UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-34569
Ellington Financial LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 26-0489289 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
53 Forest Avenue, Old Greenwich, Connecticut 06870 | ||
(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code) |
(203) 698-1200
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer | ¨ | Accelerated Filer | x |
Non-Accelerated Filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | ¨ | Smaller Reporting Company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class | Outstanding at August 1, 2014 | |
Common Shares Representing Limited Liability Company Interests, no par value | 25,441,750 |
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
INDEX
Part I. Financial Information | ||
Part II. Other Information | ||
PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
June 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||||
(In thousands except share amounts) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 145,032 | $ | 183,489 | |||
Investments, financial derivatives, and repurchase agreements: | |||||||
Investments, at fair value (Cost – $1,693,248 and $1,688,257) | 1,753,832 | 1,730,130 | |||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value (Net cost – $54,200 and $50,533) | 59,470 | 59,664 | |||||
Repurchase agreements (Cost – $30,537 and $27,943) | 30,537 | 27,962 | |||||
Total investments, financial derivatives, and repurchase agreements | 1,843,839 | 1,817,756 | |||||
Due from brokers | 109,863 | 82,571 | |||||
Receivable for securities sold | 813,166 | 883,005 | |||||
Interest and principal receivable | 7,618 | 6,831 | |||||
Other assets | 1,709 | 1,546 | |||||
Total Assets | $ | 2,921,227 | $ | 2,975,198 | |||
LIABILITIES | |||||||
Investments and financial derivatives: | |||||||
Investments sold short, at fair value (Proceeds – $846,217 and $847,602) | $ | 852,846 | $ | 845,614 | |||
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value (Net proceeds – $28,981 and $29,746) | 48,378 | 44,791 | |||||
Total investments and financial derivatives | 901,224 | 890,405 | |||||
Reverse repurchase agreements | 1,188,831 | 1,236,166 | |||||
Due to brokers | 27,479 | 19,762 | |||||
Payable for securities purchased | 164,792 | 193,047 | |||||
Securitized debt (Proceeds – $906 and $980) | 925 | 983 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 2,209 | 1,810 | |||||
Base management fee payable | 2,368 | 2,364 | |||||
Incentive fee payable | — | 3,091 | |||||
Interest and dividends payable | 2,276 | 1,521 | |||||
Total Liabilities | 2,290,104 | 2,349,149 | |||||
EQUITY | 631,123 | 626,049 | |||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 2,921,227 | $ | 2,975,198 | |||
ANALYSIS OF EQUITY: | |||||||
Common shares, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; | |||||||
(25,441,750 and 25,428,186 shares issued and outstanding) | $ | 614,862 | $ | 611,282 | |||
Additional paid-in capital – LTIP units | 9,245 | 9,119 | |||||
Total Shareholders' Equity | 624,107 | 620,401 | |||||
Non-controlling interests | 7,016 | 5,648 | |||||
Total Equity | $ | 631,123 | $ | 626,049 | |||
PER SHARE INFORMATION: | |||||||
Common shares | $ | 24.53 | $ | 24.40 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Long Investments (277.89%) (a) (w) (y) (z) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities (255.12%) | ||||||||||||
Agency Securities (173.68%) (b) | ||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Agency Securities (166.43%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (142.75%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 26,584 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 10/42 | $ | 27,404 | ||||||
17,479 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 18,630 | ||||||||
15,629 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 16,641 | ||||||||
14,885 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 8/41 | 16,562 | ||||||||
12,868 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 13,705 | ||||||||
12,461 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 1/44 | 13,652 | ||||||||
11,924 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 3/41 | 13,387 | ||||||||
10,359 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 11,237 | ||||||||
9,780 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/44 | 10,430 | ||||||||
9,116 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 2/44 | 9,923 | ||||||||
9,263 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 7/43 | 9,824 | ||||||||
9,036 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 9,609 | ||||||||
6,736 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 3/44 | 7,561 | ||||||||
7,190 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 7,424 | ||||||||
6,969 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 3/28 | 7,408 | ||||||||
6,664 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 7,255 | ||||||||
6,583 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 2/44 | 7,211 | ||||||||
6,871 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 7,084 | ||||||||
6,587 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/26 | 7,002 | ||||||||
6,242 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 7/44 | 6,643 | ||||||||
5,690 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.50% | 10/39 | 6,369 | ||||||||
5,673 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 2/44 | 6,224 | ||||||||
5,832 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 6,219 | ||||||||
5,835 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 6,205 | ||||||||
5,826 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 6,199 | ||||||||
5,733 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 1/44 | 6,100 | ||||||||
5,518 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.46% | 2/63 | 6,075 | ||||||||
5,409 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 3/44 | 6,071 | ||||||||
5,648 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 5,994 | ||||||||
5,371 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 5,993 | ||||||||
5,358 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.54% | 11/62 | 5,899 | ||||||||
5,884 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 1/43 | 5,829 | ||||||||
5,462 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/44 | 5,818 | ||||||||
5,459 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 5/44 | 5,809 | ||||||||
5,461 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 12/28 | 5,803 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (142.75%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 5,457 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 5/29 | $ | 5,785 | ||||||
5,244 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.60% | 6/62 | 5,759 | ||||||||
5,294 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 11/43 | 5,748 | ||||||||
5,136 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/43 | 5,632 | ||||||||
5,174 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.63% | 6/61 | 5,625 | ||||||||
5,171 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/44 | 5,494 | ||||||||
5,089 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 5/44 | 5,424 | ||||||||
4,945 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 6/44 | 5,378 | ||||||||
4,982 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 1/44 | 5,314 | ||||||||
4,861 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 1/43 | 5,169 | ||||||||
4,706 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 1/44 | 5,161 | ||||||||
4,514 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 1/44 | 5,035 | ||||||||
4,708 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/44 | 5,017 | ||||||||
4,544 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 4,974 | ||||||||
4,472 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 2/44 | 4,882 | ||||||||
4,429 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 4,856 | ||||||||
4,446 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 5/44 | 4,841 | ||||||||
4,528 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 2/44 | 4,824 | ||||||||
4,442 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 8/43 | 4,823 | ||||||||
4,537 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 4,817 | ||||||||
4,477 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/42 | 4,760 | ||||||||
4,446 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 5/29 | 4,721 | ||||||||
4,284 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.75% | 1/61 | 4,628 | ||||||||
4,277 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 7/26 | 4,546 | ||||||||
4,030 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 4,502 | ||||||||
4,111 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 3/44 | 4,488 | ||||||||
4,195 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 4,471 | ||||||||
4,156 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/44 | 4,422 | ||||||||
4,005 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/44 | 4,352 | ||||||||
4,097 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 2/29 | 4,343 | ||||||||
3,952 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.69% | 7/61 | 4,311 | ||||||||
3,837 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 4,299 | ||||||||
4,183 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 4,284 | ||||||||
3,783 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 1/44 | 4,273 | ||||||||
3,827 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/40 | 4,265 | ||||||||
3,826 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/43 | 4,257 | ||||||||
3,868 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/33 | 4,165 | ||||||||
3,898 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 10/43 | 4,138 | ||||||||
3,812 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.80% | 2/61 | 4,128 | ||||||||
3,687 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 4,119 | ||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (142.75%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 3,694 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/43 | $ | 4,036 | ||||||
3,650 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 6/44 | 3,955 | ||||||||
3,565 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/43 | 3,910 | ||||||||
3,638 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 5/44 | 3,880 | ||||||||
3,571 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/29 | 3,796 | ||||||||
3,564 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,790 | ||||||||
3,412 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.66% | 1/63 | 3,780 | ||||||||
3,776 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 3/43 | 3,736 | ||||||||
3,467 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,687 | ||||||||
3,375 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 3,673 | ||||||||
3,485 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 3/28 | 3,617 | ||||||||
3,643 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 2/43 | 3,607 | ||||||||
3,283 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.67% | 10/61 | 3,589 | ||||||||
3,248 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 3,542 | ||||||||
3,014 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/35 | 3,406 | ||||||||
3,035 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 12/40 | 3,392 | ||||||||
3,271 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 1/43 | 3,373 | ||||||||
3,275 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 3,366 | ||||||||
3,159 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 5/44 | 3,363 | ||||||||
3,071 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.68% | 10/61 | 3,354 | ||||||||
2,959 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/43 | 3,343 | ||||||||
3,139 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 4/44 | 3,341 | ||||||||
3,008 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.54% | 2/60 | 3,304 | ||||||||
3,099 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,300 | ||||||||
2,974 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 9/43 | 3,260 | ||||||||
3,063 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/26 | 3,259 | ||||||||
3,050 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/44 | 3,244 | ||||||||
3,016 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 12/33 | 3,243 | ||||||||
2,966 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/42 | 3,223 | ||||||||
2,907 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 5/44 | 3,179 | ||||||||
2,973 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/28 | 3,160 | ||||||||
154,289 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 3.00% - 6.00% | 9/28 - 7/44 | 166,581 | ||||||||
99,122 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pools | 3.00% - 6.00% | 9/28 - 7/44 | 105,423 | ||||||||
8,213 | Other Government National Mortgage Association Pools | 4.49% - 4.68% | 11/61-11/62 | 9,021 | ||||||||
900,962 | ||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Interest Only - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (2.39%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 73,382 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 3.00% - 5.50% | 12/20 - 6/43 | $ | 9,693 | ||||||
26,278 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 3.00% - 5.50% | 12/32 - 1/43 | 3,856 | ||||||||
9,752 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 3.00% - 4.75% | 7/40 - 11/42 | 1,550 | ||||||||
15,099 | ||||||||||||
TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (21.29%) | ||||||||||||
102,718 | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.00% | 7/14 | 101,482 | ||||||||
33,320 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 3.00% | 7/14 | 32,865 | ||||||||
134,347 | ||||||||||||
Total Fixed Rate Agency Securities (Cost $1,036,869) | 1,050,408 | |||||||||||
Floating Rate Agency Securities (7.25%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Floating Rate Agency Securities (3.90%) | ||||||||||||
5,695 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.22% | 2/44 | 5,884 | ||||||||
5,087 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.92% | 4/38 | 5,431 | ||||||||
7,574 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 4.73% - 6.05% | 9/35 - 9/37 | 8,091 | ||||||||
4,921 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pools | 3.32% - 5.90% | 6/37 - 5/44 | 5,186 | ||||||||
24,592 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only - Floating Rate Agency Securities (3.35%) | ||||||||||||
118,995 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 1.65% - 6.60% | 11/42 - 8/63 | 12,674 | ||||||||
23,544 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 5.50% - 6.60% | 8/36 - 7/43 | 4,248 | ||||||||
16,178 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 5.85% - 6.55% | 11/38 - 8/39 | 1,951 | ||||||||
21,851 | Resecuritization of Government National Mortgage Association (x) | 4.35% | 8/60 | 2,268 | ||||||||
21,141 | ||||||||||||
Total Floating Rate Agency Securities (Cost $44,292) | 45,733 | |||||||||||
Total Agency Securities (Cost $1,081,161) | 1,096,141 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value/ Number of Properties | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Private Label Securities (81.44%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Private Label Securities (80.74%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 803,591 | Various | 0% - 12.25% | 6/17 - 12/48 | $ | 509,540 | ||||||
Total Principal and Interest - Private Label Securities (Cost $465,617) | 509,540 | |||||||||||
Principal Only - Private Label Securities (0.51%) | ||||||||||||
5,800 | Various | —% | 8/30 | 3,190 | ||||||||
Total Principal Only - Private Label Securities (Cost $2,605) | 3,190 | |||||||||||
Interest Only - Private Label Securities (0.19%) | ||||||||||||
48,811 | Various | 0.50% - 2.00% | 6/44 - 9/47 | 1,219 | ||||||||
Total Interest Only - Private Label Securities (Cost $485) | 1,219 | |||||||||||
Other Private Label Securities (0.00%) | ||||||||||||
119,812 | Various | —% | 6/37 - 6/47 | — | ||||||||
Total Other Private Label Securities (Cost $325) | — | |||||||||||
Total Private Label Securities (Cost $469,032) | 513,949 | |||||||||||
Total Mortgage-Backed Securities (Cost $1,550,193) | 1,610,090 | |||||||||||
Other Asset-Backed Securities (12.88%) | ||||||||||||
93,569 | Various | 0% - 9.72% | 5/17 - 4/22 | 81,315 | ||||||||
Total Other Asset-Backed Securities (Cost $81,949) | 81,315 | |||||||||||
Commercial Mortgage Loans (5.93%) (u) | ||||||||||||
41,726 | Various | 0% - 8.42% | 6/14 - 12/16 | 37,415 | ||||||||
Total Commercial Mortgage Loans (Cost $37,031) | 37,415 | |||||||||||
Residential Mortgage Loans (3.70%) | ||||||||||||
33,368 | Various | —% | 2/18 - 5/54 | 23,371 | ||||||||
Total Residential Mortgage Loans (Cost $22,417) | 23,371 | |||||||||||
Real Estate Owned (0.26%) (v) | ||||||||||||
13 | Single-Family Houses | 1,641 | ||||||||||
Total Real Estate Owned (Cost $1,658) | 1,641 | |||||||||||
Total Long Investments (Cost $1,693,248) | $ | 1,753,832 |
Repurchase Agreements (4.84%) (a) (c) (y) (z) | ||||||||||||
$ | 25,568 | Deutsche Bank Securities | 0.05% | 7/14 | $ | 25,568 | ||||||
Collateralized by Par Value $22,062 | ||||||||||||
European Sovereign Bond, Coupon 3.75%, | ||||||||||||
Maturity Date 10/18 | ||||||||||||
4,969 | Pierpont Securities LLC | 0.08% | 7/14 | 4,969 | ||||||||
Collateralized by Par Value $5,000 | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note, Coupon 1.25%, | ||||||||||||
Maturity Date 10/18 | ||||||||||||
Total Repurchase Agreements (Cost $30,537) | $ | 30,537 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Investments Sold Short (-135.13%) (a) (y) (z) | ||||||||||||
TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (-126.39%) (d) | ||||||||||||
$ | (191,468 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.00% | 7/14 | $ | (203,188 | ) | ||||
(159,912 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 3.50% | 7/14 | (164,616 | ) | ||||||
(88,650 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 5.00% | 7/14 | (98,443 | ) | ||||||
(62,350 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 3.50% | 7/14 | (66,081 | ) | ||||||
(58,860 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.50% | 7/14 | (63,744 | ) | ||||||
(49,337 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 4.00% | 7/14 | (52,247 | ) | ||||||
(24,500 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (15 year) | 3.50% | 7/14 | (25,897 | ) | ||||||
(22,900 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.50% | 8/14 | (24,744 | ) | ||||||
(22,700 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 4.00% | 8/14 | (23,973 | ) | ||||||
(18,740 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 4.50% | 7/14 | (20,280 | ) | ||||||
(9,870 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 4.00% | 7/14 | (10,482 | ) | ||||||
(10,060 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 3.00% | 7/14 | (10,450 | ) | ||||||
(6,700 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 5.50% | 7/14 | (7,503 | ) | ||||||
(5,500 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 2.50% | 7/14 | (5,587 | ) | ||||||
(4,700 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 5.00% | 7/14 | (5,202 | ) | ||||||
(4,300 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 4.50% | 8/14 | (4,643 | ) | ||||||
(4,100 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (15 year) | 3.00% | 7/14 | (4,250 | ) | ||||||
(3,050 | ) | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 3.50% - 5.50% | 7/14 | (3,251 | ) | ||||||
(1,850 | ) | Other Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.00% | 8/14 | (1,957 | ) | ||||||
(1,100 | ) | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (15 year) | 4.00% | 7/14 | (1,167 | ) | ||||||
Total TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (Proceeds -$792,172) | (797,705 | ) | ||||||||||
Government Debt Sold Short (-4.66%) | ||||||||||||
(22,062 | ) | European Sovereign Bonds | 3.75% | 10/18 | (24,457 | ) | ||||||
(5,000 | ) | U.S. Treasury Note | 1.25% | 10/18 | (4,961 | ) | ||||||
Total Government Debt Sold Short (Proceeds -$28,120) | (29,418 | ) | ||||||||||
Common Stock Sold Short (-4.08%) | ||||||||||||
(2,387 | ) | Publicly Traded Real Estate Investment Trusts | (25,723 | ) | ||||||||
Total Common Stock Sold Short (Proceeds -$25,925) | (25,723 | ) | ||||||||||
Total Investments Sold Short (Proceeds -$846,217) | $ | (852,846 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Primary Risk Exposure | Notional Value | Range of Expiration Dates | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S.Dollars | ||||||||||
Financial Derivatives–Assets (9.42%) (a) (y) (z) | |||||||||||
Swaps (9.28%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (Cost - $21,431) (e) | Credit | $ | 112,278 | 12/18 | $ | 21,682 | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds -$217) (e) | Credit | 1,858 | 12/37 | 61 | |||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (f) | Interest Rates | 613,340 | 6/17 - 5/44 | 11,520 | |||||||
Total Return Swaps (i) | Equity Market | 2,262 | 6/15 | 21 | |||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (g) | Credit | (20,524 | ) | 9/34 - 5/36 | 14,162 | ||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (g) | Credit | (56,146 | ) | 5/46 - 5/63 | 3,203 | ||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (h) | Interest Rates | (569,511 | ) | 2/16 - 6/29 | 7,902 | ||||||
Total Return Swaps (i) | Equity Market | (2,693 | ) | 9/15 - 5/16 | 3 | ||||||
Total Swaps (Net cost $54,200) | 58,554 | ||||||||||
Futures (0.03%) | |||||||||||
Long Futures: | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note Futures (k) | Interest Rates | 33,700 | 9/14 | 200 | |||||||
Eurodollar Futures (j) | Interest Rates | 4,000 | 9/14 - 12/14 | — | |||||||
Short Futures: | |||||||||||
Eurodollar Futures (j) | Interest Rates | (15,000 | ) | 3/17 | 2 | ||||||
Total Futures | 202 | ||||||||||
Options (0.10%) | |||||||||||
Purchased Options: | |||||||||||
Receiver Swaption (p) | Interest Rates | 25,000 | 10/14 | 2 | |||||||
Written Options: | |||||||||||
Straddle Swaption (r) | Interest Rates | (37,000 | ) | 5/16 | 168 | ||||||
Payer Swaption (o) | Interest Rates | (17,300 | ) | 1/17 | 492 | ||||||
Total Options | 662 | ||||||||||
Forwards (0.01%) | |||||||||||
Long Forwards: | |||||||||||
Currency Forwards (s) | Currency | 8,640 | 9/14 | 52 | |||||||
Total Forwards | 52 | ||||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives–Assets (Net cost $54,200) | $ | 59,470 | |||||||||
Primary Risk Exposure | Notional Value | Range of Expiration Dates | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S.Dollars | ||||||||||
Financial Derivatives–Liabilities (-7.66%) (a) (y) (z) | |||||||||||
Swaps (-7.45%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds - $6,002) (e) | Credit | $ | 15,905 | 12/49 - 10/52 | $ | (4,359 | ) | ||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (Proceeds - $1,200) (e) | Credit | 3,756 | 12/17 | (982 | ) | ||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bonds (Proceeds - $2,062) (e) | Credit | 4,395 | 6/19 | (2,287 | ) | ||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (f) | Interest Rates | 20,300 | 10/18 - 7/24 | (23 | ) | ||||||
Total Return Swaps (i) | Equity Market | 29,244 | 6/15 | (1 | ) | ||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (h) | Interest Rates | (548,630 | ) | 3/15 - 5/44 | (12,753 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (g) | Credit | (16,000 | ) | 1/47 - 5/63 | (321 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (g) | Credit | (271,561 | ) | 12/16 - 6/19 | (25,901 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (g) | Credit | (3,000 | ) | 3/35 | (350 | ) | |||||
Total Return Swaps (i) | Equity Market | (10,757 | ) | 9/14 - 9/15 | (43 | ) | |||||
Total Swaps (Net proceeds -$28,894) | (47,020 | ) | |||||||||
Futures (-0.05%) | |||||||||||
Short Futures: | |||||||||||
Eurodollar Futures (j) | Interest Rates | (748,000 | ) | 3/15 - 12/16 | (323 | ) | |||||
U.S. Treasury Note Futures (l) | Interest Rates | (17,600 | ) | 9/14 | (15 | ) | |||||
Total Futures | (338 | ) | |||||||||
Options (-0.11%) | |||||||||||
Purchased Options: | |||||||||||
Payer Swaption (n) | Interest Rates | 8,300 | 1/17 | (486 | ) | ||||||
Straddle Swaption (q) | Interest Rates | 30,000 | 5/19 | (144 | ) | ||||||
Written Options: | |||||||||||
Options on Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (m) | Credit | (20,790 | ) | 9/14 | (76 | ) | |||||
Total Options (Proceeds -$87) | (706 | ) | |||||||||
Forwards (-0.05%) | |||||||||||
Short Forwards: | |||||||||||
Currency Forwards (t) | Currency | (40,900 | ) | 9/14 | (314 | ) | |||||
Total Forwards | (314 | ) | |||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives–Liabilities (Net proceeds -$28,981) | $ | (48,378 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
(a) | See Note 2 and Note 3 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(b) | At June 30, 2014, the Company's long investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Government National Mortgage Association, represented 116.25%, 45.39%, and 12.04% of equity, respectively. |
(c) | In general, securities received pursuant to repurchase agreements were delivered to counterparties in short sale transactions. |
(d) | At June 30, 2014, the Company's short investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation represented 104.06% and 22.33% of equity, respectively. |
(e) | For long credit default swaps, the Company sold protection. |
(f) | For long interest rate swap contracts, a floating rate is being paid and a fixed rate is being received. |
(g) | For short credit default swaps, the Company purchased protection. |
(h) | For short interest rate swap contracts, a fixed rate is being paid and a floating rate is being received. |
(i) | Notional value represents number of underlying shares or par value times the closing price of the underlying security. |
(j) | Every $1,000,000 in notional value represents one contract. |
(k) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held; as of June 30, 2014, 337 contracts were held. |
(l) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held; as of June 30, 2014, 88 contracts were held. |
(m) | Represents the option on the part of a counterparty to enter into a credit default swap on a corporate bond index whereby the Company would receive a fixed rate and pay credit protection payments. |
(n) | Represents the option on the part of the Company to enter into an interest rate swap whereby the Company would pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate. |
(o) | Represents the option on the part of a counterparty to enter into an interest rate swap with the Company whereby the Company would receive a fixed rate and pay a floating rate. |
(p) | Represents the option on the part of the Company to enter into an interest rate swap with the Company whereby the Company would receive a fixed rate and pay a floating rate. |
(q) | Represents the combination of a purchased payer swaption and a purchased receiver swaption on the same underlying swap. |
(r) | Represents the combination of a written payer swaption and a written receiver swaption on the same underlying swap. |
(s) | Notional amount represents U.S. Dollars to be paid by the Company at the maturity of the forward contract. |
(t) | Notional amount represents U.S. Dollars to be received by the Company at the maturity of the forward contract. |
(u) | Includes non-performing commercial loans in the amount of $17.1 million whereby principal and/or interest is past due and a maturity date is not applicable. |
(v) | Number of properties not shown in thousands, represents actual number of properties owned. |
(w) | The table below shows the Company's long investment ratings from Moody's, Standard and Poor's, or Fitch, as well as the Company's long investments that were unrated but guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or the Government National Mortgage Association. Ratings tend to be a lagging credit indicator; as a result, the credit quality of the Company's long investment holdings may be lower than the credit quality implied based on the ratings listed below. In situations where an investment has a split rating, the lowest provided rating is used. The ratings descriptions include ratings qualified with a "+," "-," "1," "2," or "3." |
Rating Description | Percent of Equity | ||
Unrated but Agency-Guaranteed | 173.68 | % | |
A/A/A | 0.03 | % | |
Baa/BBB/BBB | 3.57 | % | |
Ba/BB/BB or below | 83.28 | % | |
Unrated | 17.33 | % |
(x) | Private trust 100% backed by interest in Government National Mortgage Association collateralized mortgage obligation certificates. |
(y) | Classification percentages are based on Total Equity. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2014 (CONCLUDED)
(UNAUDITED)
(z) | The following table details the breakout by geographical region of long investments, investments sold short, repurchase agreements, and financial derivatives–assets. All financial derivatives–liabilities were concentrated in North America. |
Region | Current Principal/ Notional Value/Number of Shares/Number of Properties | Cost/(Proceeds) | Fair Value | Percent of Equity | ||||||||||
Long Investments: | (In thousands, Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |||||||||||||
North America | 2,396,102 | $ | 1,661,026 | $ | 1,720,243 | 272.57 | % | |||||||
Europe | 37,672 | 32,222 | 33,589 | 5.32 | % | |||||||||
Total | 2,433,774 | $ | 1,693,248 | $ | 1,753,832 | 277.89 | % | |||||||
Investments Sold Short: | ||||||||||||||
North America (TBAs and Government Debt) | (755,647 | ) | $ | (797,149 | ) | $ | (802,666 | ) | (127.18 | )% | ||||
Europe (Government Debt) | (22,062 | ) | (23,143 | ) | (24,457 | ) | (3.88 | )% | ||||||
North America (Common Stock) | (2,387 | ) | (25,925 | ) | (25,723 | ) | (4.08 | )% | ||||||
Total | $ | (846,217 | ) | $ | (852,846 | ) | (135.13 | )% | ||||||
Repurchase Agreements: | ||||||||||||||
North America | 4,969 | $ | 4,969 | $ | 4,969 | 0.79 | % | |||||||
Europe | 25,568 | 25,568 | 25,568 | 4.05 | % | |||||||||
Total | 30,537 | $ | 30,537 | $ | 30,537 | 4.84 | % | |||||||
Financial Derivatives–Assets: | ||||||||||||||
North America | 92,115 | $ | 54,200 | $ | 59,458 | 9.42 | % | |||||||
Europe | (9,211 | ) | — | 12 | — | % | ||||||||
Total | 82,904 | $ | 54,200 | $ | 59,470 | 9.42 | % |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
12
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Long Investments (276.36%) (a) (s) (u) (v) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities (262.62%) | ||||||||||||
Agency Securities (164.58%) (b) | ||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Agency Securities (156.28%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest–Fixed Rate Agency Securities (137.75%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 38,439 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 1/43 | $ | 37,742 | ||||||
27,523 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 10/42 | 27,407 | ||||||||
17,735 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 18,327 | ||||||||
18,267 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 4/43 | 17,322 | ||||||||
15,538 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 8/41 | 16,910 | ||||||||
16,572 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 16,729 | ||||||||
15,759 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 16,279 | ||||||||
15,017 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 15,958 | ||||||||
14,835 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 15,743 | ||||||||
13,367 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 13,783 | ||||||||
12,686 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 13,692 | ||||||||
12,316 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 3/41 | 13,444 | ||||||||
11,295 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 12,005 | ||||||||
11,478 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 10/43 | 11,861 | ||||||||
11,835 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 8/42 | 11,263 | ||||||||
9,697 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 7/43 | 9,979 | ||||||||
9,114 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 9,409 | ||||||||
8,841 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 9,378 | ||||||||
9,025 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 12/43 | 9,326 | ||||||||
9,747 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 2/43 | 9,251 | ||||||||
8,789 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 9,013 | ||||||||
7,413 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/26 | 7,898 | ||||||||
6,893 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 7,326 | ||||||||
7,327 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 7,299 | ||||||||
6,854 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 10/43 | 7,005 | ||||||||
6,288 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.50% | 10/39 | 6,946 | ||||||||
