately $15 million.
If other financial institutions that have extended credit commitments to us and our subsidiaries are adversely affected by the conditions of the U.S. and international capital markets, they may become unable to fund borrowings under their credit commitments, which could have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and our ability to borrow additional funds, if needed.
The credit facility and the note purchase agreement related to our operating company’s issuance of $175 million of senior unsecured notes guaranteed by us contain covenants limiting our ability to make distributions to our unitholders and equity repurchases and limiting the indebtedness that we and our subsidiaries may incur. Our ability to comply with any restrictions and covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. If we are unable to comply with these restrictions and covenants, a significant portion of indebtedness under our credit facility or the note purchase agreement may become immediately due and payable, and our lenders’ commitment to make further loans to us under our credit facility may terminate. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments.
In addition, any future levels of indebtedness may:
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| • | adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing for future operations or capital needs; |
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| • | limit our ability to pursue acquisitions and other business opportunities; or |
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| • | make our results of operations more susceptible to adverse economic or operating conditions. |
Various limitations in any future financing agreements may reduce our ability to incur additional indebtedness, to engage in some transactions or to capitalize on business opportunities.
We may not be able to obtain funding, or obtain funding on acceptable terms, to meet our future capital needs because of the deterioration of the credit and capital markets.
Global market and economic conditions have been, and continue to be volatile. The debt and equity capital markets have been impacted by, among other things, significant write-offs in the financial services sector relating to subprime mortgages and the re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated market. The U.S. and foreign governments have recently enacted emergency financial packages that are designed to restore confidence and liquidity in the global financial credit markets. However, it is uncertain whether such measures will be successful and, if successful, when the positive effects will be achieved in the financial markets.
As a result, the cost of raising money in the debt and equity capital markets could be higher and the availability of funds from those markets could be diminished if we seek access to those markets. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that additional funding will be available if needed and to the extent required, on acceptable terms. If additional funding is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to implement our business plan, enhance our existing business, complete acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations.
Increases in interest rates and general volatility in the financial markets and economy could adversely impact our unit price and our ability to issue additional equity or incur debt to make acquisitions or for other purposes.
We cannot predict how interest rates will react to changing market conditions. Interest rates on our credit facilities and future debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly. As with other yield-oriented securities, our unit price is impacted by the level of our cash distributions and implied distribution yield. The distribution yield is often used by investors to compare and rank related yield-oriented securities for investment decision-making purposes. Therefore, changes in interest rates may affect the yield requirements of investors who invest in our units, and a rising interest rate environment could have an adverse impact on our unit price and our ability to issue additional equity or incur
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debt to make acquisitions or for other purposes. In addition, the general volatility in the financial markets and economy may also alter the yield requirements of investors and could adversely impact our unit price.
The credit and risk profile of our general partner and its owner, El Paso, could adversely affect our credit ratings and risk profile, which could increase our borrowing costs or hinder our ability to raise capital.
Any adverse change in the financial condition of El Paso, including the degree of its financial leverage and its dependence on cash flow from the partnership to service its indebtedness, may adversely affect our credit ratings and risk profile.
If we were to seek credit ratings in the future, our credit ratings may be adversely affected by the leverage of our general partner or El Paso, as credit rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Moody’s Investors Service may consider the leverage and credit profile of El Paso and its affiliates because of their ownership interest in and control of us and the strong operational links between El Paso and us. The ratings assigned to El Paso’s senior unsecured indebtedness are below investment grade. The ratings assigned to both CIG’s and SNG’s senior unsecured indebtedness are currently investment grade rated Baa3 by Moody’s Investor Services, BB by Standard and Poor’s and investment grade rated BBB- by Fitch Ratings. Downgrades of the credit ratings of El Paso, CIG or SNG could increase our cost of capital and collateral requirements, and could impede our access to capital markets. Further, any adverse effect on our credit ratings would increase our cost of borrowing or hinder our ability to raise financing in the capital markets, which would impair our ability to grow our business and make distributions.
If our systems do not successfully complete expansion projects or make and integrate acquisitions that are accretive, our future growth may be limited.
A principal focus of our strategy is to continue to grow the cash distributions on our units by expanding our business. Our ability to grow depends on our ability to complete expansion projects and make acquisitions that result in an increase in cash per unit generated from operations. We may be unable to successfully complete accretive expansion projects or acquisitions, which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and ability to make distributions, for any of the following reasons:
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| • | unable to identify attractive expansion projects or acquisition candidates or we are outbid by competitors; |
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| • | El Paso elects not to sell or contribute additional interests in its pipeline systems that it owns to us or to offer attractive expansion projects or acquisition candidates to us; |
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| • | unable to obtain necessary rights of way or government approvals; |
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| • | unable to realize anticipated costs savings and successful integration of the businesses we build or acquire; |
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| • | unable to raise financing for expansion projects or acquisitions on economically acceptable terms, especially in periods of prolonged economic decline or unstable financial markets; |
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| • | mistaken assumptions about volumes, revenues and costs, including synergies and potential growth; |
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| • | unable to secure adequate transportation, storage or throughput commitments to support the expansion or acquisition of new facilities; |
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| • | the assumption of unknown liabilities when making acquisitions for which we are not indemnified or for which our indemnity is inadequate; |
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| • | the diversion of management’s and employees’ attention to other business concerns; |
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| • | unforeseen difficulties operating in new product areas or new geographic areas including opposition to energy infrastructure development, especially in environmentally sensitive areas; |
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| • | there is a lack of available of skilled labor, equipment, and materials to complete expansion projects; |
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| • | potential changes in federal, state and local statutes and regulations, including environmental requirements, that prevent a project from proceeding or increase the anticipated cost of the project; |
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| • | our ability to construct expansion projects within anticipated costs, including the risk that we may incur cost overruns resulting from inflation or increased costs of equipment, materials, labor, a lack of contractor productivity or other factors beyond our control, that may be material; and |
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| • | the lack of future growth in natural gas supply or demand. |
Any of these risks could prevent a project from proceeding, delay its completion or increase its anticipated costs. As a result, new facilities may not achieve our expected investment return, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, and thus our ability to make distributions.
The amount of cash we have available for distribution depends primarily on our cash flow and not solely on profitability, which may prevent us from making cash distributions during periods when we record net income.
The amount of cash we have available for distribution depends primarily upon our cash flow, including cash flow from financial reserves and working capital or other borrowings, and not solely on profitability, which will be affected by non-cash items. As a result, we may make cash distributions during periods when we record net losses for financial accounting purposes and may not make cash distributions during periods when we record net earnings for financial accounting purposes.
We may incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of pipeline integrity management program testing and any necessary pipeline repairs, or preventive or remedial measures.
The United States Department of Transportation (“DOT”) has adopted regulations requiring pipeline operators to develop integrity management programs for transportation pipelines located where a leak or rupture could do the most harm in “high consequence areas.” The regulations require operators to perform ongoing assessments of pipeline integrity, identify and characterize applicable threats to pipeline segments that could impact a high consequence area, improve data collection, integration and analysis, repair and remediate the pipeline as necessary and implement preventive and mitigating actions. Our costs may be significantly higher than estimated and our cash available for distribution may be correspondingly reduced due to the following factors:
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| • | our estimate does not include the costs of repairs, remediation or preventive or mitigating actions that may be determined to be necessary as a result of the testing program, which could be substantial; |
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| • | additional regulatory requirements that are enacted could significantly increase the amount of our expenditures; |
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| • | our actual implementation costs may be materially higher than we estimate because of increased industry-wide demand for contractors and service providers and the related increase in costs; or |
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| • | failure to comply with DOT regulations, which could subject us to penalties and fines. |
We do not own all of the land on which our pipelines and facilities are located, which could disrupt our operations.
We do not own all of the land on which our pipelines and facilities have been constructed, and we are therefore subject to the possibility of more onerous termsand/or increased costs to retain necessary land use if we do not have valid rights-of-way, if such rights-of-way lapse or terminate or if our facilities are not properly located within the boundaries of such rights-of-way. Although many of these rights are perpetual in nature, we occasionally obtain the rights to construct and operate our pipelines on land owned by third parties and governmental agencies for a specific period of time. Our loss of these rights, through our inability to renew right-of-way contracts or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make cash distributions.
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Our operations are subject to operational hazards and uninsured risks.
Our operations are subject to the inherent risks normally associated with those operations, including pipeline ruptures, explosions, pollution, release of toxic substances, fires, adverse weather conditions (such as hurricanes and flooding), terrorist activity or acts of aggression, and other hazards. Each of these risks could result in damage to or destruction of our facilities or damages or injuries to persons and property causing us to suffer substantial losses. Analyses performed by various governmental and private organizations indicate potential physical risks associated with climate change events (such as hurricanes, flooding, etc). Some of the studies indicate that potential impacts on energy infrastructure are highly uncertain and not well understood, including both the timing and potential magnitude of such impacts. As the science is better understood and analyzed, we will review the operational and uninsured risks to our facilities attributed to climate change. While we maintain insurance against many of these risks to the extent and in amounts that we believe are reasonable, our insurance coverages have material deductibles and self-insurance levels, as well as limits on our maximum recovery, and do not cover all risks. As a result, our financial condition and ability to make cash distributions could be adversely affected if a significant event occurs that is not fully covered by insurance.
Environmental compliance and remediation costs and the costs of environmental liabilities could exceed our estimates.
Our natural gas transportation, storage and processing activities are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. We may incur substantial costs in order to conduct our operations in compliance with these laws and regulations. For instance, we may be required to obtain and maintain permits and approvals issued by various federal, state and local governmental authorities; limit or prevent releases of materials from our operations in accordance with these permits and approvals; and install pollution control equipment. Also, under certain environmental laws and regulations, we may be exposed to potentially substantial liabilities for any pollution or contamination that may result from our operations. Moreover, new, stricter environmental laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be implemented that significantly increase our compliance costs or the cost of any remediation of environmental contamination that may become necessary, and these costs could be material.
Changing environmental laws and regulations may increase our future compliance costs, such as the costs of potential mandatory greenhouse gas reporting and emissions reductions. Future environmental compliance costs relating to greenhouse gases (“GHGs”) associated with our operations are not yet clear. Legislative and regulatory measures to address GHG emissions are in various phases of discussions or implementation at the international, national, and state levels. Various federal and state legislative proposals have been made over the last several years and it is possible that legislation will be enacted in the future that could negatively impact our operations and financial results. The level of such impact will likely depend upon whether any of our facilities will be directly responsible for compliance with the program; whether cost containment measures will be available; the ability to recover compliance costs from our customers; and the manner in which allowances are provided. At the federal regulatory level, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has requested public comments on the potential regulation of GHGs under the Clean Air Act. Some of the regulatory alternatives identified by the EPA in its request for comments, if eventually promulgated as final rules, would likely impact our operations and financial results. It is uncertain whether the EPA will proceed with adopting final rules or whether the regulation of GHGs will be addressed in federal and state legislation.
Finally, lawsuits have been filed seeking to force the federal government to regulate GHG emissions and individual companies to reduce the GHG emissions from their operations. These and other suits may also result in decisions by federal and state courts and agencies that impact our operations and ability to obtain certifications and permits to construct future projects.
Although it is uncertain what impact these legislative, regulatory, and judicial actions might have on us until further definition is provided in those forums, there is a risk that such future measures could result in changes to our operations and to the consumption and demand for natural gas and oil. Changes to our operations could include increased costs to (i) operate and maintain our facilities, (ii) install new emission
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controls on our facilities, (iii) construct new facilities, (iv) acquire allowances to authorize our GHG emissions, (v) pay any taxes related to our GHG emissions and (vi) administer and manage a GHG emissions program. While we may be able to include some or all of the costs associated with our environmental liabilities and environmental and GHG compliance in the rates charged by our pipelines, our ability to recover such costs is uncertain and may depend on events beyond our control including the outcome of future rate proceedings before the FERC and the provisions of any final legislation.
Risks Inherent in Our Structure and Relationship with El Paso
El Paso controls our general partner, which has sole responsibility for conducting our business and managing our operations. Our general partner and its affiliates, including El Paso, have conflicts of interest with us and limited fiduciary duties, and they may favor their own interests to the detriment of our unitholders.
El Paso owns and controls our general partner, and appoints all of the directors of our general partner. Some of our general partner’s directors, and some of its executive officers, are directors or officers of El Paso or its affiliates. Although our general partner has a fiduciary duty to manage us in a manner beneficial to us and our unitholders, the directors and officers of our general partner have a fiduciary duty to manage our general partner in a manner beneficial to El Paso. Therefore, conflicts of interest may arise between El Paso and its affiliates, including our general partner, on the one hand, and us and our unitholders, on the other hand. In resolving these conflicts of interest, our general partner may favor its own interests and the interests of its affiliates over the interests of our unitholders.
Affiliates of our general partner, including El Paso and its other subsidiaries, are not limited in their ability to compete with us and are not obligated to offer us the opportunity to pursue additional assets or businesses, which could limit our commercial activities or our ability to acquire additional assets or businesses.
Neither our partnership agreement nor the omnibus agreement among us, El Paso and others will prohibit affiliates of our general partner, including El Paso, El Paso Natural Gas Company (“EPNG”), Cheyenne Plains Gas Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (“Cheyenne Plains”) and Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company (“TGP”), from owning assets or engaging in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. In addition, El Paso and its affiliates may acquire, construct or dispose of additional transportation or other assets in the future, without any obligation to offer us the opportunity to purchase or construct any of those assets. Each of these entities is a large, established participant in the interstate pipelineand/or storage business, and each may have greater resources than we have, which factors may make it more difficult for us to compete with these entities with respect to commercial activities as well as for acquisition candidates. As a result, competition from these entities could adversely impact our results of operations and cash available for distribution.
Holders of our common units have limited voting rights and are not entitled to elect our general partner or its directors, which could reduce the price at which the common units will trade.
Unlike the holders of common stock in a corporation, unitholders have only limited voting rights on matters affecting our business and, therefore, limited ability to influence management’s decisions regarding our business. Unitholders do not elect our general partner or its board of directors, and will have no right to elect our general partner or its board of directors on an annual or other continuing basis. The board of directors of our general partner, including the independent directors, are chosen entirely by its owners and not by the unitholders. Unlike publicly traded corporations, we do not conduct annual meetings of our unitholders to elect directors or conduct other matters routinely conducted at such annual meetings of stockholders. Furthermore, if the unitholders were dissatisfied with the performance of our general partner, they will have little ability to remove our general partner. As a result of these limitations, the price at which the common units will trade could be diminished because of the absence or reduction of a takeover premium in the trading price.
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Cost reimbursements to our general partner and its affiliates for services provided, which will be determined by our general partner, will be substantial and will reduce our cash available for distribution.
Pursuant to an omnibus agreement we entered into with El Paso, our general partner and certain of their affiliates, El Paso and its affiliates will receive reimbursement for the payment of operating and capital expenses related to our operations and for the provision of various general and administrative services for our benefit, including costs for rendering administrative staff and support services to us, and overhead allocated to us, which amounts will be determined by the general partner in good faith. Payments for these services will be substantial and will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to unitholders. In addition, WIC reimburses CIG for the costs incurred to operate and maintain the WIC system pursuant to an operating agreement. CIG also reimburses certain of its affiliates for costs incurred and services it receives (primarily from EPNG and TGP) and receives reimbursements for costs incurred and services it provides to other affiliates (primarily Cheyenne Plains and Young Gas Storage Company Ltd.). Similarly, the El Paso subsidiary that is the operator and general partner of CIG or SNG will be entitled to be reimbursed for the costs incurred to operate and maintain such system. In addition, under Delaware partnership law, our general partner has unlimited liability for our obligations, such as our debts and environmental liabilities, except for our contractual obligations that are expressly made without recourse to our general partner. To the extent our general partner incurs obligations on our behalf, we are obligated to reimburse or indemnify it. If we are unable or unwilling to reimburse or indemnify our general partner, our general partner may take actions to cause us to make payments of these obligations and liabilities. Any such payments could reduce the amount of cash otherwise available for distribution to our unitholders.
Our partnership agreement limits our general partner’s fiduciary duties to holders of our common units and subordinated units and restricts the remedies available to holders of our common units and subordinated units for actions taken by our general partner that might otherwise constitute breaches of fiduciary duty.
Our partnership agreement contains provisions that reduce the fiduciary standards to which our general partner would otherwise be held by state fiduciary duty laws. The limitation and definition of these duties is permitted by the Delaware law governing limited partnerships. In addition, the general partnership agreements of CIG and SNG contain similar provisions that define the fiduciary standards of each partner (we own a 40 percent interest in CIG and a 25 percent interest in SNG while a subsidiary of El Paso owns the remaining interests in each) to the other. In addition, the general partnership agreements include provisions that define the fiduciary standards that the members of the management committee of each such partnership appointed by a partner owe to the partners that did not designate such person. In both instances, the defined fiduciary standards are more limited than those that would apply under Delaware law in the absence of such definition.
Limited unitholders cannot remove our general partner without its consent.
The vote of the holders of at least 662/3 percent of all outstanding common and subordinated units voting together as a single class is required to remove our general partner. As of December 31, 2008 our general partner and its affiliates own 73.7 percent of our aggregate outstanding common and subordinated units. Accordingly, our unitholders are currently unable to remove our general partner without its consent because affiliates of our general partner own sufficient units to be able to prevent the general partner’s removal. Also, if our general partner is removed without cause during the subordination period and units held by our general partner and its affiliates are not voted in favor of that removal, all remaining subordinated units will automatically be converted into common units and any existing arrearages on the common units will be extinguished. In addition, under certain circumstances the successor general partner may be required to purchase the combined general partner interest and incentive distribution rights of the removed general partner, or alternatively, such interests will be converted into common units. A removal of our general partner under these circumstances would adversely affect the common units by prematurely eliminating their distribution and liquidation preference over the subordinated units, which would otherwise have continued until we had met certain distribution and performance tests.
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Our general partner may elect to cause us to issue Class B common units to it in connection with a resetting of the target distribution levels related to our general partner’s incentive distribution rights without the approval of the conflicts committee of our general partner or holders of our common units and subordinated units. This may result in lower distributions to holders of our common units in certain situations.
Our general partner has the right, at a time when there are no subordinated units outstanding and it has received incentive distributions at the highest level to which it is entitled (48 percent) for each of the prior four consecutive fiscal quarters, to reset the initial cash target distribution levels at higher levels based on the distribution at the time of the exercise of the reset election. Following a reset election by our general partner, the minimum quarterly distribution amount will be reset to an amount equal to the average cash distribution amount per common unit for the two fiscal quarters immediately preceding the reset election (such amount is referred to as the “reset minimum quarterly distribution”) and the target distribution levels will be reset to correspondingly higher levels based on percentage increases above the reset minimum quarterly distribution amount.
In connection with resetting these target distribution levels, our general partner will be entitled to receive a number of Class B common units. The Class B common units will be entitled to the same cash distributions per unit as our common units and will be convertible into an equal number of common units. The number of Class B common units to be issued will be equal to that number of common units whose aggregate quarterly cash distributions equaled the average of the distributions to our general partner on the incentive distribution rights in the prior two quarters. We anticipate that our general partner would exercise this reset right in order to facilitate acquisitions or internal growth projects that would not be sufficiently accretive to cash distributions per common unit without such conversion; however, it is possible that our general partner could exercise this reset election at a time when it is experiencing, or may be expected to experience, declines in the cash distributions it receives related to its incentive distribution rights and may therefore desire to be issued our Class B common units, which are entitled to receive cash distributions from us on the same priority as our common units, rather than retain the right to receive incentive distributions based on the initial target distribution levels. As a result, a reset election may cause our common unitholders to experience dilution in the amount of cash distributions that they would have otherwise received had we not issued new Class B common units to our general partner in connection with resetting the target distribution levels related to our general partner incentive distribution rights.
The control of our general partner may be transferred to a third party without unitholder consent.
Our general partner may transfer its general partner interest to a third party in a merger or in a sale of all or substantially all of its assets without the consent of the unitholders. Furthermore, our partnership agreement does not restrict the ability of the members of our general partner from transferring their member interest in our general partner to a third party. The new owners of our general partner would then be in a position to replace the board of directors and officers of the general partner with their own choices and to control the decisions taken by the board of directors and officers of the general partner. This effectively permits a “change of control” of the partnership without unitholders’ vote or consent. In addition, pursuant to the omnibus agreement with El Paso, any new owner of the general partner would be required to change our name so that there would be no further reference to El Paso.
If we are deemed an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, it would adversely affect the price of our common units and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our assets consist of a 100 percent ownership interest in WIC, a 40 percent general partner interest in CIG and a 25 percent general partner interest in SNG. If a sufficient amount of our assets, such as our ownership interests in CIG or SNG or other assets acquired in the future, are deemed to be “investment securities” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, we would either have to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, obtain exemptive relief from the Commission or modify our organizational structure or our contract rights to fall outside the definition of an investment company. Although general partner interests are typically not considered securities or “investment securities,”
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there is a risk that our ownership interests in CIG and SNG could be deemed investment securities. In that event, it is possible that our ownership of these interests, combined with our assets acquired in the future, could result in our being required to register under the Investment Company Act if we were not successful in obtaining exemptive relief or otherwise modifying our organizational structure or applicable contract rights. Registering as an investment company could, among other things, materially limit our ability to engage in transactions with affiliates, including the purchase and sale of certain securities or other property to or from our affiliates, restrict our ability to borrow funds or engage in other transactions involving leverage and require us to add additional directors who are independent of us or our affiliates. The occurrence of some or all of these events would adversely affect the price of our common units and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Moreover, treatment of us as an investment company would prevent our qualification as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which case we would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As a result, we would pay federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate tax rate, distributions would generally be taxed again as corporate distributions and none of our income, gains, losses or deductions would flow through. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporation, our cash available for distribution would be substantially reduced. Therefore, treatment of us as an investment company would result in a material reduction in the anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to the unitholders, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our common units.
We may issue additional units without approval which would dilute existing ownership interests.
Our partnership agreement does not limit the number of additional limited partner interests of equal or senior rank with the common units that we may issue at any time without the approval of our unitholders. The issuance by us of additional common units or other equity securities of equal or senior rank will have the following effects:
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| • | each unitholder’s proportionate ownership interest in us will decrease; |
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| • | the amount of cash available for distribution on each unit may decrease; |
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| • | because a lower percentage of total outstanding units will be subordinated units, the risk that a shortfall in the payment of the minimum quarterly distribution will be borne by our common unitholders will increase; |
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| • | the ratio of taxable income to distributions may increase; |
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| • | new classes of securities could be issued that provide preferences to the new class in relation to existing unitholders, including preferences with respect to distributions of available cash, distributions upon our liquidation and voting rights; |
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| • | the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding unit may be diminished; and |
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| • | the market price of the common units may decline. |
Our general partner has a limited call right that may require unitholders to sell common units at an undesirable time or price.
If at any time our general partner and its affiliates own more than 75 percent of the common units excluding, until September 30, 2010, common units received by El Paso’s affiliates in connection with El Paso’s contribution to us of additional general partner interests in each of CIG and SNG in September of 2008, our general partner will have the right, but not the obligation, which it may assign to any of its affiliates or to us, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the common units held by unaffiliated persons at a price not less than their then-current market price. As a result, unitholders would be required to sell common units at an undesirable time or price and may not receive any return on investment. Unitholders might also incur a tax liability upon a sale of such units. Our general partner is not obligated to obtain a fairness opinion regarding the value of the common units to be repurchased by it upon exercise of the limited call right. There is no restriction in our partnership agreement that prevents our general partner from issuing additional common units
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and exercising its call right. If our general partner exercised its limited call right, the effect would be to take us private and, if the units were subsequently deregistered, we would no longer be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). As of December 31, 2008, our general partner and its affiliates own approximately 65.1 percent of our outstanding common units. At the end of the subordination period, assuming no additional issuances of common units (other than for the conversion of the subordinated units into common units), our general partner and its affiliates will own approximately 73.7 percent of our aggregate outstanding common units.
Our partnership agreement restricts the voting rights of unitholders owning 20 percent or more of our common units.
Our partnership agreement restricts unitholders’ voting rights by providing that any units held by a person that owns 20 percent or more of any class of units then outstanding, other than our general partner and its affiliates, their transferees and persons who acquired such units with the prior approval of the board of directors of our general partner, cannot vote on any matter. The partnership agreement also contains provisions limiting the ability of unitholders to call meetings or to acquire information about our operations, as well as other provisions limiting the unitholders’ ability to influence the manner or direction of management.
Unitholder liability may not be limited if a court finds that unitholder action constitutes control of our business.
A general partner of a partnership generally has unlimited liability for the obligations of the partnership, except for those contractual obligations of the partnership that are expressly made without recourse to the general partner. Our partnership is organized under Delaware law and we conduct business in a number of other states. The limitations on the liability of holders of limited partner interests for the obligations of a limited partnership have not been clearly established in some of the other states in which we do business. Unitholders could be liable for any and all of our obligations as if they were a general partner if a court or government agency determined that:
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| • | we were conducting business in a state but had not complied with that particular state’s partnership statute; or |
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| • | unitholders’ right to act with other unitholders to remove or replace the general partner, to approve some amendments to our partnership agreement or to take other actions under our partnership agreement constitute “control” of our business. |
The market price of our common units could be adversely affected by sales by affiliates of our general partner.
