Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
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The accompanying unaudited financial information as of March 31, 2014, for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, and for the period from January 5, 2007 (Inception) to March 31, 2014 has been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2013 balance sheet was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for 2013, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2014. |
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In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information as of March 31, 2014, for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, and for the period from January 5, 2007 (Inception) to March 31, 2014, reflects all adjustments, which are normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present a fair statement of financial position, results or operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future period. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s Balance Sheets and the amount of expenses reported for each of the periods presented are affected by estimates and assumptions, which are used for, but not limited to, accounting for share-based compensation and accounting for research and development costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates their fair value. |
Available for Sale Securities | ' |
Available for Sale Securities |
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The Company considers securities with original maturities of greater than three months to be available for sale securities. Securities under this classification are recorded at fair market value and unrealized gains and losses within accumulated other comprehensive income. The estimated fair value of the available for sale securities is determined based on quoted market prices or rates for similar instruments. In addition, the cost of debt securities in this category is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity. The Company evaluates securities with unrealized losses to determine whether such losses, if any, are other than temporary. |
Concentration of Credit Risk | ' |
Concentration of Credit Risk |
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The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and available for sale securities. The Company maintains its cash in bank accounts, which, at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash equivalents in money market funds that invest primarily in U.S. Treasury securities. The Company’s available for sale securities are also invested in U.S. Treasury securities. The Company has not recognized any losses from credit risks on such accounts during any of the periods presented. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk on its cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities. |
Foreign Currency Translation | ' |
Foreign Currency Translation |
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The Company maintains a bank account in a foreign currency. The Company considers the U.S. dollar to be its functional currency. Expenses are translated at the exchange rate on the date the expense is incurred. The effect of exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars is included in the Statements of Operations. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are included in the results of operations and are not material in the Company’s financial statements. |
Property and Equipment | ' |
Property and Equipment |
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Property and equipment, which consist mainly of computers and other equipment, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally five to ten years, using the straight-line method. |
Research and Development | ' |
Research and Development |
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Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with the development and clinical testing of Fovista, an anti-Platelet Derived Growth Factor (“PDGF”) aptamer the Company is developing for use in combination with anti-VEGF drugs for treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration, or wet AMD, Zimura, an inhibitor of complement factor C5 the Company is developing with a focus on treatment of patients with geographic atrophy, a severe form of dry AMD, and the Company’s other product candidates. Research and development expenses consist of: |
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· external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations, (“CROs”) and other vendors, contract manufacturing organizations and consultants; and |
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· employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense. |
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Research and development costs also include costs of acquired product licenses and related technology rights where there is no alternative future use, prototypes used in research and development, consultant fees and amounts paid to collaborative partners. |
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All research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development. The Company accounts for non-refundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expenses when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when the payment is made. |
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The Company anticipates that its research and development expenses will increase substantially as compared to prior periods in connection with conducting its pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista and if such trials are successful, seeking marketing approval for Fovista. The Company also anticipates that its research and development expenses will increase substantially as a result of its plan to initiate a Phase 2/3 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zimura monotherapy in patients with geographic atrophy in late 2014 or early 2015. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
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The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes, as set forth in ASC 740-10, Income Taxes-Overall. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established against net deferred tax assets because, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded a benefit or provision for income taxes other than for the sale of a portion of its unused New Jersey State operating loss carryforwards through a program sponsored by the State of New Jersey and the New Jersey Economic Development Authority in 2011. The Company’s U.S. federal net operating losses have occurred since inception and as such, tax years subject to potential tax examination could apply from that date because carrying-back net operating loss opens the relevant year to audit. |
Share-Based Compensation | ' |
Share-Based Compensation |
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The Company follows the provisions of the ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and non-employee directors, including employee stock options. Share-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and is generally recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. |
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For stock options granted as consideration for services rendered by non-employees, the Company recognizes expense in accordance with the requirements of ASC 505-50, Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees. Non-employee option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period of the underlying stock options. At the end of each financial reporting period prior to vesting, the value of these options, as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, will be re-measured using the fair value of the Company’s common stock and the non-cash expense recognized during the period will be adjusted accordingly. Since the fair value of options granted to non-employees is subject to change in the future, the amount of the future expense will include fair value re-measurements until the stock options are fully vested. |
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Prior to the Company’s initial public offering, the Company determined the estimated fair value of its common stock based on a number of objective and subjective factors, including external market conditions affecting the biotechnology industry sector and the prices at which the Company sold shares of its common and preferred stock. |
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Due to the lack of trading history, the Company’s computation of stock-price volatility was based on the volatility rates of comparable publicly held companies over a period equal to the expected term of the options granted by the Company. The Company’s computation of expected term was determined using the “simplified” method which is the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. The Company believes that it does not have sufficient reliable exercise data in order to justify the use of a method other than the “simplified” method of estimating the expected exercise term of employee stock option grants. The Company has paid no dividends to stockholders. The risk-free interest rate is based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield at the date of grant for a term equivalent to the expected term of the option. |
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Share-based compensation expense includes stock options granted to employees and non-employees and has been reported in the Company’s Statements of Operations as follows: |
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| | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | 2014 | | 2013 | |
Research and development | | $ | 1,662 | | $ | 68 | |
General and administrative | | 1,067 | | 40 | |
Total | | $ | 2,729 | | $ | 108 | |
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JOBS Act | ' |
JOBS Act |
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As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, the Company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to delay the adoption of such new or revised accounting standards. As a result of this election, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of other public companies. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-02, Comprehensive Income: Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2013-02”). ASU 2013-02 requires an entity to present the effect of certain significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income. The amendments in ASU 2013-02 do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. ASU 2013-02 is effective for public companies on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012 and for new public companies and for non-public companies for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. As an emerging growth company as defined by the JOBS Act, the Company delayed adoption of this pronouncement until this reporting period. The Company has not reclassified any components of comprehensive income into net income for the periods presented. ASU 2013-02 requires only additional presentation and as such, there was no impact to the Company’s results of operations or financial position upon adoption. |