6,463 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/43 | 6,865 | ||||||||
6,033 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/43 | 6,418 | ||||||||
6,022 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 6,228 | ||||||||
6,025 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 10/43 | 6,218 | ||||||||
5,632 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.46% | 2/63 | 6,136 | ||||||||
5,893 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 6,083 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
13
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest–Fixed Rate Agency Securities (137.75%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 6,342 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 4/42 | $ | 6,035 | ||||||
6,287 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 1/43 | 5,967 | ||||||||
5,410 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 5,925 | ||||||||
5,702 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 5,867 | ||||||||
5,361 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.54% | 11/62 | 5,859 | ||||||||
5,241 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.58% | 10/62 | 5,733 | ||||||||
5,234 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.63% | 6/61 | 5,688 | ||||||||
5,978 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 4/43 | 5,676 | ||||||||
5,189 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.60% | 6/62 | 5,672 | ||||||||
5,338 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 11/43 | 5,668 | ||||||||
5,274 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 7/26 | 5,593 | ||||||||
5,147 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 5,460 | ||||||||
5,130 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 5,442 | ||||||||
4,904 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 1/43 | 5,063 | ||||||||
4,484 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 4,897 | ||||||||
4,720 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/42 | 4,873 | ||||||||
5,032 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 6/43 | 4,776 | ||||||||
4,472 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 4,768 | ||||||||
4,604 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 4,758 | ||||||||
4,477 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 8/43 | 4,754 | ||||||||
4,581 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 4,715 | ||||||||
4,359 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 9/43 | 4,625 | ||||||||
4,604 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/43 | 4,586 | ||||||||
4,673 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 2/43 | 4,435 | ||||||||
4,060 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 4,423 | ||||||||
4,025 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/43 | 4,387 | ||||||||
4,231 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 4,372 | ||||||||
3,932 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.69% | 7/61 | 4,288 | ||||||||
3,886 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.75% | 1/61 | 4,213 | ||||||||
3,864 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/40 | 4,203 | ||||||||
3,811 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 1/44 | 4,169 | ||||||||
3,826 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.80% | 2/61 | 4,157 | ||||||||
4,225 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 4,137 | ||||||||
3,929 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 10/43 | 4,043 | ||||||||
3,801 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 11/43 | 3,885 | ||||||||
3,599 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/43 | 3,837 | ||||||||
3,737 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 3/28 | 3,810 | ||||||||
3,434 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.66% | 1/63 | 3,772 | ||||||||
3,448 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 12/40 | 3,759 | ||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
14
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest–Fixed Rate Agency Securities (137.75%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 3,601 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | $ | 3,715 | ||||||
3,594 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,710 | ||||||||
3,566 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,683 | ||||||||
3,400 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 3,613 | ||||||||
3,495 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,608 | ||||||||
3,273 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/43 | 3,479 | ||||||||
3,515 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 3,454 | ||||||||
3,111 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/35 | 3,429 | ||||||||
3,134 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.68% | 10/61 | 3,421 | ||||||||
3,094 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.54% | 2/60 | 3,420 | ||||||||
3,469 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/42 | 3,419 | ||||||||
3,387 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 3,412 | ||||||||
3,421 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 1/43 | 3,407 | ||||||||
3,170 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/26 | 3,362 | ||||||||
3,200 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/28 | 3,355 | ||||||||
3,194 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 8/43 | 3,294 | ||||||||
3,203 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 3,274 | ||||||||
2,981 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/43 | 3,261 | ||||||||
3,218 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 3/28 | 3,249 | ||||||||
3,142 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 10/43 | 3,247 | ||||||||
3,124 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 7/28 | 3,193 | ||||||||
2,998 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 9/43 | 3,191 | ||||||||
2,996 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/42 | 3,182 | ||||||||
111,228 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 3.00% - 6.00% | 6/28 - 1/44 | 115,792 | ||||||||
80,675 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pools | 2.50% - 6.00% | 9/28 - 12/43 | 81,716 | ||||||||
8,191 | Other Government National Mortgage Association Pools | 4.49% - 4.68% | 11/61 - 11/62 | 8,949 | ||||||||
862,368 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only–Fixed Rate Agency Securities (3.06%) | ||||||||||||
97,796 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 3.00% - 5.50% | 12/20 - 6/43 | 13,821 | ||||||||
21,959 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 3.00% - 5.50% | 12/32 - 1/43 | 3,577 | ||||||||
10,460 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 3.00% - 5.50% | 3/36 - 11/42 | 1,734 | ||||||||
19,132 | ||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
15
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
TBA–Fixed Rate Agency Securities (15.47%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 63,300 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 3.00% | 1/14 | $ | 60,016 | ||||||
31,150 | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.00% | 1/14 | 29,612 | ||||||||
6,700 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 5.00% | 1/14 | 7,228 | ||||||||
96,856 | ||||||||||||
Total Fixed Rate Agency Securities (Cost $992,207) | 978,356 | |||||||||||
Floating Rate Agency Securities (8.30%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest–Floating Rate Agency Securities (4.89%) | ||||||||||||
6,281 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.92% | 4/38 | 6,709 | ||||||||
4,935 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.27% | 4/40 | 5,256 | ||||||||
3,674 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.73% | 7/37 | 3,937 | ||||||||
3,646 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 2.53% | 5/38 | 3,878 | ||||||||
3,395 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 6.10% | 8/37 | 3,597 | ||||||||
3,148 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pools | 5.83% - 5.89% | 6/37 - 7/37 | 3,341 | ||||||||
3,667 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 2.64% - 6.05% | 4/36 - 9/37 | 3,900 | ||||||||
30,618 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only–Floating Rate Agency Securities (3.41%) | ||||||||||||
108,194 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 1.64% - 6.58% | 11/42 - 8/63 | 11,987 | ||||||||
25,322 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 5.50% - 6.59% | 8/36 - 7/43 | 4,600 | ||||||||
18,180 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 5.83% - 6.53% | 11/38 - 8/39 | 2,433 | ||||||||
22,796 | Resecuritization of Government National Mortgage Association (t) | 4.34% | 8/60 | 2,352 | ||||||||
21,372 | ||||||||||||
Total Floating Rate Agency Securities (Cost $50,969) | 51,990 | |||||||||||
Total Agency Securities (Cost $1,043,176) | 1,030,346 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
16
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Private Label Securities (98.04%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest–Private Label Securities (97.40%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 920,032 | Various | 0.24% - 9.35% | 5/19 - 6/50 | $ | 609,766 | ||||||
Total Principal and Interest–Private Label Securities (Cost $555,708) | 609,766 | |||||||||||
Principal Only–Private Label Securities (0.45%) | ||||||||||||
5,800 | Various | 0.00% | 8/30 | 2,784 | ||||||||
Total Principal Only–Private Label Securities (Cost $2,477) | 2,784 | |||||||||||
Interest Only–Private Label Securities (0.19%) | ||||||||||||
50,649 | Various | 0.50% - 2.00% | 6/44 - 9/47 | 1,216 | ||||||||
Total Interest Only–Private Label Securities (Cost $519) | 1,216 | |||||||||||
Other Private Label Securities (0.00%) | ||||||||||||
127,491 | Various | 0.00% | 6/37 - 7/45 | — | ||||||||
Total Other Private Label Securities (Cost $345) | — | |||||||||||
Total Private Label Securities (Cost $559,049) | 613,766 | |||||||||||
Total Mortgage-Backed Securities (Cost $1,602,225) | 1,644,112 | |||||||||||
Other Asset-Backed Securities (6.08%) | ||||||||||||
42,822 | Various | 0% - 9.74% | 6/17 - 12/40 | 38,069 | ||||||||
Total Other Asset-Backed Securities (Cost $38,758) | 38,069 | |||||||||||
Commercial Mortgage Loans (3.82%) (r) | ||||||||||||
26,227 | Various | 0% - 7.25% | 6/14 - 12/16 | 23,887 | ||||||||
Total Commercial Mortgage Loans (Cost $23,212) | 23,887 | |||||||||||
Residential Mortgage Loans (3.84%) | ||||||||||||
36,218 | Various | 0.00% | 8/24 - 10/42 | 24,062 | ||||||||
Total Residential Mortgage Loans (Cost $24,062) | 24,062 | |||||||||||
Total Long Investments (Cost $1,688,257) | $ | 1,730,130 |
Repurchase Agreements (4.47%) (a) (c) (u) (v) | ||||||||||||
$ | 19,675 | J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. Collateralized by Par Value $20,000 U.S. Treasury Note, Coupon 1.25%, Maturity Date 10/18 | (0.05)% | 1/14 | $ | 19,675 | ||||||
8,287 | Deutsche Bank Securities Collateralized by Par Value $7,751 European Sovereign Bond, Coupon 3.75%, Maturity Date 10/18 | 0.00% | 1/14 | 8,287 | ||||||||
Total Repurchase Agreements (Cost $27,943) | $ | 27,962 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
17
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Investments Sold Short (-135.07%) (a) (u) (v) | ||||||||||||
TBA–Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (-129.69%) (d) | ||||||||||||
$ | (156,890 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.00% | 1/14 | $ | (161,689 | ) | ||||
(136,182 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 3.50% | 1/14 | (135,427 | ) | ||||||
(96,700 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.50% | 1/14 | (102,559 | ) | ||||||
(89,600 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 3.50% | 1/14 | (93,716 | ) | ||||||
(57,600 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 5.00% | 1/14 | (62,617 | ) | ||||||
(58,960 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 3.00% | 1/14 | (60,158 | ) | ||||||
(57,837 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 4.00% | 1/14 | (59,409 | ) | ||||||
(31,150 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 2.50% | 1/14 | (30,816 | ) | ||||||
(24,400 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 4.50% | 2/14 | (25,798 | ) | ||||||
(23,200 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 5.00% | 2/14 | (24,996 | ) | ||||||
(16,604 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 year) | 4.00% | 1/14 | (17,589 | ) | ||||||
(8,200 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (15 year) | 3.50% | 1/14 | (8,550 | ) | ||||||
(6,700 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 year) | 5.50% | 1/14 | (7,373 | ) | ||||||
(6,550 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 3.50% | 1/14 | (6,495 | ) | ||||||
(4,100 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (15 year) | 3.00% | 1/14 | (4,175 | ) | ||||||
(3,900 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 year) | 4.50% | 1/14 | (4,129 | ) | ||||||
(3,815 | ) | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 2.50%-5.50% | 1/14 | (3,685 | ) | ||||||
(2,500 | ) | Other Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 6.00% | 1/14 | (2,776 | ) | ||||||
Total TBA–Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (Proceeds -$813,757) | (811,957 | ) | ||||||||||
Government Debt Sold Short (-4.36%) | ||||||||||||
(20,000 | ) | U.S. Treasury Note | 1.25% | 10/18 | (19,607 | ) | ||||||
(7,337 | ) | European Sovereign Bond | 3.75% | 10/18 | (7,681 | ) | ||||||
Total Government Debt Sold Short (Proceeds -$27,532) | (27,288 | ) | ||||||||||
Common Stock Sold Short (-1.02%) | ||||||||||||
(763 | ) | Publicly Traded Real Estate Investment Trusts | (6,369 | ) | ||||||||
Total Common Stock Sold Short (Proceeds -$6,313) | (6,369 | ) | ||||||||||
Total Investments Sold Short (Proceeds -$847,602) | $ | (845,614 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
18
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Primary Risk Exposure | Notional Value | Range of Expiration Dates | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||||||
Financial Derivatives–Assets (9.53%) (a) (u) (v) | |||||||||||
Swaps (9.49%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (Cost $13,248) (g) | Credit | $ | 70,425 | 12/18 | $ | 14,273 | |||||
Interest Rate Swaps (f) | Interest Rates | 153,100 | 7/18 - 9/23 | 1,978 | |||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds -$217) (e) | Credit | 1,990 | 12/37 | 61 | |||||||
Total Return Swaps (l) | Equity Market | 3,044 | 6/14 - 6/15 | 4 | |||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (h) | Credit | (23,426 | ) | 9/34 - 5/36 | 16,646 | ||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (i) | Credit | (72,422 | ) | 5/46 - 5/63 | 4,876 | ||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (j) | Interest Rates | (840,600 | ) | 11/16 - 8/43 | 21,575 | ||||||
Total Return Swaps (l) | Equity Market | (23 | ) | 9/15 | — | ||||||
Total Swaps (Net cost $50,039) | 59,413 | ||||||||||
Options (0.04%) | |||||||||||
Purchased Options: | |||||||||||
Options on CDS on Corporate Bond Indices (o) | Credit | 22,588 | 6/14 | 190 | |||||||
Swaptions (p) | Interest Rates | 15,000 | 4/14 | 61 | |||||||
Total Options (Cost $494) | 251 | ||||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives–Assets (Net cost $50,533) | $ | 59,664 | |||||||||
Financial Derivatives–Liabilities (-7.16%) (a) (u) (v) | |||||||||||
Swaps (-6.76%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds - $14,331) (e) | Credit | $ | 44,082 | 12/49 - 10/52 | $ | (11,866 | ) | ||||
Interest Rate Swaps (f) | Interest Rates | 234,600 | 10/17 - 7/43 | (2,857 | ) | ||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (Proceeds - $1,200) (g) | Credit | 4,000 | 12/17 | (1,047 | ) | ||||||
Total Return Swaps (l) | Equity Market | 47,974 | 6/15 | — | |||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (j) | Interest Rates | (323,800 | ) | 3/15 - 9/43 | (2,207 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (k) | Credit | (337,815 | ) | 12/16 - 12/18 | (23,902 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (h) | Credit | (3,000 | ) | 3/35 | (350 | ) | |||||
Total Return Swaps (l) | Equity Market | (10,374 | ) | 9/14 - 9/15 | (67 | ) | |||||
Total Swaps (Net proceeds -$29,746) | (42,296 | ) | |||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
19
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Primary Risk Exposure | Notional Value | Range of Expiration Dates | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||||||
Futures (-0.38%) | |||||||||||
Long Futures: | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note Futures (n) | Interest Rates | $ | 227,200 | 3/14 | $ | (2,370 | ) | ||||
Short Futures: | |||||||||||
Eurodollar Futures (m) | Interest Rates | (14,000 | ) | 3/14 - 9/15 | (3 | ) | |||||
Total Futures | (2,373 | ) | |||||||||
Options (-0.01%) | |||||||||||
Written Options: | |||||||||||
Swaption (q) | Interest Rates | (4,000 | ) | 4/14 | (84 | ) | |||||
Total Options | (84 | ) | |||||||||
Forwards (-0.01%) | |||||||||||
Currency Forwards | Currency | (6,575 | ) | 3/14 | (38 | ) | |||||
Total Forwards | (38 | ) | |||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives–Liabilities (Net proceeds -$29,746) | $ | (44,791 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
20
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
(a) | See Note 2 and Note 3 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(b) | At December 31, 2013, the Company's long investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Government National Mortgage Association, represented 100.85%, 51.37%, and 12.36% of equity, respectively. |
(c) | In general, securities received pursuant to repurchase agreements were delivered to counterparties in short sale transactions. |
(d) | At December 31, 2013, the Company's short investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation represented 111.89% and 17.80% of equity, respectively. |
(e) | For long credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, the Company sold protection. |
(f) | For long interest rate swap contracts, a floating rate is being paid and a fixed rate is being received. |
(g) | For long credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, the Company sold protection. |
(h) | For short credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, the Company purchased protection. |
(i) | For short credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, the Company purchased protection. |
(j) | For short interest rate swap contracts, a fixed rate is being paid and a floating rate is being received. |
(k) | For short credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, the Company purchased protection. |
(l) | Notional value represents number of underlying shares or par value times the closing price of the underlying security. |
(m) | Every $1,000,000 in notional value represents one contract. |
(n) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held; as of December 31, 2013 1,847 contracts were held. |
(o) | Represents the option on the part of the Company to enter into a credit default swap on a corporate bond index whereby the Company would pay a fixed rate and receive credit protection payments. |
(p) | Represents the option on the part of the Company to enter into an interest rate swap whereby the Company would pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate. |
(q) | Represents the option on the part of a counterparty to enter into an interest rate swap with the Company whereby the Company would receive a fixed rate and pay a floating rate. |
(r) | Includes a loan with a fair value in the amount of $5.0 million where the maturity date may be extended through November 4, 2015 as well as non-performing commercial mortgage loans. |
(s) | The table below shows the ratings on the Company's long investments from Moody's, Standard and Poor's, or Fitch, as well as the Company's long investments that were unrated but guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or the Government National Mortgage Association. Ratings tend to be a lagging credit indicator; as a result, the credit quality of the Company's long investment holdings may be lower than the credit quality implied based on the ratings listed below. In situations where an investment has a split rating, the lowest provided rating is used. The ratings descriptions include ratings qualified with a "+," "-," "1," "2," or "3." |
Rating Description | Percent of Equity | ||
Unrated but Agency-Guaranteed | 164.58 | % | |
A/A/A | 0.34 | % | |
Baa/BBB/BBB | 2.97 | % | |
Ba/BB/BB or below | 97.95 | % | |
Unrated | 10.52 | % |
(t) | Private trust 100% backed by interest in Government National Mortgage Association collateralized mortgage obligation certificates. |
(u) | Classification percentages are based on Total Equity. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
21
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 (CONCLUDED)
(UNAUDITED)
(v) | The following table details the breakout by geographical region of long investments, investments sold short, and repurchase agreements. All financial derivatives were concentrated in North America. |
Region | Current Principal/ Number of Shares | Cost/(Proceeds) | Fair Value | Percent of Equity | ||||||||||
Long Investments: | (In thousands, Expressed in U.S. Dollars) | |||||||||||||
North America | 2,470,650 | $ | 1,682,533 | $ | 1,724,370 | 275.44 | % | |||||||
Europe | 7,641 | 5,724 | 5,760 | 0.92 | % | |||||||||
Total | 2,478,291 | $ | 1,688,257 | $ | 1,730,130 | 276.36 | % | |||||||
Investments Sold Short: | ||||||||||||||
North America (TBAs and Government Debt) | (804,888 | ) | $ | (833,656 | ) | $ | (831,564 | ) | (132.82 | )% | ||||
Europe (Government Debt) | (7,337 | ) | (7,633 | ) | (7,681 | ) | (1.23 | )% | ||||||
North America (Common Stock) | (763 | ) | (6,313 | ) | (6,369 | ) | (1.02 | )% | ||||||
Total | $ | (847,602 | ) | $ | (845,614 | ) | (135.07 | )% | ||||||
Repurchase Agreements: | ||||||||||||||
North America | 19,675 | $ | 19,675 | $ | 19,675 | 3.15 | % | |||||||
Europe | 8,287 | 8,268 | 8,287 | 1.32 | % | |||||||||
Total | 27,962 | $ | 27,943 | $ | 27,962 | 4.47 | % |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
22
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands except per share amounts) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
INVESTMENT INCOME | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 20,996 | $ | 20,335 | $ | 42,493 | $ | 38,717 | ||||||||
EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||
Base management fee | 2,368 | 2,405 | 4,733 | 4,373 | ||||||||||||
Incentive fee | — | 1,182 | — | 3,237 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 2,416 | 2,582 | 5,043 | 4,724 | ||||||||||||
Other investment related expenses | 1,232 | 327 | 1,662 | 327 | ||||||||||||
Compensation expense | 345 | 432 | 672 | 760 | ||||||||||||
Custody and other fees | 443 | 338 | 851 | 656 | ||||||||||||
Professional fees | 578 | 338 | 1,219 | 779 | ||||||||||||
Agency and administration fees | 294 | 281 | 587 | 543 | ||||||||||||
Insurance expense | 193 | 173 | 382 | 353 | ||||||||||||
Directors' fees and expenses | 57 | 66 | 130 | 143 | ||||||||||||
Share-based LTIP expense | 64 | 43 | 127 | 85 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses | 7,990 | 8,167 | 15,406 | 15,980 | ||||||||||||
NET INVESTMENT INCOME | 13,006 | 12,168 | 27,087 | 22,737 | ||||||||||||
NET REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS, FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES, AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS/TRANSLATION | ||||||||||||||||
Net realized gain (loss) on: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments | 4,596 | 10,598 | 14,439 | 24,596 | ||||||||||||
Financial derivatives | (817 | ) | (4,927 | ) | 402 | (6,332 | ) | |||||||||
Foreign currency transactions | (95 | ) | — | 252 | — | |||||||||||
3,684 | 5,671 | 15,093 | 18,264 | |||||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments | 9,803 | (27,971 | ) | 9,656 | (5,132 | ) | ||||||||||
Financial derivatives | (5,771 | ) | 21,837 | (8,211 | ) | 16,582 | ||||||||||
Foreign currency translation | 482 | — | 417 | — | ||||||||||||
4,514 | (6,134 | ) | 1,862 | 11,450 | ||||||||||||
NET REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS, FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES, AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS/TRANSLATION | 8,198 | (463 | ) | 16,955 | 29,714 | |||||||||||
NET INCREASE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | 21,204 | 11,705 | 44,042 | 52,451 | ||||||||||||
LESS: NET INCREASE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS | 257 | 105 | 460 | 516 | ||||||||||||
NET INCREASE IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | $ | 20,947 | $ | 11,600 | $ | 43,582 | $ | 51,935 | ||||||||
NET INCREASE IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS PER SHARE: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic and Diluted | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 1.69 | $ | 2.35 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
23
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders' Equity | Non-controlling Interest | Total Equity | Shareholders' Equity | Non-controlling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BEGINNING EQUITY (12/31/2013 and 12/31/2012, respectively) | $ | 620,401 | $ | 5,648 | $ | 626,049 | $ | 506,355 | $ | — | $ | 506,355 | ||||||||||||
CHANGE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 27,087 | 22,737 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized gain (loss) on investments, financial derivatives, and foreign currency transactions | 15,093 | 18,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments, financial derivatives, and foreign currency translation | 1,862 | 11,450 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | 43,582 | 460 | 44,042 | 51,935 | 516 | 52,451 | ||||||||||||||||||
CHANGE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM TRANSACTIONS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from the issuance of shares | — | — | 125,600 | 125,600 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 309 | 309 | 941 | 941 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contribution from non-controlling interests | 1,201 | 1,201 | 4,664 | 4,664 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends(1) | (39,814 | ) | (326 | ) | (40,140 | ) | (51,491 | ) | (485 | ) | (51,976 | ) | ||||||||||||
Distributions to non-controlling interest | (465 | ) | (465 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to non-controlling interest | (497 | ) | 497 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Offering costs | — | — | (262 | ) | (262 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Share-based LTIP awards | 126 | 1 | 127 | 84 | 1 | 85 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in equity from transactions | (39,876 | ) | 908 | (38,968 | ) | 74,872 | 4,180 | 79,052 | ||||||||||||||||
Net increase in equity | 3,706 | 1,368 | 5,074 | 126,807 | 4,696 | 131,503 | ||||||||||||||||||
ENDING EQUITY (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | $ | 624,107 | $ | 7,016 | $ | 631,123 | $ | 633,162 | $ | 4,696 | $ | 637,858 |
(1) | For the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, dividends totaling $1.54 and $2.29, respectively, per common share and convertible unit outstanding, were declared and paid. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
24
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Six Month Period Ended | |||||||
June 30, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: | |||||||
NET INCREASE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | $ | 44,042 | $ | 52,451 | |||
Cash flows provided by (used) in operating activities: | |||||||
Reconciliation of the net increase in equity resulting from operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||
Change in net unrealized (gain) loss on investments and financial derivatives, and foreign currency translation | (1,867 | ) | (11,450 | ) | |||
Net realized (gain) loss on investments, financial derivatives, and foreign currency transactions | (15,037 | ) | (18,264 | ) | |||
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts (net) | (5,597 | ) | (10,204 | ) | |||
Purchase of investments | (1,055,747 | ) | (1,026,018 | ) | |||
Proceeds from disposition of investments | 1,025,495 | 602,098 | |||||
Proceeds from principal payments of investments | 73,060 | 97,641 | |||||
Proceeds from investments sold short | 874,768 | 631,565 | |||||
Repurchase of investments sold short | (903,707 | ) | (624,288 | ) | |||
Payments made to open financial derivatives | (15,491 | ) | (4,974 | ) | |||
Proceeds received to close financial derivatives | 26,994 | 23,201 | |||||
Proceeds received to open financial derivatives | 24,640 | 11,815 | |||||
Payments made to close financial derivatives | (40,172 | ) | (14,934 | ) | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 309 | 941 | |||||
Share-based LTIP expense | 127 | 85 | |||||
(Increase) decrease in assets: | |||||||
Increase in repurchase agreements | (2,575 | ) | (27,538 | ) | |||
(Increase) decrease in receivable for securities sold | 69,839 | (45,116 | ) | ||||
Increase in due from brokers | (27,292 | ) | (25,550 | ) | |||
Increase in interest and principal receivable | (787 | ) | (852 | ) | |||
(Increase) decrease in other assets | 11 | (674 | ) | ||||
Increase (decrease) in liabilities: | |||||||
Increase (decrease) in due to brokers | 7,717 | (609 | ) | ||||
Increase (decrease) in payable for securities purchased | (28,255 | ) | 78,751 | ||||
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses | 272 | (159 | ) | ||||
Decrease in incentive fee payable | (3,091 | ) | (6,161 | ) | |||
Increase (decrease) in other payables | — | (592 | ) | ||||
Increase in interest and dividends payable | 755 | 948 | |||||
Increase in base management fee payable | 4 | 471 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 48,415 | (317,416 | ) | ||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
25
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC | |||||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED) | |||||||
(UNAUDITED) | |||||||
Six Month Period Ended | |||||||
June 30, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities: | |||||||
Proceeds from the issuance of shares | — | 125,600 | |||||
Contribution from non-controlling interests | 1,201 | 4,664 | |||||
Offering costs paid | (47 | ) | (253 | ) | |||
Dividends paid | (40,140 | ) | (51,976 | ) | |||
Distributions to non-controlling interest | (465 | ) | — | ||||
Principal payments on securitized debt | (86 | ) | (182 | ) | |||
Reverse repurchase agreements, net of repayments | (47,335 | ) | 382,274 | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (86,872 | ) | 460,127 | ||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (38,457 | ) | 142,711 | ||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 183,489 | 59,084 | |||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD | $ | 145,032 | $ | 201,795 | |||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||
Interest paid | $ | 4,876 | $ | 4,007 | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment (non-cash) | $ | 309 | $ | 941 | |||
Share-based LTIP awards (non-cash) | $ | 127 | $ | 85 | |||
Aggregate TBA trade activity (buys + sells) (non-cash) | $ | 13,395,312 | $ | 10,009,367 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
26
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2014
(UNAUDITED)
1. Organization and Investment Objective
Ellington Financial LLC was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on July 9, 2007 and commenced operations on August 17, 2007. Ellington Financial Operating Partnership LLC (the "Operating Partnership"), a 99.2% owned consolidated subsidiary of Ellington Financial LLC, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on December 14, 2012 and commenced operations on January 1, 2013. All of the Company's operations and business activities are conducted through the Operating Partnership. Ellington Financial LLC, the Operating Partnership, and the consolidated subsidiaries are hereafter collectively referred to as the ("Company"). All inter-company accounts are eliminated in consolidation.
The Company is a specialty finance company that acquires and manages mortgage-related assets, including residential mortgage-backed securities, or "RMBS," backed by prime jumbo, Alt-A, manufactured housing, and subprime residential mortgage loans, RMBS for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise, residential mortgage loans, mortgage-related derivatives, commercial mortgage-backed securities, or "CMBS," commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt, as well as corporate debt and equity securities, and derivatives. The Company may also opportunistically acquire and manage other types of financial assets, such as securities backed by consumer and commercial assets, or "ABS," non-mortgage related derivatives, and real property.