As of December 31, 2008, we had 84,970,498 common units and 27,727,411 subordinated units outstanding, which includes 55,326,397 common units held by affiliates of our general partner. All of the subordinated units will convert into common units at the end of the subordination period, which could occur as early as the first business day after December 31, 2010, assuming certain tests are met, and all of the subordinated units may convert into common units before December 31, 2010 if additional tests are satisfied. Sales by any of our existing unitholders, including affiliates of our general partner, of a substantial number of our common units in the public markets, or the perception that such sales might occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common units or could impair our ability to obtain capital through an offering of equity securities. Under our partnership agreement, our general partner and its affiliates have registration rights relating to the offer and sale of any units that they hold, subject to certain limitations.
Tax Risks to Common Unitholders
In addition to reading the following risk factors, you should read “Material Tax Considerations” for a more complete discussion of the expected material federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of common units.
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Our tax treatment depends on our status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, as well as our not being subject to a material amount of additional entity-level taxation by states. If the Internal Revenue Service were to treat us as a corporation or if we become subject to a material amount of additional entity-level taxation for state tax purposes, then it would substantially reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
The anticipated after-tax economic benefit of an investment in the common units depends largely on our being treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. We have not requested, and do not plan to request, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which we refer to as the IRS, on this or any other tax matter affecting us.
If we were treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, we would pay federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate tax rate, which is currently a maximum of 35 percent, and would likely pay state income tax at varying rates. Distributions would generally be taxed again as corporate distributions, and no income, gains, losses, deductions or credits would flow through. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporation, our cash available to pay distributions would be substantially reduced. Thus, treatment of us as a corporation would result in a material reduction in the anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to the unitholders, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our common units.
Current law may change, causing us to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes or otherwise subjecting us to entity-level taxation. For example, because of widespread state budget deficits, several states are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity-level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise or other forms of taxation. If any state was to impose a tax upon us as an entity, the cash available to pay distributions would be reduced. We will, for example, be subject to a new entity-level tax on the portion of our income that is generated in Texas. The imposition of such a tax on us by Texas, or any other state, will reduce the cash available for distribution.
Our partnership agreement provides that if a law is enacted or existing law is modified or interpreted in a manner that subjects us to taxation as a corporation or otherwise subjects us to entity-level taxation for federal, state or local income tax purposes, then the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution amounts will be adjusted to reflect the impact of that law on us.
The tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships or an investment in our common units could be subject to potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships, including us, or an investment in our common units may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial interpretation at any time. For example, in response to certain recent developments, members of Congress are considering substantive changes to the definition of qualifying income under Section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code. It is possible that these efforts could result in changes to the existing U.S. tax laws that affect publicly traded partnerships, including us. Any modification to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations thereof may or may not be applied retroactively. We are unable to predict whether any of these changes, or other proposals, will ultimately be enacted. Any such changes could negatively impact the value of an investment in our common units.
We prorate our items of income, gain, loss and deduction between transferors and transferees of our units each month based upon the ownership of our units on the first day of each month, instead of on the basis of the date a particular unit is transferred. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction among our unitholders.
We prorate our items of income, gain, loss and deduction between transferors and transferees of our units each month based upon the ownership of our units on the first day of each month, instead of on the basis of the date a particular unit is transferred. The use of this proration method may not be permitted under existing Treasury Regulations, and, accordingly, our counsel is unable to opine as to the validity of this method. If the
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IRS were to challenge this method or new Treasury Regulations were issued, we may be required to change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction among our unitholders.
An IRS contest of the federal income tax positions we take may adversely affect the market for our common units, and the cost of any IRS contest will reduce our cash available for distribution to our unitholders.
We have not requested any ruling from the IRS with respect to our treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes or any other matter affecting us. The IRS may adopt positions that differ from our counsel’s conclusions expressed in this prospectus or from the positions we take. It may be necessary to resort to administrative or court proceedings to sustain some or all of our counsel’s conclusions or the positions we take. A court may not agree with some or all of our counsel’s conclusions or the positions we take. Any contest with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for our common units and the price at which they trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS will result in a reduction in cash available to pay distributions to our unitholders and our general partner and thus will be borne indirectly by our unitholders and our general partner.
Unitholders are required to pay taxes on their share of our income even if they do not receive any cash distributions from us.
Because our unitholders are treated as partners to whom we allocate taxable income which could be different in amount than cash we distribute, they are required to pay federal income taxes and, in some cases, state and local income taxes on their share of our taxable income, whether or not cash is distributed from us. Cash distributions may not equal a unitholder’s share of our taxable income or even equal the actual tax liability that results from the unitholder’s share of our taxable income.
The tax gain or loss on the disposition of our common units could be different than expected.
If our unitholders sell units, they will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and their tax basis in those common units. Prior distributions to them in excess of the total net taxable income they were allocated for a common unit, which decreased their tax basis in that common unit, will, in effect, become taxable income to them if the common unit is sold at a price greater than their tax basis in that common unit, even if the price they receive is less than their original cost. A substantial portion of the amount realized, regardless of whether such amount represents gain, may be taxed as ordinary income to our unitholders due to potential recapture items, including depreciation recapture. In addition, if they sell their units, they may incur a tax liability in excess of the amount of cash they receive from the sale.
Tax-exempt entities and foreign persons face unique tax issues from owning common units that may result in adverse tax consequences to them.
Investment in common units by tax-exempt entities, such as individual retirement accounts (known as IRAs) andnon-United States persons raises issues unique to them. For example, virtually all of our income allocated to organizations that are exempt from federal income tax, including IRAs and other retirement plans, is unrelated business taxable income and is taxable to them. Distributions tonon-United States persons are reduced by withholding taxes at the highest applicable effective tax rate, andnon-United States persons are required to file United States federal income tax returns and pay tax on their share of our taxable income. Tax-exempt entities or foreign persons should consult their tax advisor regarding their investment in our common units.
We treat each purchaser of units as having the same tax benefits without regard to the actual common units purchased. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could adversely affect the value of the common units.
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of common units, we have adopted depreciation and amortization positions that may not conform with all aspects of existing Treasury Regulations. Our counsel is
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unable to opine as to the validity of such filing positions. A successful IRS challenge to those positions could adversely affect the amount of tax benefits available to our unitholders. It also could affect the timing of these tax benefits or the amount of gain from their sale of our common units and could have a negative impact on the value of our common units or result in audit adjustments to their tax returns.
We may adopt certain valuation methodologies that may result in a shift of income, gain, loss and deduction between the general partner and the unitholders. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could adversely affect the value of the common units.
When we issue additional units or engage in certain other transactions, we will determine the fair market value of our assets and allocate any unrealized gain or loss attributable to our assets to the capital accounts of our unitholders and our general partner in accordance with our partnership agreement. Our methodology may be viewed as understating the value of our assets. In that case, there may be a shift of income, gain, loss and deduction between certain unitholders and the general partner, which may be unfavorable to such unitholders. Moreover, under our methodologies subsequent purchasers of common units may have a greater portion of their Internal Revenue Code Section 743(b) adjustment allocated to our tangible assets and a lesser portion allocated to our intangible assets. The IRS may challenge our methods, or our allocation of the Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to our tangible and intangible assets, and allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction between the general partner and certain of our unitholders.
A successful IRS challenge to these methods or allocations could adversely affect the amount of taxable income or loss being allocated to our unitholders. It also could affect the amount of gain from our unitholders’ sale of common units and could have a negative impact on the value of the common units or result in audit adjustments to our unitholders’ tax returns without the benefit of additional deductions.
The sale or exchange of 50 percent or more of our capital and profits interests during any12-month period will result in the termination of our partnership for federal income tax purposes.
We will be considered to have terminated our partnership for federal income tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50 percent or more of the total interests in our capital and profits within a twelve-month period. Our termination would, among other things, result in the closing of our taxable year for all unitholders and could result in a deferral of depreciation deductions allowable in computing our taxable income.
Unitholders may be subject to state and local taxes and return filing requirements in states where they do not live as a result of their investment in our common units.
In addition to federal income taxes, unitholders may be subject to other taxes, including foreign, state and local taxes, unincorporated business taxes and estate, inheritance, or intangible taxes that are imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we do business or own property, even if they do not live in any of those jurisdictions. Unitholders may be required to file state and local income tax returns and pay state and local income taxes in some or all of these various jurisdictions. Further, unitholders may be subject to penalties for failure to comply with those requirements. We currently own property and conduct business in Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. Each of these states, other than Florida, Texas and Wyoming, currently imposes a personal income tax on individuals. Most of these states also impose an income tax on corporations and other entities. As we make acquisitions or expand our business, we may own assets or conduct business in additional states that impose an income tax. It is the unitholder’s responsibility to file all federal, state and local tax returns. Our counsel has not rendered an opinion on the state and local tax consequences of an investment in our common units.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we specify otherwise in any prospectus supplement, we will use the net proceeds we receive from the sale of securities covered by this prospectus for general partnership purposes, which may include, among other things:
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| • | paying or refinancing all or a portion of our indebtedness outstanding at the time; and |
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| • | funding working capital, capital expenditures or acquisitions. |
The actual application of proceeds from the sale of any particular offering of securities using this prospectus will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to such offering. The precise amount and timing of the application of these proceeds will depend upon our funding requirements and the availability and cost of other funds.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The table below sets forth the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for us for each of the periods indicated:
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| | | | Nine Months Ended
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| | Year Ended December 31, | | September 30, |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2008 | | 2007 |
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Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges | | | 6.1 | x | | | 10.0 | x | | | 9.5 | x | | | 13.5 | x | | | 12.4 | x | | | 5.5 | x | | | 7.9x | |
We have computed the ratios of earnings to fixed charges by dividing earnings by fixed charges. For the purposes of this computation, earnings represents net income adjusted for equity earnings to reflect actual distributions from equity investments, and before interest expense, amortization of debt costs, and that portion of rental expense which represents an interest factor. Fixed charges means that sum of interest costs, amortization of debt costs, and that portion of rental expenses which represents an interest factor.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
Any debt securities that we offer under a prospectus supplement will be direct, unsecured general obligations. The debt securities will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities will be issued under one or more separate indentures between us and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, as trustee. Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture. Together, the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are called “indentures.” The indentures will be supplemented by supplemental indentures, the material provisions of which will be described in a prospectus supplement.
As used in this description, the words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P., and not to any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.
We have summarized some of the material provisions of the indentures below. This summary does not restate those agreements in their entirety. A form of senior indenture and a form of subordinated indenture have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We urge you to read each of the indentures because each one, and not this description, defines the rights of holders of debt securities.
Capitalized terms defined in the indentures have the same meanings when used in this prospectus.
General
The debt securities issued under the indentures will be our direct, unsecured general obligations. The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will have a junior position to all of our senior debt.
The following description sets forth the general terms and provisions that could apply to debt securities that we may offer to sell. A prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities being offered will include specific terms relating to the offering. These terms will include some or all of the following, among others:
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| • | the title and type of the debt securities; |
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| • | the total principal amount of the debt securities; |
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| • | the percentage of the principal amount at which the debt securities will be issued and any payments due if the maturity of the debt securities is accelerated; |
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| • | the dates on which the principal of the debt securities will be payable; |
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| • | the interest rate which the debt securities will bear and the interest payment dates for the debt securities; |
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| • | any conversion or exchange features; |
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| • | any optional redemption periods; |
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| • | any sinking fund or other provisions that would obligate us to repurchase or otherwise redeem some or all of the debt securities; |
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| • | any provisions granting special rights to holders when a specified event occurs; |
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| • | any changes to or additional events of default or covenants; |
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| • | the denominations in which the debt securities shall be issuable; |
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| • | the place or places where principal, premium and interest shall be paid; |
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| • | the manner by which any payments of principal, premium or interest may be determined by reference to an index; |
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| • | any means of Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance; |
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| • | whether the debt securities will be guaranteed; |
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| • | any special tax implications of the debt securities, including provisions for original issue discount securities, if offered; and |
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| • | any other terms of the debt securities. |
Neither of the indentures will limit the amount of debt securities that may be issued. Each indenture will allow debt securities to be issued up to the principal amount that may be authorized by us and may be in any currency or currency unit designated by us.
Debt securities of a series may be issued in registered or global form.
Subsidiary Guarantees
If the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a series of our senior debt securities provides that those senior debt securities will have the benefit of a guarantee by any or all of our operating subsidiaries, payment of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on those senior debt securities will be unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by such subsidiary or subsidiaries. The guarantee of senior debt securities will rank equally in right of payment with all of the unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of such subsidiary or subsidiaries.
If the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a series of our subordinated debt securities provides that those subordinated debt securities will have the benefit of a guarantee by any or all of our operating subsidiaries, payment of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on those subordinated debt securities will be unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, subordinated basis by such subsidiary or subsidiaries. The guarantee of the subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to all of such subsidiary’s or subsidiaries’ existing and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the related prospectus supplement), including any guarantee of the senior debt securities, to the same extent and in the same manner as the subordinated debt securities are subordinated to our senior indebtedness (as defined in the related prospectus supplement). See “— Subordination” below.
The obligations of our operating subsidiaries under any such guarantee will be limited as necessary to prevent the guarantee from constituting a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under applicable law.
Covenants
Under the indentures, we:
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| • | will pay the principal of, and interest and any premium on, the debt securities when due; |
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| • | will maintain a place of payment; |
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| • | will deliver a certificate to the trustee each fiscal year reviewing our compliance with our obligations under the indentures; |
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| • | will preserve our corporate existence; and |
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| • | will segregate or deposit with any paying agent sufficient funds for the payment of any principal, interest or premium on or before the due date of such payment. |
Mergers and Sale of Assets
Each of the indentures will provide that we may not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or sell, convey, transfer or lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our properties and assets (on a consolidated basis) to another Person, unless:
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| • | either: (a) we are the surviving Person; or (b) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation, amalgamation or merger or resulting from such conversion (if other than us) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition has been made is a corporation, limited liability |
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| | company or limited partnership organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia; |
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| • | the Person formed by or surviving any such conversion, consolidation, amalgamation or merger (if other than us) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition has been made assumes all of our obligations under such indenture and the debt securities governed thereby pursuant to agreements reasonably satisfactory to the trustee, which may include a supplemental indenture; |
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| • | we or the successor will not be in default either immediately, or after notice or lapse of time, or both, under such indenture; and |
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| • | we deliver an officer’s certificate and opinion of counsel to the trustee stating that such consolidation, amalgamation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease and any supplemental indenture comply with such indenture and that all conditions precedent set forth in such indenture have been complied with. |
Upon the assumption of our obligations under each indenture by a successor, we will be discharged from all obligations under such indenture.
As used in the indenture and in this description, the word“Person”means any individual, corporation, company, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, other entity, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
Events of Default
“Event of default,”when used in the indentures with respect to debt securities of any series, will mean any of the following:
(1) default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days;
(2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any debt security of that series at its maturity;
(3) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant set forth in Article Ten of the applicable indenture (other than a covenant a default in the performance of which or the breach of which is elsewhere specifically dealt with as an event of default or which has expressly been included in such indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of debt securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to us by the trustee or to us and the trustee by the holders of at least 25 percent in principal amount of the then-outstanding debt securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” thereunder;
(4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant in the applicable indenture (other than a covenant set forth in Article Ten of such indenture or any other covenant a default in the performance of which or the breach of which is elsewhere specifically dealt with as an event of default or which has expressly been included in such indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of debt securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 180 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to us by the trustee or to us and the trustee by the holders of at least 25 percent in principal amount of the then-outstanding debt securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” thereunder;
(5) we, pursuant to or within the meaning of any bankruptcy law, (i) commence a voluntary case, (ii) consent to the entry of any order for relief against us in an involuntary case, (iii) consent to the
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appointment of a custodian of us or for all or substantially all of our property, or (iv) make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors;
(6) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any bankruptcy law that (i) is for relief against us in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a custodian of us or for all or substantially all of our property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of us, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days;
(7) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when due; or
(8) any other event of default provided with respect to debt securities of that series in accordance with provisions of the indenture related to the issuance of such debt securities.
An event of default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an event of default for any other series of debt securities issued under an indenture. The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any default (except in the payment of principal, interest or any premium) if it considers the withholding of notice to be in the interests of the holders.
If an event of default for any series of debt securities occurs and continues, the trustee or the holders of 25 percent in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of the series may declare the entire principal of all of the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. If this happens, subject to certain conditions, the holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series can void the declaration.
Other than its duties in case of a default, a trustee is not obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers under any indenture at the request, order or direction of any holders, unless the holders offer the trustee reasonable indemnity. If they provide this reasonable indemnification, the holders of a majority in principal amount outstanding of any series of debt securities may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding or any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any power conferred upon the trustee, for any series of debt securities.
Amendments and Waivers
Subject to certain exceptions, the indentures, the debt securities issued thereunder or the subsidiary guarantees may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then-outstanding debt securities of each series affected by such amendment or supplemental indenture, with each such series voting as a separate class (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, debt securities) and, subject to certain exceptions, any past default or compliance with any provisions may be waived with respect to each series of debt securities with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the then-outstanding debt securities of such series voting as a separate class (including consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, debt securities).
Without the consent of each holder of the outstanding debt securities affected, an amendment, supplement or waiver may not, among other things:
(1) change the stated maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any debt security, reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, reduce the amount of the principal of an original issue discount security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to the applicable indenture, change the coin or currency in which any debt security or any premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the stated maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the redemption date therefor);
(2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the then-outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of the holders of which is required for any such amendment or supplemental indenture, or the consent of the holders of which is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the
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applicable indenture or certain defaults thereunder and their consequences provided for in the applicable indenture;
(3) modify any of the provisions set forth in (i) the provisions of the applicable indenture related to the holder’s unconditional right to receive principal, premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities or (ii) the provisions of the applicable indenture related to the waiver of past defaults under such indenture;
(4) waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security;provided, however, that any purchase or repurchase of debt securities shall not be deemed a redemption of the debt securities;
(5) release any guarantor from any of its obligations under its guarantee or the applicable indenture, except in accordance with the terms of such indenture (as amended or supplemented); or
(6) make any change in the foregoing amendment and waiver provisions, except to increase any percentage provided for therein or to provide that certain other provisions of the applicable indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the holder of each then-outstanding debt security affected thereby.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, without the consent of any holder of debt securities, we, the guarantors and the trustee may amend each of the indentures or the debt securities issued thereunder to:
(1) cure any ambiguity or defect, or to correct or supplement any provision therein that may be inconsistent with any other provision therein;
(2) evidence the succession of another Person to us and the assumption by any such successor of our covenants therein and, to the extent applicable, of the debt securities;
(3) provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;providedthat the uncertificated debt securities are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), or in the manner such that the uncertificated debt securities are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code;
(4) add a guarantee and cause any Person to become a guarantor,and/or to evidence the succession of another Person to a guarantor and the assumption by any such successor of the guarantee of such guarantor therein and, to the extent applicable, endorsed upon any debt securities of any series;
(5) secure the debt securities of any series;
(6) add to the covenants such further covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions as we shall consider to be appropriate for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of debt securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in the applicable indenture as set forth therein, or to surrender any right or power therein conferred upon us;provided, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision, such amendment or supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such an event of default or may limit the remedies available to the trustee upon such an event of default or may limit the right of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of such series to waive such an event of default;
(7) make any change to any provision of the applicable indenture that does not adversely affect the rights or interests of any holder of debt securities issued thereunder;
(8) provide for the issuance of additional debt securities in accordance with the provisions set forth in the applicable indenture on the date of such indenture;
(9) add any additional defaults or events of default in respect of all or any series of debt securities;
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(10) add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of the applicable indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of debt securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons;
(11) change or eliminate any of the provisions of the applicable indenture;providedthat any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no debt security outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such amendment or supplemental indenture that is entitled to the benefit of such provision;
(12) establish the form or terms of debt securities of any series as permitted thereunder, including to reopen any series of any debt securities as permitted thereunder;
(13) evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment thereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of the applicable indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts thereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of such indenture;
(14) conform the text of the applicable indenture (and/or any supplemental indenture) or any debt securities issued thereunder to any provision of a description of such debt securities appearing in a prospectus or prospectus supplement or an offering memorandum or offering circular to the extent that such provision appears on its face to have been intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of such indenture (and/or any supplemental indenture) or any debt securities issued thereunder; or
(15) modify, eliminate or add to the provisions of the applicable indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to effect the qualification of such indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the“Trust Indenture Act”), or under any similar federal statute subsequently enacted, and to add to such indenture such other provisions as may be expressly required under the Trust Indenture Act.
The consent of the holders is not necessary under either indenture to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment. After an amendment with the consent of the holders under an indenture becomes effective, we are required to mail to the holders of debt securities thereunder a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all such holders, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.
Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
Each indenture provides that we may, at our option and at any time, elect to have all of our obligations discharged with respect to the debt securities outstanding thereunder and all obligations of any guarantors of such debt securities discharged with respect to their guarantees(“Legal Defeasance”), except for:
(1) the rights of holders of outstanding debt securities to receive payments in respect of the principal of, or interest or premium, if any, on, such debt securities when such payments are due from the trust referred to below;
(2) our obligations with respect to the debt securities concerning temporary debt securities, registration of debt securities, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities, the maintenance of an office or agency for payment and money for security payments held in trust;
(3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the trustee, and our and each guarantor’s obligations in connection therewith; and
(4) the Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance (as defined below) provisions of the applicable indenture.
In addition, we may, at our option and at any time, elect to have our obligations released with respect to certain provisions of each indenture, including certain provisions described in any prospectus supplement (such release and termination being referred to as “Covenant Defeasance”), and thereafter any failure to comply with such obligations or provisions will not constitute a default or event of default. In addition, in the event
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Covenant Defeasance occurs in accordance with the applicable indenture, any defeasible event of default will no longer constitute an event of default.
In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance:
(1) we must irrevocably deposit with the trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the holders of the debt securities, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable government securities, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars and non-callable U.S. government securities, in amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, and interest and premium, if any, on, the outstanding debt securities on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and we must specify whether the debt securities are being defeased to such stated date for payment or to a particular redemption date;
(2) in the case of Legal Defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to the trustee confirming that (a) we have received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (b) since the issue date of the debt securities, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion of counsel will confirm that, the holders of the outstanding debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same time as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;
(3) in the case of Covenant Defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to the trustee confirming that the holders of the outstanding debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;
(4) no default or event of default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a default or event of default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit);
(5) the deposit must not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other instrument to which we are, or any guarantor is, a party or by which we are, or any guarantor is, bound;
(6) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than the applicable indenture) to which we are, or any of our subsidiaries is, a party or by which we are, or any of our subsidiaries is, bound;
(7) we must deliver to the trustee an officer’s certificate stating that the deposit was not made by us with the intent of preferring the holders of debt securities over our other creditors with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding our creditors or the creditors of others;
(8) we must deliver to the trustee an officer’s certificate stating that all conditions precedent set forth in clauses (1) through (6) of this paragraph have been complied with; and
(9) we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel (which opinion of counsel may be subject to customary assumptions, qualifications, and exclusions) stating that all conditions precedent set forth in clauses (2), (3) and (6) of this paragraph have been complied with.
Satisfaction and Discharge
Each of the indentures will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect (except as to surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of debt securities and certain rights of the trustee, as expressly
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provided for in such indenture) as to all outstanding debt securities issued thereunder and the guarantees issued thereunder when:
(1) either (a) all of the debt securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under such indenture (except lost, stolen or destroyed debt securities that have been replaced or paid and debt securities for the payment of which money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by us and thereafter repaid to us or discharged from such trust) have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation or (b) all debt securities not theretofore delivered to the trustee for cancellation have become due and payable, will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year, or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the trustee in the name, and at the expense, of us, and we have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee funds, in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the debt securities not theretofore delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities to the date of deposit (in the case of debt securities that have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, together with instructions from us irrevocably directing the trustee to apply such funds to the payment thereof at maturity or redemption, as the case may be;
(2) we have paid all other sums then due and payable under such indenture by us; and
(3) we have delivered to the trustee an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel, which, taken together, state that all conditions precedent under such indenture relating to the satisfaction and discharge of such indenture have been complied with.
No Personal Liability of Directors, Managers, Officers, Employees, Partners, Members and Stockholders
No director, manager, officer, employee, incorporator, partner, member or stockholder of us or any guarantor, as such, shall have any liability for any of our obligations or those of the guarantors under the debt securities, the indentures, the guarantees or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each holder of debt securities, upon our issuance of the debt securities and execution of the indentures, waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the debt securities. Such waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.
Denominations
Unless stated otherwise in the prospectus supplement for each issuance of debt securities, the debt securities will be issued in denominations of $1,000 each or integral multiples of $1,000.
Paying Agent and Registrar
The trustee will initially act as paying agent and registrar for the debt securities. We may change the paying agent or registrar without prior notice to the holders of the debt securities, and we may act as paying agent or registrar.