Ellington Financial Management LLC ("EFM" or the "Manager") is a registered investment adviser and a registered commodity pool operator that serves as the Manager to the Company pursuant to the terms of a management agreement (the "Management Agreement"). EFM is an affiliate of Ellington Management Group, L.L.C., an investment management firm that is registered as both an investment adviser and a commodity pool operator. In accordance with the terms of the Management Agreement, the Manager implements the investment strategy and manages the business and operations on a day-to-day basis for the Company and performs certain services for the Company, subject to oversight by the Board of Directors.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
(A) Basis of Presentation: The Company's unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or "U.S. GAAP," for investment companies, ASC 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies ("ASC 946"). ASC 946 requires, among other things, that investments be reported at fair value in the financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.
(B) Valuation: The Company applies ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures ("ASC 820-10"), to its holdings of financial instruments. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
• | Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are observable and reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, |
• | Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology other than quoted prices included in Level 1 are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, and |
• | Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. |
A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities.
(C) Securities Transactions and Investment Income: Securities transactions are generally recorded on trade date. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated based on identified cost. Interest income, which includes accretion of discounts
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and amortization of premiums on mortgage-backed securities, or "MBS," ABS, commercial and residential mortgage loans, U.S. Treasury securities, sovereign debt, and securitized debt, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. For purposes of determining the effective interest rate, management estimates the future expected cash flows of its investment holdings based on assumptions including, but not limited to, assumptions for future prepayment rates, default rates and loss severities (each of which may in turn incorporate various macro-economic assumptions, such as future housing prices). These assumptions are re-evaluated not less than quarterly and require the use of a significant amount of judgment. Principal write-offs are generally treated as realized losses. For non-performing commercial and residential mortgage loans, the Company uses the cost recovery method. A mortgage loan is considered non-performing if any principal and/or interest payments are more than 90 days past due. The Company also uses the cost recovery method for sub-performing loans for which future cash flows are not estimable. Sub-performing loans are defined as loans with other indicators that suggest that the loan is unlikely to be paid off in full. Other such indicators include a history of spotty payments by the borrower, bankruptcy of the borrower, and other facts and circumstances particular to each loan.
(D) Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include amounts held in an interest bearing overnight account and money market funds.
(E) Financial Derivatives: The Company enters into various types of financial derivatives. The Company's derivatives are predominantly subject to bilateral collateral arrangements or clearing in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. The Company may be required to deliver or receive cash or securities as collateral upon entering into derivative transactions. In addition, changes in the relative value of derivative transactions may require the Company or the counterparty to post or receive additional collateral. In the case of cleared derivatives, the clearinghouse becomes the Company's counterparty and a futures commission merchant, or "FCM," acts as an intermediary between the Company and the clearinghouse with respect to all facets of the related transaction, including the posting and receipt of required collateral. Collateral received by the Company is reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity as "Due to Brokers." Conversely, collateral posted by the Company is reflected as "Due from Brokers" on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. The major types of derivatives utilized by the Company are swaps, futures, options and swaptions, and forwards.
Swaps: The Company may enter into various types of swaps, including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, and total return swaps. The primary risk associated with the Company's interest rate swap activity is interest rate risk. The primary risk associated with the Company's credit default swaps is credit risk and the primary risk associated with the Company's total return swap activity is equity market risk.
The Company is subject to interest rate risk exposure in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives. To help mitigate interest rate risk, the Company enters into interest rate swaps. Interest rate swaps are contractual agreements whereby one party pays a floating rate of interest on a notional principal amount and receives a fixed rate on the same notional principal, or vice versa, for a fixed period of time. Interest rate swaps change in value with movements in interest rates.
The Company enters into credit default swaps. A credit default swap is a contract under which one party agrees to compensate another party for the financial loss associated with the occurrence of a "credit event" in relation to a "reference amount" or notional value of a credit obligation (usually a bond, loan, or a basket of bonds or loans). The definition of a credit event often varies from contract to contract. A credit event may occur (i) when the underlying reference asset(s) fails to make scheduled principal or interest payments to its holders, (ii) with respect to credit default swaps referencing mortgage/asset-backed securities and indices, when the underlying reference obligation is downgraded below a certain rating level, or (iii) with respect to credit default swaps referencing corporate entities and indices, upon the bankruptcy of the underlying reference obligor. The Company typically writes (sells) protection to take a "long" position or purchases (buys) protection to take a "short" position with respect to underlying reference assets or to hedge exposure to other investment holdings.
The Company enters into total return swaps in order to take a "long" or "short" position with respect to an underlying reference asset. The Company is subject to market price volatility of the underlying reference asset. A total return swap involves commitments to pay interest in exchange for a market-linked return based on a notional value. To the extent that the total return of the security, group of securities or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest obligation, the Company will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty.
Swaps change in value with movements in interest rates or total return of the reference securities. During the term of swap contracts, changes in value are recognized as unrealized gains or losses. When a contract is terminated, the Company realizes a gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds from (or cost of) the closing transaction and the Company's basis in the contract, if any. Periodic payments or receipts required by swap agreements are recorded as unrealized gains or losses when accrued and realized gains or losses when received or paid. Upfront payments paid and/or received by the
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Company to open swap contracts are recorded as an asset and/or liability on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity and are recorded as a realized gain or loss on the termination date.
Futures Contracts: A futures contract is an exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell an asset for a set price on a future date. The Company enters into Eurodollar and/or U.S. Treasury Note futures contracts to hedge its interest rate risk. Initial margin deposits are made upon entering into futures contracts and can be either in the form of cash or securities. During the period the futures contract is open, changes in the value of the contract are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by marking-to-market to reflect the current market value of the contract. Variation margin payments are made or received periodically, depending upon whether unrealized losses or gains are incurred. When the contract is closed, the Company records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds of the closing transaction and the Company's basis in the contract.
Options: The Company may purchase or write put or call options or enter into swaptions. Generally, the Company enters into options primarily to help mitigate overall market, credit, or interest rate risk depending on the type of option. When the Company purchases an option, the option asset is initially recorded at an amount equal to the premium paid, if any, and is subsequently marked-to-market. Premiums paid for purchasing options that expire unexercised are recognized on the expiration date as realized losses. If an option is exercised, the premium paid is subtracted from the proceeds of the sale or added to the cost of the purchase to determine whether the Company has realized a gain or loss on the related transaction. When the Company writes an option, the option liability is initially recorded at an amount equal to the premium received, if any, and is subsequently marked-to-market. Premiums received for writing options that expire unexercised are recognized on the expiration date as realized gains. If an option is exercised, the premium received is subtracted from the cost of the purchase or added to the proceeds of the sale to determine whether the Company has realized a gain or loss on the related investment transaction. When the Company enters into a closing transaction, the Company will realize a gain or loss depending upon whether the amount from the closing transaction is greater or less than the premiums paid or received. The Company may also enter into options that contain forward-settling premiums. In this case, no money is exchanged upfront. Instead the agreed-upon premium is paid by the buyer upon expiration of the option, regardless of whether or not the option is exercised.
Forward Currency Contracts: A forward currency contract is an agreement between two parties to purchase or sell a specific quantity of currency with the delivery and settlement at a specific future date and exchange rate. During the period the forward currency contract is open, changes in the value of the contract are recognized as unrealized gains or losses. When the contract is settled, the Company records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds of the closing transaction and the Company's basis in the contract.
Financial derivatives disclosed on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments include: credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, interest rate swaps, total return swaps, futures, foreign currency forwards, and options contracts.
Financial derivative assets are included in Financial derivatives—assets, at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Financial derivative liabilities are included in Financial derivatives—liabilities, at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. In addition, financial derivative contracts are summarized by type on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments.
(F) Investments Sold Short: When the Company sells securities short, it typically satisfies its security delivery settlement obligation by obtaining the security sold from the same or a different counterparty. The Company generally is required to deliver cash or securities as collateral to the counterparty for the Company's obligation to return the borrowed security. The amount by which the market value of the obligation falls short of or exceeds the proceeds from the short sale is treated as an unrealized gain or loss, respectively. A realized gain or loss will be recognized upon the termination of a short sale if the market price is less or greater than the proceeds originally received.
(G) Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Repurchase Agreements: The Company enters into reverse repurchase agreements with third-party broker-dealers whereby it sells securities under agreements to be repurchased at an agreed-upon price and date. The Company also enters into repurchase agreement transactions with third-party broker-dealers whereby it purchases securities under agreements to resell at an agreed-upon price and date. In general, securities received pursuant to repurchase agreements are delivered to counterparties of short sale transactions. The Company accounts for reverse repurchase agreements as collateralized borrowings, with the initial sale price representing the amount borrowed, and with the future repurchase price consisting of the amount borrowed plus interest, at the implied interest rate of the reverse repurchase agreement, on the amount borrowed over the term of the reverse repurchase agreement. The interest rate on a reverse repurchase agreement or a repurchase agreement is based on competitive rates (or competitive market spreads, in the case of agreements with floating interest rates) at the time such agreement is entered into. When the Company enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, the lender establishes and maintains an account containing cash and securities having a value not less than the repurchase price, including accrued interest, of the reverse repurchase agreement. Assets held pursuant to repurchase
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agreements are reflected as assets on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are conducted with the same counterparty may be reported on a net basis if they meet the requirements of ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet Offsetting. There are no repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements netted in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Reverse repurchase agreements are carried at their contractual amounts, which approximate fair value as the debt is short-term in nature.
(H) Securitized Debt: The Company entered into a resecuritization transaction in January 2012, which is accounted for as a collateralized borrowing. The asset contributed to the securitization was not derecognized but rather, the liability issued by the securitization was recorded to reflect the term financing of the re-securitized asset. Under ASC 820-10, the Company has elected to carry securitized debt at fair value.
(I) When-Issued/Delayed Delivery Securities: The Company may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued basis are traded for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price or yield, and no income accrues to the purchaser prior to settlement. Purchasing or selling securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis involves the risk that the market price or yield at the time of settlement may be lower or higher than the agreed-upon price or yield, in which case a realized loss may be incurred.
The Company transacts in the forward settling To Be Announced MBS ("TBA") market. The Company typically does not take delivery of TBAs, but rather settles the associated receivable and payable with its trading counterparties on a net basis. Transactions with the same counterparty for the same TBA that result in a reduction of the position are treated as extinguished. The market value of the securities that the Company is required to purchase pursuant to a TBA transaction may decline below the agreed-upon purchase price. Conversely, the market value of the securities that the Company is required to sell pursuant to a TBA transaction may increase above the agreed upon sale price. As part of its TBA activities, the Company may "roll" its TBA positions, whereby the Company may sell (buy) securities for delivery (receipt) in an earlier month and simultaneously contract to repurchase (sell) similar, but not identical, securities at an agreed-upon price on a fixed date in a later month (with the later-month price typically lower than the earlier-month price). The Company accounts for its TBA transactions (including those related to TBA rolls) as purchases and sales.
(J) Offering Costs/Underwriters' Discount: Offering costs and underwriters' discount are charged against shareholders' equity.
(K) LTIP Units: Long term incentive plan units ("LTIP units") have been issued to the Company's dedicated or partially dedicated personnel and independent directors as well as the Manager. Costs associated with LTIP units issued to dedicated or partially dedicated personnel and independent directors are amortized over the vesting period in accordance with ASC 718-10, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Costs associated with LTIP units issued to the Manager are amortized over the vesting period in accordance with ASC 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The vesting periods for units issued under the Ellington Incentive Plan for Individuals (the "Individual LTIP") to dedicated or partially dedicated personnel are typically one year and can be up to two years. The vesting periods of Individual LTIP units are typically one year for independent directors. The vesting period for units issued to the Manager under the Ellington Incentive Plan for Entities (the "Manager LTIP") occurred over a three year period that ended in August 2010. The cost of the Manager LTIP units fluctuated with the price per share until the vesting date, whereas the cost of the Individual LTIP units is based on the price per share at the initial grant date.
(L) Non-controlling interests: Non-controlling interests include the interest in the Operating Partnership owned by an affiliate of the Manager and certain related parties. Non-controlling interests also include the interest of a joint venture partner in a consolidated subsidiary. The Company adjusts the non-controlling interests owned by an affiliate of the Manager and certain related parties to align its carrying value with the share of total outstanding operating partnership units ("OP Units") issued by the Operating Partnership to the non-controlling interest. Any such adjustments are reflected in "Adjustment to non-controlling interest" on the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity. See Note 9 for further discussion of non-controlling interests.
(M) Dividends: Dividends payable by the Company are recorded in the consolidated financial statements on the ex-dividend date. Dividends are typically declared and paid on a quarterly basis in arrears.
(N) Shares Repurchased: Common shares that are repurchased by the Company subsequent to issuance decrease total number of shares outstanding and issued.
(O) Earnings Per Share ("EPS"): Basic EPS is computed using the two class method by dividing net increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity resulting from operations after adjusting for the impact of LTIP units deemed to be participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding calculated including LTIP units. Because the Company's LTIP units are deemed to be participating securities, they are included in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS.
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OP Units relating to a non-controlling interest are convertible into common shares and are included in the calculation of diluted EPS.
(P) Foreign Currency: Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates at the following dates: (i) assets, liabilities, and unrealized gains/losses—at the valuation date; and (ii) income, expenses, and realized gains/losses—at the accrual/transaction date.
(Q) Income Taxes: The Company intends to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Certain of the Company's subsidiaries are not consolidated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but are also treated as partnerships. In general, partnerships are not subject to entity-level tax on their income, but the income of a partnership is taxable to its owners on a flow-through basis. As of December 31, 2013, a subsidiary of the Company has elected to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To date, this subsidiary has recognized a small loss.
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, Income Taxes ("ASC 740-10"), which requires management to determine whether a tax position of the Company is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company did not have any additions to its unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions related either to the current period or to 2013, 2012, 2011, or 2010 (its open tax years), and no reductions resulting from tax positions of prior years or due to settlements, and thus had no unrecognized tax benefits or reductions since inception. The Company does not expect any change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next fiscal year. There were no amounts accrued for tax penalties or interest as of or during the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
The Company may take positions with respect to certain tax issues which depend on legal interpretation of facts or applicable tax regulations. Should the relevant tax regulators successfully challenge any of such positions, the Company might be found to have a tax liability that has not been recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Also, management's conclusions regarding ASC 740-10 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, further implementation guidance from the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or "FASB," and ongoing analyses of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.
To date there have been no material differences between the tax and U.S. GAAP bases of the Company's investments.
(R) Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In June 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-08, Financial Services-Investment Companies ("ASC 946"). This update modifies the guidance for ASC 946 for determining whether an entity is an investment company for U.S. GAAP purposes. It requires entities that adopted AICPA Statement of Position 07-1 prior to its deferral to reassess whether they continue to meet the definition of an investment company for U.S. GAAP purposes. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2013, with retrospective application; earlier application is prohibited. Management has determined that the Company still meets the definition of an investment company under ASC 946 and, as a result, the presentation of its financial statements has not changed as a result of this ASU.
In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-04, Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure ("ASU 2014-04"). This update modifies the guidance for ASC 310-40, Receivables-Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors. ASU 2014-04 clarifies when an in-substance repossession or foreclosure occurs that would require a transfer of a mortgage loan to real estate owned. Under ASU 2014-04, repossession or foreclosure is deemed to have occurred, and the creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a mortgage loan when the creditor obtains legal title to the property upon completion of a foreclosure or the borrower conveys all interest in the property to the creditor through a deed in lieu of foreclosure or a similar legal agreement. ASU 2014-04 will become effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2014-04 can be adopted using either a modified retrospective method or a prospective transition method with the cumulative effect being recognized in the beginning retained earnings of the earliest annual period for which ASU 2014-04 is adopted. The Company elected to adopt ASU 2014-04 effective January 1, 2014; such adoption did not have a material impact on the financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-11, Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures ("ASU 2014-11"). This amends ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing ("ASC 860"), to require disclosure of repurchase-to maturity transactions to be accounted for as secured borrowings rather than sales of an asset, and transfers of financial assets with a contemporaneous repo will no longer be evaluated to determine whether they should be accounted for on a combined basis as forward contracts. The new guidance also prescribes additional disclosures particularly on the nature of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements accounted for as secured borrowings. ASU 2014-11 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of ASC 860, as amended by ASU 2014-11 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
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3. Valuation
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company's financial instruments.
Level 1 valuation methodologies include the observation of quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, often received from widely recognized data providers.
Level 2 valuation methodologies include the observation of (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves) in active markets and (iii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3 valuation methodologies include (i) the solicitation of valuations from third parties (typically, pricing services and broker-dealers), (ii) the use of proprietary models that require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions, and (iii) the assessment of observable or reported recent trading activity. The Company utilizes such information to assign a good faith fair value (the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the valuation date) to each such financial instrument.
The Company seeks to obtain at least one third-party indicative valuation for each instrument, and often obtains multiple indicative valuations when available. Third-party valuation providers often utilize proprietary models that are highly subjective and also require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions. The Company has been able to obtain third-party valuations on the vast majority of the Company's assets and expects to continue to solicit third-party valuations on substantially all of its assets in the future to the extent practical. The Company generally values each financial instrument at the average of third-party valuations received and not rejected as described below. Third-party valuations are not binding on the Company and while the Company generally does not adjust valuations it receives, the Company may challenge or reject a valuation when, based on validation criteria, the Company determines that such valuation is unreasonable or erroneous. Furthermore, the Company may determine, based on validation criteria, that for a given instrument the average of the third-party valuations received does not result in what the Company believes to be fair value, and in such circumstances the Company may override this average with its own good faith valuation. The validation criteria include the use of the Company's own models, recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments, and valuations received from third parties. The Company's valuation process, including the application of validation criteria, is overseen by the Manager's valuation committee. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the financial instruments existed and the differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.
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The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at June 30, 2014:
Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Assets: | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 145,032 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 145,032 | ||||||||
Investments, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | 1,059,901 | $ | 36,240 | $ | 1,096,141 | ||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 485,902 | 485,902 | ||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 28,047 | 28,047 | ||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | — | — | 37,415 | 37,415 | ||||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans | — | — | 23,371 | 23,371 | ||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | — | — | 81,315 | 81,315 | ||||||||||||
Real estate owned | — | — | 1,641 | 1,641 | ||||||||||||
Total investments, at fair value | — | 1,059,901 | 693,931 | 1,753,832 | ||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | 14,162 | 14,162 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | — | 21,682 | — | 21,682 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | 3,264 | — | 3,264 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | 19,422 | — | 19,422 | ||||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | 24 | — | 24 | ||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | 662 | — | 662 | ||||||||||||
Futures | 202 | — | — | 202 | ||||||||||||
Forwards | — | 52 | — | 52 | ||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | 202 | 45,106 | 14,162 | 59,470 | ||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements | — | 30,537 | — | 30,537 | ||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value and repurchase agreements | $ | 202 | $ | 1,135,544 | $ | 708,093 | $ | 1,843,839 | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments sold short, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | (802,666 | ) | $ | — | $ | (802,666 | ) | ||||||
Government debt | — | (24,457 | ) | — | (24,457 | ) | ||||||||||
Common stock | (25,723 | ) | — | — | (25,723 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short, at fair value | (25,723 | ) | (827,123 | ) | — | (852,846 | ) | |||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | — | (26,883 | ) | — | (26,883 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds | — | (2,287 | ) | — | (2,287 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | (4,680 | ) | — | (4,680 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | (350 | ) | (350 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | (12,776 | ) | — | (12,776 | ) | ||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | (44 | ) | — | (44 | ) | ||||||||||
Options | — | (76 | ) | — | (76 | ) | ||||||||||
Swaptions | — | (630 | ) | — | (630 | ) | ||||||||||
Futures | (338 | ) | — | — | (338 | ) | ||||||||||
Forwards | — | (314 | ) | — | (314 | ) | ||||||||||
Total financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value | (338 | ) | (47,690 | ) | (350 | ) | (48,378 | ) | ||||||||
Securitized debt(1) | — | — | (925 | ) | (925 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, at fair value | $ | (26,061 | ) | $ | (874,813 | ) | $ | (1,275 | ) | $ | (902,149 | ) |
(1) | The asset subject to the resecuritization had a fair value of $2.3 million as of June 30, 2014, which is included on the Consolidated Schedule of Investments under Principal and Interest Private – Label Securities. |
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Investments under the Agency residential mortgage-backed securities Level 3 category are investments in Agency interest only RMBS securities. There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the six month period ended June 30, 2014. The Company's reverse repurchase agreements are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. These liabilities are classified as Level 2 liabilities based on the adequacy of the collateral and their short term nature.
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2014:
Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average | |||||||||||||||
Description | Min | Max | |||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities (1) | $ | 423,562 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 1.88 | $ | 128.12 | $ | 77.52 | |||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | 78,864 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | 46.69 | 151.00 | 96.10 | |||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 61,415 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 4.1 | % | 16.6 | % | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 7.1 | % | 65.9 | % | 31.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 5.0 | % | 45.4 | % | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 0.3 | % | 22.0 | % | 8.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 14.2 | % | 85.4 | % | 45.3 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 9,710 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 12.5 | % | 36.6 | % | 20.0 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 0.5 | % | 3.0 | % | 1.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 5.4 | % | 14.6 | % | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 84.1 | % | 94.1 | % | 90.1 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | 2,451 | Discounted Cash Flows | Projected Collateral Prepayments | 69.4 | % | 69.4 | % | 69.4 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 0.2 | % | 0.2 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 1.0 | % | 1.0 | % | 1.0 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 29.4 | % | 29.4 | % | 29.4 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 18,337 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 14.25 | $ | 89.00 | $ | 59.26 | ||||||||||
Performing commercial mortgage loans | 20,332 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 12.7 | % | 18.1 | % | 14.6 | % | ||||||||||
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans | 17,083 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 10.3 | % | 19.7 | % | 15.5 | % | ||||||||||
Months to Resolution | 7 | 14 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-performing residential mortgage loan pools and real estate owned | 25,012 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 6.7 | % | 7.2 | % | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||
Months to Resolution | 7.0 | 29.0 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 32,922 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 5.88 | $ | 22.12 | $ | 13.61 | ||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 3,318 | Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") | LIBOR OAS(2) | 441 | 887 | 555 | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 59.6 | % | 77.4 | % | 69.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 22.6 | % | 40.4 | % | 30.3 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
34
(continued) | |||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average | |||||||||||||||
Description | Min | Max | |||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 13,812 | Net Discounted Cash Flows | Projected Collateral Prepayments | 19.1 | % | 56.3 | % | 31.1 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 16.1 | % | 48.1 | % | 32.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 7.4 | % | 16.0 | % | 12.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 16.1 | % | 42.2 | % | 23.8 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % |
(1) | Includes securitized debt with a fair value of $0.9 million as of June 30, 2014. |
(2) | Shown in basis points. |
Third-party non-binding indicative prices are validated by comparing such prices to internally generated prices based on the Company's models and to recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments.
For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset. The Company considers the expected timeline to resolution in the determination of fair value for its non-performing commercial and residential loans.
Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise.
35
The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at December 31, 2013:
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 183,489 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 183,489 | ||||||||
Investments, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | 989,842 | $ | 40,504 | $ | 1,030,346 | ||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 580,772 | 580,772 | ||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 32,994 | 32,994 | ||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | — | — | 23,887 | 23,887 | ||||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans | — | — | 24,062 | 24,062 | ||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | — | — | 38,069 | 38,069 | ||||||||||||
Total investments, at fair value | — | 989,842 | 740,288 | 1,730,130 | ||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | 16,646 | 16,646 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | — | 14,273 | — | 14,273 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | 4,937 | — | 4,937 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | 23,553 | — | 23,553 | ||||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | 4 | — | 4 | ||||||||||||
Options | — | 251 | — | 251 | ||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | — | 43,018 | 16,646 | 59,664 | ||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements | — | 27,962 | — | 27,962 | ||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value and repurchase agreements | $ | — | $ | 1,060,822 | $ | 756,934 | $ | 1,817,756 | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments sold short, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | (811,957 | ) | $ | — | $ | (811,957 | ) | ||||||
Government debt | — | (27,288 | ) | — | (27,288 | ) | ||||||||||
Common stock | (6,369 | ) | — | — | (6,369 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short, at fair value | (6,369 | ) | (839,245 | ) | — | (845,614 | ) | |||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | — | (24,949 | ) | — | (24,949 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | (11,866 | ) | — | (11,866 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | (350 | ) | (350 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | (5,064 | ) | — | (5,064 | ) | ||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | (67 | ) | — | (67 | ) | ||||||||||
Options | — | (84 | ) | — | (84 | ) | ||||||||||
Futures | (2,373 | ) | — | — | (2,373 | ) | ||||||||||
Forwards | — | (38 | ) | — | (38 | ) | ||||||||||
Total financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value | (2,373 | ) | (42,068 | ) | (350 | ) | (44,791 | ) | ||||||||
Securitized debt(1) | — | — | (983 | ) | (983 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, at fair value | $ | (8,742 | ) | $ | (881,313 | ) | $ | (1,333 | ) | $ | (891,388 | ) |
(1) | The asset subject to the resecuritization had a fair value of $2.3 million as of December 31, 2013, which is included on the Consolidated Schedule of Investments under Principal and Interest Private – Label Securities. |
Investments under the Agency residential mortgage-backed securities Level 3 category are investments in Agency interest only RMBS securities. There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2013.
36
The Company's reverse repurchase agreements are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. These liabilities are classified as Level 2 liabilities based on the adequacy of the collateral and their short term nature.
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013:
Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average | |||||||||||||||
Description | Min | Max | |||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities and Other asset-backed securities(1) | $ | 550,701 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 1.80 | $ | 110.35 | $ | 78.09 | |||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 67,158 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 3.8 | % | 20.5 | % | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 6.9 | % | 64.5 | % | 29.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 4.3 | % | 35.2 | % | 17.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 0.3 | % | 17.1 | % | 9.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 14.1 | % | 87.3 | % | 43.8 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 3,480 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 9.2 | % | 18.2 | % | 13.5 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 0.2 | % | 0.2 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 15.4 | % | 15.4 | % | 15.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 84.4 | % | 84.4 | % | 84.4 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans | 34,489 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 14.25 | $ | 102.89 | $ | 74.24 | ||||||||||
Performing commercial mortgage loans | 8,788 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 12.7 | % | 12.8 | % | 12.7 | % | ||||||||||
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans | 10,123 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 15.0 | % | 15.0 | % | 15.0 | % | ||||||||||
Months to Resolution | 5 | 7 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-performing residential mortgage loan pools | 24,062 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 7.4 | % | 7.4 | % | 7.4 | % | ||||||||||
Months to Resolution | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 38,783 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 6.26 | $ | 33.77 | $ | 14.53 | ||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 1,721 | Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") | LIBOR OAS(2) | 349 | 645 | 422 | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 49.0 | % | 58.1 | % | 51.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 41.9 | % | 51.0 | % | 48.8 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 16,296 | Net Discounted Cash Flows | Projected Collateral Prepayments | 19.3 | % | 59.0 | % | 29.9 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 15.5 | % | 47.8 | % | 34.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 8.2 | % | 15.2 | % | 13.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 15.7 | % | 41.2 | % | 22.2 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % |
(1) | Includes securitized debt with a fair value of $1.0 million as of December 31, 2013. |
(2) | Shown in basis points. |
For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the
37
collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset.
Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise.
38
The tables below include a roll-forward of the Company's financial instruments for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014
(In thousands) | Ending Balance as of March 31, 2014 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 41,375 | $ | (2,045 | ) | $ | 135 | $ | (728 | ) | $ | — | $ | (2,497 | ) | $ | — | $ | 36,240 | ||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 490,083 | 5,203 | 7,718 | 3,516 | 64,639 | (85,257 | ) | — | 485,902 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 32,645 | 147 | 3,518 | (1,979 | ) | 28,400 | (34,684 | ) | — | 28,047 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 44,005 | 521 | 871 | 169 | 3,980 | (12,131 | ) | — | 37,415 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans | 23,566 | — | 359 | 1,214 | 1,695 | (3,463 | ) | — | 23,371 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | 47,458 | (812 | ) | 450 | (492 | ) | 40,300 | (5,589 | ) | — | 81,315 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate owned | 97 | — | (10 | ) | (13 | ) | 1,658 | (91 | ) | — | 1,641 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments, at fair value | 679,229 | 3,014 | 13,041 | 1,687 | 140,672 | (143,712 | ) | — | 693,931 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 15,174 | — | (467 | ) | 586 | 417 | (1,548 | ) | — | 14,162 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value | 15,174 | — | (467 | ) | 586 | 417 | (1,548 | ) | — | 14,162 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | $ | 694,403 | $ | 3,014 | $ | 12,574 | $ | 2,273 | $ | 141,089 | $ | (145,260 | ) | $ | — | $ | 708,093 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | $ | (350 | ) | $ | — | $ | (20 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 20 | $ | — | $ | (350 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value | (350 | ) | — | (20 | ) | — | — | 20 | — | (350 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | (983 | ) | (5 | ) | — | 1 | 62 | — | — | (925 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | (983 | ) | (5 | ) | — | 1 | 62 | — | — | (925 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities and securitized debt, at fair value | $ | (1,333 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (20 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | 62 | $ | 20 | $ | — | $ | (1,275 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2014, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three month period ended June 30, 2014. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2014, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $6.0 million, $0.6 million, and $1.0 thousand, for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, and securitized debt, respectively.
39
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of March 31, 2013 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 16,228 | $ | (1,132 | ) | $ | — | $ | 68 | $ | 12,233 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,397 | ||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 557,820 | 6,471 | 4,189 | (6,636 | ) | 184,029 | (51,363 | ) | — | 694,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,778 | 41 | 324 | (771 | ) | 24,826 | (6,292 | ) | — | 23,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 9,713 | 19 | 482 | (73 | ) | 2,550 | (5,128 | ) | — | 7,563 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | 11,638 | (68 | ) | 531 | (820 | ) | 36,307 | (7,748 | ) | — | 39,840 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments, at fair value | 601,177 | 5,331 | 5,526 | (8,232 | ) | 259,945 | (70,531 | ) | — | 793,216 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 26,398 | — | (542 | ) | 1,107 | 42 | (5,871 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value | 26,398 | — | (542 | ) | 1,107 | 42 | (5,871 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | $ | 627,575 | $ | 5,331 | $ | 4,984 | $ | (7,125 | ) | $ | 259,987 | $ | (76,402 | ) | $ | — | $ | 814,350 | |||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | $ | (2 | ) | $ | — | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (540 | ) | $ | — | $ | 30 | $ | — | $ | (541 | ) | |||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value | (2 | ) | — | (29 | ) | (540 | ) | — | 30 | — | (541 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | (1,205 | ) | (11 | ) | — | (63 | ) | 111 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | (1,205 | ) | (11 | ) | — | (63 | ) | 111 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities and securitized debt, at fair value | $ | (1,207 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (603 | ) | $ | 111 | $ | 30 | $ | — | $ | (1,709 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three month period ended June 30, 2013. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $(5.0) million, $1.7 million, $(1.1) million, and $63.0 thousand, for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, respectively.
40
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of December 31, 2013 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 40,504 | $ | (4,334 | ) | $ | 170 | $ | 23 | $ | 2,554 | $ | (2,677 | ) | $ | — | $ | 36,240 | |||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 580,772 | 10,589 | 31,178 | (9,336 | ) | 154,223 | (281,524 | ) | — | 485,902 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 32,994 | 352 | 4,391 | (464 | ) | 66,169 | (75,395 | ) | — | 28,047 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 23,887 | 1,084 | 872 | (291 | ) | 24,004 | (12,141 | ) | — | 37,415 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans | 24,062 | — | 377 | 954 | 1,695 | (3,717 | ) | — | 23,371 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | 38,069 | (654 | ) | 354 | 56 | 54,187 | (10,697 | ) | — | 81,315 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate owned | — | — | (10 | ) | (17 | ) | 1,759 | (91 | ) | — | 1,641 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments, at fair value | 740,288 | 7,037 | 37,332 | (9,075 | ) | 304,591 | (386,242 | ) | — | 693,931 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 16,646 | — | 724 | (625 | ) | 456 | (3,039 | ) | — | 14,162 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value | 16,646 | — | 724 | (625 | ) | 456 | (3,039 | ) | — | 14,162 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | $ | 756,934 | $ | 7,037 | $ | 38,056 | $ | (9,700 | ) | $ | 305,047 | $ | (389,281 | ) | $ | — | $ | 708,093 | |||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | $ | (350 | ) | $ | — | $ | (39 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 39 | $ | — | $ | (350 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value | (350 | ) | — | (39 | ) | — | — | 39 | — | (350 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | (983 | ) | (12 | ) | — | (16 | ) | 86 | — | — | (925 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | (983 | ) | (12 | ) | — | (16 | ) | 86 | — | — | (925 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities and securitized debt, at fair value | $ | (1,333 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (39 | ) | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 86 | $ | 39 | $ | — | $ | (1,275 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2014, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the six month period ended June 30, 2014. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2014, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $6.2 million, $(1.5) million, and $(16.0) thousand, for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, and securitized debt, respectively.
41
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013
(In thousands) | Ending Balance as of December 31, 2012 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 6,644 | $ | (2,003 | ) | $ | — | $ | 306 | $ | 22,450 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,397 | ||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 528,366 | 13,112 | 19,790 | 17,383 | 256,862 | (141,003 | ) | — | 694,510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 19,327 | 98 | (1,124 | ) | 2,473 | 37,168 | (34,036 | ) | — | 23,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 9,546 | 27 | 482 | 86 | 2,551 | (5,129 | ) | — | 7,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | — | (117 | ) | 531 | (927 | ) | 48,101 | (7,748 | ) | — | 39,840 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments, at fair value | 563,883 | 11,117 | 19,679 | 19,321 | 367,132 | (187,916 | ) | — | 793,216 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 36,031 | — | 2,709 | (4,492 | ) | 91 | (13,205 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value | 36,031 | — | 2,709 | (4,492 | ) | 91 | (13,205 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | $ | 599,914 | $ | 11,117 | $ | 22,388 | $ | 14,829 | $ | 367,223 | $ | (201,121 | ) | $ | — | $ | 814,350 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (540 | ) | $ | — | $ | 57 | $ | — | $ | (541 | ) | |||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities, at fair value | (1 | ) | — | (57 | ) | (540 | ) | — | 57 | — | (541 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | (1,335 | ) | (20 | ) | — | 5 | 182 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | (1,335 | ) | (20 | ) | — | 5 | 182 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives– liabilities and securitized debt, at fair value | $ | (1,336 | ) | $ | (20 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (535 | ) | $ | 182 | $ | 57 | $ | — | $ | (1,709 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the six month period ended June 30, 2013. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $21.5 million, $(9.1) million, $(1.1) million, and $5.0 thousand for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, respectively.
4. To Be Announced RMBS
In addition to investing in pools of Agency RMBS, the Company transacts in the forward settling To Be Announced MBS ("TBA") market. Pursuant to these TBA transactions, the Company agrees to purchase or sell, for future delivery, Agency RMBS with certain principal and interest terms and certain types of underlying collateral, but the particular Agency RMBS to be delivered is not identified until shortly before the TBA settlement date. TBAs are liquid and have quoted market prices and represent the most actively traded class of MBS. The Company uses TBAs primarily for hedging purposes, typically in the form of short positions. However, the Company may also invest in TBAs for speculative purposes, including holding long positions. Overall, the Company typically holds a net short position.
The Company does not generally take delivery of TBAs; rather, it settles the associated receivable and payable with its trading counterparties on a net basis. Transactions with the same counterparty for the same TBA that result in a reduction of the position are treated as extinguished. The fair value of the Company's positions in long TBA contracts are reflected on the
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Schedule of Investments under TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities and the fair value of the Company's positions in TBA contracts sold short are reflected on the Schedule of Investments under TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short. The payables and receivables related to the Company's TBA securities are included on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity in Payable for securities purchased and Receivable for securities sold, respectively.
The below table details TBA assets, liabilities, and the respective related payables and receivables as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
As of | ||||||||
June 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | |||||||
Assets: | (In thousands) | |||||||
TBA securities, at fair value (Current principal: $136,038 and $101,150, respectively) | $ | 134,347 | $ | 96,856 | ||||
Receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales | 791,966 | 813,933 | ||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||
TBA securities sold short, at fair value (Current principal: -$750,647 and -$784,888, respectively) | $ | (797,705 | ) | $ | (811,957 | ) | ||
Payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases | 133,030 | 96,762 | ||||||
Net short TBA securities, at fair value | (663,358 | ) | (715,101 | ) |
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5. Financial Derivatives
Gains and losses on the Company's derivative contracts for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are summarized in the tables below:
June 30, 2014:
Derivative Type | Primary Risk Exposure | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | $ | (467 | ) | $ | 586 | $ | 724 | $ | (625 | ) | |||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | (814 | ) | (106 | ) | (2,116 | ) | 39 | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | 1,460 | (460 | ) | 2,112 | (775 | ) | |||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | 1,842 | 10 | 7,767 | 20 | |||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | (1,520 | ) | 1,949 | (48 | ) | (4,131 | ) | ||||||||||
Futures | Interest Rates | 926 | 138 | 966 | 2,573 | |||||||||||||
Forwards | Currency | 494 | (115 | ) | 505 | 52 | ||||||||||||
Other | Credit/ Interest Rates | 55 | 313 | 108 | 601 | |||||||||||||
1,976 | 2,315 | 10,018 | (2,246 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | (20 | ) | — | (39 | ) | — | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | (161 | ) | 361 | 2,442 | (1,125 | ) | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | (1,956 | ) | (656 | ) | (5,760 | ) | 3,915 | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds | Credit | 140 | (225 | ) | 140 | (225 | ) | |||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | 442 | (12 | ) | (975 | ) | 24 | |||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | (92 | ) | (7,244 | ) | (3,856 | ) | (7,713 | ) | |||||||||
Futures | Interest Rates | (153 | ) | (197 | ) | (26 | ) | (335 | ) | |||||||||
Forwards | Currency | (437 | ) | (272 | ) | (929 | ) | (276 | ) | |||||||||
Other | Credit/ Interest Rates | (556 | ) | 159 | (613 | ) | (230 | ) | ||||||||||
(2,793 | ) | (8,086 | ) | (9,616 | ) | (5,965 | ) | |||||||||||
Total | $ | (817 | ) | $ | (5,771 | ) | $ | 402 | $ | (8,211 | ) |
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June 30, 2013:
Derivative Type | Primary Risk Exposure | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | $ | (542 | ) | $ | 1,107 | $ | 2,709 | $ | (4,492 | ) | |||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | (2,634 | ) | 3,489 | (4,121 | ) | 3,514 | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | 82 | (44 | ) | 82 | (44 | ) | |||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | 42 | 66 | 4 | 127 | |||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | 500 | 15,583 | 283 | 15,962 | |||||||||||||
Futures | Interest Rates | (153 | ) | 5 | (153 | ) | 5 | |||||||||||
(2,705 | ) | 20,206 | (1,196 | ) | 15,072 | |||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | (29 | ) | (540 | ) | (57 | ) | (540 | ) | |||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | 22 | 455 | 200 | 814 | |||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | (905 | ) | 378 | (4,532 | ) | 200 | |||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | (363 | ) | (90 | ) | (395 | ) | (53 | ) | |||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | (325 | ) | 1,462 | 292 | 1,101 | ||||||||||||
Futures | Interest Rates | (622 | ) | (34 | ) | (644 | ) | (12 | ) | |||||||||
(2,222 | ) | 1,631 | (5,136 | ) | 1,510 | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | (4,927 | ) | $ | 21,837 | $ | (6,332 | ) | $ | 16,582 |
The Company uses period end notional values as a percentage of average monthly notional values outstanding by instrument type as an indicator of the volume of activity with respect to financial derivatives. For forwards, options, futures, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, and total return swaps, notional values reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments represent approximately 160%, 123%, 111%, 102%, 98%, and 92%, respectively, of average monthly notional values of each such category outstanding during the six month period ended June 30, 2014. For options, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, futures, and credit default swaps, notional values reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments represent approximately 387%, 210%, 187%, 179%, and 174%, respectively, of average monthly notional values of each such category outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company started trading foreign currency forward contracts in December 2013; foreign currency contracts outstanding at December 31, 2013 represented the entire foreign currency forward activity for the year ended December 31, 2013.
From time to time the Company enters into credit derivative contracts for which the Company sells credit protection ("written credit derivatives"). As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, all of the Company's open written credit derivatives were credit default swaps on either mortgage/asset-backed indices (ABX and CMBX indices), corporate bond indices (CDX), collectively referred to as credit indices, or on individual corporate bonds, for which the Company receives periodic payments at fixed rates from credit protection buyers, and is obligated to make payments to the credit protection buyer upon the occurrence of a "credit event" with respect to underlying reference assets.
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Written credit derivatives held by the Company at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, are summarized below:
Credit Derivatives | Amount at June 30, 2014 | Amount at December 31, 2013 | ||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives, Net | $ | 14,115 | $ | 1,421 | ||||
Fair Value of Purchased Credit Derivatives Offsetting Written Credit Derivatives with Third Parties (1) | $ | 507 | $ | 57 | ||||
Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives (2) | $ | (138,192 | ) | $ | (120,497 | ) | ||
Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives Offsetting Written Credit Derivatives with Third Parties (1) | $ | 1,590 | $ | 249 |
(1) | Offsetting transactions with third parties include purchased credit derivatives which have the same reference obligation. |
(2) | The notional value is the maximum amount that a seller of credit protection would be obligated to pay, and a buyer of credit protection would receive upon occurrence of a "credit event." Movements in the value of credit default swap transactions may require the Company or the counterparty to post or receive collateral. Amounts due or owed under credit derivative contracts with an International Swaps and Derivatives Association, or "ISDA," counterparty may be offset against amounts due or owed on other credit derivative contracts with the same ISDA counterparty. As a result, the notional amount of written credit derivatives involving a particular underlying reference asset or index has been reduced (but not below zero) by the notional amount of any contracts where the Company has purchased credit protection on the same reference asset or index with the same ISDA counterparty. |
A credit default swap on a credit index or a corporate bond typically terminates at the stated maturity date in the case of corporate indices or bonds, or, in the case of ABX and CMBX indices, the date that all of the reference assets underlying the index are paid off in full, retired, or otherwise cease to exist. Implied credit spreads may be used to determine the market value of such contracts and are reflective of the cost of buying/selling credit protection. Higher spreads would indicate a greater likelihood that a seller will be obligated to perform (i.e., make payment) under the contract. In situations where the credit quality of the underlying reference assets has deteriorated, the percentage of notional values paid up front ("points up front") is frequently used as an indication of credit risk. Credit protection sellers entering the market would expect to be paid points up front corresponding to the approximate fair value of the contract. Total net up-front payments received relating to written credit derivatives outstanding at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were $12.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
6. Borrowings under Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Company enters into reverse repurchase agreements. A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of an asset to a counterparty together with a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the transferred asset or similar asset from such counterparty at a future date. The Company accounts for its reverse repurchase agreements as collateralized borrowings, with the transferred assets effectively serving as collateral for the related borrowing. The Company's reverse repurchase agreements typically range in term from 30 to 180 days. The principal economic terms of each reverse repurchase agreement—such as loan amount, interest rate, and maturity date—are typically negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Other terms and conditions, such as relating to events of default, are typically governed under the Company's master repurchase agreements, or "MRAs." Absent an event of default, the Company maintains beneficial ownership of the transferred securities during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement and receives the related principal and interest payments. Interest rates on these borrowings are generally fixed based on prevailing rates corresponding to the terms of the borrowings, and interest is paid at the termination of the reverse repurchase agreement at which time the Company may enter into a new reverse repurchase agreement at prevailing market rates with the same counterparty, repay that counterparty and possibly negotiate financing terms with a different counterparty, or choose to no longer finance the related asset. In response to a decline in the fair value of the transferred securities, whether as a result of changes in market conditions, security paydowns, or other factors, reverse repurchase agreement counterparties will typically make a margin call, whereby the Company will be required to post additional securities and/or cash as collateral with the counterparty in order to re-establish the agreed-upon collateralization requirements. The contractual amount (loan amount) of the Company's reverse repurchase agreements approximates their fair value, as the debt is short-term in nature.
At any given time, the Company seeks to have its outstanding borrowings under reverse repurchase agreements with several different counterparties in order to reduce the exposure to any single counterparty. The Company had outstanding borrowings under reverse repurchase agreements with sixteen counterparties and fourteen counterparties, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
At June 30, 2014, approximately 39% of open reverse repurchase agreements, were with two counterparties. At December 31, 2013, approximately 39% of open reverse repurchase agreements, were with two counterparties. As of June 30, 2014 remaining days to maturity on the Company's open reverse repurchase agreements ranged from 1 to 180 days and from 2 to 180 as of December 31, 2013. Interest rates on the Company's open reverse repurchase agreements ranged from 0.26% to 2.25% as of June 30, 2014 and from 0.32% to 2.27% as of December 31, 2013.
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The following table details the Company's outstanding borrowings under reverse repurchase agreements by remaining maturity as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
(In thousands) | June 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted Average | Weighted Average | |||||||||||||||||
Remaining Maturity | Outstanding Borrowings | Interest Rate | Remaining Days to Maturity | Outstanding Borrowings | Interest Rate | Remaining Days to Maturity | ||||||||||||
30 Days or Less | $ | 368,522 | 0.66 | % | 16 | $ | 369,861 | 0.53 | % | 14 | ||||||||
31-60 Days | 348,115 | 0.68 | % | 45 | 402,206 | 1.12 | % | 45 | ||||||||||
61-90 Days | 292,692 | 0.46 | % | 74 | 320,161 | 0.78 | % | 72 | ||||||||||
91-120 Days | 3,828 | 0.38 | % | 106 | 8,233 | 1.40 | % | 100 | ||||||||||
121-150 Days | 28,875 | 0.35 | % | 136 | 38,856 | 0.49 | % | 135 | ||||||||||
151-180 Days | 146,799 | 1.70 | % | 174 | 96,849 | 1.90 | % | 179 | ||||||||||
$ | 1,188,831 | 0.74 | % | 62 | $ | 1,236,166 | 0.90 | % | 56 |
Reverse repurchase agreements involving underlying investments that we sold prior to period end, for settlement following period end, are shown using their original maturity dates even though such reverse repurchase agreements may be expected to be terminated early upon settlement of the sale of the underlying investment. Not included above are any reverse repurchase agreements that we may have entered into prior to period end for which delivery of the borrowed funds is not scheduled until after period end.
As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the fair value of investments transferred as collateral under outstanding borrowings under repurchase agreements was $1.38 billion and $1.46 billion, respectively. Collateral transferred under outstanding borrowings as of June 30, 2014 include investments in the amount of $11.7 million that were sold prior to period end but for which such sale had not yet settled. Collateral transferred under outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2013 include investments in the amount of $13.3 million that were sold prior to period end but for which such sale had not yet settled. In addition the Company posted net cash collateral of $1.3 million and additional securities with a fair value of $10.7 million as of June 30, 2014 as a result of margin calls with various counterparties. The Company posted additional net cash collateral of $2.9 million and additional securities with a fair value of $20.6 million as of December 31, 2013 as a result of margin calls with various counterparties.
7. Base Management Fee and Incentive Fee
The Company is party to a Management Agreement (which may be amended from time to time), pursuant to which the Manager manages the assets, operations, and affairs of the Company, in consideration of which the Company pays the Manager management and incentive fees. Effective March 13, 2014, the Board of Directors approved a Fifth Amended and Restated Management Agreement, between the Company and the Manager. The descriptions of the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees are detailed below.
Base Management Fees
The Operating Partnership pays the Manager 1.50% per annum of total equity of the Operating Partnership calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP as of the end of each fiscal quarter (before deductions for base management fees and incentive fees payable with respect to such fiscal quarter), provided that total equity is adjusted to exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP, as well as non-cash charges after discussion between the Manager and the Company's independent directors, and approval by a majority of the Company's independent directors in the case of non-cash charges.
Summary information—For both the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the total base management fee incurred was $2.4 million. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the total base management fee incurred was $4.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively.
Incentive Fees
The Manager is entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee equal to the positive excess, if any, of (i) the product of (A) 25% and (B) the excess of (1) Adjusted Net Income (described below) for the Incentive Calculation Period (which means such fiscal quarter and the immediately preceding three fiscal quarters) over (2) the sum of the Hurdle Amounts (described below) for the Incentive Calculation Period, over (ii) the sum of the incentive fees already paid or payable for each fiscal quarter in the Incentive Calculation Period preceding such fiscal quarter.
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For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, "Adjusted Net Income" for the Incentive Calculation Period means the net increase in equity from operations of the Operating Partnership, after all base management fees but before any incentive fees for such period, and excluding any non-cash equity compensation expenses for such period, as reduced by any Loss Carryforward (as described below) as of the end of the fiscal quarter preceding the Incentive Calculation Period.
For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, the "Loss Carryforward" as of the end of any fiscal quarter is calculated by determining the excess, if any, of (1) the Loss Carryforward as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter over (2) the Company's net increase in equity from operations (expressed as a positive number) or net decrease in equity from operations (expressed as a negative number) of the Operating Partnership for such fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2014 there was no Loss Carryforward.
For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, the "Hurdle Amount" means, with respect to any fiscal quarter, the product of (i) one-fourth of the greater of (A) 9% and (B) 3% plus the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate for such fiscal quarter, (ii) the sum of (A) the weighted average gross proceeds per share of all common share and OP Unit issuances since inception of the Company and up to the end of such fiscal quarter, with each issuance weighted by both the number of shares and OP Units issued in such issuance and the number of days that such issued shares and OP Units were outstanding during such fiscal quarter, using a first-in first-out basis of accounting (i.e. attributing any share and OP Unit repurchases to the earliest issuances first) and (B) the result obtained by dividing (I) retained earnings attributable to common shares and OP Units at the beginning of such fiscal quarter by (II) the average number of common shares and OP Units outstanding for each day during such fiscal quarter, (iii) the sum of the average number of common shares, LTIP Units, and OP Units outstanding for each day during such fiscal quarter. For purposes of determining the Hurdle Amount, issuances of common shares and OP Units (a) as equity incentive awards, (b) to the Manager as part of its base management fee or incentive fee and (c) to the Manager or any of its affiliates in privately negotiated transactions, are excluded from the calculation. The payment of the incentive fee will be in a combination of common shares and cash, provided that at least 10% of any quarterly payment will be made in common shares.
Summary information— No incentive fees were incurred for the three or six month periods ended June 30, 2014, since on a rolling four quarter basis, the Company's income did not exceed the prescribed hurdle amount. Total incentive fee incurred for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013 was $1.2 million and $3.2 million.
8. Long-Term Incentive Plan Units
In connection with its initial offering in 2007, the Company established the Manager LTIP and the Individual LTIP. Pursuant to the terms of the Manager LTIP, the Company issued 375,000 long-term incentive plan units to its Manager, which as of August 17, 2010 have been fully vested and expensed. Pursuant to the terms of the Individual LTIP, each year since inception the Company has issued annual awards to its independent directors and, beginning in 2010, issued awards to certain of its dedicated or partially dedicated personnel.
Units held pursuant to the Individual LTIPs are generally exercisable by the holder at any time after vesting. Each unit is convertible into one common share. Costs associated with the Individual LTIPs are measured as of the grant date and expensed ratably over the vesting period. Total expense associated with Individual LTIPs for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $0.06 million and $0.04 million, respectively. Total expense associated with Individual LTIPs for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $0.13 million and $0.09 million, respectively.
Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's LTIP units outstanding for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | ||||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (3/31/2014 and 3/31/2013, respectively) | 375,000 | 36,052 | 411,052 | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | |||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Exercised | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | 375,000 | 36,052 | 411,052 | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Vested and Outstanding (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | 375,000 | 20,314 | 395,314 | 375,000 | 14,250 | 389,250 |
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Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's LTIP units outstanding for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | ||||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (12/31/2013 and 12/31/2012, respectively) | 375,000 | 36,052 | 411,052 | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | |||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Exercised | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | 375,000 | 36,052 | 411,052 | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Vested and Outstanding (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | 375,000 | 20,314 | 395,314 | 375,000 | 14,250 | 389,250 |
9. Non-controlling Interests
Operating Partnership
Non-controlling interests include the interest in the Operating Partnership owned by an affiliate of the Manager and certain related parties. On January 1, 2013, 212,000 OP Units were issued to the initial non-controlling interest member. Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is based on the non-controlling interest owners' ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership during the quarter, calculated using a daily weighted average of all common shares and convertible units outstanding during the quarter. Holders of OP Units are entitled to receive the same distributions that holders of common shares receive, and OP Units are convertible into common shares on a one-for-one basis following the expiration of a two-year holding period subject to additional limitations. OP Units are non-voting with respect to matters as to which common shareholders are entitled to vote. As of June 30, 2014, non-controlling interest related to the outstanding 212,000 OP Units represented an interest of approximately 0.8% in the Operating Partnership.
EF SBC 2013-1 LLC
Non-controlling interests also include the interest of a joint venture partner in a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, EF SBC 2013-1 LLC, or "EF SBC." EF SBC holds the Company's investments in certain distressed commercial mortgage loans. The joint venture partner participates in EF SBC on a pari passu basis with the Company at a predetermined percentage, and therefore participates proportionally in all income, expense, gains and losses of EF SBC. The joint venture partner makes capital contributions to EF SBC as new approved investments are purchased by EF SBC, and is generally entitled to distributions when investments are sold or otherwise disposed of. As of June 30, 2014 the joint venture partner's interest in EF SBC was $1.9 million, representing an approximately 5% interest in EF SBC.
The joint venture partner's interest in EF SBC is not convertible into common shares of the Company or OP Units, nor is the joint venture partner entitled to receive distributions that holders of common shares of the Company receive.
10. Common Share Capitalization
Dividends are declared and paid on a quarterly basis in arrears. During the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 the Board of Directors authorized first quarter dividends of $0.77 per share. During the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Board of Directors authorized two dividends totaling $1.54 per share and $2.29 per share, respectively. Total dividends paid during the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were $20.1 million and $20.0 million, respectively. Total dividends paid during the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were $40.1 million and $52.0 million, respectively.
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Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's common shares outstanding for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||
Common Shares Outstanding (3/31/2014 and 3/31/2013, respectively) | 25,441,750 | 20,403,723 | |||
Share Activity: | |||||
Shares issued | — | 5,000,000 | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | — | 8,288 | |||
Common Shares Outstanding (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | 25,441,750 | 25,412,011 |
Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's common shares outstanding for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||
Common Shares Outstanding (12/31/2013 and 12/31/2012, respectively) | 25,428,186 | 20,370,469 | |||
Share Activity: | |||||
Shares issued | — | 5,000,000 | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 13,564 | 41,542 | |||
Common Shares Outstanding (6/30/2014 and 6/30/2013, respectively) | 25,441,750 | 25,412,011 |
If all LTIP and OP Units that have been previously issued were to become fully vested and exchanged for common shares as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company's issued and outstanding common shares would increase to 26,064,802 and 26,021,107 shares, respectively, resulting in equity per share of $24.14 and $24.51, respectively, as of June 30, 2014 and 2013.
On August 4, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors approved the adoption of a $10 million share repurchase program. The program, which is open-ended in duration, allows the Company to make repurchases from time to time on the open market or in negotiated transactions. Repurchases are at the Company's discretion, subject to applicable law, share availability, price, and the Company's financial performance, among other considerations. As of June 30, 2014, the Company has repurchased 217,619 shares under its current share repurchase program at an aggregate cost of $4.5 million, or at an average per share price of $20.59.