Transfer and Exchange
A holder may transfer or exchange debt securities in accordance with the applicable indenture. The registrar and the trustee may require a holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents, and we may require a holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the applicable indenture. We are not required to transfer or exchange any debt security selected for redemption. In addition, we are not required to transfer or exchange any debt security for a period of 15 days before a selection of debt securities is to be redeemed.
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Subordination
The payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on subordinated debt securities and any of our other payment obligations in respect of subordinated debt securities (including any obligation to repurchase subordinated debt securities) is subordinated in certain circumstances in right of payment, as set forth in the subordinated indenture, to the prior payment in full in cash or cash equivalents of all senior debt.
We also may not make any payment, whether by redemption, purchase, retirement, defeasance or otherwise, upon or in respect of subordinated debt securities, except from a trust described under “— Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance,” if
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| • | a default in the payment of all or any portion of the obligations on any designated senior debt(“payment default”) occurs that has not been cured or waived, or |
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| • | any other default occurs and is continuing with respect to designated senior debt pursuant to which the maturity thereof may be accelerated(“non-payment default”) and, solely with respect to this clause, the trustee for the subordinated debt securities receives a notice of the default (a“payment blockage notice”) from the trustee or other representative for the holders of such designated senior debt. |
Cash payments on subordinated debt securities will be resumed (a) in the case of a payment default, upon the date on which such default is cured or waived, and (b) in case of a nonpayment default, the earliest of the date on which such nonpayment default is cured or waived, the termination of the payment blockage period by written notice to the trustee for the subordinated debt securities from the trustee or other representative for the holders of such designated senior debt, the payment in full of such designated senior debt or 179 days after the date on which the applicable payment blockage notice is received. No new payment blockage period may be commenced unless and until 360 days have elapsed since the date of commencement of the payment blockage period resulting from the immediately prior payment blockage notice. No nonpayment default in respect of designated senior debt that existed or was continuing on the date of delivery of any payment blockage notice to the trustee for the subordinated debt securities will be, or be made, the basis for a subsequent payment blockage notice unless such default shall have been cured or waived for a period of no less than 90 consecutive days.
Upon any payment or distribution of our assets or securities (other than with the money, securities or proceeds held under any defeasance trust established in accordance with the subordinated indenture) in connection with any dissolution or winding up or total or partial liquidation or reorganization of us, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings or other marshalling of assets for the benefit of creditors, all amounts due or to become due upon all senior debt shall first be paid in full, in cash or cash equivalents, before the holders of the subordinated debt securities or the trustee on their behalf shall be entitled to receive any payment by or on behalf of us on account of the subordinated debt securities, or any payment to acquire any of the subordinated debt securities for cash, property or securities, or any distribution with respect to the subordinated debt securities of any cash, property or securities. Before any payment may be made by, or on behalf of, us on any subordinated debt security (other than with the money, securities or proceeds held under any defeasance trust established in accordance with the subordinated indenture) in connection with any such dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, any payment or distribution of our assets or securities, to which the holders of subordinated debt securities or the trustee on their behalf would be entitled, shall be made by us or by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person making such payment or distribution, or by the holders or the trustee if received by them or it, to the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee, agent, or other persons making payment or distribution of our assets for application to the payment of senior debt or to any trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any such senior debt may have been issued, to the extent necessary to pay all such senior debt in full, in cash or cash equivalents, after giving effect to any concurrent payment, distribution or provision therefor to or for the holders of such senior debt.
As a result of these subordination provisions, in the event of our liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar proceeding or an assignment for the benefit of our creditors or a marshalling of our assets or liabilities, holders of subordinated debt securities may receive ratably less than other creditors.
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Payment and Transfer
Principal, interest and any premium on fully registered debt securities will be paid at designated places. Payment will be made by check mailed to the persons in whose names the debt securities are registered on days specified in the indentures or any prospectus supplement. Debt securities payments in other forms will be paid at a place designated by us and specified in a prospectus supplement.
Fully registered debt securities may be transferred or exchanged at the office of the trustee or at any other office or agency maintained by us for such purposes, without the payment of any service charge except for any tax or governmental charge.
Global Securities
The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global certificates that we will deposit with a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities that it represents, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole:
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| • | by the applicable depositary to a nominee of the depositary; |
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| • | by any nominee to the depositary itself or another nominee; or |
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| • | by the depositary or any nominee to a successor depositary or any nominee of the successor. |
We will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to a series of debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. We anticipate that the following provisions will generally apply to depositary arrangements.
When we issue a global security in registered form, the depositary for the global security or its nominee will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts of the individual debt securities represented by that global security to the accounts of persons that have accounts with the depositary(“participants”). Those accounts will be designated by the dealers, underwriters or agents with respect to the underlying debt securities or by us if those debt securities are offered and sold directly by us. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to participants or persons that may hold interests through participants. For interests of participants, ownership of beneficial interests in the global security will be shown on records maintained by the applicable depositary or its nominee. For interests of persons other than participants, that ownership information will be shown on the records of participants. Transfer of that ownership will be effected only through those records. The laws of some states require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. These limits and laws may impair our ability to transfer beneficial interests in a global security.
As long as the depositary for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of that global security, the depositary or nominee will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a global security:
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| • | will not be entitled to have any of the underlying debt securities registered in their names; |
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| • | will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of any of the underlying debt securities in definitive form; and |
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| • | will not be considered the owners or holders under the indenture relating to those debt securities. |
Payments of the principal of, any premium on and any interest on individual debt securities represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee as the registered owner of the global security representing such debt securities. Neither we, the trustee for the debt securities, any paying agent nor the registrar for the debt securities will be responsible for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made by the depositary or any participants on account of beneficial interests in the global security.
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We expect that the depositary or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, any premium or interest relating to a global security representing any series of debt securities, immediately will credit participants’ accounts with the payments. Those payments will be credited in amounts proportional to the respective beneficial interests of the participants in the principal amount of the global security as shown on the records of the depositary or its nominee. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the global security held through those participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices. This is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers registered in “street name.” Those payments will be the sole responsibility of those participants.
If the depositary for a series of debt securities is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as depositary and we do not appoint a successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue individual debt securities of that series in exchange for the global security or securities representing that series. In addition, we may at any time in our sole discretion determine not to have any debt securities of a series represented by one or more global securities. In that event, we will issue individual debt securities of that series in exchange for the global security or securities. Furthermore, if we specify, an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security may, on terms acceptable to us, the trustee and the applicable depositary, receive individual debt securities of that series in exchange for those beneficial interests. The foregoing is subject to any limitations described in the applicable prospectus supplement. In any such instance, the owner of the beneficial interest will be entitled to physical delivery of individual debt securities equal in principal amount to the beneficial interest and to have the debt securities registered in its name. Those individual debt securities will be issued in any authorized denominations.
Governing Law
Each indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
Information Concerning the Trustee
HSBC Bank USA, National Association will be the trustee under the indentures. A successor trustee may be appointed in accordance with the terms of the indentures.
The indentures and the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act incorporated by reference therein will contain certain limitations on the rights of the trustee, should it become a creditor of us, to obtain payment of claims in certain cases, or to realize on certain property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee will be permitted to engage in other transactions; however, if it acquires any conflicting interest (within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act), it must eliminate such conflicting interest or resign.
A single banking or financial institution may act as trustee with respect to both the subordinated indenture and the senior indenture. If this occurs, and should a default occur with respect to either the subordinated debt securities or the senior debt securities, such banking or financial institution would be required to resign as trustee under one of the indentures within 90 days of such default, pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act, unless such default were cured, duly waived or otherwise eliminated.
DESCRIPTION OF GUARANTEES OF DEBT SECURITIES
Our subsidiaries may issue guarantees of debt securities that we offer in any prospectus supplement. Each guarantee will be issued under a supplement to an indenture. The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of guarantees will describe the terms of those guarantees, including the following:
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| • | the series of debt securities to which the guarantees apply; |
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| • | whether the guarantees are secured or unsecured; |
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| • | whether the guarantees are conditional or unconditional; |
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| • | whether the guarantees are senior or subordinate to other guarantees or debt; |
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| • | the terms under which the guarantees may be amended, modified, waived, released or otherwise terminated, if different from the provisions applicable to the guaranteed debt securities; and |
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| • | any additional terms of the guarantees. |
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DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMON UNITS
The Units
The common units and the subordinated units are separate classes of limited partner interests in us. The holders of units are entitled to participate in partnership distributions and exercise the rights or privileges available to limited partners under our partnership agreement. For a description of the relative rights and preferences of holders of common units and subordinated units in and to partnership distributions, please read this section and “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions.” For a description of the rights and privileges of limited partners under our partnership agreement, including voting rights, please read “Material Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement.”
Our common units are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EPB.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Duties
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. serves as registrar and transfer agent for the common units. We pay all fees charged by the transfer agent for transfers of common units except the following that must be paid by unitholders:
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| • | surety bond premiums to replace lost or stolen certificates, taxes and other governmental charges; |
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| • | special charges for services requested by a common unitholder; and |
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| • | other similar fees or charges. |
There is no charge to unitholders for disbursements of our cash distributions. We will indemnify the transfer agent, its agents and each of their stockholders, directors, officers and employees against all claims and losses that may arise out of acts performed or omitted for its activities in that capacity, except for any liability due to any gross negligence or intentional misconduct of the indemnified person or entity.
Resignation or Removal
The transfer agent may resign, by notice to us, or be removed by us. The resignation or removal of the transfer agent will become effective upon our appointment of a successor transfer agent and registrar and its acceptance of the appointment. If no successor has been appointed and has accepted the appointment within 30 days after notice of the resignation or removal, our general partner may act as the transfer agent and registrar until a successor is appointed.
Transfer of Common Units
Any transfers of a common unit will not be recorded by the transfer agent or recognized by us unless the transferee executes and delivers a properly completed transfer application. By executing and delivering a transfer application, the transferee of common units:
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| • | becomes the record holder of the common units and is an assignee until admitted into our partnership as a substituted limited partner; |
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| • | automatically requests admission as a substituted limited partner in our partnership; |
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| • | executes and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of our partnership agreement; |
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| • | represents that the transferee has the capacity, power and authority to enter into our partnership agreement; |
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| • | grants powers of attorney to the officers of our general partner and any liquidator of us as specified in our partnership agreement; |
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| • | gives the consents, covenants, representations and approvals contained in our partnership agreement; and |
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| • | certifies: |
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| — | that the transferee is an individual or is an entity subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us; or |
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| — | that, if the transferee is an entity not subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us, as in the case, for example, of a mutual fund taxed as a regulated investment company or a partnership, all the entity’s owners are subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us. |
An assignee will become a substituted limited partner of our partnership for the transferred common units automatically upon the recording of the transfer on our books and records. Our general partner will cause any unrecorded transfers for which a properly completed and duly executed transfer application has been received to be recorded on our books and records no less frequently than quarterly.
A transferee’s broker, agent or nominee may, but is not obligated to, complete, execute and deliver a transfer application. We are entitled to treat the nominee holder of a common unit as the absolute owner. In that case, the beneficial holder’s rights are limited solely to those that it has against the nominee holder as a result of any agreement between the beneficial owner and the nominee holder.
Common units are securities and are transferable according to the laws governing transfer of securities. In addition to other rights acquired upon transfer, the transferor gives the transferee the right to request admission as a substituted limited partner in our partnership for the transferred common units. A purchaser or transferee of common units who does not execute and deliver a properly completed transfer application obtains only:
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| • | the right to assign the common unit to a purchaser or other transferee; and |
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| • | the right to transfer the right to seek admission as a substituted limited partner in our partnership for the transferred common units. |
Thus, a purchaser or transferee of common units who does not execute and deliver a properly completed transfer application:
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| • | will not receive cash distributions; |
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| • | will not be allocated any of our income, gain, deduction, losses or credits for federal income tax or other tax purposes; |
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| • | may not receive some federal income tax information or reports furnished to record holders of common units; and |
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| • | will not have voting rights; |
unless the common units are held in a nominee or “street name” account and the nominee or broker has executed and delivered a transfer application and certification as to itself and any beneficial holders.
The transferor of common units has a duty to provide the transferee with all information that may be necessary to transfer the common units. The transferor does not have a duty to ensure the execution of the transfer application by the transferee and has no liability or responsibility if the transferee neglects or chooses not to execute and deliver a properly completed transfer application to the transfer agent. Please read “Material Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement — Status as Limited Partner.”
Until a common unit has been transferred on our books, we and the transfer agent may treat the record holder of the unit as the absolute owner for all purposes, except as otherwise required by law or stock exchange regulations.
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PROVISIONS OF OUR PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT RELATING TO CASH DISTRIBUTIONS
Set forth below is a summary of the significant provisions of our partnership agreement that relate to cash distributions.
Distributions of Available Cash
General
Our partnership agreement requires that, within 45 days after the end of each quarter, beginning with the quarter ending December 31, 2007, we distribute all of our available cash to unitholders of record on the applicable record date.
Definition of Available Cash
Available cash, for any quarter, consists of all cash on hand at the end of that quarter:
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| • | lessthe amount of cash reserves established by our general partner to: |
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| • | provide for the proper conduct of our business, including necessary maintenance capital expenditures; |
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| • | comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements; or |
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| • | provide funds for distributions to our unitholders and to our general partner for any one or more of the next four quarters; |
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| • | plus, all cash on hand on the date of determination resulting from cash received after the end of that quarter in respect of our ownership interests in CIG and SNG and attributable to their operations during that quarter; and |
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| • | plus,if our general partner so determines, all or a portion of cash on hand on the date of determination of available cash for the quarter resulting from Working Capital Borrowings made subsequent to the end of such quarter. |
Working Capital Borrowings are generally borrowings that are made under a credit facility or another arrangement, are used solely for working capital purposes or to pay distributions to unitholders and are intended to be repaid within 12 months.
Intent to Distribute Minimum Quarterly Distribution
We will distribute to the holders of common units and subordinated units on a quarterly basis at least the minimum quarterly distribution of $0.28750 per unit, or $1.15 per unit per year, to the extent we have sufficient cash from our operations after establishment of cash reserves and payment of fees and expenses, including payments to our general partner. However, there is no guarantee that we will pay the minimum quarterly distribution on the units in any quarter. Even if our cash distribution policy is not modified or revoked, the amount of distributions paid under our policy and the decision to make any distribution are determined by our general partner, taking into consideration the terms of our partnership agreement. We are prohibited from making any distributions to unitholders if it would cause an event of default, or an event of default is existing, under our credit agreement.
General Partner Interest and Incentive Distribution Rights
Our general partner is currently entitled to two percent of all quarterly distributions since inception that we make prior to our liquidation. This general partner interest will be represented by general partner units. Our general partner has the right, but not the obligation, to contribute a proportionate amount of capital to us to maintain its current general partner interest. The general partner’s two percent interest in these distributions will be reduced if we issue additional units in the future and our general partner does not contribute a proportionate amount of capital to us to maintain its two percent general partner interest.
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Our general partner also currently holds incentive distribution rights that entitle it to receive increasing percentages, up to a maximum of 50 percent, of the cash we distribute from operating surplus (as defined below) in excess of $0.33063 per unit per quarter. The maximum distribution of 50 percent includes distributions paid to our general partner on its two percent general partner interest and assumes that our general partner maintains its general partner interest at two percent. The maximum distribution of 50 percent does not include any distributions that our general partner or its affiliates may receive on common or subordinated units that they own. Please read “— General Partner Interest and Incentive Distribution Rights” for additional information.
Operating Surplus and Capital Surplus
General
All cash distributed to unitholders is characterized as either “operating surplus” or “capital surplus.” Our partnership agreement requires that we distribute available cash from operating surplus differently than available cash from capital surplus.
Operating Surplus
We define operating surplus in the partnership agreement and for any period it generally means:
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| • | $50 million (as described below);plus |
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| • | all of our cash receipts after the closing of our initial public offering (other than pursuant to the next bullet), excluding cash from interim capital transactions (as defined below);plus |
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| • | all of our cash receipts after the end of a quarter but before the date of determination resulting from cash distributions paid on our ownership interest in CIG, SNG or similar persons (excluding any such amounts constituting either (i) cash proceeds from the balance of notes receivable outstanding as of the closing of our initial public offering under cash management agreements between El Paso and CIG, SNG or such other person, or (ii) the proceeds from interim capital transactions at CIG, SNG or such other person);plus |
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| • | Working Capital Borrowings made after the end of a quarter but before the date of determination of operating surplus for the quarter;plus |
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| • | cash distributions paid on equity issued to finance all or a portion of the construction, acquisition or improvement (such as equipment or facilities) in respect of the period beginning on the date that we enter into a binding obligation to commence the construction, acquisition or improvement of a capital improvement or replacement of a capital asset and ending on the earlier to occur of the date the capital improvement or capital asset commences commercial service or the date that it is abandoned or disposed of;less |
|
| • | our Operating Expenditures (as defined below) after the closing of our initial public offering, including maintenance capital expenditures (including capital contributions to CIG, SNG or similar persons to be used by them for maintenance capital expenditures);less |
|
| • | the amount of cash reserves established by our general partner to provide funds for future Operating Expenditures;less |
|
| • | all Working Capital Borrowings not repaid within twelve months after having been incurred. |
As described above, operating surplus does not reflect actual cash on hand that is available for distribution to our unitholders. For example, it includes a provision that enables us, if we choose, to distribute as operating surplus up to $50 million of cash we receive in the future from non-operating sources such as asset sales, issuances of securities and long-term borrowings that would otherwise be distributed as capital surplus. In addition, the effect of including, as described above, certain cash distributions on equity securities in operating surplus would be to increase operating surplus by the amount of any such cash distributions. As a result, we
37
may also distribute as operating surplus up to the amount of any such cash distributions we receive from non-operating sources.
If a Working Capital Borrowing, which increases operating surplus, is not repaid during the twelve-month period following the borrowing, it will be deemed repaid at the end of such period, thus decreasing operating surplus at such time. When such Working Capital Borrowing is in fact repaid, it will not be treated as a further reduction to operating surplus because operating surplus will have been previously reduced by the deemed repayment.
We define Operating Expenditures in the partnership agreement, and it generally means all of our expenditures, including, but not limited to, taxes, payments to our general partner, reimbursement of expenses incurred by our general partner or its affiliates on our behalf, non-pro rata purchases of units, interest payments, payments made in the ordinary course of business under interest rate swap agreements and commodity hedge contracts, repayments of Working Capital Borrowings and maintenance capital expenditures,providedthat Operating Expenditures will not include:
| | |
| • | repayment of Working Capital Borrowings deducted from operating surplus pursuant to the last bullet point of the definition of operating surplus above when such repayment actually occurs; |
|
| • | payments (including prepayments and prepayment penalties) of principal of and premium on indebtedness, other than Working Capital Borrowings; |
|
| • | expansion capital expenditures; |
|
| • | investment capital expenditures, including additional capital contributions to CIG, SNG or similar persons to be used by CIG, SNG or similar persons for investment capital expenditures; |
|
| • | payment of transaction expenses relating to interim capital transactions (as defined below); |
|
| • | distributions to our partners (including distributions in respect of our Class B units and incentive distribution rights); or |
|
| • | non-pro rata purchases of units of any class made with the proceeds of an interim capital transaction. |
Maintenance capital expenditures represent capital expenditures made to replace partially or fully depreciated assets, to maintain the existing operating capacity of our assets and to extend their useful lives, or other capital expenditures that are incurred in maintaining existing system volumes or our asset base. Costs for repairs and minor renewals to maintain facilities in operating condition and that do not extend the useful life of existing assets are treated as operations and maintenance expenses as we incur them. Maintenance capital expenditures also include interest (and related fees) on debt incurred and distributions on equity issued to finance all or any portion of the construction, improvement or development of a replacement asset that is paid in respect of the period that begins when we enter into a binding commitment or commence constructing or developing a replacement asset and ending on the earlier to occur of the date any such replacement asset commences commercial service or the date it is abandoned or disposed of (which will include any such amounts included in the account known as the allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) maintained by WIC in accordance with FERC regulations). Maintenance capital expenditures include contributions made by us to CIG, SNG or similar persons to be used by them for maintenance capital expenditures. Capital expenditures made solely for investment purposes are not considered maintenance capital expenditures.
Expansion capital expenditures are those capital expenditures made to increase the long-term operating capacity of our assets or our asset base whether through construction or acquisition. Examples of expansion capital expenditures include the acquisition of equipment, or the construction, development or acquisition of additional pipeline, compression equipment or storage capacity, to the extent such capital expenditures are expected to expand for the long-term either our operating capacity or asset base. Expansion capital expenditures also include interest (and related fees) on debt incurred and distributions on equity issued to finance all or any portion of the construction of such a capital improvement in respect of the period that commences when we enter into a binding obligation to commence construction of a capital improvement and ending on the date such capital improvement commences commercial service or the date that it is abandoned
38
or disposed of (which includes any such amounts included in the account known as the allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) maintained by WIC in accordance with FERC regulations). Expansion capital expenditures include contributions made by us to CIG, SNG or similar persons to be used by them for expansion capital expenditures. Capital expenditures made solely for investment purposes are not considered expansion capital expenditures.
Investment capital expenditures are those capital expenditures that are neither maintenance capital expenditures nor expansion capital expenditures. Investment capital expenditures largely consist of capital expenditures made for investment purposes. Examples of investment capital expenditures include traditional capital expenditures for investment purposes, such as purchases of securities, as well as other capital expenditures that might be made in lieu of such traditional investment capital expenditures, such as the acquisition of a capital asset for investment purposes or development of facilities that are in excess of the maintenance of our existing operating capacity or operating income, but which are not expected to expand for the long-term our operating capacity or asset base. Investment capital expenditures include contributions made by us to CIG, SNG or similar persons to be used by them for investment capital expenditures.
As described above, none of our investment capital expenditures or expansion capital expenditures are subtracted from operating surplus. Because investment capital expenditures and expansion capital expenditures include interest payments (and related fees) on debt incurred and distributions on equity issued to finance all of the portion of the construction, replacement or improvement of a capital asset (such as additional pipelines, compression equipment or storage capacity) in respect of the period that begins when we enter into a binding obligation to commence construction of a capital improvement and ending on the earlier to occur of the date any such capital asset commences commercial service or the date that it is abandoned or disposed of, such interest payments and equity distributions are also not subtracted from operating surplus.
Pursuant to our partnership agreement, capital expenditures that are made in part for maintenance capital purposes and in part for investment capital or expansion capital purposes are allocated as maintenance capital expenditures, investment capital expenditures or expansion capital expenditure by our general partner, with the concurrence of our conflicts committee.
Capital Surplus
We also define capital surplus in the partnership agreement and in “— Characterization of Cash Distributions” below, and it will generally be generated only by the following, which we call “interim capital transactions”:
| | |
| • | borrowings other than Working Capital Borrowings; |
|
| • | sales of our equity and debt securities; |
|
| • | sales or other dispositions of assets for cash, other than inventory, accounts receivable and other current assets sold in the ordinary course of business or as part of normal retirement or replacement of assets; |
|
| • | the termination of interest rate swap agreements or commodity hedge contracts prior to the termination date specified therein; |
|
| • | capital contributions received by us or, in the case of any partially owned entity such as CIG, CIG’s interest in WYCO Development LLC or SNG, from the unaffiliated partner(s) or other owner(s) of such entity; and |
|
| • | corporate reorganizations or restructurings. |
Characterization of Cash Distributions
Our partnership agreement requires that we treat all available cash distributed as coming from operating surplus until the sum of all available cash distributed equals the operating surplus as of the most recent date of determination of available cash. Our partnership agreement requires that we treat any amount distributed in excess of operating surplus, regardless of its source, as capital surplus. As reflected above, operating surplus
39
includes $50 million, which does not reflect actual cash on hand that is available for distribution to our unitholders. Rather, it is a provision that enables us, if we choose, to distribute as operating surplus up to this amount of cash we receive in the future from interim capital transactions, that would otherwise be distributed as capital surplus. We have not and we do not anticipate that we will make any distributions from capital surplus. The characterization of cash distributions as operating surplus versus capital surplus does not result in a different impact to unitholders for federal tax purposes. Please read “Material Tax Considerations — Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Treatment of Distributions” for a discussion of the tax treatment of cash distributions.
Subordination Period
General
Our partnership agreement provides that, during the subordination period (which we define below), the common units have the right to receive distributions of available cash from operating surplus each quarter in an amount equal to $0.28750 per common unit, which amount is defined in our partnership agreement as the minimum quarterly distribution, plus any arrearages in the payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units from prior quarters, before any distributions of available cash from operating surplus may be made on the subordinated units. Furthermore, no arrearages are paid on the subordinated units. The practical effect of the subordinated units is to increase the likelihood that during the subordination period there is available cash to be distributed on the common units.