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11. Earnings Per Share
The components of the computation of basic and diluted EPS were as follows:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, | Six Month Period Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2014 | 2013 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands except share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations | $ | 20,947 | $ | 11,600 | $ | 43,582 | $ | 51,935 | ||||||||
Add: Net increase in equity resulting from operations attributable to the participating non-controlling interest(1) | 172 | 105 | 357 | 516 | ||||||||||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations related to common shares, LTIP unit holders, and participating non-controlling interest | 21,119 | 11,705 | 43,939 | 52,451 | ||||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations available to common share and LTIP unit holders: | ||||||||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations– common shares | 20,614 | 11,404 | 42,889 | 51,003 | ||||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations– LTIP units | 333 | 196 | 693 | 932 | ||||||||||||
Dividends Paid(2): | ||||||||||||||||
Common shareholders | (19,590 | ) | (19,567 | ) | (39,180 | ) | (50,581 | ) | ||||||||
LTIP unit holders | (317 | ) | (306 | ) | (633 | ) | (910 | ) | ||||||||
Non-controlling interest | (163 | ) | (163 | ) | (327 | ) | (485 | ) | ||||||||
Total dividends paid to common shareholders, LTIP unit holders, and non-controlling interest | (20,070 | ) | (20,036 | ) | (40,140 | ) | (51,976 | ) | ||||||||
Undistributed (Distributed in excess of) earnings: | ||||||||||||||||
Common shareholders | 1,024 | (8,163 | ) | 3,709 | 422 | |||||||||||
LTIP unit holders | 16 | (110 | ) | 60 | 22 | |||||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 9 | (58 | ) | 30 | 31 | |||||||||||
Total undistributed (distributed in excess of) earnings attributable to common shareholders, LTIP unit holders, and non-controlling interest | $ | 1,049 | $ | (8,331 | ) | $ | 3,799 | $ | 475 | |||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted): | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 25,441,750 | 23,046,550 | 25,438,677 | 21,724,721 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average participating LTIP units | 411,052 | 397,096 | 411,052 | 397,096 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average non-controlling interest units | 212,000 | 212,000 | 212,000 | 212,000 | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per common share: | ||||||||||||||||
Distributed | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.77 | $ | 1.54 | $ | 2.29 | ||||||||
Undistributed (Distributed in excess of) | 0.04 | (0.28 | ) | 0.15 | 0.06 | |||||||||||
$ | 0.81 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 1.69 | $ | 2.35 | |||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share: | ||||||||||||||||
Distributed | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.77 | $ | 1.54 | $ | 2.29 | ||||||||
Undistributed (Distributed in excess of) | 0.04 | (0.28 | ) | 0.15 | 0.06 | |||||||||||
$ | 0.81 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 1.69 | $ | 2.35 |
(1) | For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2014, excludes net increase in equity resulting from operations of $85.0 thousand and $103.0 thousand, respectively attributable to the joint venture partner, which has a non-participating interest as described in Note 9. |
(2) | The Company pays quarterly dividends in arrears, so a portion of the dividends paid in each calendar year relate to the prior year's earnings. |
12. Counterparty Risk
As of June 30, 2014, investments with an aggregate value of approximately $1.38 billion were held with dealers as collateral for various reverse repurchase agreements. The investments held as collateral include securities in the amount of $11.7 million that were sold prior to period end but for which such sale had not yet settled as of June 30, 2014.
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The following table details the percentage of such collateral held by counterparties who hold greater than 15% of the aggregate $1.38 billion in collateral for various reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2014. In addition to the below, unencumbered investments, on a settlement date basis, of approximately $146.5 million were held in custody at the Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.
Dealer | % of Total Collateral on Reverse Repurchase Agreements | |
Royal Bank of Canada | 21% | |
Deutsche Bank | 16% |
The following table details the percentage of collateral amounts held by dealers who hold greater than 15% of the Company's Due from Brokers, included as of June 30, 2014:
Dealer | % of Total Due from Brokers | |
Morgan Stanley | 45% | |
Citigroup | 25% | |
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. | 19% |
The following table details the percentage of amounts held by dealers who hold greater than 15% of the Company's Receivable for securities sold as of June 30, 2014:
Dealer | % of Total Receivable for Securities Sold | |
Goldman, Sachs & Co. | 29% | |
Morgan Stanley | 21% | |
CS First Boston | 18% |
In addition the Company held cash and cash equivalents of $145.0 million and $183.5 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The below table details the concentration of cash and cash equivalents held by counterparty:
As of | ||||
Counterparty | June 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||
Bank of New York Mellon Corporation | 45% | 73% | ||
JP Morgan Prime Money Market Premier Fund | 34% | 27% | ||
Goldman Sachs Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund | 21% | —% |
13. Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities
The Company records financial instruments at fair value as described in Note 3. All financial instruments are recorded on a gross basis on the Condensed Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. In connection with its derivative, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and the related trading agreements, the Company and its counterparties are required to pledge collateral. Cash or other collateral is exchanged as required with each of the Company's counterparties in connection with open derivative positions, repurchase agreements, and reverse repurchase agreements.
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The following tables present information about certain assets and liabilities representing financial instruments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Company has not entered into master netting agreements with any of its counterparties. Certain of the Company's repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements and financial derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide a right of offset in the event of default or in the event of a bankruptcy of either party to the transaction.
June 30, 2014:
Description | Amount of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity(1) | Financial Instruments Available for Offset | Financial Instruments Transferred or Pledged as Collateral(2)(3) | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged(2)(3) | Net Amount | |||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets | $ | 59,470 | $ | (22,056 | ) | $ | — | $ | (25,158 | ) | $ | 12,256 | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements | 30,537 | (30,537 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities | (48,378 | ) | 22,056 | — | 26,322 | — | ||||||||||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements | (1,188,831 | ) | 30,537 | 1,156,979 | 1,315 | — |
December 31, 2013:
Description | Amount of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity(1) | Financial Instruments Available for Offset | Financial Instruments Transferred or Pledged as Collateral(2)(3) | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged(2)(3) | Net Amount | |||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–assets | $ | 59,664 | $ | (24,162 | ) | $ | — | $ | (17,273 | ) | $ | 18,229 | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements | 27,962 | (27,962 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives–liabilities | (44,791 | ) | 24,162 | — | 20,629 | — | ||||||||||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements | (1,236,166 | ) | 27,962 | 1,205,278 | 2,926 | — |
(1) | In the Company's Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity, all balances associated with repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and financial derivatives are presented on a gross basis. |
(2) | For the purpose of this presentation, for each row the total amount of financial instruments transferred or pledged and cash collateral (received) or pledged may not exceed the applicable gross amount of assets or (liabilities) as presented here. Therefore, we have reduced the amount of financial instruments transferred or pledged as collateral related to our reverse repurchase agreements and cash collateral pledged on our financial derivative liabilities. Total financial instruments transferred or pledged as collateral on our reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were $1.39 billion and $1.48 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, total cash collateral on financial derivative assets excludes excess net cash collateral received of $1.1 million and pledged of $3.2 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, total cash collateral on financial derivative liabilities excludes excess cash collateral pledged of $37.4 million and $36.4 million, respectively. |
(3) | When collateral is pledged to or pledged by a counterparty, it is often pledged or posted with respect to all positions with such counterparty, and in such cases such collateral cannot be specifically identified as relating to a specific asset or liability. As a result, in preparing the above tables, the Company has made assumptions in allocating pledged or posted collateral among the various rows. |
14. Contingencies and Commitments
The Company provides current directors and officers with a limited indemnification against liabilities arising in connection with the performance of their duties to the Company.
In the normal course of business the Company may also enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations, warranties and general indemnifications. The Company's maximum exposure under these arrangements, including future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred, is unknown. The Company has not incurred any costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. The Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
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15. Financial Highlights
Results of Operations for a Share Outstanding Throughout the Periods:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||
Beginning Shareholders' Equity Per Share (3/31/2014, 3/31/2013, 12/31/2013, and 12/31/2012, respectively) | $ | 24.49 | $ | 25.28 | $ | 24.40 | $ | 24.86 | |||||||
Net Investment Income | 0.51 | 0.53 | 1.06 | 1.05 | |||||||||||
Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) | 0.33 | (0.02 | ) | 0.67 | 1.36 | ||||||||||
Results of Operations Attributable to Equity | 0.84 | 0.51 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
Less: Results of Operations Attributable to Non-controlling Interests | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.02 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||||||||
Results of Operations Attributable to Shareholders' Equity(1) | 0.83 | 0.51 | 1.71 | 2.39 | |||||||||||
Dividends Paid to Common Shareholders | (0.77 | ) | (0.77 | ) | (1.54 | ) | (2.29 | ) | |||||||
Weighted Average Share Impact on Dividends Paid (2) | (0.02 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.10 | ) | |||||||
Accretive (Dilutive) Effect of Share Issuances (Net of Offering Costs), Share Repurchases, and Adjustments to Non-controlling Interest | — | — | — | 0.06 | |||||||||||
Ending Shareholders' Equity Per Share (6/30/2014, 6/30/2013, 6/30/2014, and 6/30/2013, respectively)(3) | $ | 24.53 | $ | 24.92 | $ | 24.53 | $ | 24.92 | |||||||
Shares Outstanding, end of period | 25,441,750 | 25,412,011 | 25,441,750 | 25,412,011 |
(1) | Calculated based on average common shares outstanding and can differ from the calculation for EPS (See Note 11). |
(2) | Per share impact on dividends paid relating to share issuances/repurchases during the period as well as dividends paid to LTIP and OP Unit holders. |
(3) | If all LTIP units and OP Units previously issued were vested and exchanged for common shares as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, shareholders' equity per share would be $24.14 and $24.51, respectively. |
Total Return:
The Company calculates its total return two ways, one based on its reported net asset value and the other based on its publicly-traded share price.
The following table illustrates the Company's total return for the periods presented based on net asset value:
Net Asset Based Total Return for a Shareholder: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||
Total Return | 3.36% | 1.57% | 7.03% | 9.57% |
(1) | Total return is calculated assuming reinvestment of distributions at shareholders' equity per share during the period. |
Supplemental Information—Net Asset Based Total Return for a Shareholder assuming conversion of all LTIP and OP Units: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | ||
Total Return | 1.71% | 5.33% |
(1) | Total return is calculated assuming all LTIP and OP Units had been converted into common shares at June 30, 2014. LTIP and OP Units outstanding at June 30, 2014 totaled 623,052 and represent 2.39% of total common shares and LTIP and OP Units outstanding as of that date. |
Market Based Total Return for a Shareholder:
For the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company's market based total return based on the closing price as reported by the New York Stock Exchange was 3.98% and (4.93)%, respectively. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company's market based total return based on the closing price as reported by the New York Stock Exchange was 12.76% and 11.13%, respectively. Calculation of market based total return assumes the reinvestment of dividends at the closing price as reported by the New York Stock Exchange as of the ex-date.
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Net Investment Income Ratio to Average Equity: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||
Net Investment Income (2)(3) | 8.27% | 9.00% | 8.67% | 8.83% |
(1) | Average equity is calculated using month end values. |
(2) | Includes incentive fee in calculation which can vary substantially over periods. |
(3) | Includes all items of income and expense on an annualized basis except for incentive fee expense which is included on a non-annualized basis. |
Expense Ratios to Average Equity: (1)(2)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||||
Operating expenses before incentive fee, interest expense, and other investment related expenses | (2.76)% | (2.81)% | (2.78)% | (2.79)% | |||
Incentive fee | —% | (0.20)% | —% | (0.58)% | |||
Interest expense and other investment related expenses | (2.32)% | (2.01)% | (2.15)% | (1.83)% | |||
Total Expenses | (5.08)% | (5.02)% | (4.93)% | (5.20)% |
(1) | Average equity is calculated using month end values. |
(2) | Ratios are annualized except for the incentive fee which is not annualized. |
16. Subsequent Events
On August 5, 2014, the Company's Board of Directors approved a dividend for the second quarter of 2014 in the amount of $0.77 per share payable on September 15, 2014 to shareholders of record as of August 29, 2014.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except where the context suggests otherwise, "EFC," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Ellington Financial LLC and its subsidiaries, our "Manager" refers to Ellington Financial Management LLC, our external manager, and "Ellington" refers to Ellington Management Group, L.L.C. and its affiliated investment advisory firms.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or in press releases or other written or oral communications issued or made by us, statements which are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "project," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "would," "could," "goal," "objective," "will," "may," "seek," or similar expressions, are intended to identify "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, as such, may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions.
Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions, and expectations are subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. The following factors are examples of those that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements: changes in interest rates and the market value of our securities; market volatility; changes in the prepayment rates on the mortgage loans underlying our agency securities; increased rates of default and/or decreased recovery rates on our assets; the availability and costs of financing to fund our assets; changes in government regulations affecting our business; our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"); and risks associated with investing in real estate assets, including changes in business conditions and the general economy. These and other risks, uncertainties and factors, including the risk factors described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 as filed with the SEC, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied in any forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Executive Summary
We are a specialty finance company that acquires and manages mortgage-related assets, including residential mortgage-backed securities, or "RMBS," backed by prime jumbo, Alt-A, manufactured housing, and subprime residential mortgage loans, RMBS for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise, residential mortgage loans, mortgage-related derivatives, commercial mortgage-backed securities, or "CMBS," commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt, as well as corporate debt and equity securities, and derivatives. We also may opportunistically acquire and manage other types of financial asset classes, such as securities backed by consumer and commercial assets, or "ABS," non-mortgage-related derivatives, and real property. We are externally managed and advised by our Manager, an affiliate of Ellington. Ellington is a registered investment adviser with a 19-year history of investing in a broad spectrum of mortgage-backed securities, or "MBS," and related derivatives.
We conduct all of our operations and business activities through Ellington Financial Operating Partnership LLC, our consolidated operating partnership subsidiary (the "Operating Partnership"). As of June 30, 2014, we have an ownership interest of approximately 99.2% in the Operating Partnership. The interest of approximately 0.8% not owned by us represents the interest in the Operating Partnership that is owned by an affiliate of our Manager and certain related parties, and is reflected in our financial statements as a non-controlling interest.
Our primary objective is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted total returns for our shareholders. We seek to attain this objective by utilizing an opportunistic strategy to make investments, without restriction as to ratings, structure, or position in the capital structure, that we believe compensate us appropriately for the risks associated with them rather than targeting a specific yield. Our evaluation of the potential risk-adjusted return of any potential investment typically involves weighing the potential returns of such investment under a variety of economic scenarios against the perceived likelihood of the various scenarios. Potential investments subject to greater risk (such as those with lower credit ratings and/or those with a lower position in the capital structure) will generally require a higher potential return to be attractive in comparison to investment alternatives with lower potential return and a lower degree of risk. However, at any particular point in time, depending on how we perceive the market's pricing of risk both generally and across sectors, we may favor higher-risk assets or we may favor lower-risk assets, or a combination of the two in the interests of portfolio diversification or other considerations.
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Through June 30, 2014, our non-Agency RMBS strategy has been the primary driver of our risk and return, and we expect that this will continue in the near term. However, while we believe opportunities in U.S. MBS remain, we believe other asset classes offer attractive returns as well as asset diversification. These asset classes include residential and commercial mortgage loans, which can be performing, non-performing or sub-performing; collateral loan obligations, or "CLOs"; European non-dollar denominated investments; and other structured investments comprised of or backed by real estate or consumer receivables. These asset classes along with our non-Agency MBS and real estate owned are collectively referred to as our non-Agency portfolio. We believe that Ellington's proprietary research and analytics allows our Manager to identify attractive assets in these classes, value these assets, monitor and forecast the performance of these assets, and opportunistically hedge our risk with respect to these assets.
We continue to maintain a highly leveraged portfolio of Agency RMBS to take advantage of opportunities in that market sector and to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Unless we acquire very substantial amounts of whole mortgage loans or there are changes to the rules and regulations applicable to us under the Investment Company Act, we expect that we will always maintain some core amount of Agency RMBS.
We also use leverage in our non-Agency strategy, albeit significantly less leverage than that used in our Agency RMBS strategy. Through June 30, 2014, we financed our asset purchases almost exclusively through reverse repurchase agreements, or "reverse repos," which we account for as collateralized borrowings. In January 2012, we completed a small resecuritization transaction using one of our non-Agency RMBS assets; this transaction is accounted for as a collateralized borrowing and is classified on our Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity as "Securitized debt." This securitized debt represents long-term financing for the related asset, in contrast to our reverse repos collateralized by non-Agency assets, which typically have 30 to 180 day terms. However, we expect to continue to obtain the vast majority of our financing through the use of reverse repos.
The strategies that we employ are intended to capitalize on opportunities in the current market environment. We intend to adjust our strategies to changing market conditions by shifting our asset allocations across various asset classes as credit and liquidity trends evolve over time. We believe that this flexibility, combined with Ellington's experience, will help us generate more consistent returns on our capital throughout changing market cycles.
In the latter part of the second quarter of 2013, we increased our level of cash holdings, both as a buffer against increased market volatility and so as to be able to take advantage of potential investment opportunities. While as of June 30, 2014, we continue to maintain a higher level of cash, we reduced the amount held relative to March 31, 2014 and prior periods.
As of June 30, 2014, outstanding borrowings under reverse repos and securitized debt were $1.2 billion and our debt-to-equity ratio was 1.89 to 1. Our debt-to-equity ratio does not account for liabilities other than debt financings. Of our total borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2014, approximately 74.9%, or $891.0 million, relates to our Agency RMBS holdings. The remaining outstanding borrowings relate to our non-Agency MBS and other ABS.
We opportunistically hedge our credit risk, interest rate risk, and foreign currency risk; however, at any point in time we may choose not to hedge all or a portion of these risks, and we will generally not hedge those risks that we believe are appropriate for us to take at such time, or that we believe would be impractical or prohibitively expensive to hedge.
We believe that we have been organized and have operated so that we have qualified, and will continue to qualify, to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as an association or a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation.
As of June 30, 2014, our diluted book value per share was $24.14 as compared to $24.10 as of March 31, 2014 and $23.99 as of December 31, 2013.
Trends and Recent Market Developments
Key trends and recent market developments for the U.S. mortgage market include the following:
• | Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy—Since December 2013, the U.S. Federal Reserve, or "Federal Reserve," has announced six incremental reductions of its purchases of Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities under its accommodative monetary policies. Thus far, taper announcements by the Federal Reserve have each been in increments of $10 billion, with the monthly asset purchasing pace now standing at $25 billion per month, down from a pace of $85 billion per month in late 2013; |
• | Housing and Mortgage Market Statistics—Data released by S&P Indices for its S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices for May 2014 showed, consistent with recent months, that the pace of home price appreciation slowed; meanwhile the Freddie Mac survey 30-year mortgage rate ended the second quarter at 4.14%, down from 4.40% at March 31, 2014; |
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• | Government Sponsored Enterprise, or "GSE," Developments—While several proposals have been put forth, no definitive legislation has yet been enacted to replace or eliminate the GSEs or materially revise their current roles in the U.S. mortgage market. In May 2014, Federal Housing Finance Agency, or "FHFA," Director Mel Watt presented the 2014 Strategic Plan for the Conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the 2014 Conservatorship Scorecard for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, providing new strategic goals reflective of his tendency to favor policies that promote affordability and the expansion of credit availability; |
• | Bank Regulatory Capital—Proposed changes will increase regulatory capital requirements for the largest, most systemically significant U.S. banks and their holding companies. While these changes could ultimately alter these institutions' appetite for various risk-taking activities, and could ultimately affect the terms and availability of our repo financing, thus far repo financing has remained readily available and in fact, competition among banks and other lending institutions to provide repo financing has actually increased; |
• | Portfolio Overview and Outlook—Both non-Agency and Agency assets rallied during the second quarter, as interest rates declined and volatility remained relatively muted. In addition, non-Agency RMBS continued to be supported by overall positive trends in home prices as well as a declining level of foreclosure inventory. Agency RMBS were supported by low prepayment activity (in spite of lower mortgage rates) and relatively low production of Agency mortgages. |
Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy
Since December 2013, the Federal Reserve has announced six incremental reductions in its purchases of Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities under its accommodative monetary policies. Prior to these "taper" announcements, and since September 2012, the Federal Reserve had been purchasing long-dated U.S. Treasury securities and Agency RMBS assets at the pace of $85 billion per month, comprised of $45 billion of U.S. Treasury securities and $40 billion of Agency RMBS. Based on the announcements, the combined monthly reduction in asset purchases currently amounts to $60 billion, split evenly between Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities, leaving current monthly purchases of Agency RMBS at $10 billion and U.S. Treasury securities at $15 billion. The Federal Reserve has stated that it will further reduce its monthly purchases if conditions continue to broadly improve as anticipated, although it expects to continue to reinvest principal payments from its holdings into additional asset purchases. Notwithstanding its view that the broader economy has strengthened considerably, the Federal Reserve continues to express concern that inflation persistently below its 2% objective could pose risks to economic performance.
In its July 2014 statement, in addition to announcing its intention to further reduce its monthly asset purchases, the Federal Open Market Committee, or "FOMC," reiterated its intention to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 0% to 0.25%. The FOMC also indicated that it continues to anticipate, based on its assessment of labor market conditions, inflationary pressures and expectations, and other factors that it will likely maintain the current target range for the federal funds rate for a considerable time after the asset purchase program ends.
Since the Federal Reserve's initial taper announcement in December 2013, long-term interest rates have declined. As of June 30, 2014, the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield was 2.53% as compared to 2.72% as of March 31, 2014 and 3.03% as of December 31, 2013. Prices of Agency RMBS have also rallied. For example, the price of TBA 30-year Fannie Mae 3.5s, a widely traded Agency RMBS, rose to 102.78 as of June 30, 2014, up from 100.66 at March 31, 2014 and 99.34 as of December 31, 2013.
Notwithstanding the recent decline in interest rates, we believe that there remains substantial risk that interest rates could begin to rise again. Market speculation has shifted from the tapering of asset purchases by the Federal Reserve to the timing of a tightening of monetary policy through interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve. This reinforces the importance of our ability to hedge interest rate risk in both our Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS portfolios using a variety of tools, including TBAs, interest rate swaps, and various other instruments.
Housing and Mortgage Market Statistics
The following table demonstrates the decline in residential mortgage delinquencies and foreclosure inventory on a national level, as reported by CoreLogic in its June 2014 National Foreclosure Report:
As of | ||||||
Number of Units(1) | June 2014 | June 2013 | ||||
Seriously Delinquent Mortgages | 1,679 | 2,224 | ||||
Foreclosure Inventory | 648 | 998 |
(1) Shown in thousands of units.
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Note: Seriously Delinquent Mortgages are ninety days and over in delinquency and include foreclosures and Real Estate Owned, or "REO," property.
As the above table indicates, both the number of seriously delinquent mortgages and the number of homes in foreclosure have declined significantly over the past year. This decline supports the thesis that as many homeowners have re-established equity in their homes through recovering real estate prices, they have become less likely to become delinquent and default on their mortgages.
Monthly housing starts provide another indicator of market fundamentals. The following table shows the trailing three-month average housing starts for the periods referenced:
June 2014 | May 2014 | June 2013 | |||||||
Single-family(1) | 619 | 639 | 596 | ||||||
Multi-family(1) | 351 | 350 | 256 |
(1) Shown in thousands of units.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
As of June 2014, average single-family housing starts during the trailing three months fell 3.1% as compared to May 2014, to 619,000 units. Multi-family housing starts were essentially unchanged during the same period. On a year-over-year basis, while multi-family housing starts during the trailing three months increased over 37% from June 2013, single-family housing starts essentially remained flat, as continuing tight residential mortgage loan underwriting standards have likely impacted demand for new single-family homes. Even though home prices have recovered meaningfully over the last few years, this recovery has not translated into growth in single-family housing starts. This suggests that the recovery in home prices may have been driven more by the active purchase of foreclosure inventory by institutional investors, as opposed to by an increase in demand for traditional owner-occupied single-family housing.
Data released by S&P Indices for its S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices for May 2014 showed that, on average, home prices had increased from May 2013 by 9.4% and 9.3% for its 10- and 20-City Composites, respectively, rising at their slowest pace since February 2013. Recently, the home price indices have flattened out, suggesting that the pace of home price appreciation in 2013 will likely not be repeated in 2014. Compared to December 2013, the 10- and 20-City Composites increased 2.9% and 3.0%, respectively. According to the report, home prices remain below the peak levels of 2006, but, on average, are back to their summer 2004 levels for both the 10- and 20-City Composites. Finally, as indicated in the table above, as of June 2014, the national inventory of foreclosed homes fell to 648,000 units, a 25% decline when compared to June 2013; this represented the thirty-second consecutive month with a year-over-year decline and the lowest level since November 2008. As a result, there are much fewer unsold foreclosed homes overhanging the housing market than there were a year ago. We believe that near-term home price trends are more likely to be driven by fundamental factors such as economic growth, mortgage rates, and affordability, rather than by technical factors such as shadow inventory. Shadow inventory represents the number of properties that are seriously delinquent, in foreclosure, or held as REO by mortgage servicers, but not currently listed on multiple listing services.
The Freddie Mac survey 30-year fixed mortgage rate ended the second quarter at 4.14%, a 26 basis point decline from the end of the first quarter. The Refinance Index published by the Mortgage Bankers Association, or "MBA," fell approximately 4.8% over the second quarter on a seasonally adjusted basis, and similarly the MBA's Market Composite Index, a measure of mortgage application volume, fell 2.6% over the second quarter on a seasonally adjusted basis. The decreases in the indices in the second quarter reversed much of the gains during the first quarter and continued the 2013 trend whereby both indices declined.
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The table below illustrates the relationship between the Freddie Mac survey 30-year fixed mortgage rate and the MBA Refinance Index since September 2012. Generally speaking, over the period from September 2012 through September 2013, mortgage rates and the level of refinancing activity were nearly linearly correlated. However, following September 2013 and through June 2014, there has been a decoupling of these two time series. As the figure below shows, by June 2014 the MBA Refinance Index was meaningfully lower than one might have expected given the nearly linear relationship that had existed between the two indices from September 2012 to September 2013. One possible explanation for this divergence is that because mortgage rates were so low for so long before finally increasing in mid-2013, many borrowers may now believe that they have missed the opportunity to refinance. It is a central question in the Agency RMBS market whether these subdued refinancing speeds will continue to persist, and if so, for how long.
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On August 1, 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, or "BLS," reported that, as of July 2014 the U.S. unemployment rate increased slightly to 6.2%. Another, perhaps more relevant, measure of labor market conditions is employment growth, which has been relatively robust in recent months. The BLS also reported that non-farm payrolls rose by 209,000 during July, a level that is considered reflective of improving labor market conditions. While it is difficult to quantify the relationship between employment data and the housing and mortgage markets, we believe that current levels of unemployment and job creation no longer represent a significant impediment to a continuing housing recovery. However, the continued recovery of the housing market, while supported by still-historically-low mortgage rates and the momentum of improving home prices, faces a number of potential headwinds. These include volatility in interest rates, the sluggish rate of growth in housing starts and new loan origination, and the uneven pace of the recovery of the U.S. economy.