Subordination Period
The subordination period will extend until the first business day of any quarter beginning after December 31, 2010 that each of the following tests are met:
| | |
| • | distributions of available cash from operating surplus on each of the outstanding common units, subordinated units and general partner units equaled or exceeded the minimum quarterly distribution for each of the three consecutive, non-overlapping four-quarter periods immediately preceding that date; |
|
| • | the “adjusted operating surplus” (as defined below) generated during each of the three consecutive, non-overlapping four-quarter periods immediately preceding that date equaled or exceeded the sum of the minimum quarterly distributions on all of the outstanding common units, subordinated units and general partner units during those periods on a fully diluted basis; and |
|
| • | there are no arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units. |
Early Conversion of Subordinated Units
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the subordination period will automatically terminate and all of the subordinated units will convert into common units on aone-for-one basis on the first business day following the distribution of available cash to partners in respect of any quarter ending on or after December 31, 2008 that each of the following occurs:
| | |
| • | distributions of available cash from operating surplus on each outstanding common unit, subordinated unit and general partner unit equaled or exceeded $0.43125 per quarter (150 percent of the minimum quarterly distribution) for each quarter in the four-quarter period immediately preceding the date; |
|
| • | the “adjusted operating surplus” (as defined below) generated during each quarter in the four-quarter period immediately preceding the date equaled or exceeded $0.43125 per unit (150 percent of the minimum quarterly distribution) on all of the outstanding common units, subordinated units and general partner units during that period on a fully diluted basis; and |
|
| • | there are no arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units. |
40
Expiration of the Subordination Period
When the subordination period expires, each outstanding subordinated unit will convert into one common unit and will then participate pro rata with the other common units in distributions of available cash. In addition, if the unitholders remove our general partner other than for cause and units held by the general partner and its affiliates are not voted in favor of such removal:
| | |
| • | the subordination period will end and each subordinated unit will immediately convert into one common unit; |
|
| • | any existing arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units will be extinguished; and |
|
| • | the general partner will have the right to convert its general partner units and its incentive distribution rights into common units or to receive cash in exchange for those interests. |
Because El Paso owns a controlling number of our common units, it is unlikely that our general partner will be removed.
Adjusted Operating Surplus
Adjusted operating surplus is intended to reflect the cash generated from operations during a particular period and therefore excludes the $50 million “basket” included as a component of operating surplus and net drawdowns of reserves of cash generated in prior periods. We define adjusted operating surplus in the partnership agreement and for any period it generally means:
| | |
| • | operating surplus generated with respect to that period (excluding any amounts attributable to the item described in the first bullet point under the caption “— Operating Surplus and Capital Surplus — Operating Surplus” above); less |
|
| • | any net increase in Working Capital Borrowings with respect to that period; less |
|
| • | any net decrease in cash reserves for Operating Expenditures with respect to that period not relating to an Operating Expenditure made with respect to that period;plus |
|
| • | any net decrease made in subsequent periods in cash reserves for Operating Expenditures initially established with respect to that period to the extent such decrease results in a reduction in adjusted operating surplus in subsequent periods pursuant to the following bullet point;plus |
|
| • | any net decrease in Working Capital Borrowings with respect to that period;plus |
|
| • | any net increase in cash reserves for Operating Expenditures with respect to that period required by any debt instrument for the repayment of principal, interest or premium. |
Distributions of Available Cash from Operating Surplus during the Subordination Period
Our partnership agreement requires that we make distributions of available cash from operating surplus for any quarter during the subordination period in the following manner:
| | |
| • | first, 98 percent to the common unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we distribute for each outstanding common unit an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter; |
|
| • | second, 98 percent to the common unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we distribute for each outstanding common unit an amount equal to any arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units for any prior quarters during the subordination period; |
|
| • | third, 98 percent to the subordinated unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we distribute for each subordinated unit an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter; and |
|
| • | thereafter, in the manner described in “— General Partner Interest and Incentive Distribution Rights” below. |
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The preceding discussion is based on the assumptions that our general partner maintains its two percent general partner interest and that we do not issue additional classes of equity securities.
Distributions of Available Cash from Operating Surplus after the Subordination Period
Our partnership agreement requires that we make distributions of available cash from operating surplus for any quarter after the subordination period in the following manner:
| | |
| • | first, 98 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we distribute for each outstanding unit an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter; and |
|
| • | thereafter, in the manner described in “— General Partner Interest and Incentive Distribution Rights” below. |
The preceding discussion is based on the assumptions that our general partner maintains its two percent general partner interest and that we do not issue additional classes of equity securities.
General Partner Interest and Incentive Distribution Rights
Our partnership agreement provides that our general partner was initially entitled to two percent of all distributions that we make prior to our liquidation. Our general partner has the right, but not the obligation, to contribute a proportionate amount of capital to us to maintain its two percent general partner interest if we issue additional units. Our general partner’s two percent interest, and the percentage of our cash distributions to which it is entitled, will be proportionately reduced if we issue additional units in the future and our general partner does not contribute a proportionate amount of capital to us in order to maintain its two percent general partner interest. Our general partner is entitled to make a capital contribution in order to maintain its two percent general partner interest in the form of the contribution to us of common units based on the current market value of the contributed common units.
Incentive distribution rights represent the right to receive an increasing percentage (13 percent, 23 percent and 48 percent) of quarterly distributions of available cash from operating surplus after the minimum quarterly distribution and the target distribution levels have been achieved. Our general partner currently holds the incentive distribution rights, but may transfer these rights separately from its general partner interest, subject to restrictions in the partnership agreement.
The following discussion assumes that the general partner maintains its two percent general partner interest and continues to own the incentive distribution rights.
If for any quarter:
| | |
| • | we have distributed available cash from operating surplus to the common and subordinated unitholders in an amount equal to the minimum quarterly distribution; and |
|
| • | we have distributed available cash from operating surplus on outstanding common units in an amount necessary to eliminate any cumulative arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution; |
then, our partnership agreement requires that we distribute any additional available cash from operating surplus for that quarter among the unitholders and the general partner in the following manner:
| | |
| • | first, 98 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until each unitholder receives a total of $0.33063 per unit for that quarter (the “first target distribution”); |
|
| • | second, 85 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 15 percent to the general partner, until each unitholder receives a total of $0.35938 per unit for that quarter (the “second target distribution”); |
|
| • | third, 75 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 25 percent to the general partner, until each unitholder receives a total of $0.43125 per unit for that quarter (the “third target distribution”); and |
|
| • | thereafter, 50 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 50 percent to the general partner. |
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Percentage Allocations of Available Cash from Operating Surplus
The following table illustrates the percentage allocations of available cash from operating surplus between the unitholders and our general partner based on the specified target distribution levels. The amounts set forth under “Marginal Percentage Interest in Distribution” are the percentage interests of our general partner and the unitholders in any available cash from operating surplus we distribute up to and including the corresponding amount in the column “Total Quarterly Distribution per Unit Target Amount,” until available cash from operating surplus we distribute reaches the next target distribution level, if any. The percentage interests shown for the unitholders and the general partner for the minimum quarterly distribution are also applicable to quarterly distribution amounts that are less than the minimum quarterly distribution. The percentage interests set forth below for our general partner include its two percent general partner interest and assume our general partner has contributed any additional capital to maintain its two percent general partner interest and has not transferred its incentive distribution rights.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Marginal Percentage
| |
| | Total Quarterly
| | | Interest in Distribution | |
| | Distribution per Unit
| | | | | | General
| |
| | Target Amount | | | Unitholders | | | Partner | |
|
Minimum Quarterly Distribution | | | $0.28750 | | | | 98 | % | | | 2 | % |
First Target Distribution | | | above $0.28750 up to $0.33063 | | | | 98 | % | | | 2 | % |
Second Target Distribution | | | above $0.33063 up to $0.35938 | | | | 85 | % | | | 15 | % |
Third Target Distribution | | | above $0.35938 up to $0.43125 | | | | 75 | % | | | 25 | % |
Thereafter | | | above $0.43125 | | | | 50 | % | | | 50 | % |
General Partner’s Right to Reset Incentive Distribution Levels
Our general partner, as the holder of our incentive distribution rights, has the right under our partnership agreement to elect to relinquish the right to receive incentive distribution payments based on the initial cash target distribution levels and to reset, at higher levels, the minimum quarterly distribution amount and cash target distribution levels upon which the incentive distribution payments to our general partner would be set. Our general partner’s right to reset the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution levels upon which the incentive distributions payable to our general partner are based may be exercised, without approval of our unitholders or the conflicts committee of our general partner, at any time when there are no subordinated units outstanding and we have made cash distributions to the holders of the incentive distribution rights at the highest level of incentive distribution for each of the prior four consecutive fiscal quarters. The reset minimum quarterly distribution amount and target distribution levels will be higher than the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution levels prior to the reset such that our general partner will not receive any incentive distributions under the reset target distribution levels until cash distributions per unit following this event increase as described below. We anticipate that our general partner would exercise this reset right in order to facilitate acquisitions or internal growth projects that would otherwise not be sufficiently accretive to cash distributions per common unit, taking into account the existing levels of incentive distribution payments being made to our general partner.
In connection with the resetting of the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution levels and the corresponding relinquishment by our general partner of incentive distribution payments based on the target cash distributions prior to the reset, our general partner will be entitled to receive a number of newly issued Class B common units and general partner units based on a predetermined formula described below that takes into account the “cash parity” value of the average cash distributions related to the incentive distribution rights received by our general partner for the two quarters prior to the reset event as compared to the average cash distributions per common unit during this period.
The number of Class B common units that our general partner would be entitled to receive from us in connection with a resetting of the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution levels
43
then in effect would be equal to (x) the average amount of cash distributions received by our general partner in respect of its incentive distribution rights during the two consecutive fiscal quarters ended immediately prior to the date of such reset election divided by (y) the average of the amount of cash distributed per common unit during each of these two quarters. Each Class B common unit will be convertible into one common unit at the election of the holder of the Class B common unit at any time following the first anniversary of the issuance of these Class B common units. The issuance of the Class B common units will be conditioned upon approval of the listing or admission for trading of the common units into which the Class B common units are convertible by the national securities exchange on which the common units are then listed or admitted for trading. Each Class B common unit will receive the same level of distribution as a common unit on apari passubasis with other unitholders. Our general partner will also receive from us an additional amount of general partner units in order to maintain the general partner’s ownership interest in us relative to the issuance of the common units.
Following a reset election by our general partner, the minimum quarterly distribution amount will be reset to an amount equal to the average cash distribution amount per common unit for the two fiscal quarters immediately preceding the reset election (such amount is referred to as the “reset minimum quarterly distribution”) and the target distribution levels will be reset to be correspondingly higher such that we would distribute all of our available cash from operating surplus for each quarter thereafter as follows:
| | |
| • | first, 98 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until each unitholder receives an amount equal to 115 percent of the reset minimum quarter distribution for that quarter; |
|
| • | second, 85 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 15 percent to the general partner, until each unitholder receives an amount per unit equal to 125 percent of the reset minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter; |
|
| • | third, 75 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 25 percent to the general partner, until each unitholder receives an amount per unit equal to 150 percent of the reset minimum quarterly distribution for that quarter; and |
|
| • | thereafter, 50 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 50 percent to the general partner. |
The following table illustrates the percentage allocation of available cash from operating surplus between the unitholders and our general partner at various cash distribution levels pursuant to the cash distribution provision of our partnership agreement as well as following a hypothetical reset of the minimum quarterly distribution and target distribution levels based on the assumption that the average quarterly cash distribution amount per common unit during the two fiscal quarters immediately preceding the reset election was $0.60.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarterly
| | | Marginal Percentage
| | | Quarterly
| |
| | Distribution
| | | Interest in Distribution | | | Distribution
| |
| | per Unit
| | | | | | General
| | | per Unit following
| |
| | Prior to Reset | | | Unitholders | | | Partner | | | Hypothetical Reset | |
|
Minimum Quarterly Distribution | | | $0.28750 | | | | 98 | % | | | 2 | % | | | $0.60000 | |
First Target Distribution | | | above $0.28750 up to $0.33063 | | | | 98 | % | | | 2 | % | | | above $0.60000 up to $0.69000 | |
Second Target Distribution | | | above $0.33063 up to $0.35938 | | | | 85 | % | | | 15 | % | | | above $0.69000 | (1) up to $0.75000 |
Third Target Distribution | | | above $0.35938 up to $0.43125 | | | | 75 | % | | | 25 | % | | | above $0.75000 | (2) up to $0.90000 |
Thereafter | | | above $0.43125 | | | | 50 | % | | | 50 | % | | | above $0.90000 | (3) |
| | |
(1) | | This amount is 115% of the hypothetical reset minimum quarterly distribution. |
|
(2) | | This amount is 125% of the hypothetical reset minimum quarterly distribution. |
|
(3) | | This amount is 150% of the hypothetical reset minimum quarterly distribution. |
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The following table illustrates the total amount of available cash from operating surplus that would be distributed to the unitholders and the general partner, including in respect of incentive distribution rights, or IDRs, based on an average of the amounts distributed per quarter for the two quarters immediately prior to the reset. The following table assumes that immediately prior to the reset there are 112,697,909 common units and 2,299,526 general partner units, representing a two percent general partner interest, outstanding, and that the average distribution to each common unit is $0.60 for the two quarters prior to the reset. The assumed number of outstanding units assumes the conversion of all subordinated units into common units and no additional unit issuances.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Common
| | | General Partner Cash Distributions
| | | | |
| | Quarterly
| | | Unitholders
| | | Prior to Reset | | | | |
| | Distribution
| | | Cash
| | | | | | 2% General
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | per Unit
| | | Distributions
| | | Class B
| | | Partner
| | | | | | | | | Total
| |
| | Prior to Reset | | | Prior to Reset | | | Units | | | Interest | | | IDRs | | | Total | | | Distributions | |
|
Minimum Quarterly Distribution | | | $0.28750 | | | $ | 32,400,649 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 661,238 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 661,238 | | | $ | 33,061,887 | |
First Target Distribution | | | above $0.28750 up to $0.33063 | | | | 4,860,097 | | | | — | | | | 99,186 | | | | — | | | | 99,186 | | | | 4,959,283 | |
Second Target Distribution | | | above $0.33063 up to $0.35938 | | | | 3,240,065 | | | | — | | | | 76,237 | | | | 495,539 | | | | 571,776 | | | | 3,811,841 | |
Third Target Distribution | | | above $0.35938 up to $0.43125 | | | | 8,100,162 | | | | — | | | | 216,004 | | | | 2,484,050 | | | | 2,700,054 | | | | 10,800,216 | |
Thereafter | | | above $0.43125 | | | | 19,017,772 | | | | — | | | | 760,711 | | | | 18,257,061 | | | | 19,017,772 | | | | 38,035,544 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | $ | 67,618,745 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,813,375 | | | $ | 21,236,650 | | | $ | 23,050,026 | | | $ | 90,668,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table illustrates the total amount of available cash from operating surplus that would be distributed to the unitholders and the general partner, including in respect of IDRs, with respect to the quarter in which the reset occurs. The table reflects that as a result of the reset there are 112,697,909 common units, 35,394,417 Class B common units issued as a result of the reset and 3,022,292 general partner units outstanding, and that the average distribution to each common unit is $0.60000 for the two quarters prior to the reset. The number of Class B common units issued as a result of the reset was calculated by dividing (x) $21,236,650 as the average of the amounts received by the general partner in respect of its incentive distribution rights, or IDRs, for the two quarters prior to the reset as shown in the table above by (y) the $0.60000 of available cash from operating surplus distributed to each common unit as the average distributed per common unit for the two quarters prior to the reset.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | General Partner Cash Distributions After Reset | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Class B
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarterly
| | | Common
| | | Units
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Distribution
| | | Unitholders Cash
| | | Issued as a
| | | 2% General
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | per Unit
| | | Distributions
| | | Result of
| | | Partner
| | | | | | | | | Total
| |
| | After Reset | | | After Reset | | | the Reset | | | Interest | | | IDRs | | | Total | | | Distributions | |
|
Minimum Quarterly Distribution | | | $0.60000 | | | $ | 67,618,745 | | | $ | 21,236,650 | | | $ | 1,813,375 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 23,050,026 | | | $ | 90,668,771 | |
First Target Distribution | | | above $0.60000 up to $0.69000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Second Target Distribution | | | above $0.69000 up to $0.75000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Third Target Distribution | | | above $0.75000 up to $0.90000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Thereafter | | | above $0.90000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | $ | 67,618,745 | | | $ | 21,236,650 | | | $ | 1,813,375 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 23,050,026 | | | $ | 90,668,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our general partner will be entitled to cause the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution levels to be reset on more than one occasion,providedthat it may not make a reset election except at a time when it has received incentive distributions for the prior four consecutive fiscal quarters based on the highest level of incentive distributions that it is entitled to receive under our partnership agreement.
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Distributions from Capital Surplus
How Distributions from Capital Surplus Will Be Made
Our partnership agreement requires that we make distributions of available cash from capital surplus, if any, in the following manner:
| | |
| • | first, 98 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we distribute for each common unit an amount of available cash from capital surplus equal to the initial public offering price; |
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| • | second, 98 percent to the common unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we distribute for each common unit an amount of available cash from capital surplus equal to any unpaid arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units; and |
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| • | thereafter, we will make all distributions of available cash from capital surplus as if they were from operating surplus. |
Effect of a Distribution from Capital Surplus
Our partnership agreement treats a distribution of capital surplus as the repayment of the initial unit price from the initial public offering, which is a return of capital. The initial public offering price less any distributions of capital surplus per unit is referred to as the “unrecovered initial unit price.” Each time a distribution of capital surplus is made, the minimum quarterly distribution and the target distribution levels will be reduced in the same proportion as the corresponding reduction in the unrecovered initial unit price. Because distributions of capital surplus will reduce the minimum quarterly distribution, after any of these distributions are made, it may be easier for the general partner to receive incentive distributions and for the subordinated units to convert into common units. However, any distribution of capital surplus before the unrecovered initial unit price is reduced to zero cannot be applied to the payment of the minimum quarterly distribution or any arrearages.
Once we distribute capital surplus on a unit in an amount equal to the initial unit price, our partnership agreement specifies that the minimum quarterly distribution and the target distribution levels will be reduced to zero. Our partnership agreement specifies that we then make all future distributions from operating surplus, with 50 percent being paid to the holders of units and 50 percent to the general partner. The percentage interests shown for our general partner include its two percent general partner interest and assume the general partner has not transferred the incentive distribution rights.
Adjustment to the Minimum Quarterly Distribution and Target Distribution Levels
In addition to adjusting the minimum quarterly distribution and target distribution levels to reflect a distribution of capital surplus, if we combine our units into fewer units or subdivide our units into a greater number of units, our partnership agreement specifies that the following items will be proportionately adjusted:
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| • | the minimum quarterly distribution; |
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| • | target distribution levels; |
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| • | the unrecovered initial unit price; |
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| • | the number of common units into which a subordinated unit is convertible; and |
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| • | the number of general partner units. |
For example, if atwo-for-one split of the common units should occur, the minimum quarterly distribution, the target distribution levels and the unrecovered initial unit price would each be reduced to 50 percent of its initial level and each subordinated unit would be convertible into two common units. Thetwo-for-one split would also result in the number of general partner units evidencing the general partner interest being doubled. Our partnership agreement provides that we not make any adjustment by reason of the issuance of additional units for cash or property.
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In addition, if legislation is enacted or if existing law is modified or interpreted by a governmental taxing authority, so that we become taxable as a corporation or otherwise subject to taxation as an entity for federal, state or local income tax purposes, our partnership agreement specifies that the general partner may reduce the minimum quarterly distribution and the target distribution levels for each quarter by multiplying each distribution level by a fraction, the numerator of which is available cash for that quarter and the denominator of which is the sum of available cash for that quarter plus the general partner’s estimate of our aggregate liability for the quarter for such income taxes payable by reason of such legislation or interpretation. To the extent that the actual tax liability differs from the estimated tax liability for any quarter, the difference will be accounted for in subsequent quarters.
Distributions of Cash Upon Liquidation
General
If we dissolve in accordance with the partnership agreement, we will sell or otherwise dispose of our assets in a process called liquidation. We will first apply the proceeds of liquidation to the payment of our creditors. We will distribute any remaining proceeds to the unitholders and the general partner, in accordance with their capital account balances, as adjusted to reflect any gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of our assets in liquidation.
The allocations of gain and loss upon liquidation are intended, to the extent possible, to entitle the holders of outstanding common units to a preference over the holders of outstanding subordinated units upon our liquidation, to the extent required to permit common unitholders to receive their unrecovered initial unit price plus the minimum quarterly distribution for the quarter during which liquidation occurs plus any unpaid arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units. However, there may not be sufficient gain upon our liquidation to enable the holders of common units to fully recover all of these amounts, even though there may be cash available for distribution to the holders of subordinated units. Any further net gain recognized upon liquidation will be allocated in a manner that takes into account the incentive distribution rights of the general partner.
Manner of Adjustments for Gain
The manner of the adjustment for gain is set forth in the partnership agreement. If our liquidation occurs before the end of the subordination period, we will allocate any gain to the partners in the following manner:
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| • | first, to the general partner and the holders of units who have negative balances in their capital accounts to the extent of and in proportion to those negative balances; |
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| • | second, 98 percent to the common unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until the capital account for each common unit is equal to the sum of: (1) the unrecovered initial unit price; (2) the amount of the minimum quarterly distribution for the quarter during which our liquidation occurs; and (3) any unpaid arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution; |
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| • | third, 98 percent to the Class B common unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until the capital account for each Class B common unit is equal to the sum of: (1) the unrecovered initial unit price; and (2) the amount for the minimum quarterly distribution for the quarter during which our liquidation occurs; |
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| • | fourth, 98 percent to the subordinated unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner until the capital account for each subordinated unit is equal to the sum of: (1) the unrecovered initial unit price; and (2) the amount of the minimum quarterly distribution for the quarter during which our liquidation occurs; |
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| • | fifth, 98 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, until we allocate under this paragraph an amount per unit equal to: (1) the sum of the excess of the first target distribution per unit over the minimum quarterly distribution per unit for each quarter of our existence; less (2) the cumulative amount per unit of any distributions of available cash from operating surplus in |
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| | excess of the minimum quarterly distribution per unit that we distributed 98 percent to the unitholders, pro rata, and two percent to the general partner, for each quarter of our existence; |
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| • | sixth, 85 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 15 percent to the general partner, until we allocate under this paragraph an amount per unit equal to: (1) the sum of the excess of the second target distribution per unit over the first target distribution per unit for each quarter of our existence; less (2) the cumulative amount per unit of any distributions of available cash from operating surplus in excess of the first target distribution per unit that we distributed 85 percent to the unitholders, pro rata, and 15 percent to the general partner for each quarter of our existence; |
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| • | seventh, 75 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 25 percent to the general partner, until we allocate under this paragraph an amount per unit equal to: (1) the sum of the excess of the third target distribution per unit over the second target distribution per unit for each quarter of our existence; less (2) the cumulative amount per unit of any distributions of available cash from operating surplus in excess of the second target distribution per unit that we distributed 75 percent to the unitholders, pro rata, and 25 percent to the general partner for each quarter of our existence; and |
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| • | thereafter, 50 percent to all unitholders, pro rata, and 50 percent to the general partner. |
The percentage interests set forth above for our general partner include its two percent general partner interest and assume the general partner has not transferred the incentive distribution rights.
If the liquidation occurs after the end of the subordination period, the distinction between common units and subordinated units will disappear, so that clause (3) of the second bullet point above and all of the fourth bullet point above will no longer be applicable.
Manner of Adjustments for Losses
If our liquidation occurs before the end of the subordination period, we will generally allocate any loss to the general partner and the unitholders in the following manner:
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| • | first, 98 percent to holders of subordinated units in proportion to the positive balances in their capital accounts and two percent to the general partner, until the capital accounts of the subordinated unitholders have been reduced to zero; |
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| • | second, 98 percent to the holders of Class B common units in proportion to the positive balances in their capital accounts and two percent to the general partner, until the capital accounts of the Class B common unitholders have been reduced to zero; |
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| • | third, 98 percent to the holders of common units in proportion to the positive balances in their capital accounts and two percent to the general partner, until the capital accounts of the common unitholders have been reduced to zero; and |
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| • | thereafter, 100 percent to the general partner. |
If the liquidation occurs after the end of the subordination period, the distinction between common units and subordinated units will disappear, so that all of the first bullet point above will no longer be applicable.
Adjustments to Capital Accounts
Our partnership agreement requires that we make adjustments to capital accounts upon the issuance of additional units. In this regard, our partnership agreement specifies that we allocate any unrealized and, for tax purposes, unrecognized gain or loss resulting from the adjustments to the unitholders and the general partner in the same manner as we allocate gain or loss upon liquidation. In the event that we make positive adjustments to the capital accounts upon the issuance of additional units, our partnership agreement requires that we allocate any later negative adjustments to the capital accounts resulting from the issuance of additional units or upon our liquidation in a manner which results, to the extent possible, in the general partner’s capital account balances equaling the amount which they would have been if no earlier positive adjustments to the capital accounts had been made.
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MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF OUR PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
The following is a summary of the material provisions of our partnership agreement. Our partnership agreement is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part. We will provide prospective investors with a copy of our partnership agreement upon request at no charge.