GSE Developments
On May 13, 2014, Mel Watt, director of FHFA, presented the FHFA's 2014 Strategic Plan for the Conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, or "Strategic Plan," and the 2014 Conservatorship Scorecard for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Strategic Plan outlines the FHFA's plan to clarify and refine representation and warranty guidelines. Examples offered by Watt include the GSE's relaxation of payment history requirements and elimination of automatic repurchases when mortgage insurance is rescinded. Reflective of his tendency to favor policies that promote affordability through expanded credit, Watt announced that the FHFA will maintain conforming loan limits for GSEs rather than implementing the reductions that were proposed in late 2013 by former FHFA director Ed DeMarco. Credit risk transfers to private investors, which increase capital flows while reducing tax payer risk, are to grow to $90 billion per agency, triple the amount required in 2013. The FHFA continues to re-evaluate the implementation of DeMarco's proposed initiative to raise guarantee fees, or "g-fees," on new Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac business. G-fees are the fees charged by the GSEs to include mortgage loans in Agency pools,
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and thereby insure the mortgage loan against loss. Since these fees are passed on to borrowers whose loans are originated for inclusion in Agency pools, increased g-fees have the effect of reducing housing affordability for GSE borrowers, but potentially make it more attractive for private lenders to replace the GSEs. Decreased expectations of g-fee increases are suggestive of potentially faster prepayment speeds.
Under Watt, the FHFA has reinvigorated the Home Affordable Finance Program, or "HARP," outreach effort by hosting town hall-style meetings in areas with high concentrations of borrowers eligible for the program, which targets high loan-to-value loans owned or guaranteed by GSEs. We believe this may result in only marginally higher refinancings for higher coupon loans to pre-HARP borrowers.
To date, no definitive legislation has been enacted with respect to a possible unwinding of the GSEs or a material reduction in their roles in the U.S. mortgage market. There have been several proposals offered by members of Congress, including the Corker-Warner bill introduced in June 2013, the Johnson-Crapo bill introduced in March 2014, and the Partnership to Strengthen Homeownership Act, which was introduced in July 2014. Though it appears unlikely that one of these bills will be passed in its current form, features may be incorporated into future proposals.
The Johnson-Crapo bill would create a new regulator, the Federal Mortgage Insurance Corp., or "FMIC." The FMIC's backing for MBS would come in the form of a Mortgage Insurance Fund, which would be designed to protect investors' losses beyond a 10% first-loss position held by private investors. The FMIC would supervise private-sector participants in the mortgage sector and provide additional means of support to the mortgage market during economic downturns. The FMIC would also be responsible for establishing securitization standards and underwriting requirements for any loans that are included in securities guaranteed by the FMIC. The Johnson-Crapo bill also details how regulators would wind down Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and begin the transition to the new housing finance system. The plan provides for the process to take place over a five-year period, at the end of which the FMIC would be required to have met several benchmarks, including establishing a new securitization platform and approving a "sufficient number" of guarantors, aggregators, private mortgage insurers, and multi-family guarantors.
The Partnership to Strengthen Homeownership Act proposes a Ginnie Mae insurance program whereby private investors would own a minimum 5% first-loss position in all pools guaranteed by the agency, with Ginnie Mae and a private reinsurer sharing the remaining 95% of the risk on a pari passu basis. Provisions for the wind-down and potential privatization and recapitalization of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are also provided.
Passage of any GSE reform bill before the upcoming mid-term elections in November will be challenging. Ultimately, we believe that a reduced role for (or elimination of) the GSEs would present many opportunities for us and other private investors to fill the resulting void.
Bank Regulatory Capital Changes
Upcoming changes in banking regulations could impact MBS and ABS pricing, as well as the availability and cost of financing of MBS and ABS assets. The Federal Reserve's current implementation of the Basel III rules on bank Supplementary Leverage Ratios, or "SLRs," will significantly curtail the extent to which banks will be permitted to net certain repo and reverse repo agreements against each other when calculating their capital requirements. In addition, rules recently adopted by the Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency will require the largest U.S. bank holding companies to hold capital equal to 5% of total assets, thus going beyond the 3% minimum set by Basel III rules. As a consequence, in an effort to maximize return on equity, banks may be incentivized to reduce their repo financing operations, especially for lower-profit-margin financings such as those involving U.S. Treasury securities and Agency RMBS. U.S. banking regulators also released a notice of proposed rulemaking outlining some minor changes to the SLR rules that would make the U.S. SLR definitions more similar to those currently used in Europe. In particular, these proposed rules would result in slightly more stringent capital treatment of repo lending activities. In addition, full implementation of Basel III regulations, in particular the carve-out rules related to accumulated other comprehensive income, or "AOCI," are likely to reduce bank demand for assets with higher duration, and as a result could hurt the liquidity of the tradable MBS market. Under the AOCI carve-out rules, banks with more than $250 billion in assets will be required to include mark-to-market gains and losses on available-for-sale, or "AFS," securities when calculating their Tier 1 capital. This incentivizes banks to classify Agency RMBS as held-to-maturity and other illiquid assets, effectively locking more bank-held Agency RMBS out of the tradable market, and thus reducing market liquidity. In addition, banks will likely want to reduce the risk of their AFS securities holdings, which will incentivize them to hold lower duration assets such as 15-year Agency RMBS. While our access to repo financing continues to not be negatively impacted, it is still possible that certain of our lending institutions could, in the future, decide to curtail their repo lending activities in response to these developments, particularly in connection with repo financing on Agency RMBS. However, it is also possible that these changes will create opportunities for smaller banks and/or non-bank
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lenders to enter the repo financing market, and in fact we continue to see smaller broker-dealers becoming more active in the Agency pool repo financing market.
Portfolio Overview and Outlook
Non-Agency
As of June 30, 2014, the value of our long non-Agency portfolio was $657.7 million, as compared to $637.9 million as of March 31, 2014, representing an increase of 3.1%. Over the course of the second quarter, we increased our holdings of CLOs, European non-dollar denominated RMBS, and non-performing/sub-performing residential loans. Our holdings of non-Agency RMBS and CMBS declined slightly.
Credit spreads on non-Agency RMBS continued to tighten over the course of the second quarter, as strong investor appetite, propelled in large part by retail bond fund inflows, has fueled demand for higher yielding assets among fixed income products. While non-Agency RMBS credit spreads have tightened, we are still finding attractive buying opportunities, for example in sectors where we believe defaults have finally "burned out," but where market prices have yet to reflect much default burnout. At the same time, we have taken advantage of the spread tightening by opportunistically selling assets that we believe have become overvalued, since we continue to believe that certain non-Agency RMBS sectors may now have limited remaining upside potential. For example, we believe that the recent increases in home prices have led the market to ascribe too much value to certain later vintage sub-prime RMBS securities. In fact, we believe that the combination of longer resolution timelines and adverse selection of the remaining delinquent loans within these securities implies that loss severities may not come down at all. As yields continue to compress in the non-Agency RMBS market, factors such as these make prudent and careful security selection, based on loan level analysis performed on a security by security basis, of paramount importance.
While we believe that fundamental factors, such as home price appreciation and a declining foreclosure inventory, remain relatively positive for non-Agency RMBS, we believe that on the technical side the non-Agency MBS market remains vulnerable, especially to a resumption of increases in long-term interest rates. The non-Agency MBS market has become dominated by large bond mutual funds, and is therefore now driven indirectly by the large-scale behavior of retail investors. This behavior tends to be much more momentum-driven, as evidenced in mid-2013 when the increase in U.S. Treasury yields was followed by substantial retail bond fund outflows, thereby putting downward pressure on prices as redemptions forced bond mutual fund managers to sell assets. This technical vulnerability has been heightened further by the fact that dealers, faced with regulatory requirements such as Basel III and the Volcker Rule, are no longer willing to hold large inventories of non-Agency MBS, and thus are no longer able to absorb large-scale selling by bond funds into their inventories. In the meantime, however, demand for non-Agency MBS assets remains strong.
While CMBS new issuance volume declined approximately 3% to $25.8 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to same period of 2013, CMBS assets performed very well during the second quarter as credit spreads have generally continued to tighten in this sector as well. We expect that new issuance of CMBS may pick up in the second half of 2014, as volume has increased significantly in the month of July. We continue to find attractive opportunities in CMBS "B-pieces," which are the most subordinated (and therefore the highest yielding and riskiest) tranches. Ellington is among the most active participants in this market, and we believe that these assets represent an attractive complement to our legacy CMBS holdings, which tend to be lower yielding, but more actively traded. We are also actively sourcing various private transactions in the commercial real estate space. As of June 30, 2014, our investment in CMBS was $28.0 million, as compared to $32.6 million as of March 31, 2014.
We continue see compelling opportunities in distressed small balance commercial loans. As of June 30, 2014, we had investments in ten loans with a value of $37.4 million, compared to twelve loans valued at $39.0 million as of March 31, 2014. The number and value of our loans held may fluctuate significantly from period to period, especially as these distressed loans are resolved or sold. Our investments in this asset class have performed extremely well, and we are continuing to source new opportunities.
Our European non-dollar denominated RMBS holdings have also performed well, and as mentioned above, during the second quarter we increased our holdings within this asset class. As of June 30, 2014, we had investments in European non-dollar denominated RMBS of $29.2 million, up from $26.1 million as of March 31, 2014. Our holdings include RMBS denominated in British pounds as well as in euros, and include mezzanine as well as senior tranches. Our strategy of focusing on smaller, undervalued securities paid off during the second quarter, as we were able to sell some of our first quarter purchases at attractive profits. We expect that the volume of asset sales from European banks will increase significantly in 2014, as regulators continue to put pressure on these banks to reduce the overall size of their balance sheets, increase capital ratios and divest non-core activities.
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The rally in residential non-performing/sub-performing loans, or "residential NPLs," continued in the second quarter, with whole loan prices reaching new post-crisis highs on improved financing, rising home prices, and broad institutional demand outweighing supply. In general, residential NPL prices are up several points in 2014, with residential NPLs from large national banks generally trading, as a percentage of underlying property value, in the mid-to-high 60%'s in judicial foreclosure states and high-70%'s to low 80%'s in non-judicial foreclosure states. The positive price performance is largely due to increased institutional interest in and support for the sector. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's, or "HUD's," June 2014 NPL auction drew bids from 27 different institutional investors, as compared to only 16 bidders for a HUD NPL pool offered one year ago. Bidders in the June 2014 auction included hedge funds, private equity funds, REITs, and investment banks. After a slow first quarter, transaction volume increased notably during the second quarter, although these transactions were highly concentrated, with roughly two-thirds of the quarter's volume attributable to HUD activity.
During the second quarter, we purchased just one small pool of residential NPLs. Given the run-up in prices of assets in this sector, we have acquired residential NPLs at a slower pace than we originally anticipated. However, with Freddie Mac entering the market in July as a seller, in its first ever auction of residential NPLs, we remain optimistic that we will continue to see a heavy volume of residential NPLs, and that this will ultimately generate additional opportunities for us. Meanwhile, we are focusing our efforts on acquiring smaller pools. These opportunities typically originate from smaller community banks, and we have found that these smaller transactions may offer not only better potential returns in our view, but also more attractive terms.
We also continue to find attractive investment opportunities in CLOs, particularly legacy CLOs. We have been active in this sector since early 2013. The new issue CLO market has been very robust, with 2014 on pace to be a record year. As a result of this increased supply, yield spreads on mezzanine tranches of new issue CLOs widened significantly in the second quarter, despite general yield spread tightening in most other fixed income sectors. Meanwhile, investor and dealer selling of legacy CLOs, to make room for new issuance, has been quite heavy, thereby forcing spreads wider for legacy product. This has enabled us to acquire legacy CLOs, where we prefer the return profile, at attractive prices. Over the course of the second quarter, we significantly increased our holdings of CLOs to $81.3 million as of June 30, 2014, up from $47.5 million as of March 31, 2014. As of June 30, 2014, CLOs represented 12.4% of our non-Agency portfolio.
Active portfolio trading is a key element of our strategy. Our non-Agency portfolio turnover during the second quarter, as measured by sales, excluding principal paydowns, was 18%. We actively trade our portfolio not only for the generation of total return, but also to enhance the composition of our portfolio.
During the second quarter of 2014, we continued to hedge our non-Agency portfolio against credit-related risks, primarily using hedging instruments that we believe will provide greater protection in the event of a macro-economic downturn. These hedging instruments include, among others, short positions (through credit default swaps, or "CDS,") on corporate bond indices, and short positions (through total return swaps) in certain publicly traded REITs. Over the second quarter, we increased our short position in CDS on corporate bond indices, which are principally related to high-yield corporate credits. During the second quarter, high yield corporate credit spreads also continued to tighten, in many cases to record levels.
Agency
As of June 30, 2014, we held Agency RMBS with a value of $961.8 million, compared to $927.7 million as of March 31, 2014. Agency RMBS rallied in the second quarter, continuing the first quarter trend. Our Agency RMBS portfolio is principally comprised of "specified pools." Specified pools are fixed rate Agency pools with special prepayment characteristics, such as pools comprised of low loan balance mortgages, pools comprised of mortgages backed by investor properties, pools containing mortgages originated through the government-sponsored "Making Homes Affordable" refinancing programs, and pools containing mortgages with various other prepayment characteristics.
As discussed above in "—Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy," the Federal Reserve has continued to taper its monthly purchases of Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities. While the Federal Reserve will likely cease its monthly bond purchases by the fall of this year, it has stated that it will continue to reinvest paydown proceeds from its held portfolio into additional Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities. Similar to the first quarter, the additional supply of Agency RMBS that resulted from the taper was readily absorbed during the second quarter by other market participants. As the Federal Reserve continues to taper its purchases, its market dominance will further wane, which we believe will create additional opportunities for us and other private investors.
During the second quarter, our Agency RMBS purchasing activity continued to focus primarily on higher coupon specified pools. As in the first quarter, pay-ups (price premiums for specified pools relative to their generic pool "TBA" counterparts) increased during the second quarter, thus continuing the reversal of the pay-up declines of the second half of 2013. Notwithstanding these increases of the past two quarters, pay-ups for many specified pool sectors remain well below their previous highs. Yield spreads on fixed rate reverse mortgage pools, which had tightened about 30 basis points during the
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first quarter, continued this trend and tightened an additional 10-15 basis points in the second quarter, as issuance of reverse mortgage pools continued to slow.
Prepayment rates increased only marginally in the second quarter, and they remain low by historical standards relative to the current level of mortgage rates. However, based on observations in the beginning of the third quarter, we believe that prepayments may soon begin to increase. As a result, we are still finding it attractive to buy pools with prepayment protection, particularly in those sectors that are more susceptible to increased prepayments. For the second consecutive quarter, and despite an approximate 25 basis point drop in mortgage rates during April and May, our Agency interest only securities performed well during the quarter, as prepayments increased but remained relatively low.
While Agency RMBS prices generally increased in the second quarter, over the near term we believe that the combined effects of continued Federal Reserve tapering and a potential rise in mortgage originations may ultimately put pressure on valuations of Agency RMBS. We also think it is unlikely that interest rate volatility will remain as subdued as it was in the first and second quarters. While both of these factors may weigh on the performance of Agency RMBS relative to U.S. Treasury securities, we believe that each of these factors should weigh more heavily on TBAs as compared to specified pools, so they should actually support specified pool pay-ups. As the Federal Reserve continues to taper its Agency RMBS purchases, which are concentrated in purchases of TBAs, specified pools should outperform TBAs. The effects of the taper can already be observed in the TBA roll market: TBA roll prices in early July were noticeably weaker than they were at the beginning of the second quarter. We have also noted that as dealer balance sheets contract in light of regulatory changes and risk appetite decreases, the depth of the Agency RMBS market has weakened somewhat. Essentially, this means that the amount of a particular asset that can be bought or sold without materially impacting its price has declined. At the same time, however, the decline in competition from dealers is helping us to find attractive opportunities to purchase assets.
We continue to target pools that, taking into account their particular composition and based on our prepayment projections: (1) should generate attractive yields relative to other Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities, (2) should have less prepayment sensitivity to government policy shocks, and/or (3) create opportunities for trading gains once the market recognizes their value, which for newer pools may come only after several months, when actual prepayment experience can be observed. We believe that our research team, our proprietary prepayment models, and our extensive databases remain essential tools in our implementation of this strategy. We also believe that as the Federal Reserve gradually reduces its dominance of the Agency RMBS market over time, we will be presented with a variety of additional opportunities. Notwithstanding the opportunities that volatility may create to buy and sell assets, the presence of volatility also underscores the importance of our flexibility in hedging our risks using a variety of tools, including TBAs, as we adapt to changing market conditions. We also believe that our active trading style, coupled with our ability to dynamically alter the mix of TBAs and interest rate derivatives that we use to hedge interest rate risk, is of great benefit to our Agency RMBS strategy.
Over the course of the second quarter and consistent with our strategy, we continued to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates, primarily with interest rate swaps and TBAs. Since long-term interest rates declined during the quarter, our interest rate hedges generated net losses, thereby partially reducing the impact of increasing asset prices. Notwithstanding the recent trend of declining interest rates and the relatively muted level of volatility, we believe the risk of higher near-term volatility in the Agency RMBS market remains. This reinforces the importance of our ability to hedge our risks using a variety of tools, including TBAs. Active trading of both assets and hedges has, and continues to be, a key element of our Agency RMBS strategy.
Financing
During the second quarter, we have continued to find repo financing to be readily available for both Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS. In fact, dealers have actually increased their appetite for providing repo financing for both Agency and non-Agency MBS. As a result of this increased competition, our average repo borrowing costs declined for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to March 31, 2014, with our non-Agency repo average borrowing costs declining by 2 basis points to 1.92%, and with our Agency repo average borrowing costs declining by 2 basis points to 0.36%. In addition, other repo terms have improved, including a modest decline in our required haircuts. As of June 30, 2014, our outstanding reverse repos were with 16 different counterparties.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for investment companies. In June 2007, the AICPA issued Amendments to ASC 946-10 ("ASC 946-10"), Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies. ASC 946-10 was effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2007 with earlier application encouraged. After we adopted ASC 946-10, the FASB issued guidance which effectively delayed indefinitely the effective date of ASC 946-10. However, this additional guidance explicitly
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permitted entities that early adopted ASC 946-10 before December 31, 2007 to continue to apply the provisions of ASC 946-10. We have elected to continue to apply the provisions of ASC 946-10. ASC 946-10 provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide for Investment Companies, or the "Guide." The Guide provides guidance for determining whether the specialized industry accounting principles of the Guide should be retained in the financial statements of a parent company, of an investment company or of an equity method investor in an investment company. Effective August 17, 2007, we adopted ASC 946-10 and follow its provisions which, among other things, requires that investments be reported at fair value in the financial statements. Although we conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, for financial reporting purposes, we have elected to continue to apply the provisions of ASC 946-10.
In June 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-08, Financial Services-Investment Companies ("ASC 946"). This update modifies the guidance for ASC 946 for determining whether an entity is an investment company for U.S. GAAP purposes. It requires entities that adopted Statement of Position 07-1 prior to its deferral to reassess whether they continue to meet the definition of an investment company for U.S. GAAP purposes. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that began after December 15, 2013, with retrospective application; earlier application is prohibited. We have determined that we still meet the definition of an investment company under ASC 946 and, as a result, the presentation of our financial statements will not change upon the effective date of this ASU.
Certain of our critical accounting policies require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our consolidated financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made based upon information available to us at that time. We rely on the experience of our Manager and Ellington and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. See Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies. We have identified our most critical accounting policies to be the following:
Valuation: We adopted a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements on January 1, 2008. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Financial instruments include investments, derivatives, and repurchase agreements. A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs or methodology used for valuing financial instruments are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for our financial instruments:
Level 1 valuation methodologies include the observation of quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, often received from widely recognized data providers.
Level 2 valuation methodologies include the observation of (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves) in active markets and (iii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3 valuation methodologies include (i) the solicitation of valuations from third parties (typically, pricing services and broker-dealers), (ii) the use of proprietary models that require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions, and (iii) the assessment of observable or reported recent trading activity. We utilize such information to assign a good faith fair value (the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the valuation date) to each such financial instrument.
We seek to obtain at least one third-party indicative valuation for each instrument, and often obtain multiple indicative valuations when available. Third-party valuation providers often utilize proprietary models that are highly subjective and also require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions. We have been able to obtain third-party valuations on the vast majority of our assets and expect to continue to solicit third-party valuations on substantially all of our assets in the future to the extent practical. Generally, we value each financial instrument at the average of all third-party valuations received and not rejected as described below. Third-party valuations are not binding on us, and while we generally do not adjust such valuations, we may challenge or reject a valuation when, based on validation criteria, we determine that such valuation is unreasonable or erroneous. Furthermore, we may determine, based on our validation criteria, that for a given instrument the average of the third-party valuations received does not result in what we believe to be fair value, and in such circumstances we may override this average with our own good faith valuation. Our validation criteria include the use of our own models, recent trading
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activity in the same or similar instruments, and valuations received from third parties. Our valuation process, including the application of validation criteria, is overseen by the Manager's valuation committee. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the financial instruments existed and the differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.
See the notes to our consolidated financial statements for more information on valuation.
Securities Transactions and Investment Income: Securities transactions are generally recorded on trade date. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated based on identified cost. Interest income, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on MBS, ABS, commercial mortgage loans, U.S. Treasury securities, and securitized debt, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. For purposes of determining the effective interest rate, management estimates the future expected cash flows of its investment holdings based on assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment and default rate assumptions. These assumptions are re-evaluated not less than quarterly and require the use of a significant amount of judgment. Principal write-offs are generally treated as realized losses. For non-performing commercial mortgage loans, purchase discounts are generally not amortized.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a description of relevant recent accounting pronouncements.
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Financial Condition
The following table summarizes our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. For more detailed information about the investments in our portfolio, please refer to the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments as of these dates contained in our consolidated financial statements.
June 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Current Principal | Fair Value | Average Price (1) | Cost | Average Cost (1) | Current Principal | Fair Value | Average Price (1) | Cost | Average Cost (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency RMBS and Residential Mortgage Loans | $ | 747,911 | $ | 504,864 | $ | 67.50 | $ | 459,362 | $ | 61.42 | $ | 885,145 | $ | 600,835 | $ | 67.88 | $ | 546,616 | $ | 61.75 | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency CMBS and Commercial Mortgage Loans | 130,774 | 65,462 | 50.06 | 65,703 | 50.24 | 97,332 | 56,880 | 58.44 | 56,366 | 57.91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other ABS | 70,139 | 67,635 | 96.43 | 67,980 | 96.92 | 38,422 | 36,287 | 94.44 | 36,786 | 95.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-Agency MBS, Mortgage loans, and, Other ABS | 948,824 | 637,961 | 67.24 | 593,045 | 62.50 | 1,020,899 | 694,002 | 67.98 | 639,768 | 62.67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency RMBS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floating | 23,277 | 24,592 | 105.65 | 24,662 | 105.95 | 28,746 | 30,618 | 106.51 | 30,274 | 105.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed | 783,461 | 841,489 | 107.41 | 828,252 | 105.72 | 778,295 | 801,060 | 102.92 | 813,677 | 104.55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse Mortgages | 54,328 | 59,473 | 109.47 | 59,855 | 110.17 | 56,154 | 61,308 | 109.18 | 62,708 | 111.67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Agency RMBS | 861,066 | 925,554 | 107.49 | 912,769 | 106.00 | 863,195 | 892,986 | 103.45 | 906,659 | 105.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-Agency and Agency MBS, Mortgage loans, and Other ABS | $ | 1,809,890 | $ | 1,563,515 | $ | 86.39 | $ | 1,505,814 | $ | 83.20 | $ | 1,884,094 | $ | 1,586,988 | $ | 84.23 | $ | 1,546,427 | $ | 82.08 | |||||||||||||||||||
Agency Interest Only RMBS | n/a | $ | 36,240 | n/a | $ | 35,538 | n/a | n/a | $ | 40,504 | n/a | $ | 39,826 | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency Interest Only and Principal Only MBS and Other(2) | n/a | $ | 18,089 | n/a | $ | 17,384 | n/a | n/a | $ | 5,782 | n/a | $ | 5,313 | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBAs: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long | $ | 136,038 | $ | 134,347 | $ | 98.76 | $ | 132,854 | $ | 97.66 | $ | 101,150 | $ | 96,856 | $ | 95.76 | $ | 96,691 | $ | 95.59 | |||||||||||||||||||
Short | (750,647 | ) | (797,705 | ) | 106.27 | (792,172 | ) | 105.53 | (784,888 | ) | (811,957 | ) | 103.45 | (813,757 | ) | 103.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Short TBAs | $ | (614,609 | ) | $ | (663,358 | ) | $ | 107.93 | $ | (659,318 | ) | $ | 107.27 | $ | (683,738 | ) | $ | (715,101 | ) | $ | 104.59 | $ | (717,066 | ) | $ | 104.87 | |||||||||||||
Short U.S. Treasury Securities | $ | (5,000 | ) | $ | (4,961 | ) | $ | 99.23 | $ | (4,977 | ) | $ | 99.55 | $ | (20,000 | ) | $ | (19,607 | ) | $ | 98.03 | $ | (19,899 | ) | $ | 99.49 | |||||||||||||
Short European Sovereign Bond | $ | (22,062 | ) | $ | (24,457 | ) | $ | 110.85 | $ | (23,143 | ) | $ | 104.90 | $ | (7,337 | ) | $ | (7,681 | ) | $ 104.68 | $ | (7,633 | ) | $ 104.04 | |||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | $ | 30,537 | $ | 30,537 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 30,537 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 27,962 | $ | 27,962 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 27,943 | $ | 99.93 | |||||||||||||||||||
Short Common Stock | n/a | $ | (25,723 | ) | n/a | $ | (25,925 | ) | n/a | n/a | $ | (6,369 | ) | n/a | $ | (6,313 | ) | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Owned | n/a | $ | 1,641 | n/a | $ | 1,658 | n/a | n/a | $ | — | n/a | $ | — | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Net Investments | $ | 931,523 | $ | 877,568 | $ | 912,478 | $ | 868,598 |
(1) | Represents the dollar amount (not shown in thousands) per $100 of current principal of the price or cost for the security. |
(2) | Includes equity tranches and similar securities. |
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The following table summarizes our financial derivatives portfolio as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. For more detailed information about the financial derivatives in our portfolio, please refer to the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments as of these dates contained in our consolidated financial statements.