We summarize the following provisions of our partnership agreement elsewhere in this prospectus:
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| • | with regard to distributions of available cash, please read “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions”; |
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| • | with regard to the fiduciary duties of our general partner, please read “Conflicts of Interest and Fiduciary Duties” in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007; |
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| • | with regard to the transfer of common units, please read “Description of the Common Units — Transfer of Common Units”; and |
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| • | with regard to allocations of taxable income and taxable loss, please read “Material Tax Considerations.” |
Organization and Duration
Our partnership was organized August 1, 2007 and will have a perpetual existence.
Purpose
Our purpose under the partnership agreement is limited to any business activity that is approved by our general partner and that lawfully may be conducted by a limited partnership organized under Delaware law;providedthat our general partner shall not cause us to engage, directly or indirectly, in any business activity that our general partner determines would cause us to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise taxable as an entity for federal income tax purposes.
Although our general partner has the ability to cause us and our subsidiaries to engage in activities other than the business of gathering, transporting, processing and storing natural gas, our general partner has no current plans to do so and may decline to do so free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or the limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interests of us or the limited partners. Our general partner is authorized in general to perform all acts it determines to be necessary or appropriate to carry out our purposes and to conduct our business.
Power of Attorney
Each limited partner, and each person who acquires a common unit from a unitholder, by accepting the common unit, automatically grants to our general partner and, if appointed, a liquidator, a power of attorney to, among other things, execute and file documents required for our qualification, continuance or dissolution. The power of attorney also grants our general partner the authority to amend, and to make consents and waivers under, our partnership agreement.
Cash Distributions
Our partnership agreement specifies the manner in which we make cash distributions to holders of our common units and other partnership securities as well as to our general partner in respect of its general partner interest and its incentive distribution rights. For a description of these cash distribution provisions, please read “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions.”
Capital Contributions
Unitholders are not obligated to make additional capital contributions, except as described below under “— Limited Liability.”
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For a discussion of our general partner’s right to contribute capital to maintain its two percent general partner interest if we issue additional units, please read “— Issuance of Additional Securities.”
Voting Rights
The following is a summary of the unitholder vote required for the matters specified below. Matters requiring the approval of a “unit majority” require:
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| • | during the subordination period, the approval of a majority of the common units, excluding those common units held by our general partner and its affiliates, and a majority of the subordinated units, voting as separate classes; and |
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| • | after the subordination period, the approval of a majority of the common units and Class B common units, if any, voting as a single class. |
In voting their common, Class B common and subordinated units, our general partner and its affiliates will have no fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or the limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interests of us or the limited partners.
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Issuance of additional units | | No approval right. |
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Amendment of the partnership agreement | | Certain amendments may be made by the general partner without the approval of the unitholders. Other amendments generally require the approval of a unit majority. Please read “— Amendment of the Partnership Agreement.” |
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Merger of our partnership or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets | | Unit majority in certain circumstances. Please read “— Merger, Consolidation, Conversion, Sale or Other Disposition of Assets.” |
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Dissolution of our partnership | | Unit majority. Please read “— Termination and Dissolution.” |
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Continuation of our business upon dissolution | | Unit majority. Please read “— Termination and Dissolution.” |
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Withdrawal of the general partner | | Under most circumstances, the approval of a majority of the common units, excluding common units held by our general partner and its affiliates, is required for the withdrawal of our general partner prior to December 31, 2017 in a manner that would cause a dissolution of our partnership. Please read “— Withdrawal or Removal of the General Partner.” |
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Removal of the general partner | | Not less than 662/3 percent of the outstanding units, voting as a single class, including units held by our general partner and its affiliates. Please read “— Withdrawal or Removal of the General Partner.” |
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Transfer of the general partner interest | | Our general partner may transfer all, but not less than all, of its general partner interest in us without a vote of our unitholders to an affiliate or another person in connection with its merger or consolidation with or into, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets to, such person. The approval of a majority of the common units, excluding common units held by the general partner and its affiliates, is required in other circumstances for a transfer of the general partner interest to a third party prior to December 31, 2017. Please read “— Transfer of General Partner Units.” |
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Transfer of incentive distribution rights | | Our general partner may transfer any or all of the incentive distribution rights without a vote of our unitholders to an affiliate or another person as part of our general partner’s merger or consolidation with or into, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets or the sale of all of the ownership interests in our general partner to, such person. The approval of a majority of the common units, excluding common units held by the general partner and its affiliates, is required in other circumstances for a transfer of the incentive distribution rights to a third party prior to December 31, 2017. Please read “— Transfer of Incentive Distribution Rights.” |
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Transfer of ownership interests in our general partner | | No approval required at any time. Please read ‘‘— Transfer of Ownership Interests in the General Partner.” |
Limited Liability
Assuming that a limited partner does not participate in the control of our business within the meaning of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, or the Delaware Act, and that he otherwise acts in conformity with the provisions of the partnership agreement, his liability under the Delaware Act will be limited, subject to possible exceptions, to the amount of capital he is obligated to contribute to us for his common units plus his share of any undistributed profits and assets. If it were determined, however, that the right, or exercise of the right, by the limited partners as a group:
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| • | to remove or replace the general partner; |
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| • | to approve some amendments to the partnership agreement; or |
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| • | to take other action under the partnership agreement; |
constituted “participation in the control” of our business for the purposes of the Delaware Act, then the limited partners could be held personally liable for our obligations under the laws of Delaware, to the same extent as the general partner. This liability would extend to persons who transact business with us who reasonably believe that the limited partner is a general partner. Neither the partnership agreement nor the Delaware Act specifically provides for legal recourse against the general partner if a limited partner were to lose limited liability through any fault of the general partner. While this does not mean that a limited partner could not seek legal recourse, we know of no precedent for this type of a claim in Delaware case law.
Under the Delaware Act, a limited partnership may not make a distribution to a partner if, after the distribution, all liabilities of the limited partnership, other than liabilities to partners on account of their limited partner interests and liabilities for which the recourse of creditors is limited to specific property of the partnership, would exceed the fair value of the assets of the limited partnership. For the purpose of determining the fair value of the assets of a limited partnership, the Delaware Act provides that the fair value of property subject to liability for which recourse of creditors is limited shall be included in the assets of the limited partnership only to the extent that the fair value of that property exceeds the non-recourse liability. The Delaware Act provides that a limited partner who receives a distribution and knew at the time of the distribution that the distribution was in violation of the Delaware Act shall be liable to the limited partnership for the amount of the distribution for three years. Under the Delaware Act, a substituted limited partner of a limited partnership is liable for the obligations of his assignor to make contributions to the partnership, except that such person is not obligated for liabilities unknown to him at the time he became a limited partner and that could not be ascertained from the partnership agreement.
Our subsidiaries conduct business in sixteen states and we may have subsidiaries that conduct business in other states in the future. Maintenance of our limited liability as a member of the operating company may require compliance with legal requirements in the jurisdictions in which the operating company conducts business, including qualifying our subsidiaries to do business there.
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Limitations on the liability of limited partners for the obligations of a limited partner have not been clearly established in many jurisdictions. If, by virtue of our membership interest in our operating company or otherwise, it were determined that we were conducting business in any state without compliance with the applicable limited partnership or limited liability company statute, or that the right or exercise of the right by the limited partners as a group to remove or replace the general partner, to approve some amendments to the partnership agreement, or to take other action under the partnership agreement constituted “participation in the control” of our business for purposes of the statutes of any relevant jurisdiction, then the limited partners could be held personally liable for our obligations under the law of that jurisdiction to the same extent as the general partner under the circumstances. We have and will continue to operate in a manner that the general partner considers reasonable and necessary or appropriate to preserve the limited liability of the limited partners.
Issuance of Additional Securities
Our partnership agreement authorizes us to issue an unlimited number of additional partnership securities for the consideration and on the terms and conditions determined by our general partner without the approval of the unitholders.
It is possible that we will fund acquisitions through the issuance of additional common units, subordinated units or other partnership securities. Holders of any additional common units we issue will be entitled to share equally with the then-existing holders of common units in our distributions of available cash. In addition, the issuance of additional common units or other partnership securities may dilute the value of the interests of the then-existing holders of common units in our net assets.
In accordance with Delaware law and the provisions of our partnership agreement, we may also issue additional partnership securities that, as determined by our general partner, may have special voting rights to which the common units are not entitled. In addition, our partnership agreement does not prohibit the issuance by our subsidiaries of equity securities, which may effectively rank senior to the common units.
Upon issuance of additional partnership securities (other than the issuance of Class B common units in connection with a reset of the incentive distribution target levels or the issuance of partnership securities upon conversion of outstanding partnership securities), our general partner will be entitled, but not required, to make additional capital contributions to the extent necessary to maintain its two percent general partner interest in us. Our general partner’s two percent interest in us will be reduced if we issue additional units in the future and our general partner does not contribute a proportionate amount of capital to us to maintain its two percent general partner interest. Moreover, our general partner will have the right, which it may from time to time assign in whole or in part to any of its affiliates, to purchase common units, subordinated units or other partnership securities whenever, and on the same terms that, we issue those securities to persons other than our general partner and its affiliates, to the extent necessary to maintain the percentage interest of the general partner and its affiliates, including such interest represented by common units and subordinated units, that existed immediately prior to each issuance. The holders of common units do not have preemptive rights to acquire additional common units or other partnership securities.
Amendment of the Partnership Agreement
General
Amendments to our partnership agreement may be proposed only by or with the consent of our general partner. However, our general partner has no duty or obligation to propose any amendment and may decline to do so free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or the limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interests of us or the limited partners. In order to adopt a proposed amendment, other than the amendments discussed below, our general partner is required to seek written approval of the holders of the number of units required to approve the amendment or call a meeting of the limited partners to consider and vote upon the proposed amendment. Except as described below, an amendment must be approved by a unit majority.
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Prohibited Amendments
No amendment may be made that would:
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| • | enlarge the obligations of any limited partner without its consent, unless approved by at least a majority of the type or class of limited partner interests so affected; or |
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| • | enlarge the obligations of, restrict in any way any action by or rights of, or reduce in any way the amounts distributable, reimbursable or otherwise payable by us to our general partner or any of its affiliates without the consent of our general partner, which consent may be given or withheld at its option. |
The provision of our partnership agreement preventing the amendments having the effects described in any of the clauses above can be amended upon the approval of the holders of at least 90 percent of the outstanding units voting together as a single class (including units owned by our general partner and its affiliates). As of December 31, 2008, our general partner and its affiliates own approximately 73.7 percent of the outstanding common and subordinated units.
No Unitholder Approval
Our general partner may generally make amendments to our partnership agreement without the approval of any limited partner to reflect:
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| • | a change in our name, the location of our principal place of our business, our registered agent or our registered office; |
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| • | the admission, substitution, withdrawal or removal of partners in accordance with our partnership agreement; |
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| • | a change that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate to qualify or continue our qualification as a limited partnership or a partnership in which the limited partners have limited liability under the laws of any state or to ensure that neither we nor the operating company nor any of its subsidiaries will be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise taxed as an entity for federal income tax purposes; |
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| • | an amendment that is necessary, in the opinion of our counsel, to prevent us or our general partner or its directors, officers, agents or trustees from in any manner being subjected to the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, or “plan asset” regulations adopted under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, whether or not substantially similar to plan asset regulations currently applied or proposed; |
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| • | an amendment that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate for the authorization of additional partnership securities or rights to acquire partnership securities, including any amendment that our general partner determines is necessary or appropriate in connection with: |
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| — | the adjustments of the minimum quarterly distribution, first target distribution, second target distribution and third target distribution in connection with the reset of our general partner’s incentive distribution rights as described under “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions — General Partner’s Right to Reset Incentive Distribution Levels”; or |
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| — | the implementation of the provisions relating to our general partner’s right to reset its incentive distribution rights in exchange for Class B common units; and |
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| — | any modification of the incentive distribution rights made in connection with the issuance of additional partnership securities or rights to acquire partnership securities,providedthat, any such modifications and related issuance of partnership securities have received approval by a majority of the members of the conflicts committee of our general partner; |
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| • | any amendment expressly permitted in our partnership agreement to be made by our general partner acting alone; |
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| • | an amendment effected, necessitated or contemplated by a merger agreement that has been approved under the terms of our partnership agreement; |
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| • | any amendment that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate for the formation by us of, or our investment in, any corporation, partnership or other entity, as otherwise permitted by our partnership agreement; |
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| • | a change in our fiscal year or taxable year and related changes; |
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| • | conversions into, mergers with or conveyances to another limited liability entity that is newly formed and has no assets, liabilities or operations at the time of the conversion, merger or conveyance other than those it receives by way of the conversion, merger or conveyance; or |
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| • | any other amendments substantially similar to any of the matters described in the clauses above. |
In addition, our general partner may make amendments to our partnership agreement without the approval of any limited partner if our general partner determines that those amendments:
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| • | do not adversely affect in any material respect the limited partners considered as a whole or any particular class of limited partners; |
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| • | are necessary or appropriate to satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines contained in any opinion, directive, order, ruling or regulation of any federal or state agency or judicial authority or contained in any federal or state statute; |
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| • | are necessary or appropriate to facilitate the trading of limited partner interests or to comply with any rule, regulation, guideline or requirement of any securities exchange on which the limited partner interests are or will be listed for trading; |
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| • | are necessary or appropriate for any action taken by our general partner relating to splits or combinations of units under the provisions of our partnership agreement; or |
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| • | are required to effect the intent expressed in this prospectus or the intent of the provisions of our partnership agreement or are otherwise contemplated by our partnership agreement. |
Opinion of Counsel and Unitholder Approval
For amendments of the type not requiring unitholder approval, our general partner is not required to obtain an opinion of counsel that an amendment will not result in a loss of limited liability to the limited partners or result in our being treated as an entity for federal income tax purposes in connection with any of the amendments. No other amendments to our partnership agreement will become effective without the approval of holders of at least 90 percent of the outstanding units voting as a single class unless we first obtain an opinion of counsel to the effect that the amendment will not affect the limited liability under applicable law of any of our limited partners.
In addition to the above restrictions, any amendment that would have a material adverse effect on the rights or preferences of any type or class of outstanding units in relation to other classes of units requires the approval of at least a majority of the type or class of units so affected. Any amendment that reduces the voting percentage required to take any action is required to be approved by the affirmative vote of limited partners whose aggregate outstanding units constitute not less than the voting requirement sought to be reduced.
Merger, Consolidation, Conversion, Sale or Other Disposition of Assets
A merger, consolidation or conversion of us requires the prior consent of our general partner. However, our general partner has no duty or obligation to consent to any merger, consolidation or conversion and may decline to do so free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or the limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interest of us or the limited partners.
In addition, the partnership agreement generally prohibits our general partner without the prior approval of the holders of a unit majority, from causing us to, among other things, sell, exchange or otherwise dispose
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of all or substantially all of our assets in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, including by way of merger, consolidation or other combination, or approving on our behalf the sale, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of our subsidiaries. Our general partner may, however, mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or grant a security interest in all or substantially all of our assets without that approval. Our general partner may also sell all or substantially all of our assets under a foreclosure or other realization upon those encumbrances without that approval. Finally, our general partner may consummate any merger without the prior approval of our unitholders if we are the surviving entity in the transaction, our general partner has received an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters, the transaction would not result in a material amendment to the partnership agreement, each of our units will be an identical unit of our partnership following the transaction, and the partnership securities to be issued do not exceed 20 percent of our outstanding partnership securities immediately prior to the transaction.
If the conditions specified in the partnership agreement are satisfied, our general partner may convert us or any of our subsidiaries into a new limited liability entity or merge us or any of our subsidiaries into, or convey all of our assets to, a newly formed entity if the sole purpose of that conversion, merger or conveyance is to effect a mere change in our legal form into another limited liability entity, our general partner has received an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters, and the governing instruments of the new entity provide the limited partners and the general partner with the same rights and obligations as contained in the partnership agreement. The unitholders are not entitled to dissenters’ rights of appraisal under the partnership agreement or applicable Delaware law in the event of a conversion, merger or consolidation, a sale of substantially all of our assets or any other similar transaction or event.
Termination and Dissolution
We will continue as a limited partnership until terminated under our partnership agreement. We will dissolve upon:
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| • | the election of our general partner to dissolve us, if approved by the holders of units representing a unit majority; |
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| • | there being no limited partners, unless we are continued without dissolution in accordance with applicable Delaware law; |
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| • | the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of our partnership; or |
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| • | the withdrawal or removal of our general partner or any other event that results in its ceasing to be our general partner other than by reason of a transfer of its general partner interest in accordance with our partnership agreement or withdrawal or removal following approval and admission of a successor. |
Upon a dissolution under the last clause above, the holders of a unit majority may also elect, within specific time limitations, to continue our business on the same terms and conditions described in our partnership agreement by appointing as a successor general partner an entity approved by the holders of units representing a unit majority, subject to our receipt of an opinion of counsel to the effect that:
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| • | the action would not result in the loss of limited liability of any limited partner; and |
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| • | neither our partnership, our operating company nor any of our other subsidiaries would be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise be taxable as an entity for federal income tax purposes upon the exercise of that right to continue. |
Liquidation and Distribution of Proceeds
Upon our dissolution, unless we are continued as a new limited partnership, the liquidator authorized to wind up our affairs will, acting with all of the powers of our general partner that are necessary or appropriate to liquidate our assets and apply the proceeds of the liquidation as described in “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions — Distributions of Cash Upon Liquidation.” The liquidator may defer liquidation or distribution of our assets for a reasonable period of time or distribute assets to partners in kind if it determines that a sale would be impractical or would cause undue loss to our partners.
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Withdrawal or Removal of the General Partner
Except as described below, our general partner has agreed not to withdraw voluntarily as our general partner prior to December 31, 2017 without obtaining the approval of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding common units, excluding common units held by the general partner and its affiliates, and furnishing an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters. On or after December 31, 2017, our general partner may withdraw as general partner without first obtaining approval of any unitholder by giving 90 days’ written notice, and that withdrawal will not constitute a violation of our partnership agreement. Notwithstanding the information above, our general partner may withdraw without unitholder approval upon 90 days’ notice to the limited partners if at least 50 percent of the outstanding common units are held or controlled by one person and its affiliates other than the general partner and its affiliates. In addition, the partnership agreement permits our general partner in some instances to sell or otherwise transfer all of its general partner interest in us without the approval of the unitholders. Please read “— Transfer of General Partner Units” and “— Transfer of Incentive Distribution Rights.”
Upon withdrawal of our general partner under any circumstances, other than as a result of a transfer by our general partner of all or a part of its general partner interest in us, the holders of a unit majority, voting as separate classes, may select a successor to that withdrawing general partner. If a successor is not elected, or is elected but an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters cannot be obtained, we will be dissolved, wound up and liquidated, unless within a specified period after that withdrawal, the holders of a unit majority agree in writing to continue our business and to appoint a successor general partner. Please read “— Termination and Dissolution.”
Our general partner may not be removed unless that removal is approved by the vote of the holders of not less than 662/3 percent of the outstanding units, voting together as a single class, including units held by our general partner and its affiliates, and we receive an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters. Any removal of our general partner is also subject to the approval of a successor general partner by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding common units and Class B common units, if any, voting as a separate class, and subordinated units, voting as a separate class. The ownership of more than 331/3 percent of the outstanding units by our general partner and its affiliates would give them the practical ability to prevent our general partner’s removal. As of December 31, 2008, our general partner and its affiliates own 73.7 percent of the outstanding common and subordinated units.
Our partnership agreement also provides that if our general partner is removed as our general partner under circumstances where cause does not exist and units held by the general partner and its affiliates are not voted in favor of that removal:
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| • | the subordination period will end, and all outstanding subordinated units will immediately convert into common units on a one-for-one basis; |
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| • | any existing arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units will be extinguished; and |
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| • | our general partner will have the right to convert its general partner interest and its incentive distribution rights into common units or to receive cash in exchange for those interests based on the fair market value of those interests at that time. |
In the event of removal of a general partner under circumstances where cause exists or withdrawal of a general partner where that withdrawal violates our partnership agreement, a successor general partner will have the option to purchase the general partner interest and incentive distribution rights of the departing general partner for a cash payment equal to the fair market value of those interests. Under all other circumstances where a general partner withdraws or is removed by the limited partners, the departing general partner will have the option to require the successor general partner to purchase the general partner interest of the departing general partner and its incentive distribution rights for fair market value. In each case, this fair market value will be determined by agreement between the departing general partner and the successor general partner. If no agreement is reached, an independent investment banking firm or other independent expert selected by the departing general partner and the successor general partner will determine the fair market
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value. Or, if the departing general partner and the successor general partner cannot agree upon an expert, then an expert chosen by agreement of the experts selected by each of them will determine the fair market value.
If the option described above is not exercised by either the departing general partner or the successor general partner, the departing general partner’s general partner interest and its incentive distribution rights will automatically convert into common units equal to the fair market value of those interests as determined by an investment banking firm or other independent expert selected in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.
In addition, we will be required to reimburse the departing general partner for all amounts due the departing general partner, including, without limitation, all employee-related liabilities, including severance liabilities, incurred for the termination of any employees employed by the departing general partner or its affiliates for our benefit.
Transfer of General Partner Units
Except for transfer by our general partner of all, but not less than all, of its general partner units to:
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| • | an affiliate of our general partner (other than an individual); or |
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| • | another entity as part of the merger or consolidation of our general partner with or into another entity or the transfer by our general partner of all or substantially all of its assets to another entity, |
our general partner may not transfer all or any of its general partner units to another person prior to December 31, 2017 without the approval of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding common units, excluding common units held by our general partner and its affiliates. As a condition of this transfer, the transferee must assume, among other things, the rights and duties of our general partner, agree to be bound by the provisions of our partnership agreement, and furnish an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters.
Our general partner and its affiliates may, at any time, transfer units to one or more persons, without unitholder approval, except that they may not transfer subordinated units to us.
Transfer of Ownership Interests in the General Partner
At any time, El Paso and its affiliates may sell or transfer all or part of their membership interest in our general partner, or their membership interest in El Paso Pipeline Holding Company, L.L.C., the sole member of our general partner, to an affiliate or third party without the approval of our unitholders.
Transfer of Incentive Distribution Rights
Our general partner or its affiliates or a subsequent holder may transfer its incentive distribution rights to an affiliate of the holder (other than an individual) or another entity as part of the merger or consolidation of such holder with or into another entity, the sale of all of the ownership interest in the holder or the sale of all or substantially all of its assets to that entity without the prior approval of the unitholders. Prior to December 31, 2017, other transfers of incentive distribution rights will require the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding common units, excluding common units held by our general partner and its affiliates. On or after December 31, 2017, the incentive distribution rights will be freely transferable.
Change of Management Provisions
Our partnership agreement contains specific provisions that are intended to discourage a person or group from attempting to remove El Paso Pipeline GP Company, L.L.C. as our general partner or otherwise change our management. If any person or group other than our general partner and its affiliates acquires beneficial ownership of 20 percent or more of any class of units, that person or group loses voting rights on all of its units. This loss of voting rights does not apply to any person or group that acquires the units from our general partner or its affiliates and any transferees of that person or group approved by our general partner or to any person or group who acquires the units with the prior approval of the board of directors of our general partner.
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Our partnership agreement also provides that if our general partner is removed as our general partner under circumstances where cause does not exist and units held by our general partner and its affiliates are not voted in favor of that removal:
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| • | the subordination period will end and all outstanding subordinated units will immediately convert into common units on a one-for-one basis; |
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| • | any existing arrearages in payment of the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units will be extinguished; and |
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| • | our general partner will have the right to convert its general partner units and its incentive distribution rights into common units or to receive cash in exchange for those interests based on the fair market value of those interests at that time. |
Limited Call Right
If at any time our general partner and its affiliates own more than 75 percent of the then-issued and outstanding limited partner interests of any class, our general partner will have the right, which it may assign in whole or in part to any of its affiliates or to us, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the limited partner interests of the class held by unaffiliated persons as of a record date to be selected by our general partner, on at least 10 but not more than 60 days notice. The purchase price in the event of this purchase is the greater of:
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| • | the highest cash price paid by either of our general partner or any of its affiliates for any limited partner interests of the class purchased within the 90 days preceding the date on which our general partner first mails notice of its election to purchase those limited partner interests; and |
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| • | the current market price as of the date three days before the date the notice is mailed. |
As a result of our general partner’s right to purchase outstanding limited partner interests, a holder of limited partner interests may have his limited partner interests purchased at a price that may be lower than market prices at various times prior to such purchase or lower than a unitholder may anticipate the market price to be in the future. The tax consequences to a unitholder of the exercise of this call right are the same as a sale by that unitholder of his common units in the market. Please read “Material Tax Considerations — Disposition of Common Units.”
Our general partner has further agreed that the calculation of the 75 percent threshold described above shall exclude, until September 30, 2010, common units received by El Paso’s affiliates in connection with El Paso’s contribution to us of additional general partner interests in each of CIG and SNG in September of 2008.