June 30, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Notional Value | Fair Value | Notional Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||
Mortgage-Related Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||
Long CDS on RMBS and CMBS Indices(1) | $ | 17,763 | $ | (4,298 | ) | $ | 46,072 | $ | (11,805 | ) | |||||
Short CDS on RMBS and CMBS Indices(2) | (72,146 | ) | 2,882 | (72,422 | ) | 4,876 | |||||||||
Short CDS on Individual RMBS(2) | (23,524 | ) | 13,812 | (26,426 | ) | 16,296 | |||||||||
Net Mortgage-Related Derivatives | (77,907 | ) | 12,396 | (52,776 | ) | 9,367 | |||||||||
Long CDS on Corporate Bond Indices | 116,034 | 20,700 | 74,425 | 13,226 | |||||||||||
Short CDS on Corporate Bond Indices | (271,561 | ) | (25,901 | ) | (337,815 | ) | (23,902 | ) | |||||||
Long CDS on Corporate Bonds | 4,395 | (2,287 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||
Written Options on CDS on Corporate Bond Indices(3) | (20,790 | ) | (76 | ) | 22,588 | 190 | |||||||||
Long Total Return Swaps on Corporate Equities (4) | 31,506 | 20 | 51,018 | 4 | |||||||||||
Short Total Return Swaps on Corporate Equities (4) | (13,450 | ) | (40 | ) | (10,397 | ) | (67 | ) | |||||||
Interest Rate Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||
Long Interest Rate Swaps (5) | 633,640 | 11,497 | 387,700 | (879 | ) | ||||||||||
Short Interest Rate Swaps (6) | (1,118,141 | ) | (4,851 | ) | (1,164,400 | ) | 19,368 | ||||||||
Long U.S. Treasury Note Futures (7) | 33,700 | 200 | 227,200 | (2,370 | ) | ||||||||||
Long Eurodollar Futures (8) | 4,000 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Short Eurodollar Futures (8) | (763,000 | ) | (321 | ) | (14,000 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||
Short U.S. Treasury Note Futures (9) | (17,600 | ) | (15 | ) | — | — | |||||||||
Purchased Payer Swaptions (10) | 8,300 | (486 | ) | 15,000 | 61 | ||||||||||
Written Payer Swaptions (11) | (17,300 | ) | 492 | (4,000 | ) | (84 | ) | ||||||||
Purchased Receiver Swaptions (12) | 25,000 | 2 | — | — | |||||||||||
Purchased Straddle Options (13) | 30,000 | (144 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||
Written Straddle Options (14) | (37,000 | ) | 168 | — | — | ||||||||||
Total Net Interest Rate Derivatives | 6,542 | 16,093 | |||||||||||||
Other Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||
Long Foreign Currency Forwards (15) | 8,640 | 52 | — | — | |||||||||||
Short Foreign Currency Forwards (16) | (40,900 | ) | (314 | ) | (6,575 | ) | (38 | ) | |||||||
Total Net Derivatives | $ | 11,092 | $ | 14,873 |
(1) | Long mortgage-related derivatives represent transactions where we sold credit protection to a counterparty. |
(2) | Short mortgage-related derivatives represent transactions where we purchased credit protection from a counterparty. |
(3) | Represents the option on our part to enter into a CDS on a corporate bond index whereby we would pay a fixed rate and receive credit protection payments. |
(4) | Notional value represents number of underlying shares or par value times the closing price of the underlying security. |
(5) | For long interest rate swaps, a floating rate is being paid and a fixed rate is being received. |
(6) | For short interest rate swaps, a fixed rate is being paid and a floating rate is being received. |
(7) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, a total of 337 and 1,847 contracts were held, respectively. |
(8) | Every $1,000,000 in notional value represents one Eurodollar future contract. |
(9) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held. As of June 30, 2014 a total of 88 contracts were held. |
(10) | Represents the option on our part to enter into an interest rate swap whereby we would pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate. |
(11) | Represents the option on the part of the counterparty to enter into an interest rate swap with us whereby we would receive a fixed rate and pay a floating rate. |
(12) | Represents the option on our part to enter into an interest rate swap with a counterparty whereby we would receive a fixed rate and pay a floating rate. |
(13) | Represents the combination of a purchased payer swaption and a purchased receiver swaption on the same underlying swap. |
(14) | Represents the combination of a written payer swaption and a written receiver swaption on the same underlying swap. |
(15) | Notional amount represents U.S. Dollars to be paid by us at the maturity of the forward contract. |
(16) | Notional amount represents U.S. Dollars to be received by us at the maturity of the forward contract. |
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As of June 30, 2014, our Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity reflects total assets of $2.9 billion as compared to $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2013. Total liabilities as of both June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were $2.3 billion. Our portfolios of investments and financial derivatives included in total assets were $1.8 billion as of both June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, while our investments sold short and financial derivatives included in total liabilities were $901.2 million and $890.4 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Investments sold short are primarily comprised of short positions in TBAs, which we primarily use to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on our investment portfolio. Typically, we hold a net short position in TBAs. The amounts of net short TBAs, as well as other hedging instruments, may fluctuate according to the size of our investment portfolio as well as according to how we view market dynamics as favoring the use of one hedging instrument or another. As of June 30, 2014, we had a net short TBA position of $663.4 million as compared to $715.1 million as of December 31, 2013.
TBA-related assets include TBAs and receivables for TBAs sold short, and TBA-related liabilities include TBAs sold short and payables for TBAs purchased. As of June 30, 2014, total assets included $134.3 million of TBAs as well as $792.0 million of a receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales. As of December 31, 2013, total assets included $96.9 million of TBAs as well as $813.9 million of a receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales. As of June 30, 2014, total liabilities included $797.7 million of TBAs sold short as well as $133.0 million of payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases. As of December 31, 2013, total liabilities included $812.0 million of TBAs sold short as well as $96.8 million of a payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases. Open TBA purchases and sales involving the same counterparty, the same underlying deliverable Agency pass-throughs, and the same settlement date are reflected in our consolidated financial statements on a net basis.
For a more detailed discussion of our investment portfolio, see "—Trends and Recent Market Developments—Portfolio Overview and Outlook" above.
As of June 30, 2014, our holdings of net short mortgage-related derivatives increased as compared to December 31, 2013. We use mortgage-related credit derivatives primarily to hedge credit risk in our non-Agency MBS portfolio, although we also may from time to time take net long positions in certain CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices. Our CDS on individual RMBS represent "single-name" positions whereby we have synthetically purchased credit protection on specific non-Agency RMBS bonds. The overall outstanding notional value of our short CDS contracts on individual RMBS declined to $23.5 million as of June 30, 2014 from $26.4 million as of December 31, 2013. As there is no longer an active market for CDS on individual RMBS, our portfolio continues to run off.
As of June 30, 2014, the net short notional value of our holdings of CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices was $54.4 million as compared to $26.4 million as of December 31, 2013. Over the same period, we decreased our net short position in CDS on corporate bond indices. As of June 30, 2014, our net short CDS on corporate bond indices decreased to a notional amount of $155.5 million from $263.4 million as of December 31, 2013. In addition, as of the end of both periods, we held an option to enter into a short CDS on a corporate bond index. As market conditions change, especially as the pricing of various credit hedging instruments changes in relation to our outlook on future credit performance, we continuously re-evaluate both the extent to which we hedge credit risk and the particular mix of instruments that we use to hedge credit risk.
As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we held short and long positions in corporate equities. Our short positions were held either directly or through total return swaps, while our long positions were entirely held through total return swaps. Our short and long positions in corporate equities currently reference publicly traded REITs, and can serve either as portfolio hedges or as relative value opportunities.
We use a variety of instruments to hedge interest rate risk in our portfolio, including non-derivative instruments such as TBAs, U.S. Treasury securities and sovereign debt instruments and derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps, Eurodollar and U.S. Treasury futures, and options on the foregoing. The mix of instruments that we use to hedge interest rate risk may change materially from one quarter to the next. As of June 30, 2014, the net notional value of our net short interest rate swaps decreased to $484.5 million from $776.7 million as of December 31, 2013. Including net short TBAs, U.S. Treasury securities and sovereign debt instruments, in the aggregate and based on notional value, our total interest rate hedges were $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2014 as compared to $1.5 billion as of December 31, 2013. We have also entered into foreign currency forward contracts in order to hedge risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations.
We have entered into reverse repos to finance some of our assets. As of each of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, indebtedness outstanding on our reverse repos was approximately $1.2 billion. As of June 30, 2014, we had total Agency RMBS financed with reverse repos of $944.6 million as compared to $881.4 million as of December 31, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, we had total non-Agency assets financed with reverse repos of $438.3 million as compared to $576.0 million as of December 31, 2013. Outstanding indebtedness under reverse repos for Agency RMBS as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $891.0 million and $842.3 million, respectively, while outstanding indebtedness under reverse repos for our non-
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Agency portfolio as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $297.8 million and $393.9 million, respectively. Our reverse repos bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. We account for our reverse repos as collateralized borrowings. As of June 30, 2014, our debt-to-equity ratio was 1.89 to one and as of December 31, 2013, our debt-to-equity ratio was 1.98 to one. See the discussion in "—Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for further information on our reverse repos.
In connection with our derivative and TBA transactions, in certain circumstances we may require that counterparties post collateral with us. When we exit a derivative or TBA transaction for which a counterparty has posted collateral, we may be required to return some or all of the related collateral to the respective counterparty. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, our derivative and TBA counterparties posted an aggregate value of approximately $27.4 million and $19.8 million of collateral with us, respectively as of each date. This collateral posted with us is included in Due to brokers on our Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity.
TBA Market
We generally do not settle our purchases and sales of TBAs. If, for example, we wish to maintain a short position in a particular TBA as a hedge, we may "roll" the short TBA transaction. In a hypothetical roll transaction, we might have previously entered into a contract to sell a specified amount of 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-throughs to a particular counterparty on a specified settlement date. As this settlement date approaches, because we generally do not intend to settle the sale transaction, but we wish to maintain the short position, we enter into a roll transaction whereby we purchase the same amount of 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-throughs (but not necessarily from the same counterparty) for the same specified settlement date, and we sell the same amount of 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-throughs (potentially to yet another counterparty) for a later settlement date. In this way, we have essentially "flattened out" our 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-through position for the earlier settlement date (i.e., offset the original sale with a corresponding purchase), and established a new short position for the later settlement date, hence maintaining our short position. By rolling our transaction, we maintain our desired short position in 30-year FNMA 4.5% securities without settling the original sale transaction.
In the case where the counterparty from whom we purchase (or to whom we sell) for the earlier settlement date is the same as the counterparty to whom we sell (or from whom we purchase) for the later settlement date, and when the purchase and sale are transacted simultaneously, the pair of simultaneous purchase and sale is often referred to as a "TBA roll" transaction.
In some instances, to avoid taking or making delivery of TBA securities, we will "pair off" an open purchase or sale transaction with an offsetting sale or purchase with the same counterparty. Alternatively, we will "assign" open transactions from counterparties from whom we have purchased to other counterparties to whom we have sold. In either case, no securities are actually delivered, but instead the net difference in trade proceeds of the offsetting transactions is calculated and a money wire representing such difference is sent to the appropriate party.
For the six month period ended June 30, 2014, as disclosed on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the aggregate TBA activity, or volume of closed transactions based on the sum of the absolute value of buy and sell transactions, was $13.4 billion as compared to $10.0 billion for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Our TBA activity has principally consisted of: (a) sales (respectively purchases) of TBAs as hedges in connection with purchases (respectively sales) of certain other assets (especially fixed rate Agency whole pools); (b) TBA roll transactions (as described above) effected to maintain existing TBA short positions; and (c) TBA "sector rotation" transactions whereby a short TBA position in one TBA security is replaced with a short position in a different TBA security. Since we have actively turned over our portfolio of fixed rate Agency whole pools, the volume of TBA hedging transactions has also been correspondingly high. Moreover, our fixed rate Agency whole pool portfolio is typically larger in gross size than our equity capital base, and so we tend to hold large short TBA positions relative to our equity capital base at any time. Finally, the entire amount of short TBA positions held at each monthly TBA settlement date is typically rolled to the following month, and since the amount of short TBA positions tends to be large relative to our equity capital base, TBA roll transaction volume over multi-month periods can represent a multiple of our equity capital base.
Equity
As of June 30, 2014, our equity increased by approximately $5.1 million to $631.1 million from $626.0 million as of December 31, 2013. This increase principally consisted of a net increase in equity resulting from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2014 of approximately $44.0 million, an increase related to the contribution from our non-controlling interests of approximately $1.2 million, and an increase for LTIP awards and common shares issued to our Manager in connection with incentive fee payment of approximately $0.4 million offset by a decrease for dividends paid of approximately $40.1 million and approximately $0.5 million in distributions to a joint venture partner. Shareholders' equity, which excludes the non-controlling interests related to the minority interest in the Operating Partnership as well the minority interest of a joint venture partner, was $624.1 million as of June 30, 2014.
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As of December 31, 2013, our equity increased by approximately $119.7 million to $626.0 million from $506.4 million as of December 31, 2012. This increase principally consisted of net proceeds from our May 2013 secondary share offering of approximately $125.3 million, a net increase in equity resulting from operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 of approximately $79.4 million, an increase related to the contribution from our non-controlling interests of approximately $5.9 million, and an increase for LTIP awards and common shares issued to our Manager in connection with incentive fee payments of approximately $1.4 million, offset by a decrease for dividends paid of approximately $92.1 million. Shareholders' equity, which excludes the non-controlling interests related to the minority interest in the Operating Partnership as well the minority interest of a joint venture partner, was $620.4 million as of December 31, 2013.
Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013
The table below represents the net increase in equity resulting from operations for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
Three Month Period Ended June 30, | ||||||||
(In thousands except per share amounts) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
Interest income | $ | 20,996 | $ | 20,335 | ||||
Expenses: | ||||||||
Base management fee | 2,368 | 2,405 | ||||||
Incentive fee | — | 1,182 | ||||||
Interest expense | 2,416 | 2,582 | ||||||
Other investment related expenses | 1,232 | 327 | ||||||
Other operating expenses | 1,974 | 1,671 | ||||||
Total expenses | 7,990 | 8,167 | ||||||
Net investment income | 13,006 | 12,168 | ||||||
Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments | 14,399 | (17,373 | ) | |||||
Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on financial derivatives | (6,588 | ) | 16,910 | |||||
Net foreign currency gain (loss) | 387 | — | ||||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | 21,204 | 11,705 | ||||||
Less: Net increase in equity resulting from operations attributable to non-controlling interests | 257 | 105 | ||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations | $ | 20,947 | $ | 11,600 | ||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations per share | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.49 |
Summary of Net Increase in Shareholders' Equity from Operations
Our net increase in shareholders' equity from operations ("net income") for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $20.9 million and $11.6 million, respectively. The increase in our net income period over period was primarily driven by an increase in net realized and unrealized gains on our investments, net foreign currency gains, and a slight increase in net investment income, partially offset by an increase in net realized and unrealized losses on our financial derivatives. Total return based on changes in "net asset value" or "book value" for our common shares was 3.36% for the three months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to 1.57% for the three months ended June 30, 2013. Average equity for the three months ended June 30, 2014 was $628.5 million as compared to $581.6 million for the comparable period of 2013. Total return on our common shares is calculated based on changes in net asset value per share or book value per share and assumes reinvestment of dividends.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income was $13.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $12.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013. Net investment income consists of interest income less total expenses. The period-over-period increase in net investment income was primarily due to higher interest income as well as lower incentive fees for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2013.
Interest Income
Interest income was $21.0 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $20.3 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013. Interest income includes coupon payments received and accrued on our holdings, the net accretion and amortization of purchase discounts and premiums on those holdings and interest on our cash balances,
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including those balances held by our counterparties as collateral. On a period-over-period basis, interest income from both our non-Agency and Agency portfolios increased slightly. Our non-Agency holdings benefited from an increase in yields period over period, while our Agency portfolio benefited from both an increase in size and yield. Each period, our interest income on our Agency RMBS included a benefit associated with declines in prepayments, thereby positively impacting yields on held securities as well. For the three month period ended June 30, 2014, interest income from our non-Agency portfolio was $13.0 million while for the three month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income was $12.7 million. For the three month period ended June 30, 2014, interest income from our Agency RMBS was $8.0 million while for the three month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income was $7.6 million.
The following table details our interest income, average holdings, and average yields based on amortized cost for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:
Non-Agency(1) | Agency | Total(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Interest Income | Average Holdings | Yield | Interest Income | Average Holdings | Yield | Interest Income | Average Holdings | Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 12,971 | $ | 571,646 | 9.08 | % | $ | 8,009 | $ | 949,292 | 3.37 | % | $ | 20,980 | $ | 1,520,938 | 5.52 | % | ||||||||||||||
Three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 12,684 | $ | 583,496 | 8.70 | % | $ | 7,641 | $ | 856,932 | 3.57 | % | $ | 20,325 | $ | 1,440,428 | 5.64 | % |
(1) | Amounts exclude non-performing loans, for which interest income is not generally accrued. |
Base Management Fees
For each of the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, base management fee incurred, which is based on total equity at the end of each quarter, was $2.4 million.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on funds borrowed under reverse repos, securitized debt, coupon interest on securities sold short, the related net accretion and amortization of purchase discounts and premiums on those short holdings, and interest on our counterparties' cash collateral held by us. We had average borrowed funds under reverse repos of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The increase in average borrowed funds under reverse repos was driven mainly by our financing of larger non-Agency and Agency portfolios. Our total interest expense, inclusive of interest expense on securitized debt and on our counterparties' cash collateral held by us, decreased to $2.4 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $2.6 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013. Our total average borrowing cost under our reverse repos was 0.77% for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to 0.89% for the three month period ended June 30, 2013. For the three month period ended June 30, 2014, 26.3% of our average borrowings under reverse repos were related to our non-Agency portfolio. For the three month period ended June 30, 2013, 29.1% of our average borrowings were related to our non-Agency portfolio. Increasing competition among repo dealers has led to lower rates on our borrowings.
The tables below show our average borrowed funds, interest expense, average cost of funds, and average one-month and average six-month LIBOR rates under our reverse repos for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 864,934 | $ | 776 | 0.36 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.32 | % | |||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 770,252 | $ | 797 | 0.41 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.42 | % |
Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 307,964 | $ | 1,471 | 1.92 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.32 | % | |||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 315,851 | $ | 1,603 | 2.04 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.42 | % |
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Agency and Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 1,172,898 | $ | 2,247 | 0.77 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.32 | % | |||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 1,086,103 | $ | 2,400 | 0.89 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.42 | % |
Among other instruments, we use interest rate swaps to hedge our portfolios against the risk of rising interest rates. If we were to include actual and accrued periodic payments on our interest rate swaps as a component of our cost of funds, our total average cost of funds would increase to 1.18% and 1.32% for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our net interest margin, defined as the yield on our portfolio (See—Interest Income above), less our cost of funds (including actual and accrued periodic payments on interest rate swaps) was 4.34% and 4.32% for the three month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This metric does not include the costs associated with other instruments that we use to hedge interest rate risk, such as TBAs and futures.
Incentive Fees
In addition to the base management fee, our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee if, our performance (as measured by adjusted net income, as defined in the management agreement) over the relevant rolling four quarter calculation period exceeds a defined return hurdle for the period. No incentive fee was incurred for the three month period ended June 30, 2014. Incentive fee incurred for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 was $1.2 million. The return hurdle for each calculation period was based on a 9% annual rate. Because our operating results can vary materially from one period to another, incentive fee expense can also be highly variable.
Other Investment Related Expenses
Other investment related expenses consist of dividend expense on our short common stock, disposition fees paid to a joint venture partner upon the sale/resolution of certain distressed mortgage loans, as well as various other expenses and fees directly related to our financial assets. For the three month period ended June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013 other investment related expenses were $1.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The increase is principally due to increased dividends paid in connection with a larger portfolio of short equities for the three months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the same period of 2013.
Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses consist of professional fees, compensation expense related to our dedicated or partially dedicated personnel, share-based LTIP expense, insurance expense, and various other operating expenses necessary to run our business. Other operating expenses exclude management and incentive fees, interest expense, and other investment related expenses. Other operating expenses for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 were $2.0 million as compared to $1.7 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013. The increase in our other operating expenses was primarily related to increased professional fees and custody and other fees.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains on Investments
During the three month period ended June 30, 2014, we had net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $14.4 million as compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $17.4 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013. Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $14.4 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on both our non-Agency and Agency RMBS portfolios, as well as on CMBS, distressed commercial loans, and residential mortgage loans, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our net short TBAs, short government debt, CLOs, and real estate owned properties. Our net short TBAs and government debt securities were used primarily to hedge interest rate and/or prepayment risk with respect to our investment holdings. For the three month period ended June 30, 2014 net gains on our non-Agency and Agency MBS portfolios, commercial mortgage loans, and residential mortgage loans were $31.1 million, while net losses on our net short TBAs and government debt, CLOs, and real estate owned properties were $16.8 million. During the three month period ended June 30, 2014, non-Agency RMBS and CMBS rallied as credit spreads continued to tighten during the period. This was due, at least in part, to strong investor appetite, as demonstrated by significant retail investor bond fund inflows, which have fueled demand for higher yielding assets among fixed-income products. Non-Agency RMBS assets have also benefited from rising home prices and declining foreclosure inventory. Agency RMBS benefited from declining long-term interest rates and relatively low volatility during the period. We actively traded both our non-Agency and Agency portfolios, thereby monetizing gains. As of June 30, 2014, the yield on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury was 2.53% as compared to 2.72% as of March 31, 2014.
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Net realized and unrealized losses on investments of $17.4 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS and our non-Agency portfolio, partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains on our net short TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses on Financial Derivatives
During the three month period ended June 30, 2014, we had net realized and unrealized losses on our financial derivatives of $6.6 million as compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $16.9 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013. Our financial derivatives consist of interest rate derivatives, which we use primarily to hedge interest rate risk, and of credit derivatives and total return swaps, both of which we use primarily to hedge credit risk, but also for non-hedging purposes. Non-hedging credit derivatives and total return swaps include both long and short positions. We began purchasing European non-dollar denominated RMBS in late 2013, and so since that time we have also been transacting in foreign exchange derivatives such as forwards, which we use to hedge foreign currency risk. Our interest rate derivatives are primarily in the form of net short positions in interest rate swaps, and to a lesser extent short and/or long positions in Eurodollar futures and U.S. Treasury Note futures, as well as purchased and written swaptions. We also use certain non-derivative instruments, such as TBAs, U.S. Treasury securities and sovereign debt instruments, to hedge interest rate risk. Our credit hedges are in the form of credit default swaps where we have purchased credit protection on non-Agency MBS, as well as total return swaps and CDS on corporate bond indices, which we use to take short positions in various corporate equity and debt securities. We also use total return swaps to take synthetic long or short positions in certain mortgage- or real estate-related corporate entities. Net realized and unrealized losses of $6.6 million on our financial derivatives for the three month period ended June 30, 2014 resulted primarily from net losses of $7.3 million related to our interest rate hedges other than futures, as interest rates declined during the quarter, and net losses of $2.4 million related to our CDS on corporate bond indices, CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices, and CDS on corporate bonds, partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains of $3.1 million related to our net long positions on total return swaps, our net short position in futures, and our short positions in CDS on individual RMBS. Our net long total return swaps on equities of mortgage- and real estate-related corporate entities were the primary contributor of our net gains during the quarter. The benchmark 5-year swap rate ended the period slightly lower than where it began at approximately 1.70% as compared to 1.80% as of March 31, 2014, but it ranged even lower over the course of most of the period, falling as low as 1.58%.
Net realized and unrealized gains on our financial derivatives of $16.9 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on our interest rate swaps and CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our futures, CDS on corporate bond indices, and total return swaps.
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Results of Operations for the Six Month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013
The table below represents the net increase in equity resulting from operations for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
Six Month Period Ended June 30, | ||||||||
(In thousands except per share amounts) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
Interest income | $ | 42,493 | $ | 38,717 | ||||
Expenses: | ||||||||
Base management fee | 4,733 | 4,373 | ||||||
Incentive fee | — | 3,237 | ||||||
Interest expense | 5,043 | 4,724 | ||||||
Other investment related expenses | 1,662 | 327 | ||||||
Other operating expenses | 3,968 | 3,319 | ||||||
Total expenses | 15,406 | 15,980 | ||||||
Net investment income | 27,087 | 22,737 | ||||||
Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments | 24,095 | 19,464 | ||||||
Net realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on financial derivatives | (7,809 | ) | 10,250 | |||||
Net foreign currency gain (loss) | 669 | — | ||||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | 44,042 | 52,451 | ||||||
Less: Net increase in equity resulting from operations attributable to non-controlling interests | 460 | 516 | ||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations | $ | 43,582 | $ | 51,935 | ||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations per share | $ | 1.69 | $ | 2.35 |
Summary of Net Increase in Shareholders' Equity from Operations
Our net increase in shareholders' equity from operations ("net income") for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $43.6 million and $51.9 million, respectively. The decrease in our net income period over period was primarily driven by a decline in net realized and unrealized gains on our investments and financial derivatives, partially offset by an increase in our net investment income. Total return based on changes in "net asset value" or "book value" for our common shares was 7.03% for the six months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to 9.57% for the six months ended June 30, 2013. Average equity for the six months ended June 30, 2014 was $628.2 million as compared to $556.3 million for the comparable period of 2013. Total return on our common shares is calculated based on changes in net asset value per share or book value per share and assumes reinvestment of dividends.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income was $27.1 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $22.7 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Net investment income consists of interest income less total expenses. The period-over-period increase in net investment income was primarily due to higher interest income as well as lower incentive fees for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the six month period ended June 30, 2013.
Interest Income
Interest income was $42.5 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $38.7 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Interest income includes coupon payments received and accrued on our holdings, the net accretion and amortization of purchase discounts and premiums on those holdings and interest on our cash balances, including those balances held by our counterparties as collateral. On a period-over-period basis, interest income from both our non-Agency and Agency portfolios increased, mainly in connection with the increase in size of each portfolio. Additionally, our Agency portfolio has benefited from higher yielding assets relative to one year ago, as purchase yields have increased substantially. Each period included a benefit associated with declines in prepayments on our Agency RMBS, thereby positively impacting yields on held securities as well. For the six month period ended June 30, 2014, interest income from our non-Agency portfolio was $26.5 million while for the six month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income was $24.8 million. For the six month period ended June 30, 2014, interest income from our Agency RMBS was $16.0 million while for the six month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income was $13.9 million. For the six month period ended June 30, 2014, interest income from our Agency RMBS included the positive impact of a $0.3 million adjustment to premium amortization, which in turn was
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caused by declines in prepayments brought on by higher interest rates. This adjustment for the comparable period of 2013 was $2.1 million.
The following table details our interest income, average holdings, and average yields based on amortized cost for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:
Non-Agency(1) | Agency | Total(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Interest Income | Average Holdings | Yield | Interest Income | Average Holdings | Yield | Interest Income | Average Holdings | Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Six month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 26,486 | $ | 578,492 | 9.16 | % | $ | 15,956 | $ | 936,168 | 3.41 | % | $ | 42,442 | $ | 1,514,660 | 5.60 | % | ||||||||||||||
Six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 24,802 | $ | 548,941 | 9.04 | % | $ | 13,903 | $ | 845,047 | 3.29 | % | $ | 38,705 | $ | 1,393,988 | 5.55 | % |
(1) | Amounts exclude non-performing loans, for which interest income is not generally accrued. |
Base Management Fees
For the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, base management fee incurred, which is based on total equity at the end of each quarter, was $4.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The increase in the base management fee was due to our larger capital base period over period.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on funds borrowed under reverse repos, securitized debt, coupon interest on securities sold short, the related net accretion and amortization of purchase discounts and premiums on those short holdings, and interest on our counterparties' cash collateral held by us. We had average borrowed funds under reverse repos of $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The increase in average borrowed funds under reverse repos was driven mainly by our financing of larger non-Agency and Agency portfolios. Our total interest expense, inclusive of interest expense on securitized debt and on our counterparties' cash collateral held by us, increased to $5.0 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $4.7 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Our total average borrowing cost under our reverse repos was 0.80% and 0.85% for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. For the six month period ended June 30, 2014, 27.8% of our average borrowings under reverse repos were related to our non-Agency portfolio. For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, 26.6% of our average borrowings were related to our non-Agency portfolio. Increasing competition among repo dealers has led to lower rates on our borrowings.
The tables below show our average borrowed funds, interest expense, average cost of funds, and average one-month and average six-month LIBOR rates under our reverse repos for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 844,687 | $ | 1,551 | 0.37 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 758,187 | $ | 1,576 | 0.42 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.45 | % |
Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 325,539 | $ | 3,111 | 1.93 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 275,015 | $ | 2,767 | 2.03 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.45 | % |
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Agency and Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 1,170,226 | $ | 4,662 | 0.80 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 1,033,202 | $ | 4,343 | 0.85 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.45 | % |
Among other instruments, we use interest rate swaps to hedge our portfolios against the risk of rising interest rates. If we were to include actual and accrued periodic payments on our interest rate swaps as a component of our cost of funds, our total average cost of funds would increase to 1.28% and 1.22% for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our net interest margin, defined as the yield on our portfolio (See—Interest Income above), less our cost of funds (including actual and accrued periodic payments on interest rate swaps) was 4.32% and 4.33% for the six month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This metric does not include the costs associated with other instruments that we use to hedge interest rate risk, such as TBAs and futures.
Incentive Fees
In addition to the base management fee, our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee if our performance (as measured by adjusted net income, as defined in the management agreement) over the relevant rolling four quarter calculation period exceeds a defined return hurdle for the period. No incentive fee was incurred for the six month period ended June 30, 2014. Incentive fee incurred for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 was $3.2 million. The return hurdle for each calculation period was based on a 9% annual rate. Because our operating results can vary materially from one period to another, incentive fee expense can also be highly variable.
Other Investment Related Expenses
Other investment related expenses consist of dividend expense on our short common stock, disposition fees paid to a joint venture partner upon the sale/resolution of certain distressed mortgage loans, as well as various other expenses and fees directly related to our financial assets. For the six month period ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 other investment related expenses were $1.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The increase was primarily due to increased dividends paid in connection with a larger portfolio of short equities for the six months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the same period of 2013.
Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses consist of professional fees, compensation expense related to our dedicated or partially dedicated personnel, share-based LTIP expense, insurance expense, and various other operating expenses necessary to run our business. Other operating expenses exclude management and incentive fees, interest expense, and other investment related expenses. Other operating expenses for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 were $4.0 million as compared to $3.3 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. The increase in our other operating expenses was primarily related to increased professional fees and custody and other fees.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains on Investments
During the six month period ended June 30, 2014, we had net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $24.1 million as compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $19.5 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $24.1 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on both our non-Agency and Agency RMBS portfolios, as well as on CMBS, residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, and CLOs, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our net short TBAs and short government debt. Our net short TBAs and government debt securities were used primarily to hedge interest rate and/or prepayment risk with respect to our investment holdings. For the six month period ended June 30, 2014 net gains on our non-Agency and Agency MBS portfolios, residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, and CLOs were $50.8 million, while net losses on our net short TBAs and government debt were $26.8 million. During the three month period ended June 30, 2014, non-Agency RMBS and CMBS rallied as credit spreads continued to tighten. This was due, at least in part, to strong investor appetite, as demonstrated by significant retail investor bond fund inflows, which have fueled demand for higher yielding assets among fixed-income products. Non-Agency RMBS assets have also benefited from rising home prices and declining foreclosure inventory. Agency RMBS benefited from declining long-term interest rates and relatively low volatility during the period. Over the six month period, Agency RMBS also benefited from greater market clarity around the actions of the Federal Reserve, which in January began its anticipated tapering of monthly asset purchases under its accommodative monetary policies. We actively traded both our non-Agency and Agency portfolios, thereby monetizing gains. After the December 2013 initial taper announcement by the Federal Reserve, Agency RMBS rallied, and have continued to do so through
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June 30, 2014. As of June 30, 2014, the yield on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury was 2.53% as compared to 3.03% as of December 31, 2013.
Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $19.5 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on our non-Agency portfolio, net short TBAs, and U.S. Treasury securities, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses on Financial Derivatives
During the six month period ended June 30, 2014, we had net realized and unrealized losses on our financial derivatives of $7.8 million as compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $10.3 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Our financial derivatives consist of interest rate derivatives, which we use primarily to hedge interest rate risk, and of credit derivatives and total return swaps, both of which we use primarily to hedge credit risk, but also for non-hedging purposes. Non-hedging credit derivatives and total return swaps include both long and short positions. We began purchasing European non-dollar denominated RMBS in late 2013, and so since that time we have also been transacting in foreign exchange derivatives such as forwards, which we use to hedge foreign currency risk. Our interest rate derivatives are primarily in the form of net short positions in interest rate swaps, and to a lesser extent short and/or long positions in Eurodollar futures and U.S. Treasury Note futures, as well as purchased and written swaptions. We also use certain non-derivative instruments, such as TBAs, U.S. Treasury securities and sovereign debt instruments, to hedge interest rate risk. Our credit hedges are in the form of credit default swaps where we have purchased credit protection on non-Agency MBS, as well as total return swaps and CDS on corporate bond indices, which we use to take short positions in various corporate equity and debt securities. We also use total return swaps to take synthetic long or short positions in certain mortgage- or real estate-related corporate entities. Net realized and unrealized losses of $7.8 million on our financial derivatives for the six month period ended June 30, 2014 resulted primarily from net losses of $17.7 million related to our interest rate swaps, foreign currency forwards, and our net short positions in CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices and CDS on corporate bond indices, partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains of $10.0 million related to our net long positions on total return swaps and our net short position in futures. Our net long total return swaps on equities of mortgage- and real estate-related corporate entities were the primary contributor of our net gains during the six month period ended June 30, 2014. The benchmark 5-year swap rate ended the period at 1.70% as compared to 1.79% as of December 31, 2013, but it ranged even lower over the course of most of the period, falling as low as 1.56%.
Net realized and unrealized gains on our financial derivatives of $10.3 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on our interest rate swaps, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our CDS on corporate bond indices, CDS on individual RMBS, and futures.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity refers to our ability to meet our cash needs, including repaying our borrowings, funding and maintaining positions in MBS and other assets, making distributions in the form of dividends, and other general business needs. Our short-term (one year or less) and long-term liquidity requirements include acquisition costs for assets we acquire, payment of our base management fee and incentive fee, compliance with margin requirements under our repurchase agreement, or "repo," reverse repo, TBA, and financial derivative contracts, repayment of reverse repo borrowings to the extent we are unable or unwilling to extend our reverse repos, payment of our general operating expenses, and payment of our quarterly dividend. Our capital resources primarily include cash on hand, cash flow from our investments (including monthly principal and interest payments received on our investments and proceeds from the sale of investments), borrowings under reverse repos, and proceeds from equity offerings. We expect that these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity needs.
The following summarizes our reverse repos:
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds During the Period | Borrowed Funds Outstanding at End of the Period | ||||||
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 | $ | 1,170,226 | $ | 1,188,831 | ||||
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 1,033,202 | $ | 1,287,992 |
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The following summarizes our borrowings under reverse repos by remaining maturity:
(In thousands) | As of June 30, 2014 | ||||||
Remaining Days to Maturity | Outstanding Borrowings | % | |||||
30 Days or Less | $ | 368,522 | 31.0 | % | |||
31 - 60 Days | 348,115 | 29.3 | % | ||||
61 - 90 Days | 292,692 | 24.6 | % | ||||
91 - 120 Days | 3,828 | 0.3 | % | ||||
121 - 150 Days | 28,875 | 2.4 | % | ||||
151 - 180 Days | 146,799 | 12.4 | % | ||||
$ | 1,188,831 | 100.0 | % |
Reverse repos involving underlying investments that we sold prior to June 30, 2014, for settlement following June 30, 2014, are shown using their original maturity dates even though such reverse repos may be expected to be terminated early upon settlement of the sale of the underlying investment. Not included are any reverse repos that we may have entered into prior to June 30, 2014 for which delivery of the borrowed funds is not scheduled until after June 30, 2014.
The amounts borrowed under our reverse repo agreements are generally subject to the application of "haircuts." A haircut is the percentage discount that a repo lender applies to the market value of an asset serving as collateral for a repo borrowing, for the purpose of determining whether such repo borrowing is adequately collateralized. As of June 30, 2014, the weighted average contractual haircut applicable to the assets that serve as collateral for our outstanding repo borrowings was 32.1% with respect to non-Agency assets, 5.5% with respect to Agency RMBS assets and 13.9% overall. As of December 31, 2013 these respective weighted average contractual haircuts were 31.5%, 5.8%, and 16.0%.
We expect to continue to borrow funds in the form of reverse repos as well as other similar types of financings. The terms of these borrowings under our master repurchase agreements generally conform to the terms in the standard master repurchase agreement as published by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, or "SIFMA," as to repayment and margin requirements. In addition, each lender typically requires that we include supplemental terms and conditions to the standard master repurchase agreement. Typical supplemental terms and conditions include the addition of or changes to provisions relating to margin calls, net asset value requirements, cross default provisions, certain key person events, changes in corporate structure, and requirements that all controversies related to the repurchase agreement be litigated in a particular jurisdiction. These provisions may differ for each of our lenders. We also have entered into an "evergreen" repurchase agreement with one lender that provides for an original term of 180 days, and which is automatically extended every day for an additional day (so as to maintain a remaining term of 180 days) unless notified otherwise by the lender. The agreement is not based on the SIFMA form, but its terms and conditions are similar to the terms and conditions of our other master repurchase agreements including with respect to events of default and remedies upon default.
As of both June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we had $1.2 billion of borrowings outstanding under our reverse repos. As of June 30, 2014, the remaining terms on our reverse repos ranged from 1 to 180 days, with an average remaining term of 62 days. As of December 31, 2013, the remaining terms on our reverse repos ranged from 2 to 180 days, with an average remaining term of 56 days. Our reverse repo borrowings were with a total of sixteen counterparties as of both June 30, 2014 and fourteen counterparties as of December 31, 2013. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, our reverse repos had a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.74% and 0.90%, respectively. As of June 30, 2014, our reverse repos had interest rates ranging from 0.26% to 2.25%. As of December 31, 2013, our reverse repos had interest rates ranging from 0.32% to 2.27%. Investments transferred as collateral under the reverse repos had an aggregate estimated fair value of $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The interest rates of our reverse repos have historically moved in close relationship to short-term LIBOR rates, and in some cases are explicitly indexed to short-term LIBOR rates and reset accordingly. It is expected that amounts due upon maturity of our reverse repos will be funded primarily through the roll/re-initiation of reverse repos and, if we are unable or unwilling to roll/re-initiate our reverse repos, through free cash and proceeds from the sale of securities.
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Amount at risk represents the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the fair value of collateral held by such counterparty over the amounts outstanding under reverse repos. The following tables reflect counterparties for which the amounts at risk relating to our reverse repos was greater than 5% of total equity as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
As of June 30, 2014:
Counterparty | Amount at Risk | Weighted Average Remaining Days to Maturity | Percentage of Equity | |||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC | $ | 40,171 | 32 | 6.4% | ||||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | $ | 34,315 | 180 | 5.4% |
As of December 31, 2013:
Counterparty | Amount at Risk | Weighted Average Remaining Days to Maturity | Percentage of Equity | |||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | $ | 48,979 | 180 | 7.8% | ||||
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC | $ | 46,016 | 46 | 7.4% | ||||
Barclays Capital Inc. | $ | 45,278 | 48 | 7.2% |
Although we typically finance most of our holdings of Agency RMBS, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we held unencumbered Agency pools, on a settlement date basis, in the amount of $3.9 million and $11.5 million, respectively.
We held cash and cash equivalents of approximately $145.0 million and $183.5 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Since the latter part of the second quarter of 2013, we have increased our level of cash holdings, both as a buffer against the increased market volatility and so as to be able to take advantage of potential investment opportunities.
We may declare dividends based on, among other things, our earnings, our financial condition, our working capital needs, and new opportunities. Dividends are declared and paid on a quarterly basis in arrears. The declaration of dividends to our shareholders and the amount of such dividends are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. During the six month period ended June 30, 2014, we paid total dividends in the amount of $40.1 million related to the three month periods ended December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014. In August 2014, our Board of Directors approved a dividend related to the second quarter of 2014 in the amount of $0.77 per share, or approximately $20.1 million, payable on September 15, 2014 to shareholders of record as of August 29, 2014. During the six month period ended June 30, 2013, we paid total dividends in the amount of $52.0 million related to the three month period and year ended December 31, 2012 and the three month period ended March 31, 2013.
The following tables set forth the dividend distributions authorized by the Board of Directors payable to shareholders and LTIP holders for the periods indicated below:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2014
(In thousands except per share amounts) | Dividend Per Share | Dividend Amount | Record Date | Payment Date | ||||||
First Quarter | $0.77 | $ | 20,070 | May 30, 2014 | June 16, 2014 | |||||
Second Quarter | $0.77 | $ | 20,070 | * | August 29, 2014 | September 15, 2014 |
* Estimated
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013
(In thousands except per share amounts) | Dividend Per Share | Dividend Amount | Record Date | Payment Date | ||||||
First Quarter | $0.77 | $ | 20,036 | May 31, 2013 | June 17, 2013 | |||||
Second Quarter | $0.77 | $ | 20,040 | August 30, 2013 | September 16, 2013 |
For the six month period ended June 30, 2014, our operating activities provided net cash in the amount of $48.4 million, and our reverse repo activity used to finance many of our investments (including repayments, in conjunction with the sales of
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investments, of amounts borrowed under our reverse repo agreements) used net cash of $47.3 million. Thus our operating activities, when combined with our reverse repo financings, provided net cash of $1.1 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2014. In addition, net contributions from non-controlling interests provided cash of $1.2 million. We used $40.1 million to pay dividends, $0.5 million for distributions to a non-controlling interest (our joint venture partner), and $0.1 for other financing activities. As a result there was a decrease in our cash holdings of $38.5 million from $183.5 million as of December 31, 2013 to $145.0 million as of June 30, 2014.
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, our operating activities used net cash of $317.4 million. Our reverse repo activity used to finance many of our investments (including repayments, in conjunction with the sales of investments, of amounts borrowed under our reverse repo agreements) provided net cash of $382.3 million. Thus our operating activities, when combined with our reverse repo financings, provided net cash of $64.9 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. In addition we received proceeds from issuance of common shares of $125.3 million, net of offering costs, and contributions from a non-controlling interest member provided cash of $4.7 million. We used $52.0 million to pay dividends and $0.2 million for other non-operating activity-related uses. As a result there was an increase in our cash holdings of $142.7 million from $59.1 million as of December 31, 2012 to $201.8 million as of June 30, 2013.
Based on our current portfolio, amount of free cash on hand, debt-to-equity ratio, and current and anticipated availability of credit, we believe that our capital resources will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term and long-term liquidity requirements. However, the unexpected inability to finance our Agency RMBS portfolio would create a serious short-term strain on our liquidity and would require us to liquidate much of that portfolio, which in turn would require us to restructure our portfolio to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Steep declines in the values of our RMBS assets financed using reverse repos, or in the values of our derivative contracts, would result in margin calls that would significantly reduce our free cash position. Furthermore, a substantial increase in prepayment rates on our assets financed by reverse repos could cause a temporary liquidity shortfall, because we are generally required to post margin on such assets in proportion to the amount of the announced principal paydowns before the actual receipt of the cash from such principal paydowns. If our cash resources are at any time insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may have to sell assets or issue debt or additional equity securities.
We are not required by our investment guidelines to maintain any specific debt-to-equity ratio, and we believe that the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we hold depends on the credit quality and risk of those assets, as well as the general availability and terms of stable and reliable financing for those assets.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We are a party to a management agreement with our Manager. Pursuant to that agreement, our Manager is entitled to receive a base management fee, an incentive fee, reimbursement of certain expenses and, in certain circumstances, a termination fee. Such fees and expenses do not have fixed and determinable payments. For a description of the management agreement provisions, see Note 7 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
We enter into reverse repos with third-party broker-dealers whereby we sell securities to such broker-dealers at agreed-upon purchase prices at the initiation of the reverse repos and agree to repurchase such securities at predetermined repurchase prices and termination dates, thus providing the broker-dealers with an implied interest rate on the funds initially transferred to us by the broker-dealers. We enter into repos with third-party broker-dealers whereby we purchase securities under agreements to resell at an agreed-upon price and date. In general, we most often enter into repo transactions in order to effectively borrow securities that we can then deliver to counterparties to whom we have made short sales of the same securities. The implied interest rates on the repos and reverse repos we enter into are based upon competitive market rates at the time of initiation. Repos and reverse repos that are conducted with the same counterparty may be reported on a net basis if they meet the requirements of ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet, Offsetting. See "—Liquidity and Capital Resources" for a summary of our borrowings on reverse repos. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 there were no repurchase agreements or reverse repos reported net on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity.
As of June 30, 2014, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our reverse repos with sixteen counterparties of approximately $206.1 million and as of December 31, 2013, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our reverse repos with fourteen counterparties of approximately $244.7 million. Amounts at risk represent the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the fair value of collateral held by such counterparty over the amounts outstanding under reverse repos. If the amounts outstanding under repos and reverse repos with a particular counterparty are greater than the collateral held by the counterparty, there is no amount at risk for the particular counterparty. Amount at risk as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 does not include approximately $4.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of net accrued interest, which is defined as accrued interest on securities held as collateral less interest payable on cash borrowed.
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Our derivatives are predominantly subject to bilateral collateral arrangements or clearing in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. We may be required to deliver or receive cash or securities as collateral upon entering into derivative transactions. Changes in the relative value of derivative transactions may require us or the counterparty to post or receive additional collateral. Entering into derivative contracts involves market risk in excess of amounts recorded on our balance sheet. In the case of cleared derivatives, the clearinghouse becomes our counterparty and the futures commission merchant, or "FCM," acts as an intermediary between us and the clearinghouse with respect to all facets of the related transaction, including the posting and receipt of required collateral.
As of June 30, 2014, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our derivative contracts with thirteen counterparties of approximately $21.0 million. We also had $10.1 million of initial margin for cleared OTC derivatives posted to central clearinghouses as of that date. As of December 31, 2013, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our derivatives contracts with eleven counterparties of approximately $23.4 million. We also had $10.1 million of initial margin for cleared OTC derivatives posted to central clearinghouses as of that date. Amounts at risk under our derivatives contracts represent the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the fair value of our derivative contracts plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty less the counterparty's collateral held by us. If a particular counterparty's collateral held by us is greater than the aggregate fair value of the financial derivatives plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty, there is no amount at risk for the particular counterparty.
We are party to a tri-party collateral arrangement under one of our International Swaps and Derivatives Association, or "ISDA," trading agreements whereby a third party holds collateral posted by us. Pursuant to the terms of the arrangement, the third party must follow certain pre-defined actions prior to the release of the collateral to the counterparty or to us. Due from Brokers on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity includes, at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, collateral posted by us and held by a third-party custodian in the amount of approximately $20.6 million and $22.6 million, respectively.
We purchase and sell TBAs and Agency pass-through certificates on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. The delayed delivery for these securities means that these transactions are more prone to market fluctuations between the trade date and the ultimate settlement date, and thereby are more vulnerable, especially in the absence of margining arrangements with respect to these transactions, to increasing amounts at risk with the applicable counterparties. As of June 30, 2014, in connection with our forward settling TBA and Agency pass-through certificates, we had an aggregate amount at risk with seven counterparties of approximately $3.6 million. As of December 31, 2013, in connection with our forward settling TBA and Agency pass-through certificates, we had an aggregate amount at risk with ten counterparties of approximately $7.8 million. Amounts at risk in connection with our forward settling TBA and Agency pass-through certificates represent the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the net fair value of the forward settling securities plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty less the counterparty's collateral held by us. If a particular counterparty's collateral held by us is greater than the aggregate fair value of the forward settling securities plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty, there is no amount at risk for the particular counterparty.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Further, we have not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities nor do we have any commitment or intent to provide funding to any such entities. As such, we are not materially exposed to any market, credit, liquidity, or financing risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more so than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and/or fair market value without considering inflation.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The primary components of our market risk at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are related to credit risk, prepayment risk, and interest rate risk. We seek to actively manage these and other risks and to acquire and hold assets that we believe justify bearing those risks, and to maintain capital levels consistent with those risks.
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Credit Risk
We are subject to credit risk in connection with many of our assets, especially non-Agency MBS and mortgage loans. Credit losses on real estate loans can occur for many reasons, including, but not limited to, poor origination practices, fraud, faulty appraisals, documentation errors, poor underwriting, legal errors, poor servicing practices, weak economic conditions, decline in the value of homes, businesses or commercial properties, special hazards, earthquakes and other natural events, over-leveraging of the borrower on the property, reduction in market rents and occupancies and poor property management services, changes in legal protections for lenders, reduction in personal income, job loss, and personal events such as divorce or health problems. Property values are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional, and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors), local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing), changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments, construction quality, age and design, demographic factors, and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. For mortgage-related instruments, the two primary components of credit risk are default risk and severity risk.
Default Risk
Default risk is the risk that borrowers will fail to make principal and interest payments on their mortgage loans. We may attempt to mitigate our default risk by, among other things, opportunistically entering into credit default swaps and total return swaps. These instruments can reference various MBS indices, corporate bond indices, or corporate entities, such as publicly traded REITs. We also rely on third-party mortgage servicers to mitigate our default risk, but such third-party mortgage servicers may have little or no economic incentive to mitigate loan default rates.
Severity Risk
Severity risk is the risk of loss upon a borrower default on a mortgage loan underlying our RMBS. Severity risk includes the risk of loss of value of the property underlying the mortgage loan as well as the risk of loss associated with taking over the property, including foreclosure costs. We rely on third-party mortgage servicers to mitigate our severity risk, but such third-party mortgage servicers may have little or no economic incentive to mitigate loan loss severities. Such mitigation efforts may include loan modification programs and prompt foreclosure and property liquidation following a default.
Much of the uncertainty as to the timing and magnitude of loan loss severities can be attributed to the uncertainty in foreclosure timelines. Because of the magnitude of the housing crisis, and in response to the well-publicized failures of many servicers to follow proper foreclosure procedures (such as involving "robo-signing"), mortgage servicers are being held to much higher foreclosure-related documentation standards than they previously were. However, because many mortgages have been transferred and assigned multiple times (and by means of varying assignment procedures) throughout the origination, warehouse and securitization processes, mortgage servicers are generally having much more difficulty furnishing the requisite documentation to initiate or complete foreclosures. This leads to stalled or suspended foreclosure proceedings and ultimately additional foreclosure-related costs. Foreclosure-related delays also tend to increase ultimate loan loss severities as a result of property deterioration, amplified legal and other costs, and other factors. The risk of extended foreclosure timelines is very difficult to quantify, and uncertainty has often been magnified by court cases with conflicting outcomes.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk of change, whether an increase or a decrease, in the rate at which principal is returned in respect of mortgage loans underlying RMBS, including both through voluntary prepayments and through liquidations due to defaults and foreclosures. This rate of prepayment is affected by a variety of factors, including the prevailing level of interest rates as well as economic, demographic, tax, social, legal, and other factors. Changes in prepayment rates will have varying effects on the different types of securities in our portfolio, and we attempt to take these effects into account in making asset management decisions. Additionally, increases in prepayment rates may cause us to experience losses on our interest only securities and inverse interest only securities, as those securities are extremely sensitive to prepayment rates. In the current relatively low interest rate environment, one might typically expect higher prepayment rates; however, as mortgage originators have tightened their lending standards and have also made the refinancing process far more cumbersome, the current level of prepayments is not nearly what would otherwise be expected. Prepayment rates, besides being subject to interest rates and borrower behavior, are also substantially affected by government policy and regulation. For example, prepayment risk has been heightened by the Federal Reserve's stated commitment to keep interest rates low in order to spur increased growth in the U.S. economy. The government sponsored HARP program, designed to encourage mortgage refinancings, has also become a factor in prepayment risk. Mortgage rates remain very low by historical standards, and as a result, prepayments continue to represent a meaningful risk, especially with respect to our Agency RMBS.
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Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with most of our assets and liabilities. For some securities in our portfolio, the coupon interest rates on, and therefore also the values of, such securities are highly sensitive to interest rate movements, such as inverse floating rate RMBS, which benefit from falling interest rates. We selectively hedge our interest rate risk by entering into interest rate swaps, TBAs, U.S. Treasury securities, Eurodollar futures, U.S. Treasury futures, and other instruments. In general, such hedging instruments are used to offset the large majority of the interest rate risk we estimate to arise from our Agency RMBS positions. Hedging instruments may also be used to offset a portion of the interest rate risk arising from certain non-Agency MBS positions.
The following sensitivity analysis table shows the estimated impact on the value of our portfolio segregated by certain identified categories as of June 30, 2014, assuming a static portfolio and immediate and parallel shifts in interest rates from current levels as indicated below.
(In thousands) | Estimated Change in value for a Decrease in Interest Rates by | Estimated Change in value for an Increase in Interest Rates by | ||||||||||||||
Category of Instruments | 50 Basis Points | 100 Basis Points | 50 Basis Points | 100 Basis Points | ||||||||||||
Agency RMBS | $ | 4,311 | $ | 5,385 | $ | (7,550 | ) | $ | (18,335 | ) | ||||||
Non-Agency RMBS, CMBS, Other ABS, and Mortgage Loans | 6,265 | 12,694 | (6,100 | ) | (12,037 | ) | ||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities, and Interest Rate Swaps, Options, and Futures | (11,326 | ) | (23,308 | ) | 10,669 | 20,680 | ||||||||||
Mortgage-Related Derivatives | (366 | ) | (482 | ) | 616 | 1,482 | ||||||||||
Corporate Securities and Derivatives on Corporate Securities | 896 | 2,076 | (611 | ) | (937 | ) | ||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements and Reverse Repurchase Agreements | (515 | ) | (644 | ) | 694 | 1,387 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | (735 | ) | $ | (4,279 | ) | $ | (2,282 | ) | $ | (7,760 | ) |
The preceding analysis does not show sensitivity to changes in interest rates for instruments for which we believe that the effect of a change in interest rates is not material to the value of the overall portfolio and/or cannot be accurately estimated. In particular, this analysis excludes certain of our holdings of corporate securities and derivatives on corporate securities, and reflects only sensitivity to U.S. interest rates.
Our analysis of interest rate risk is derived from Ellington's proprietary models as well as third-party information and analytics. Many assumptions have been made in connection with the calculations set forth in the table above and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. For example, for each hypothetical immediate shift in interest rates, assumptions have been made as to the response of mortgage prepayment rates, the shape of the yield curve, and market volatilities of interest rates; each of the foregoing factors can significantly and adversely affect the fair value of our interest rate-sensitive instruments.
The above analysis utilizes assumptions and estimates based on management's judgment and experience, and relies on financial models, which are inherently imperfect; in fact, different models can produce different results for the same securities. While the table above reflects the estimated impacts of immediate parallel interest rate increases and decreases on specific categories of instruments in our portfolio, we actively trade many of the instruments in our portfolio, and therefore our current or future portfolios may have risks that differ significantly from those of our June 30, 2014 portfolio estimated above. Moreover, the impact of changing interest rates on fair value can change significantly when interest rates change by a greater amount than the hypothetical shifts assumed above. Furthermore, our portfolio is subject to many risks other than interest rate risks, and these additional risks may or may not be correlated with changes in interest rates. For all of the foregoing reasons and others, the table above is for illustrative purposes only and actual changes in interest rates would likely cause changes in the actual fair value of our portfolio that would differ from those presented above, and such differences might be significant and adverse. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized
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and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2014. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2014.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three month period ended June 30, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Neither we nor our Manager are currently subject to any legal proceedings that we or our Manager consider material. Nevertheless, we, our Manager and Ellington operate in highly regulated markets that currently are under intense regulatory scrutiny, and Ellington and its affiliates have received, and we expect in the future that they may receive, inquiries and requests for documents and information from various federal, state and foreign regulators. See "Risk Factors -We, Ellington, or its affiliates may be subject to regulatory inquiries or proceedings" included in Part 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. Ellington has advised us that, at the present time, it is not aware that any material legal proceeding against Ellington and its affiliates is contemplated in connection with any such inquiries or requests. Ellington and we cannot provide any assurance that these inquiries and requests will not result in further investigation of or the initiation of a proceeding against Ellington or its affiliates or that, if any such investigation or proceeding were to arise, it would not materially adversely affect our company.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. There have been no material changes from these previously disclosed risk factors. See also "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," included in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit | Description | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
101 | The following financial information from Ellington Financial LLC's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
* | Furnished herewith. These certifications are not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC. | ||||
Date: | August 7, 2014 | By: | /s/ LAURENCE PENN | |
Laurence Penn Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC. | ||||
Date: | August 7, 2014 | By: | /s/ LISA MUMFORD | |
Lisa Mumford Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Description | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
101 | The following financial information from Ellington Financial LLC's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
* | Furnished herewith. These certifications are not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
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