Non-Taxpaying Assignees; Redemption
To avoid any adverse effect on the maximum applicable rates chargeable to customers by our subsidiaries that are regulated interstate natural gas pipelines, or in order to reverse an adverse determination that has occurred regarding such maximum rate, transferees are required to fill out a properly completed transfer application certifying, and our general partner, acting on our behalf, may at any time require each unitholder to re-certify:
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| • | that the transferee or unitholder is an individual or an entity subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us; or |
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| • | that, if the transferee unitholder is an entity not subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us, as in the case, for example, of a mutual fund taxed as a regulated investment company or a partnership, all the entity’s owners are subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us. |
This certification can be changed in any manner our general partner determines is necessary or appropriate to implement its original purpose.
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If a unitholder fails to furnish:
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| • | a transfer application containing the required certification; |
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| • | a re-certification containing the required certification within 30 days after request; or |
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| • | provides a false certification; then |
we will have the right, which we may assign to any of our affiliates, to acquire all but not less than all of the units held by such unitholder. Further, the units will not be entitled to any allocations of income or loss, distributions or voting rights while held by such unitholder.
The purchase price in the event of such an acquisition for each unit held by such unitholder will be the lesser of:
(1) the price paid by such unitholder for the relevant unit; and
(2) the current market price as of the date three days before the date the notice is mailed.
The purchase price will be paid in cash or by delivery of a promissory note, as determined by our general partner. Any such promissory note will bear interest at the rate of five percent annually and be payable in three equal annual installments of principal and accrued interest, commencing one year after the redemption date.
Meetings; Voting
Except as described below regarding a person or group owning 20 percent or more of any class of units then outstanding, record holders of units on the record date are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, meetings of our limited partners and to act upon matters for which approvals may be solicited.
Any action that is required or permitted to be taken by the unitholders may be taken either at a meeting of the unitholders or without a meeting if consents in writing describing the action so taken are signed by holders of the number of units necessary to authorize or take that action at a meeting. Meetings of the unitholders may be called by our general partner or by unitholders owning at least 20 percent of the outstanding units of the class for which a meeting is proposed. Unitholders may vote either in person or by proxy at meetings. The holders of a majority of the outstanding units of the class or classes for which a meeting has been called represented in person or by proxy will constitute a quorum unless any action by the unitholders requires approval by holders of a greater percentage of the units, in which case the quorum will be the greater percentage.
Each record holder of a unit has a vote according to his percentage interest in us, although additional limited partner interests having special voting rights could be issued. Please read “— Issuance of Additional Securities.” However, if at any time any person or group, other than our general partner and its affiliates, or a direct or subsequently approved transferee of our general partner or its affiliates, acquires, in the aggregate, beneficial ownership of 20 percent or more of any class of units then outstanding, that person or group will lose voting rights on all of its units and the units may not be voted on any matter and will not be considered to be outstanding when sending notices of a meeting of unitholders, calculating required votes, determining the presence of a quorum or for other similar purposes. Common units held in nominee or street name account will be voted by the broker or other nominee in accordance with the instruction of the beneficial owner unless the arrangement between the beneficial owner and his nominee provides otherwise. Except as our partnership agreement otherwise provides, subordinated units will vote together with common units and Class B common units as a single class.
Any notice, demand, request, report or proxy material required or permitted to be given or made to record holders of common units under our partnership agreement will be delivered to the record holder by us or by the transfer agent.
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Status as Limited Partner
By transfer of common units in accordance with our partnership agreement, each transferee of common units shall be admitted as a limited partner with respect to the common units transferred when such transfer and admission is reflected in our books and records. Except as described under “— Limited Liability,” the common units will be fully paid, and unitholders will not be required to make additional contributions.
Non-Citizen Assignees; Redemption
If we are or become subject to federal, state or local laws or regulations that, in the reasonable determination of our general partner, create a substantial risk of cancellation or forfeiture of any property that we have an interest in because of the nationality, citizenship or other related status of any limited partner, we may redeem the units held by the limited partner at their current market price. In order to avoid any cancellation or forfeiture, our general partner may require each limited partner to furnish information about his nationality, citizenship or related status. If a limited partner fails to furnish information about his nationality, citizenship or other related status within 30 days after a request for the information or our general partner determines after receipt of the information that the limited partner is not an eligible citizen, the limited partner may be treated as a non-citizen assignee. A non-citizen assignee is entitled to an interest equivalent to that of a limited partner for the right to share in allocations and distributions from us, including liquidating distributions. A non-citizen assignee does not have the right to direct the voting of his units and may not receive distributions in-kind upon our liquidation.
Indemnification
Under our partnership agreement, in most circumstances, we will indemnify the following persons, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against all losses, claims, damages or similar events:
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| • | our general partner; |
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| • | any departing general partner; |
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| • | any person who is or was an affiliate of a general partner or any departing general partner; |
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| • | any person who is or was a director, officer, member, manager, partner, fiduciary or trustee of any entity set forth in the preceding three bullet points; |
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| • | any person who is or was serving as director, officer, member, manager, partner, fiduciary or trustee of another person at the request of our general partner or any departing general partner; and |
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| • | any person designated by our general partner. |
Any indemnification under these provisions will only be out of our assets. Unless it otherwise agrees, our general partner will not be personally liable for, or have any obligation to contribute or lend funds or assets to us to enable us to effectuate, indemnification. We may purchase insurance against liabilities asserted against and expenses incurred by persons for our activities, regardless of whether we would have the power to indemnify the person against liabilities under our partnership agreement.
Reimbursement of Expenses
Our partnership agreement requires us to reimburse our general partner for all direct and indirect expenses it incurs or payments it makes on our behalf and all other expenses allocable to us or otherwise incurred by our general partner in connection with operating our business. These expenses include salary, benefits, bonus, incentive compensation and other amounts paid to persons who perform services for us or on our behalf and expenses allocated to our general partner by its affiliates. The general partner is entitled to determine in good faith the expenses that are allocable to us. Please read “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Omnibus Agreement” in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
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Books and Reports
Our general partner is required to keep appropriate books of our business at our principal offices. The books are maintained for both tax and financial reporting purposes on an accrual basis. For tax and fiscal reporting purposes, our fiscal year is the calendar year.
We will furnish or make available to record holders of common units, within 120 days after the close of each fiscal year, an annual report containing audited financial statements and a report on those financial statements by our independent public accountants. Except for our fourth quarter, we will also furnish or make available summary financial information within 90 days after the close of each quarter.
We will furnish each record holder of a unit with information reasonably required for tax reporting purposes within 90 days after the close of each calendar year. This information is expected to be furnished in summary form so that some complex calculations normally required of partners can be avoided. Our ability to furnish this summary information to unitholders will depend on the cooperation of unitholders in supplying us with specific information. Every unitholder will receive information to assist him in determining his federal and state tax liability and filing his federal and state income tax returns, regardless of whether he supplies us with information.
Right to Inspect Our Books and Records
Our partnership agreement provides that a limited partner can, for a purpose reasonably related to his interest as a limited partner, upon reasonable written demand stating the purpose of such demand and at his own expense, have furnished to him:
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| • | a current list of the name and last known address of each partner; |
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| • | a copy of our tax returns; |
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| • | information as to the amount of cash, and a description and statement of the agreed value of any other property or services, contributed or to be contributed by each partner and the date on which each partner became a partner; |
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| • | copies of our partnership agreement, our certificate of limited partnership, related amendments and powers of attorney under which they have been executed; |
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| • | information regarding the status of our business and financial condition; and |
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| • | any other information regarding our affairs as is just and reasonable. |
Our general partner may, and intends to, keep confidential from the limited partners, trade secrets or other information the disclosure of which our general partner believes in good faith is not in our best interests or that we are required by law or by agreements with third parties to keep confidential.
Registration Rights
Under our partnership agreement, we have agreed to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and applicable state securities laws any common units, subordinated units or other partnership securities proposed to be sold by our general partner or any of its affiliates or their assignees if an exemption from the registration requirements is not otherwise available. These registration rights continue for two years following any withdrawal or removal of El Paso Pipeline GP Company, L.L.C. as general partner.
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND FIDUCIARY DUTIES
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest exist and may arise in the future as a result of the relationships between our general partner and its affiliates, including El Paso, on the one hand, and us and our limited partners, on the other hand. The directors and officers of our general partner have fiduciary duties to manage our general partner in a manner beneficial to its owners. At the same time, our general partner has a fiduciary duty to manage us in a manner beneficial to us and our unitholders. Our partnership agreement contains provisions that specifically define our general partner’s fiduciary duties to the unitholders. Our partnership agreement also specifically defines the remedies available to unitholders for actions taken that, without these defined liability standards, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty under applicable Delaware law. The Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, which we refer to as the Delaware Act, provides that Delaware limited partnerships may, in their partnership agreements, expand, restrict or eliminate the fiduciary duties otherwise owed by a general partner to limited partners and the partnership.
Whenever a conflict arises between our general partner or its affiliates, on the one hand, and us or any other partner, on the other, our general partner will resolve that conflict. Our general partner may, but is not required to, seek the approval of such resolution from the conflicts committee of the board of directors of our general partner. An independent third party is not required to evaluate the fairness of the resolution.
Our general partner will not be in breach of its obligations under the partnership agreement or its duties to us or our unitholders if the resolution of the conflict is:
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| • | approved by the conflicts committee, although our general partner is not obligated to seek such approval; |
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| • | approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding common units, excluding any common units owned by our general partner or any of its affiliates; |
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| • | on terms no less favorable to us than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties; or |
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| • | fair and reasonable to us, taking into account the totality of the relationships between the parties involved, including other transactions that may be particularly favorable or advantageous to us. |
If our general partner does not seek approval from the conflicts committee and our general partner’s board of directors determines that the resolution or course of action taken with respect to the conflict of interest satisfies either of the standards set forth in the third and fourth bullet points above, then it will be presumed that, in making its decision, the board of directors acted in good faith, and in any proceeding brought by or on behalf of any limited partner or the partnership, the person bringing or prosecuting such proceeding will have the burden of overcoming such presumption. Unless the resolution of a conflict is specifically provided for in our partnership agreement, our general partner or the conflicts committee of our general partner’s board of directors may consider any factors it determines in good faith to consider when resolving a conflict. When our partnership agreement requires someone to act in good faith, it requires that person to reasonably believe that he is acting in the best interests of the partnership, unless the context otherwise requires.
Conflicts of interest could arise in the situations described below, among others.
Actions taken by our general partner may affect the amount of cash available to pay distributions to unitholders or accelerate the right to convert subordinated units.
The amount of cash that is available for distribution to unitholders is affected by decisions of our general partner regarding such matters as:
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| • | amount and timing of asset purchases and sales; |
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| • | cash expenditures; |
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| • | borrowings; |
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| • | issuance of additional units; and |
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| • | the creation, reduction or increase of reserves in any quarter. |
In addition, borrowings by us and our affiliates do not constitute a breach of any duty owed by our general partner to our unitholders, including borrowings that have the purpose or effect of:
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| • | enabling our general partner or its affiliates to receive distributions on any subordinated units held by them or the incentive distribution rights; or |
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| • | hastening the expiration of the subordination period. |
For example, in the event we have not generated sufficient cash from our operations to pay the minimum quarterly distribution on our common units and our subordinated units, our partnership agreement permits us to borrow funds, which would enable us to make this distribution on all outstanding units.
Our partnership agreement provides that we and our subsidiaries may borrow funds from our general partner and its affiliates. Our general partner and its affiliates may not borrow funds from us, our operating company, or its operating subsidiaries.
Neither our partnership agreement nor any other agreement requires El Paso to pursue a business strategy that favors us or utilizes our assets or dictates what markets to pursue or grow. El Paso’s directors and officers have a fiduciary duty to make these decisions in the best interests of the stockholders of El Paso, which may be contrary to our interests.
Because the officers and certain of the directors of our general partner are also directorsand/or officers of El Paso, such directors and officers have fiduciary duties to El Paso that may cause them to pursue business strategies that disproportionately benefit El Paso or which otherwise are not in our best interests.
Our general partner is allowed to take into account the interests of parties other than us, such as El Paso, in resolving conflicts of interest.
Our partnership agreement contains provisions that permissibly reduce the standards to which our general partner would otherwise be held by state fiduciary duty law. For example, our partnership agreement permits our general partner to make a number of decisions in its individual capacity, as opposed to in its capacity as our general partner. This entitles our general partner to consider only the interests and factors that it desires, and it has no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of, or factors affecting, us, our affiliates or any limited partner. Examples include the exercise of its limited call right, its voting rights with respect to the units it owns, its registration rights and its determination whether or not to consent to any merger or consolidation of the partnership.
Our general partner has limited its liability and reduced its fiduciary duties, and has also restricted the remedies available to our unitholders for actions that, without the limitations, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty under applicable Delaware law.
In addition to the provisions described above, our partnership agreement contains provisions that restrict the remedies available to our unitholders for actions that might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty under applicable Delaware law. For example, our partnership agreement:
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| • | as described in the immediately preceding paragraph, our partnership agreement permits our general partner to make a number of decisions in its individual capacity, as opposed to in its capacity as our general partner. This entitles our general partner to consider only the interests and factors that it desires, and it has no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of, or factors affecting, us, our affiliates or any limited partner; |
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| • | provides that the general partner shall not have any liability to us or our unitholders for decisions made in its capacity as a general partner so long as it acted in good faith, meaning it believed that the decision was in the best interests of our partnership; |
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| • | generally provides that affiliated transactions and resolutions of conflicts of interest not approved by the conflicts committee of the board of directors of our general partner and not involving a vote of unitholders must be on terms no less favorable to us than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties or be “fair and reasonable” to us, as determined by the general partner in good faith, and that, in determining whether a transaction or resolution is “fair and reasonable,” our general partner may consider the totality of the relationships between the parties involved, including other transactions that may be particularly advantageous or beneficial to us; |
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| • | provides that our general partner and its officers and directors will not be liable for monetary damages to us or our limited partners for any acts or omissions unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that our general partner or those other persons acted in bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct; and |
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| • | provides that in resolving conflicts of interest, it will be presumed that in making its decision the general partner or its conflicts committee acted in good faith, and in any proceeding brought by or on behalf of any limited partner or us, the person bringing or prosecuting such proceeding will have the burden of overcoming such presumption. |
By purchasing a common unit, a common unitholder will agree to become bound by the provisions in the partnership agreement, including the provisions discussed above. Please read “— Fiduciary Duties.”
We do not have any officers or employees and rely solely on officers and employees of our general partner and its affiliates.
Affiliates of our general partner conduct businesses and activities of their own in which we have no economic interest. There could be material competition for the time and effort of the officers and employees who provide services to our general partner. The officers of our general partner are not required to work full time on our affairs.
All of the senior officers of our general partner are also senior officers of El Paso. These officers will devote to our partnership’s business affairs such portion of their productive time and efforts as is necessary or appropriate to oversee the management, operations, corporate development and future acquisition initiatives of our business. These officers are required to devote time to the affairs of El Paso or its affiliates and are compensated by them for the services rendered to them. Our non-executive directors devote as much time as is necessary to prepare for and attend board of directors and committee meetings.
We reimburse our general partner and its affiliates for expenses.
We reimburse our general partner and its affiliates for costs incurred in managing and operating us, including costs incurred in rendering corporate staff and support services to us. Our partnership agreement provides that our general partner will determine the expenses that are allocable to us in good faith.
Our general partner intends to limit its liability regarding our obligations.
Our general partner intends to limit its liability under contractual arrangements so that the other party has recourse only to our assets and not against our general partner or its assets or any affiliate of our general partner or its assets. Our partnership agreement provides that any action taken by our general partner to limit its or our liability is not a breach of our general partner’s fiduciary duties, even if we could have obtained terms that are more favorable without the limitation on liability.
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Common unitholders have no right to enforce obligations of our general partner and its affiliates under agreements with us.
Any agreements between us, on the one hand, and our general partner and its affiliates, on the other, will not grant to the unitholders, separate and apart from us, the right to enforce the obligations of our general partner and its affiliates in our favor.
Contracts between us, on the one hand, and our general partner and its affiliates, on the other, are not and will not be the result of arm’s-length negotiations.
Neither our partnership agreement nor any of the other agreements, contracts and arrangements between us and our general partner and its affiliates are or will be the result of arm’s-length negotiations. Our partnership agreement generally provides that any affiliated transaction, such as an agreement, contract or arrangement between us and our general partner and its affiliates, must be:
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| • | on terms no less favorable to us than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties; or |
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| • | “fair and reasonable” to us, taking into account the totality of the relationships between the parties involved (including other transactions that may be particularly favorable or advantageous to us). |
Our general partner determines, in good faith, the terms of any of these transactions.
Our general partner and its affiliates have no obligation to permit us to use any facilities or assets of our general partner and its affiliates, except as may be provided in contracts entered into specifically dealing with that use. Our general partner may also enter into additional contractual arrangements with any of its affiliates on our behalf. There is no obligation of our general partner and its affiliates to enter into any contracts of this kind.
Except in limited circumstances, our general partner has the power and authority to conduct our business without unitholder approval.
Under our partnership agreement, our general partner has full power and authority to do all things, other than those items that require unitholder approval or with respect to which our general partner has sought conflicts committee approval, on such terms as it determines to be necessary or appropriate to conduct our business including, but not limited to, the following:
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| • | the making of any expenditures, the lending or borrowing of money, the assumption or guarantee of, or other contracting for, indebtedness and other liabilities, the issuance of evidences of indebtedness, including indebtedness that is convertible into securities of the partnership, and the incurring of any other obligations; |
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| • | the making of tax, regulatory and other filings, or rendering of periodic or other reports to governmental or other agencies having jurisdiction over our business or assets; |
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| • | the acquisition, disposition, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or exchange of any or all of our assets or the merger or other combination of us with or into another person; |
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| • | the negotiation, execution and performance of any contracts, conveyances or other instruments; |
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| • | the distribution of partnership cash; |
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| • | the selection and dismissal of employees and agents, outside attorneys, accountants, consultants and contractors and the determination of their compensation and other terms of employment or hiring; |
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| • | the maintenance of insurance for our benefit and the benefit of our partners; |
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| • | the formation of, or acquisition of an interest in, and the contribution of property and the making of loans to, any further limited or general partnerships, joint ventures, corporations, limited liability companies or other relationships; |
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| • | the control of any matters affecting our rights and obligations, including the bringing and defending of actions at law or in equity and otherwise engaging in the conduct of litigation, arbitration or mediation and the incurring of legal expense and the settlement of claims and litigation; |
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| • | the indemnification of any person against liabilities and contingencies to the extent permitted by law; |
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| • | the purchase, sale or other acquisition or disposition of our securities, or the issuance of additional options, rights, warrants and appreciation rights relating to our securities; and |
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| • | the entering into of agreements with any of its affiliates to render services to us or to itself in the discharge of its duties as our general partner. |
Please read “The Partnership Agreement” for information regarding the voting rights of unitholders.
Common units are subject to our general partner’s limited call right.
Our general partner may exercise its right to call and purchase common units as provided in the partnership agreement or assign this right to one of its affiliates or to us. Our general partner may use its own discretion, free of fiduciary duty restrictions, in determining whether to exercise this right. As a result, a common unitholder may have his common units purchased from him at an undesirable time or price.
Our general partner may elect to cause us to issue Class B common units to it in connection with a resetting of the target distribution levels related to our general partner’s incentive distribution rights without the approval of the conflicts committee of our general partner or our unitholders. This may result in lower distributions to our common unitholders in certain situations.
Our general partner has the right, at a time when there are no subordinated units outstanding and it has received incentive distributions at the highest level to which it is entitled (48%) for each of the prior four consecutive fiscal quarters, to reset the initial cash target distribution levels at higher levels based on the distribution at the time of the exercise of the reset election. Following a reset election by our general partner, the minimum quarterly distribution amount will be reset to an amount equal to the average cash distribution amount per common unit for the two fiscal quarters immediately preceding the reset election (such amount is referred to as the “reset minimum quarterly distribution”) and the target distribution levels will be reset to correspondingly higher levels based on percentage increases above the reset minimum quarterly distribution amount. We anticipate that our general partner would exercise this reset right in order to facilitate acquisitions or internal growth projects that would not be sufficiently accretive to cash distributions per common unit without such conversion; however, it is possible that our general partner could exercise this reset election at a time when we are experiencing declines in our aggregate cash distributions or at a time when our general partner expects that we will experience declines in our aggregate cash distributions in the foreseeable future. In such situations, our general partner may be experiencing, or may be expected to experience, declines in the cash distributions it receives related to its incentive distribution rights and may therefore desire to be issued our Class B common units, which are entitled to specified priorities with respect to our distributions and which therefore may be more advantageous for the general partner to own in lieu of the right to receive incentive distribution payments based on target distribution levels that are less certain to be achieved in the then current business environment. As a result, a reset election may cause our common unitholders to experience dilution in the amount of cash distributions that they would have otherwise received had we not issued new Class B common units to our general partner in connection with resetting the target distribution levels related to our general partner incentive distribution rights.
We may choose not to retain separate counsel for ourselves or for the holders of common units.
The attorneys, independent accountants and others who perform services for us have been retained by our general partner. Attorneys, independent accountants and others who perform services for us are selected by our general partner or the conflicts committee and may perform services for our general partner and its affiliates. We may retain separate counsel for ourselves or the holders of common units in the event of a conflict of
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interest between our general partner and its affiliates, on the one hand, and us or the holders of common units, on the other, depending on the nature of the conflict. We do not intend to do so in most cases.
Our general partner’s affiliates may compete with us and neither our general partner nor its affiliates have any obligation to present business opportunities to us.
Our partnership agreement provides that our general partner is restricted from engaging in any business activities other than those incidental to its ownership of interests in us. However, affiliates of our general partner are not prohibited from engaging in other businesses or activities, including those that might be in direct competition with us. El Paso may acquire, construct or dispose of interstate pipeline, storage or other assets in the future without any obligation to offer us the opportunity to acquire those assets. In addition, under our partnership agreement, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any analogous doctrine, will not apply to the general partner and its affiliates. As a result, neither the general partner nor any of its affiliates have any obligation to present business opportunities to us.
Fiduciary Duties
Our general partner is accountable to us and our unitholders as a fiduciary. Fiduciary duties owed to unitholders by our general partner are prescribed by law and the partnership agreement. The Delaware Act provides that Delaware limited partnerships may, in their partnership agreements, expand, restrict or eliminate the fiduciary duties otherwise owed by a general partner to limited partners and the partnership.
Our partnership agreement contains various provisions modifying and restricting the fiduciary duties that might otherwise be owed by our general partner. We have adopted these provisions to allow our general partner or its affiliates to engage in transactions with us that otherwise might be prohibited by state-law fiduciary standards and to take into account the interests of other parties in addition to our interests when resolving conflicts of interest. We believe this is appropriate and necessary because the board of directors of our general partner has fiduciary duties to manage our general partner in a manner beneficial both to its owner, El Paso, as well as to our unitholders. Without these modifications, the general partner’s ability to make decisions involving conflicts of interests would be restricted. The modifications to the fiduciary standards benefit our general partner by enabling it to take into consideration all parties involved in the proposed action. These modifications also strengthen the ability of our general partner to attract and retain experienced and capable directors. These modifications represent a detriment to the common unitholders because they restrict the remedies available to unitholders for actions that, without those limitations, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty, as described below, and permit our general partner to take into account the interests of third parties in addition to our interests when resolving conflicted interests. The following is a summary of:
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| • | the fiduciary duties imposed on our general partner by the Delaware Act; |
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| • | material modifications of these duties contained in our partnership agreement; and |
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| • | certain rights and remedies of unitholders contained in the Delaware Act. |
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State law fiduciary duty standards | | Fiduciary duties are generally considered to include an obligation to act in good faith and with due care and loyalty. The duty of care, in the absence of a provision in a partnership agreement providing otherwise, would generally require a general partner to act for the partnership in the same manner as a prudent person would act on his own behalf. The duty of loyalty, in the absence of a provision in a partnership agreement providing otherwise, would generally prohibit a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership from taking any action or engaging in any transaction where a conflict of interest is present. |
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Partnership agreement modified standards | | Our partnership agreement contains provisions that waive or consent to conduct by our general partner and its affiliates that might |
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| | otherwise raise issues as to compliance with fiduciary duties or applicable law. For example, Section 7.9 of our partnership agreement provides that when our general partner is acting in its capacity as our general partner, as opposed to in its individual capacity, it must act in “good faith” and will not be subject to any other standard under applicable law. In addition, when our general partner is acting in its individual capacity, as opposed to in its capacity as our general partner, it may act without any fiduciary obligation to us or the unitholders whatsoever. These standards reduce the obligations to which our general partner would otherwise be held under applicable Delaware law. |
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| | Our partnership agreement generally provides that affiliated transactions and resolutions of conflicts of interest not involving a vote of unitholders and that are not approved by the conflicts committee of the board of directors of our general partner must be: |
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| | • on terms no less favorable to us than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties; or |
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| | • “fair and reasonable” to us, taking into account the totality of the relationships between the parties involved (including other transactions that may be particularly favorable or advantageous to us). |
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| | If our general partner does not seek approval from the conflicts committee and the board of directors of our general partner determines that the resolution or course of action taken with respect to the conflict of interest satisfies either of the standards set forth in the bullet points above, then it will be presumed that, in making its decision, the board of directors, which may include board members affected by the conflict of interest, acted in good faith, and in any proceeding brought by or on behalf of any limited partner or the partnership, the person bringing or prosecuting such proceeding will have the burden of overcoming such presumption. These standards reduce the obligations to which our general partner would otherwise be held. In addition to the other more specific provisions limiting the obligations of our general partner, our partnership agreement further provides that our general partner, its affiliates and their officers and directors will not be liable for monetary damages to us or our limited partners for errors of judgment or for any acts or omissions unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that our general partner or its officers and directors acted in bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct. |
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Rights and remedies of unitholders | | The Delaware Act generally provides that a limited partner may institute legal action on behalf of the partnership to recover damages from a third party where a general partner has refused to institute the action or where an effort to cause a general partner to do so is not likely to succeed. These actions include actions against a general partner for breach of its fiduciary duties or of the partnership agreement. In addition, the statutory or case law of some jurisdictions may permit a limited partner to institute legal action on behalf of himself and all other similarly situated limited partners to recover damages from a general partner for violations of its fiduciary duties to the limited partners. |
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In order to become one of our limited partners, a common unitholder is required to agree to be bound by the provisions in the partnership agreement, including the provisions discussed above. This is in accordance with the policy of the Delaware Act favoring the principle of freedom of contract and the enforceability of partnership agreements. The failure of a limited partner to sign our partnership agreement does not render the partnership agreement unenforceable against that person.
Under the partnership agreement, we must indemnify our general partner and its officers, directors and managers, to the fullest extent permitted by law, against liabilities, costs and expenses incurred by our general partner or these other persons. We must provide this indemnification unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that these persons acted in bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct. We also must provide this indemnification for criminal proceedings unless our general partner or these other persons acted with knowledge that their conduct was unlawful. Thus, our general partner could be indemnified for its negligent acts if it meets the requirements set forth above. To the extent that these provisions purport to include indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is contrary to public policy and therefore unenforceable.
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MATERIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
This section is a discussion of the material tax considerations that may be relevant to prospective unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the U.S. and, unless otherwise noted in the following discussion, is the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP, counsel to our general partner and us, insofar as it relates to matters of U.S. federal income tax law and legal conclusions with respect to those matters. This section is based upon current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, existing and proposed regulations and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change. Later changes in these authorities may cause the tax consequences to vary substantially from the consequences described below. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “us” or “we” are references to El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. and our operating company.
The following discussion does not address all federal income tax matters affecting us or the unitholders. Moreover, the discussion focuses on unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the U.S. and has only limited application to corporations, estates, trusts, nonresident aliens or other unitholders subject to specialized tax treatment, such as tax-exempt institutions, foreign persons, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), real estate investment trusts (REITs), employee benefit plans or mutual funds. Accordingly, we urge each prospective unitholder to consult, and depend on, his own tax advisor in analyzing the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences particular to him of the ownership or disposition of the common units.
All statements as to matters of law and legal conclusions, but not as to factual matters, contained in this section, unless otherwise noted, are the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP and are based on the accuracy of the representations made by us and our general partner.
No ruling has been or will be requested from the IRS regarding any matter affecting us or prospective unitholders. Instead, we will rely on opinions and advice of Andrews Kurth LLP. Unlike a ruling, an opinion of counsel represents only that counsel’s best legal judgment and does not bind the IRS or the courts. Accordingly, the opinions and statements made in this discussion may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS. Any contest of this sort with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for the common units and the prices at which the common units trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS, principally legal, accounting and related fees, will result in a reduction in cash available to pay distributions to our unitholders and our general partner and thus will be borne indirectly by our unitholders and our general partner. Furthermore, the tax treatment of us, or of an investment in us, may be significantly modified by future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions. Any modifications may or may not be retroactively applied.
For the reasons described below, Andrews Kurth LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to the following specific federal income tax issues:
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| • | the treatment of a unitholder whose common units are loaned to a short seller to cover a short sale of common units (please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Treatment of Short Sales”); |
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| • | whether our monthly convention for allocating taxable income and losses is permitted by existing Treasury Regulations (please read “— Disposition of Common Units — Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees”); and |
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| • | whether our method for depreciating Section 743 adjustments is sustainable in certain cases (please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Section 754 Election” and “— Uniformity of Units”). |
Partnership Status
A partnership is not a taxable entity and incurs no federal income tax liability. Instead, each partner of a partnership is required to take into account his share of items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the partnership in computing his federal income tax liability, regardless of whether cash distributions are made to him by the partnership. Distributions by a partnership to a partner are generally not taxable to the partner unless the amount of cash distributed is in excess of the partner’s adjusted basis in his partnership interest.
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Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code provides that publicly traded partnerships will, as a general rule, be taxed as corporations. However, an exception, referred to as the “Qualifying Income Exception,” exists with respect to publicly traded partnerships of which 90 percent or more of the gross income for every taxable year consists of “qualifying income.” Qualifying income includes income and gains derived from the transportation, storage and processing of crude oil, natural gas and products thereof. Other types of qualifying income include interest (other than from a financial business), dividends, gains from the sale of real property and gains from the sale or other disposition of capital assets held for the production of income that otherwise constitutes qualifying income. We estimate that less than 5 percent of our current gross income is not qualifying income; however, this estimate could change from time to time. Based on and subject to this estimate, the factual representations made by us and our general partner and a review of the applicable legal authorities, Andrews Kurth LLP is of the opinion that at least 90 percent of our current gross income constitutes qualifying income. The portion of our income that is qualifying income can change from time to time.
No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS and the IRS has made no determination as to our status for federal income tax purposes or whether our operations generate “qualifying income” under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Instead, we will rely on the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP on such matters. It is the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP that, based upon the Internal Revenue Code, its regulations, published revenue rulings and court decisions and the representations described below, we will be classified as a partnership and the operating company will be disregarded as an entity separate from us for federal income tax purposes.
In rendering its opinion, Andrews Kurth LLP has relied on factual representations made by us and our general partner. The representations made by us and our general partner upon which Andrews Kurth LLP has relied include:
(a) Neither we nor our operating company have elected nor will elect to be treated as a corporation; and
(b) For each taxable year, more than 90 percent of our gross income has been and will be income that Andrews Kurth LLP has opined or will opine is “qualifying income” within the meaning of Section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code.
If we fail to meet the Qualifying Income Exception, other than a failure that is determined by the IRS to be inadvertent and that is cured within a reasonable time after discovery (in which case the IRS may also require us to make adjustments with respect to our unitholders or pay other amounts), we will be treated as if we had transferred all of our assets, subject to liabilities, to a newly formed corporation, on the first day of the year in which we fail to meet the Qualifying Income Exception, in return for stock in that corporation, and then distributed that stock to the unitholders in liquidation of their interests in us. This deemed contribution and liquidation should be tax-free to unitholders and us except to the extent that our liabilities exceed the tax bases of our assets at that time. Thereafter, we would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
If we were taxable as a corporation in any taxable year, either as a result of a failure to meet the Qualifying Income Exception or otherwise, our items of income, gain, loss and deduction would be reflected only on our tax return rather than being passed through to the unitholders, and our net income would be taxed to us at corporate rates. In addition, any distribution made to a unitholder would be treated as either taxable dividend income, to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, or, in the absence of earnings and profits, a nontaxable return of capital, to the extent of the unitholder’s tax basis in his common units, or taxable capital gain, after the unitholder’s tax basis in his common units is reduced to zero. Accordingly, taxation as a corporation would result in a material reduction in a unitholder’s cash flow and after-tax return and thus would likely result in a substantial reduction of the value of the units.
The discussion below is based on Andrews Kurth LLP’s opinion that we will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
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Limited Partner Status
Unitholders who have become limited partners of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. will be treated as partners of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. for federal income tax purposes. Also, unitholders whose common units are held in street name or by a nominee and who have the right to direct the nominee in the exercise of all substantive rights attendant to the ownership of their common units will be treated as partners of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. for federal income tax purposes.
A beneficial owner of common units whose units have been transferred to a short seller to complete a short sale would appear to lose his status as a partner with respect to those units for federal income tax purposes. Please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Treatment of Short Sales.”
Items of our income, gain, loss or deduction are not reportable by a unitholder who is not a partner for federal income tax purposes, and any cash distributions received by a unitholder who is not a partner for federal income tax purposes would therefore be fully taxable as ordinary income. These holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to their status as partners in El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. for federal income tax purposes. The references to “unitholders” in the discussion that follows are to persons who are treated as partners in El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. for federal income tax purposes.
Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership
Flow-Through of Taxable Income. We do not pay any federal income tax. Instead, each unitholder is required to report on his income tax return his share of our income, gains, losses and deductions without regard to whether corresponding cash distributions are received by him. Consequently, we may allocate income to a unitholder even if he has not received a cash distribution. Each unitholder will be required to include in income his allocable share of our income, gains, losses and deductions for our taxable year or years ending with or within his taxable year. Our taxable year ends on December 31.
Treatment of Distributions. Distributions by us to a unitholder generally will not be taxable to the unitholder for federal income tax purposes to the extent of his tax basis in his common units immediately before the distribution. Our cash distributions in excess of a unitholder’s tax basis in his common units generally will be considered to be gain from the sale or exchange of the common units, taxable in accordance with the rules described under “— Disposition of Common Units” below. Any reduction in a unitholder’s share of our liabilities for which no partner, including our general partner, bears the economic risk of loss, known as “non-recourse liabilities,” will be treated as a distribution of cash to that unitholder. To the extent our distributions cause a unitholder’s “at risk” amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year, the unitholder must recapture any losses deducted in previous years. Please read “— Limitations on Deductibility of Losses.”
A decrease in a unitholder’s percentage interest in us because of our issuance of additional common units will decrease his share of our non-recourse liabilities, and thus will result in a corresponding deemed distribution of cash, which may constitute a non-pro rata distribution. A non-pro rata distribution of money or property may result in ordinary income to a unitholder, regardless of his tax basis in his common units, if the distribution reduces the unitholder’s share of our “unrealized receivables,” including depreciation recapture,and/or substantially appreciated “inventory items,” both as defined in Section 751 of the Internal Revenue Code, and collectively, “Section 751 Assets.” To that extent, he will be treated as having been distributed his proportionate share of the Section 751 Assets and having then exchanged those assets with us in return for the non-pro rata portion of the actual distribution made to him. This latter deemed exchange will generally result in the unitholder’s realization of ordinary income, which will equal the excess of the non-pro rata portion of that distribution over the unitholder’s tax basis for the share of Section 751 Assets deemed relinquished in the exchange.
Basis of Common Units. A unitholder’s initial tax basis for his common units will be the amount he paid for the common units plus his share of our non-recourse liabilities. That basis will be increased by his share of our income and by any increases in his share of our non-recourse liabilities. That basis generally will be decreased, but not below zero, by distributions from us, by the unitholder’s share of our losses, by any
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decreases in his share of our non-recourse liabilities and by his share of our expenditures that are not deductible in computing taxable income and are not required to be capitalized. A unitholder will have no share of our debt that is recourse to our general partner, but will have a share, generally based on his share of profits, of our non-recourse liabilities. Please read “— Disposition of Common Units — Recognition of Gain or Loss.”
Limitations on Deductibility of Losses. The deduction by a unitholder of his share of our losses will be limited to the tax basis in his units and, in the case of an individual unitholder or a corporate unitholder, if more than 50 percent of the value of the corporate unitholder’s stock is owned directly or indirectly by or for five or fewer individuals or some tax-exempt organizations, to the amount for which the unitholder is considered to be “at risk” with respect to our activities, if that amount is less than his tax basis. A unitholder must recapture losses deducted in previous years to the extent that distributions cause his at risk amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year. Losses disallowed to a unitholder or recaptured as a result of these limitations will carry forward and will be allowable as a deduction in a later year to the extent that his tax basis or at risk amount, whichever is the limiting factor, is subsequently increased provided such losses are otherwise allowable. Upon the taxable disposition of a unit, any gain recognized by a unitholder can be offset by losses that were previously suspended by the at risk limitation but may not be offset by losses suspended by the basis limitation. Any excess loss above that gain previously suspended by the at risk or basis limitations is no longer utilizable.
In general, a unitholder will be at risk to the extent of the tax basis of his units, excluding any portion of that basis attributable to his share of our non-recourse liabilities, reduced by (i) any portion of that basis representing amounts other than were protected against loss because of a guarantee, stop-loss agreement or other similar arrangement and (ii) any amount of money he borrows to acquire or hold his units, if the lender of those borrowed funds owns an interest in us, is related to the unitholder or can look only to the units for repayment. A unitholder’s at risk amount will increase or decrease as the tax basis of the unitholder’s units increases or decreases, other than tax basis increases or decreases attributable to increases or decreases in his share of our non-recourse liabilities.
The passive loss limitations generally provide that individuals, estates, trusts and some closely-held corporations and personal service corporations are permitted to deduct losses from passive activities, which are generally trade or business activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, only to the extent of the taxpayer’s income from those passive activities. The passive loss limitations are applied separately with respect to each publicly traded partnership. Consequently, any passive losses we generate will only be available to offset our passive income generated in the future and will not be available to offset income from other passive activities or investments, including our investments or investments in other publicly traded partnerships, or a unitholder’s salary or active business income. Passive losses that are not deductible because they exceed a unitholder’s share of income we generate may be deducted in full when the unitholder disposes of his entire investment in us in a fully taxable transaction with an unrelated party. The passive activity loss limitations are applied after other applicable limitations on deductions, including the at risk rules and the basis limitation.
A unitholder’s share of our net income may be offset by any of our suspended passive losses, but it may not be offset by any other current or carryover losses from other passive activities, including those attributable to other publicly traded partnerships.
Limitations on Interest Deductions. The deductibility of a non-corporate taxpayer’s “investment interest expense” is generally limited to the amount of that taxpayer’s “net investment income.” Investment interest expense includes:
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| • | interest on indebtedness properly allocable to property held for investment; |
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| • | our interest expense attributed to portfolio income; and |
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| • | the portion of interest expense incurred to purchase or carry an interest in a passive activity to the extent attributable to portfolio income. |
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The computation of a unitholder’s investment interest expense will take into account interest on any margin account borrowing or other loan incurred to purchase or carry a unit. Net investment income includes gross income from property held for investment and amounts treated as portfolio income under the passive loss rules, less deductible expenses, other than interest, directly connected with the production of investment income, but generally does not include gains attributable to the disposition of property held for investment. The IRS has indicated that net passive income earned by a publicly traded partnership will be treated as investment income to its unitholders. In addition, the unitholder’s share of our portfolio income will be treated as investment income.
Entity-Level Collections. If we are required or elect under applicable law to pay any federal, state, local or foreign income tax on behalf of any unitholder or our general partner or any former unitholder, we are authorized to pay those taxes from our funds. That payment, if made, will be treated as a distribution of cash to the partner on whose behalf the payment was made. If the payment is made on behalf of a person whose identity cannot be determined, we are authorized to treat the payment as a distribution to all current unitholders. We are authorized to amend the partnership agreement in the manner necessary to maintain uniformity of intrinsic tax characteristics of units and to adjust later distributions, so that after giving effect to these distributions, the priority and characterization of distributions otherwise applicable under the partnership agreement is maintained as nearly as is practicable. Payments by us as described above could give rise to an overpayment of tax on behalf of an individual unitholder in which event the unitholder would be required to file a claim in order to obtain a credit or refund.
Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction. In general, if we have a net profit, our items of income, gain, loss and deduction will be allocated among our general partner and the unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in us. At any time that distributions are made to the common units in excess of distributions to the subordinated units, or incentive distributions are made to our general partner, gross income will be allocated to the recipients to the extent of these distributions. If we have a net loss for the entire year, that loss will be allocated first to our general partner and the unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in us to the extent of their positive capital accounts and, second, to our general partner.
Specified items of our income, gain, loss and deduction will be allocated under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code to account for the difference between the tax basis and fair market value of our assets at the time of an offering, referred to in this discussion as “Contributed Property.” These allocations are required to eliminate the difference between a partner’s “book” capital account, credited with the fair market value of Contributed Property, and the “tax” capital account, credited with the tax basis of Contributed Property, referred to in this discussion as the “Book-Tax Disparity.” The effect of these allocations to a unitholder purchasing common units from us in an offering will be essentially the same as if the tax basis of Contributed Property was equal to its fair market value at the time of such offering. In the event we issue additional common units or engage in certain other transactions in the future, “reverse Section 704(c) allocations,” similar to the Section 704(c) allocations described above, will be made to all persons who are holders of partnership interests immediately prior to such other transaction to account for the difference between the “book” basis for purposes of maintaining capital accounts and the fair market value of all property held by us at the time of the future transaction. In addition, items of recapture income will be allocated to the extent possible to the unitholder who was allocated the deduction giving rise to the treatment of that gain as recapture income in order to minimize the recognition of ordinary income by other unitholders. Finally, although we do not expect that our operations will result in the creation of negative capital accounts, if negative capital accounts nevertheless result, items of our income and gain will be allocated in an amount and manner to eliminate the negative balance as quickly as possible.
An allocation of items of our income, gain, loss or deduction, other than an allocation required by Section 704(c), will generally be given effect for federal income tax purposes in determining a partner’s share of an item of income, gain, loss or deduction only if the allocation has substantial economic effect. In any other case, a partner’s share of an item will be determined on the basis of his interest in us, which will be determined by taking into account all the facts and circumstances, including:
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| • | his relative contributions to us; |
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| • | the interests of all the partners in profits and losses; |
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| • | the interest of all the partners in cash flow; and |
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| • | the rights of all the partners to distributions of capital upon liquidation. |
Andrews Kurth LLP is of the opinion that, with the exception of the issues described in “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Section 754 Election,” ‘‘— Uniformity of Units” and “— Disposition of Common Units — Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees,” allocations under our partnership agreement will be given effect for federal income tax purposes in determining a partner’s share of an item of income, gain, loss or deduction.
Treatment of Short Sales. A unitholder whose units are loaned to a “short seller” to cover a short sale of units may be considered as having disposed of those units. If so, he would no longer be a partner for tax purposes with respect to those units during the period of the loan and may recognize gain or loss from the disposition. As a result, during this period:
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| • | any of our income, gain, loss or deduction with respect to those units would not be reportable by the unitholder; |
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| • | any cash distributions received by the unitholder as to those units would be fully taxable; and |
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| • | all of these distributions would appear to be ordinary income. |
Andrews Kurth LLP has not rendered an opinion regarding the treatment of a unitholder where common units are loaned to a short seller to cover a short sale of common units; therefore, unitholders desiring to assure their status as partners and avoid the risk of gain recognition from a loan to a short seller are urged to modify any applicable brokerage account agreements to prohibit their brokers from loaning their units. The IRS has announced that it is studying issues relating to the tax treatment of short sales of partnership interests. Please also read “— Disposition of Common Units — Recognition of Gain or Loss.”
Alternative Minimum Tax. Each unitholder will be required to take into account his distributive share of any items of our income, gain, loss or deduction for purposes of the alternative minimum tax. The current minimum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers is 26 percent on the first $175,000 of alternative minimum taxable income in excess of the exemption amount and 28 percent on any additional alternative minimum taxable income. Prospective unitholders are urged to consult with their tax advisors as to the impact of an investment in units on their liability for the alternative minimum tax.
Tax Rates. In general, the highest effective U.S. federal income tax rate for individuals is currently 35 percent and the maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for net capital gains of an individual is currently 15 percent if the asset disposed of was a capital asset held for more than twelve months at the time of disposition. However, absent new legislation extending the current rates, beginning January 1, 2011, the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and long-term capital gains of individuals will increase to 39.6 percent and 20 percent, respectively.
Section 754 Election. We have made the election permitted by Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code. That election is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS. The election will generally permit us to adjust a common unit purchaser’s tax basis in our assets (“inside basis”) under Section 743(b) of the Internal Revenue Code to reflect his purchase price. This election does not apply to a person who purchases common units directly from us. The Section 743(b) adjustment belongs to the purchaser and not to other unitholders. For purposes of this discussion, a unitholder’s inside basis in our assets will be considered to have two components: (1) his share of our tax basis in our assets (“common basis”) and (2) his Section 743(b) adjustment to that basis.
Treasury Regulations under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code require, if the remedial allocation method is adopted (which we have adopted), a portion of the Section 743(b) adjustment that is attributable to recovery property under Section 168 of the Internal Revenue Code to be depreciated over the remaining cost recovery period for the property’s unamortized Book-Tax Disparity. Under TreasuryRegulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to property subject to depreciation under
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Section 167 of the Internal Revenue Code, rather than cost recovery deductions under Section 168, is generally required to be depreciated using either the straight-line method or the 150 percent declining balance method. Under our partnership agreement, our general partner is authorized to take a position to preserve the uniformity of units even if that position is not consistent with these Treasury Regulations. Please read “— Uniformity of Units.”
Although Andrews Kurth LLP is unable to opine as to the validity of this approach because there is no clear authority on this issue, we intend to depreciate the portion of a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of Contributed Property, to the extent of any unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, using a rate of depreciation or amortization derived from the depreciation or amortization method and useful life applied to the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity of the property, or treat that portion asnon-amortizable to the extent attributable to property which is not amortizable. This method is consistent with the regulations under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code but is arguably inconsistent with TreasuryRegulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), which is not expected to directly apply to a material portion of our assets. To the extent this Section 743(b) adjustment is attributable to appreciation in value in excess of the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, we will apply the rules described in the Treasury Regulations and legislative history. If we determine that this position cannot reasonably be taken, we may take a depreciation or amortization position under which all purchasers acquiring units in the same month would receive depreciation or amortization, whether attributable to common basis or a Section 743(b) adjustment, based upon the same applicable rate as if they had purchased a direct interest in our assets. This kind of aggregate approach may result in lower annual depreciation or amortization deductions than would otherwise be allowable to some unitholders. Please read “— Uniformity of Units.”
A Section 754 election is advantageous if the transferee’s tax basis in his units is higher than the units’ share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer. In that case, as a result of the election, the transferee would have, among other items, a greater amount of depreciation deductions and his share of any gain or loss on a sale of our assets would be less. Conversely, a Section 754 election is disadvantageous if the transferee’s tax basis in his units is lower than those units’ share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer. Thus, the fair market value of the units may be affected either favorably or unfavorably by the election. A basis adjustment is required regardless of whether a Section 754 election is made in the case of a transfer of an interest in us if we have a substantial built-in loss immediately after the transfer, or if we distribute property and have a substantial basis reduction. Generally a basis reduction or a built-in loss is substantial if it exceeds $250,000.
The calculations involved in the Section 754 election are complex and will be made on the basis of assumptions as to the value of our assets and other matters. For example, the allocation of the Section 743(b) adjustment among our assets must be made in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. The IRS could seek to reallocate some or all of any Section 743(b) adjustment we allocated to our tangible assets to goodwill instead. Goodwill, an intangible asset, is generally either nonamortizable or amortizable over a longer period of time or under a less accelerated method than our tangible assets. We cannot assure you that the determinations we make will not be successfully challenged by the IRS and that the deductions resulting from them will not be reduced or disallowed altogether. Should the IRS require a different basis adjustment to be made, and should, in our opinion, the expense of compliance exceed the benefit of the election, we may seek permission from the IRS to revoke our Section 754 election. If permission is granted, a subsequent purchaser of units may be allocated more income than he would have been allocated had the election not been revoked.
Tax Treatment of Operations
Accounting Method and Taxable Year. We use the year ending December 31 as our taxable year and the accrual method of accounting for federal income tax purposes. Each unitholder will be required to include in income his share of our income, gain, loss and deduction for our taxable year or years ending within or with his taxable year. In addition, a unitholder who has a taxable year different than our taxable year and who disposes of all of his units following the close of our taxable year but before the close of his taxable year must include his share of our income, gain, loss and deduction in income for his taxable year, with the result that he will be required to include in income for his taxable year his share of more than one year of our income, gain,
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loss and deduction. Please read “— Disposition of Common Units — Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees.”
Tax Basis, Depreciation and Amortization. We use the tax basis of our assets for purposes of computing depreciation and cost recovery deductions and, ultimately, gain or loss on the disposition of these assets. The federal income tax burden associated with the difference between the fair market value of our assets and their tax basis immediately prior to an offering will be borne by our partners holding interests in us immediately prior to an offering. Please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction.”
To the extent allowable, we may elect to use the depreciation and cost recovery methods that will result in the largest deductions being taken in the early years after assets are placed in-service. Property we subsequently acquire or construct may be depreciated using accelerated methods permitted by the Internal Revenue Code.
If we dispose of depreciable property by sale, foreclosure or otherwise, all or a portion of any gain, determined by reference to the amount of depreciation previously deducted and the nature of the property, may be subject to the recapture rules and taxed as ordinary income rather than capital gain. Similarly, a unitholder who has taken cost recovery or depreciation deductions with respect to property we own will likely be required to recapture some or all of those deductions as ordinary income upon a sale of his interest in us. Please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction” and “— Disposition of Common Units — Recognition of Gain or Loss.”
The costs incurred in selling our units (called “syndication expenses”) must be capitalized and cannot be deducted currently, ratably or upon our termination. There are uncertainties regarding the classification of costs as organization expenses, which we may be able to amortize, and as syndication expenses, which we may not amortize. The underwriting discounts and commissions we incur will be treated as syndication expenses.
Valuation and Tax Basis of Our Properties. The federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of units will depend in part on our estimates of the relative fair market values, and the tax bases, of our assets. Although we may from time to time consult with professional appraisers regarding valuation matters, we will make many of the relative fair market value estimates ourselves. These estimates and determinations of basis are subject to challenge and will not be binding on the IRS or the courts. If the estimates of fair market value or basis are later found to be incorrect, the character and amount of items of income, gain, loss or deductions previously reported by unitholders might change, and unitholders might be required to adjust their tax liability for prior years and incur interest and penalties with respect to those adjustments.
Disposition of Common Units
Recognition of Gain or Loss. Gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of units equal to the difference between the unitholder’s amount realized and the unitholder’s tax basis for the units sold. A unitholder’s amount realized will be measured by the sum of the cash or the fair market value of other property received by him plus his share of our non-recourse liabilities attributable to the common units sold. Because the amount realized includes a unitholder’s share of our non-recourse liabilities, the gain recognized on the sale of units could result in a tax liability in excess of any cash received from the sale.
Prior distributions from us in excess of cumulative net taxable income for a common unit that decreased a unitholder’s tax basis in that common unit will, in effect, become taxable income if the common unit is sold at a price greater than the unitholder’s tax basis in that common unit, even if the price received is less than his original cost.
Except as noted below, gain or loss recognized by a unitholder, other than a “dealer” in units, on the sale or exchange of a unit held for more than one year will generally be taxable as capital gain or loss. Capital gain recognized by an individual on the sale of units held more than twelve months will generally be taxed at a maximum rate of 15 percent through December 31, 2010 and 20 percent thereafter (absent legislation extending the current rate). However, a portion of this gain or loss will be separately computed and taxed as
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ordinary income or loss under Section 751 of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent attributable to assets giving rise to depreciation recapture or other “unrealized receivables” or to “inventory items” we own. The term “unrealized receivables” includes potential recapture items, including depreciation recapture. Ordinary income attributable to unrealized receivables, inventory items and depreciation recapture may exceed net taxable gain realized on the sale of a unit and may be recognized even if there is a net taxable loss realized on the sale of a unit. Thus, a unitholder may recognize both ordinary income and a capital loss upon a sale of units. Net capital losses may offset capital gains and no more than $3,000 of ordinary income, in the case of individuals, and may only be used to offset capital gains in the case of corporations.
The IRS has ruled that a partner who acquires interests in a partnership in separate transactions must combine those interests and maintain a single adjusted tax basis for all those interests. Upon a sale or other disposition of less than all of those interests, a portion of that tax basis must be allocated to the interests sold using an “equitable apportionment” method. Treasury Regulations under Section 1223 of the Internal Revenue Code allow a selling unitholder who can identify common units transferred with an ascertainable holding period to elect to use the actual holding period of the common units transferred. Thus, according to the ruling, a common unitholder will be unable to select high or low basis common units to sell as would be the case with corporate stock, but, according to the regulations, may designate specific common units sold for purposes of determining the holding period of units transferred. A unitholder electing to use the actual holding period of common units transferred must consistently use that identification method for all subsequent sales or exchanges of common units. A unitholder considering the purchase of additional units or a sale of common units purchased in separate transactions is urged to consult his tax advisor as to the possible consequences of this ruling and application of the regulations.
Specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code affect the taxation of some financial products and securities, including partnership interests, by treating a taxpayer as having sold an “appreciated” partnership interest, one in which gain would be recognized if it were sold, assigned or terminated at its fair market value, if the taxpayer or related persons enter(s) into:
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| • | a short sale; |
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| • | an offsetting notional principal contract; or |
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| • | a futures or forward contract with respect to the partnership interest or substantially identical property. |
Moreover, if a taxpayer has previously entered into a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract with respect to the partnership interest, the taxpayer will be treated as having sold that position if the taxpayer or a related person then acquires the partnership interest or substantially identical property. The Secretary of the Treasury is also authorized to issue regulations that treat a taxpayer that enters into transactions or positions that have substantially the same effect as the preceding transactions as having constructively sold the financial position.
Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees. In general, our taxable income or loss will be determined annually, will be prorated on a monthly basis and will be subsequently apportioned among the unitholders in proportion to the number of units owned by each of them as of the opening of the applicable exchange on the first business day of the month, which we refer to in this prospectus as the “Allocation Date.” However, gain or loss realized on a sale or other disposition of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business will be allocated among the unitholders on the Allocation Date in the month in which that gain or loss is recognized. As a result, a unitholder transferring units may be allocated income, gain, loss and deduction realized after the date of transfer.
The use of this method may not be permitted under existing Treasury Regulations. Accordingly, Andrews Kurth LLP is unable to opine on the validity of this method of allocating income and deductions between unitholders. We use this method because it is not administratively feasible to make these allocations on a more frequent basis. If this method is not allowed under the Treasury Regulations, or only applies to transfers of less than all of the unitholder’s interest, our taxable income or losses might be reallocated among the unitholders. We are authorized to revise our method of allocation between unitholders, as well as among
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unitholders whose interests vary during a taxable year, to conform to a method permitted under future Treasury Regulations.
A unitholder who owns units at any time during a quarter and who disposes of them prior to the record date set for a cash distribution for that quarter will be allocated items of our income, gain, loss and deductions attributable to that quarter but will not be entitled to receive that cash distribution.
Notification Requirements. A unitholder who sells any of his units, other than through a broker, generally is required to notify us in writing of that sale within 30 days after the sale (or, if earlier, January 15 of the year following the sale). A purchaser of units who purchases units from another unitholder is required to notify us in writing of that purchase within 30 days after the purchase, unless a broker or nominee will satisfy such requirement. We are required to notify the IRS of any such transfers of units and to furnish specified information to the transferor and transferee. Failure to notify us of a transfer of units may, in some cases, lead to the imposition of penalties.
Constructive Termination. We will be considered to have been terminated for tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50 percent or more of the total interests in our capital and profits within a twelve-month period. A constructive termination results in the closing of our taxable year for all unitholders. In the case of a unitholder reporting on a taxable year different from our taxable year, the closing of our taxable year may result in more than 12 months of our taxable income or loss being includable in his taxable income for the year of termination. We would be required to make new tax elections after a termination, including a new election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code, and a termination would result in a deferral of our deductions for depreciation. A termination could also result in penalties if we were unable to determine that the termination had occurred. Moreover, a termination might either accelerate the application of, or subject us to, any tax legislation enacted before the termination.
Uniformity of Units
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of units, we must maintain uniformity of the economic and tax characteristics of the units to a purchaser of these units. In the absence of uniformity, we may be unable to completely comply with a number of federal income tax requirements, both statutory and regulatory. A lack of uniformity can result from a literal application of TreasuryRegulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6). Any non uniformity could have a negative impact on the value of the units. Please read ‘‘— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Section 754 Election.”
We depreciate the portion of a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of Contributed Property, to the extent of any unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, using a rate of depreciation or amortization derived from the depreciation or amortization method and useful life applied to the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity of that property, or treat that portion as nonamortizable, to the extent attributable to property which is not amortizable, consistent with the regulations under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code, even though that position may be inconsistent with Treasury RegulationSection 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), which is not expected to directly apply to a material portion of our assets. Please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Section 754 Election.” To the extent that the Section 743(b) adjustment is attributable to appreciation in value in excess of the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, we will apply the rules described in the Treasury Regulations and legislative history. If we determine that this position cannot reasonably be taken, we may adopt a depreciation and amortization position under which all purchasers acquiring units in the same month would receive depreciation and amortization deductions, whether attributable to a common basis or Section 743(b) adjustment, based upon the same applicable rate as if they had purchased a direct interest in our property. If this position is adopted, it may result in lower annual depreciation and amortization deductions than would otherwise be allowable to some unitholders and risk the loss of depreciation and amortization deductions not taken in the year that these deductions are otherwise allowable. This position will not be adopted if we determine that the loss of depreciation and amortization deductions will have a material adverse effect on the unitholders. If we choose not to utilize this aggregate method, we may use any other reasonable depreciation and amortization method to preserve the uniformity of the intrinsic tax characteristics of any units that would not have a material adverse effect on the unitholders.
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Our counsel, Andrews Kurth LLP, is unable to opine on the validity of any of these positions. The IRS may challenge any method of depreciating the Section 743(b) adjustment described in this paragraph. If this challenge were sustained, the uniformity of units might be affected, and the gain from the sale of units might be increased without the benefit of additional deductions. We do not believe these allocations will affect any material items of income, gain, loss or deduction. Please read “— Disposition of Common Units — Recognition of Gain or Loss.”
Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors
Ownership of units by employee benefit plans, other tax-exempt organizations, non-resident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign persons raises issues unique to those investors and, as described below, may have substantially adverse tax consequences to them.
Employee benefit plans and most other organizations exempt from federal income tax, including individual retirement accounts and other retirement plans, are subject to federal income tax on unrelated business taxable income. Virtually all of our income allocated to a unitholder that is a tax-exempt organization will be unrelated business taxable income and will be taxable to them.
A regulated investment company or “mutual fund” is required to derive 90 percent or more of its gross income from certain permitted sources. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 generally treats net income from the ownership of publicly traded partnerships as derived from such a permitted source. We anticipate that all of our net income will be treated as derived from such a permitted source.
Non-resident aliens and foreign corporations, trusts or estates that own units will be considered to be engaged in business in the U.S. because of the ownership of units. As a consequence, they will be required to file federal tax returns to report their share of our income, gain, loss or deduction and pay federal income tax at regular rates on their share of our net income or gain. Moreover, under rules applicable to publicly traded partnerships, we will withhold tax at the highest applicable effective tax rate from cash distributions made quarterly to foreign unitholders. Each foreign unitholder must obtain a taxpayer identification number from the IRS and submit that number to our transfer agent on aForm W-8BEN or applicable substitute form in order to obtain credit for these withholding taxes. A change in applicable law may require us to change these procedures.
In addition, because a foreign corporation that owns units will be treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business, that corporation may be subject to the U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of 30 percent, in addition to regular federal income tax, on its share of our income and gain, as adjusted for changes in the foreign corporation’s “U.S. net equity,” that is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business. That tax may be reduced or eliminated by an income tax treaty between the U.S. and the country in which the foreign corporate unitholder is a “qualified resident.” In addition, this type of unitholder is subject to special information reporting requirements under Section 6038C of the Internal Revenue Code.
Under a ruling of the IRS, a foreign unitholder who sells or otherwise disposes of a unit will be subject to federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or disposition of that unit to the extent that this gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the foreign unitholder. Because a foreign unitholder is considered to be engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. by virtue of the ownership of the common units, under this ruling, a foreign unitholder who sells or otherwise disposes of a unit generally will be subject to federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the common units. Apart from the ruling, a foreign unitholder will not be taxed or subject to withholding upon the sale or disposition of a unit if he has owned less than 5 percent in value of the units during the five-year period ending on the date of the disposition and if the units are regularly traded on an established securities market at the time of the sale or disposition.
Administrative Matters
Information Returns and Audit Procedures. We intend to furnish to each unitholder, within 90 days after the close of each taxable year, specific tax information, including aSchedule K-1, which describes each
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unitholder’s share of our income, gain, loss and deduction for our preceding taxable year. In preparing this information, which will not be reviewed by counsel, we will take various accounting and reporting positions, some of which have been mentioned earlier, to determine each unitholder’s share of income, gain, loss and deduction. We cannot assure you that those positions will yield a result that conforms to the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, Treasury Regulations or administrative interpretations of the IRS. Neither we nor Andrews Kurth LLP can assure prospective unitholders that the IRS will not successfully contend in court that those positions are impermissible. Any challenge by the IRS could negatively affect the value of the units.
The IRS may audit our federal income tax information returns. Adjustments resulting from an IRS audit may require each unitholder to adjust a prior year’s tax liability, and possibly may result in an audit of his return. Any audit of a unitholder’s return could result in adjustments not related to our returns as well as those related to our returns.
Partnerships generally are treated as separate entities for purposes of federal tax audits, judicial review of administrative adjustments by the IRS and tax settlement proceedings. The tax treatment of partnership items of income, gain, loss and deduction is determined in a partnership proceeding rather than in separate proceedings with the partners. The Internal Revenue Code requires that one partner be designated as the “Tax Matters Partner” for these purposes. The partnership agreement names our general partner as our Tax Matters Partner.
The Tax Matters Partner will make some elections on our behalf and on behalf of unitholders. In addition, the Tax Matters Partner can extend the statute of limitations for assessment of tax deficiencies against unitholders for items in our returns. The Tax Matters Partner may bind a unitholder with less than a one percent profits interest in us to a settlement with the IRS unless that unitholder elects, by filing a statement with the IRS, not to give that authority to the Tax Matters Partner. The Tax Matters Partner may seek judicial review, by which all the unitholders are bound, of a final partnership administrative adjustment and, if the Tax Matters Partner fails to seek judicial review, judicial review may be sought by any unitholder having at least a 1 percent interest in profits or by any group of unitholders having in the aggregate at least a 5 percent interest in profits. However, only one action for judicial review will go forward, and each unitholder with an interest in the outcome may participate in that action.
A unitholder must file a statement with the IRS identifying the treatment of any item on his federal income tax return that is not consistent with the treatment of the item on our return. Intentional or negligent disregard of this consistency requirement may subject a unitholder to substantial penalties.
Nominee Reporting. Persons who hold an interest in us as a nominee for another person are required to furnish to us:
(a) the name, address and taxpayer identification number of the beneficial owner and the nominee;
(b) a statement regarding whether the beneficial owner is:
1. a person that is not a U.S. person;
2. a foreign government, an international organization or any wholly owned agency or instrumentality of either of the foregoing; or
3. a tax-exempt entity;
(c) the amount and description of units held, acquired or transferred for the beneficial owner; and
(d) specific information including the dates of acquisitions and transfers, means of acquisitions and transfers, and acquisition cost for purchases, as well as the amount of net proceeds from sales.
Brokers and financial institutions are required to furnish additional information, including whether they are U.S. persons and specific information on units they acquire, hold or transfer for their own account. A penalty of $50 per failure, up to a maximum of $100,000 per calendar year, is imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for failure to report that information to us. The nominee is required to supply the beneficial owner of the units with the information furnished to us.
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Accuracy-Related Penalties. An additional tax equal to 20 percent of the amount of any portion of an underpayment of tax that is attributable to one or more specified causes, including negligence or disregard of rules or regulations, substantial understatements of income tax and substantial valuation misstatements, is imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. No penalty will be imposed, however, for any portion of an underpayment if it is shown that there was a reasonable cause for that portion and that the taxpayer acted in good faith regarding that portion.
For individuals, a substantial understatement of income tax in any taxable year exists if the amount of the understatement exceeds the greater of 10 percent of the tax required to be shown on the return for the taxable year or $5,000. The amount of any understatement subject to penalty generally is reduced if any portion is attributable to a position adopted on the return:
(1) for which there is, or was, “substantial authority”; or
(2) as to which there is a reasonable basis if the pertinent facts of that position are adequately disclosed on the return.
If any item of income, gain, loss or deduction included in the distributive shares of unitholders might result in that kind of an “understatement” of income for which no “substantial authority” exists, we must disclose the pertinent facts on our return. In addition, we will make a reasonable effort to furnish sufficient information for unitholders to make adequate disclosure on their returns to avoid liability for this penalty. More stringent rules apply to “tax shelters,” but we believe we are not a tax shelter.
A substantial valuation misstatement exists if the value of any property, or the adjusted basis of any property, claimed on a tax return is 150 percent or more of the amount determined to be the correct amount of the valuation or adjusted basis. For individuals, no penalty is imposed unless the portion of the underpayment attributable to a substantial valuation misstatement exceeds $5,000. If the valuation claimed on a return is 200 percent or more than the correct valuation, the penalty imposed increases to 40 percent.
Reportable Transactions. If we were to engage in a “reportable transaction,” we (and possibly you and others) would be required to make a detailed disclosure of the transaction to the IRS. A transaction may be a reportable transaction based upon any of several factors, including the fact that it is a type of tax avoidance transaction publicly identified by the IRS as a “listed transaction” or a “transaction of interest” or that it produces certain kinds of losses in excess of $2 million in any single year, or $4 million in any combination of six successive tax years. Our participation in a reportable transaction could increase the likelihood that our federal income tax information return (and possibly your tax return) would be audited by the IRS. Please read “— Information Returns and Audit Procedures” above.
Moreover, if we were to participate in a reportable transaction with a significant purpose to avoid or evade tax, or in any listed transaction, you may be subject to the following provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004:
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| • | accuracy-related penalties with a broader scope, significantly narrower exceptions, and potentially greater amounts than described above at “— Accuracy-Related Penalties,” |
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| • | for those persons otherwise entitled to deduct interest on federal tax deficiencies, nondeductibility of interest on any resulting tax liability, and |
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| • | in the case of a listed transaction, an extended statute of limitations. |
We do not expect to engage in any “reportable transactions.”
State, Local and Other Tax Considerations
In addition to federal income taxes, you likely will be subject to other taxes, such as state and local income taxes, unincorporated business taxes, and estate, inheritance or intangible taxes that may be imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we do business or own property or in which you are a resident. Although an analysis of those various taxes is not presented here, each prospective unitholder should consider their potential impact on his investment in us. We own property or do business in Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia,
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Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. Each of these states, other than Florida, Texas and Wyoming, currently imposes a personal income tax on individuals. Most of these states also impose an income tax on corporations and other entities. We may also own property or do business in other jurisdictions in the future. Although you may not be required to file a return and pay taxes in some jurisdictions if your income from that jurisdiction falls below the filing and payment requirement, you will be required to file income tax returns and to pay income taxes in many of these jurisdictions in which we do business or own property and may be subject to penalties for failure to comply with those requirements. In some jurisdictions, tax losses may not produce a tax benefit in the year incurred and may not be available to offset income in subsequent taxable years. Some of the jurisdictions may require us, or we may elect, to withhold a percentage of income from amounts to be distributed to a unitholder who is not a resident of the jurisdiction. Withholding, the amount of which may be greater or less than a particular unitholder’s income tax liability to the jurisdiction, generally does not relieve a nonresident unitholder from the obligation to file an income tax return. Amounts withheld will be treated as if distributed to unitholders for purposes of determining the amounts distributed by us. Please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership — Entity-Level Collections.” Based on current law and our estimate of our future operations, our general partner anticipates that any amounts required to be withheld will not be material.
It is the responsibility of each unitholder to investigate the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent jurisdictions, of his investment in us. Accordingly, each prospective unitholder is urged to consult, and depend on, his own tax counsel or other advisor with regard to those matters. Further, it is the responsibility of each unitholder to file all state and local, as well as U.S. federal tax returns, that may be required of him. Andrews Kurth LLP has not rendered an opinion on the state, local or foreign tax consequences of an investment in us.
Tax Consequences of Ownership of Debt Securities
A description of the material federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of debt securities will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the offering of debt securities.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities being offered hereby directly to purchasers, through agents, through underwriters or through dealers.
We, or agents designated by us, may directly solicit, from time to time, offers to purchase the securities. Any such agent may be deemed to be an underwriter as that term is defined in the Securities Act. We will name the agents involved in the offer or sale of the securities and describe any commissions payable by us to these agents in the prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, these agents will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of their appointment. The agents may be entitled under agreements they may enter into with us to indemnification by us against specified civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. The agents may also be our customers or may engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
If we use any underwriters in the sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered, we will enter into an underwriting agreement with those underwriters at the time of sale to them. We will set forth the names of the underwriters and the terms of the transaction in a prospectus supplement, which will be used by the underwriters to make resales of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered to the public. We may indemnify the underwriters under the underwriting agreement against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. The underwriters may also be our customers or may engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
If we use a dealer in the sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered, we will sell those securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. We may indemnify the dealers against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. The dealers may also be our customers or may engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
We may also sell common units and debt securities directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We may use electronic media, including the Internet, to sell offered securities directly.
The aggregate maximum compensation the underwriters will receive in connection with the sale of any securities under this prospectus and the registration statement of which it forms a part will not exceed 10% of the gross proceeds from the sale.
Because the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) views our common units as interests in a direct participation program, any offering of common units under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part will be made in compliance with Rule 2810 of the National Association of Securities Dealers Conduct Rules.
To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a particular plan of distribution. The place and time of delivery for the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered will be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement.
In connection with offerings of securities under the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, and in compliance with applicable law, underwriters, brokers or dealers may engage in transactions that stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at levels above those that might otherwise prevail in the open market. Specifically, underwriters, brokers or dealers may over-allot in connection with offerings, creating a short position in the securities for their own accounts. For the purpose of covering a syndicate short position or stabilizing the price of the securities, the underwriters, brokers or dealers may place bids for the securities or effect purchases of the securities in the open market. Finally, the underwriters may impose a penalty whereby selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other brokers or dealers for distribution of the securities in offerings may be reclaimed by the syndicate if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed securities in transactions to cover short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. These activities may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the securities, which may be higher than the price that might otherwise prevail in the open market, and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the securities will be passed upon by Andrews Kurth LLP, as our counsel. Any underwriter will be advised about other issues relating to any offering by its own legal counsel.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007, appearing in El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P.’s Annual Report(Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2007, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated statements of income, partners’ capital and cash flows of El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2005 incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of such firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The consolidated financial statements of Colorado Interstate Gas Company at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007 appearing in Colorado Interstate Gas Company’s Annual Report(Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2007 (including schedule appearing therein), have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated financial statements of Southern Natural Gas Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007 appearing in Southern Natural Gas Company’s Annual Report(Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2007 (including schedule appearing therein), have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference, which is based in part on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. The financial statements referred to above are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firms as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated statements of income, partners’ capital/stockholder’s equity and cash flows of Colorado Interstate Gas Company for the year ended December 31, 2005 and related financial statement schedule incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report onForm 10-K of Colorado Interstate Gas Company for the year ended December 31, 2007 which is incorporated by reference in El Paso Pipeline Partners L.P.’s Current Report onForm 8-K/A dated December 12, 2008, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The consolidated statements of income, partners’ capital/stockholder’s equity and cash flows of Southern Natural Gas Company for the year ended December 31, 2005 and related financial statement schedule incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report onForm 10-K of Southern Natural Gas Company for the year ended December 31, 2007 which is incorporated by reference in El Paso Pipeline Partners L.P.’s Current Report onForm 8-K/A dated December 12, 2008, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The consolidated financial statements of Citrus Corp. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 included in the Southern Natural Gas Company Annual Report onForm 10-K which is incorporated by reference in El Paso Pipeline Partners L.P.’s Current Report onForm 8-K/A dated December 12, 2008, and incorporated in this prospectus, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement onForm S-3 regarding the common units. This prospectus does not contain all of the information found in the registration statement. For further information regarding us and the common units offered by this prospectus, you may desire to review the full registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules, filed under the Securities Act. The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, including its exhibits and schedules, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of the materials may also be obtained from the SEC at prescribed rates by writing to the public reference room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC maintains a web site on the Internet athttp://www.sec.gov.Our registration statement, of which this prospectus constitutes a part, can be downloaded from the SEC’s web site and can also be inspected and copied at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
We file with or furnish to the SEC periodic reports and other information. These reports and other information may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC or obtained from the SEC’s website as provided above. Our website on the Internet is located atwww.eppipelinepartners.comand we make our periodic reports and other information filed with or furnished to the SEC available, free of charge, through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports and other information are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus.
We intend to furnish or make available to our unitholders annual reports containing our audited financial statements and furnish or make available to our unitholders quarterly reports containing our unaudited interim financial information, including the information required byForm 10-Q, for the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this document. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the previously filed information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, excluding information deemed to be furnished and not filed with the SEC, until all the securities are sold:
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| • | Annual Report onForm 10-K (FileNo. 001-33825) for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on March 6, 2008; |
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| • | Quarterly Reports onForm 10-Q (FileNo. 001-33825) for the quarters ended March 31, 2008, filed on May 9, 2008; June 30, 2008, filed on August 8, 2008; and September 30, 2008, filed on November 10, 2008; |
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| • | Current Reports onForm 8-K orForm 8-K/A (File No.001-33825) filed on January 29, 2008, February 26, 2008, May 8, 2008, May 15, 2008, July 28, 2008, August 6, 2008, September 17, 2008, September 23, 2008, October 6, 2008, November 6, 2008, December 15, 2008 and January 7, 2009; and |
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| • | The description of our common units contained in our registration statement onForm 8-A (FileNo. 001-33825), filed on November 13, 2007. |
All documents filed by us under the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement shall also be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Each of these documents is available from the SEC’s website and public reference rooms described above. Through our website,http://www.eppipelinepartners.com, you can access electronic copies of documents we file with the SEC, including our annual reports onForm 10-K, quarterly reports onForm 10-Q and current reports onForm 8-K and any amendments to those reports. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Access to those electronic filings is available as soon as reasonably practical after filing with the SEC. You may also request a copy of those filings, excluding exhibits, at no cost by writing or telephoning Investor Relations, El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P., at our principal executive office, which is: El Paso Building, 1001 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002; Telephone:(713) 420-2600.
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