FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The following tables summarize the valuation of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected by the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively: As of September 30, 2015 Level I (5) Level II (5) Level III Total Cost Investments at Fair Value Assets Investments, at fair value: Investments held by Apollo Senior Loan Fund $ — $ 22,565 $ 3,421 $ 25,986 $ 26,172 Other Investments — — 469 469 621 Investment in Athene Holding (1) — — 495,942 495,942 387,526 Investment in RCAP — — 25,000 25,000 25,000 Total investments at fair value — 22,565 524,832 547,397 439,319 Investments of VIEs, at fair value (3) — 815,644 128,306 943,950 Total Assets $ — $ 838,209 $ 653,138 $ 1,491,347 Liabilities Liabilities of VIEs, at fair value (3)(4) $ — $ 825,322 $ 11,746 $ 837,068 Contingent Consideration Obligations (2) — — 81,606 81,606 Total Liabilities $ — $ 825,322 $ 93,352 $ 918,674 As of December 31, 2014 Level I (5) Level II (5) Level III Total Cost of Investments Fair Value Assets Investments, at fair value: Investment in AAA Investments (6) $ — $ — $ 2,144,118 $ 2,144,118 $ 1,494,358 Investments held by Apollo Senior Loan Fund — 25,537 4,359 29,896 30,100 Other Investments — — 600 600 3,318 Investment in Athene Holding (1) — — 324,514 324,514 324,293 Total investments at fair value — 25,537 2,473,591 2,499,128 1,852,069 AAA/Athene Receivable (1) — — 61,292 61,292 Investments of VIEs, at fair value (3) 176 13,135,564 2,522,913 15,658,653 Total Assets $ 176 $ 13,161,101 $ 5,057,796 $ 18,219,073 Liabilities Liabilities of VIEs, at fair value (3)(4) $ — $ 1,793,353 $ 12,343,021 $ 14,136,374 Contingent Consideration Obligations (2) — — 96,126 96,126 Total Liabilities $ — $ 1,793,353 $ 12,439,147 $ 14,232,500 (1) See note 12 for further disclosure regarding the investment in Athene Holding and the AAA/Athene Receivable. (2) See note 13 for further disclosure regarding contingent consideration obligations. (3) See note 4 for further disclosure regarding VIEs. (4) As of September 30, 2015 , liabilities of VIEs, at fair value includes debt and other liabilities of $825.3 million and $11.7 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2014 , liabilities of VIEs, at fair value includes debt and other liabilities of $14,123.1 million and $13.3 million , respectively. Other liabilities include contingent obligations classified as Level III. (5) All Level I and Level II investments and liabilities were valued using third party pricing. (6) As of December 31, 2014, the financial instruments held by AAA represented 98.6% of net assets of consolidated funds (excluding VIEs). There were no transfers of financial assets into Level I for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 . In addition, there were no transfers of financial liabilities between Level I and Level II for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 . The following table summarizes the transfers of financial assets from Level I into Level II for positions that existed as of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 , respectively: For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 Transfers from Level I into Level II $ — $ — $ — $ 4,084 Transfers were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these investments to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. The following tables summarize the changes in fair value in financial assets measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 , respectively: For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Investments held by Apollo Senior Loan Fund Other Investments Investment in Athene Holding Investment in RCAP Investments of Consolidated VIEs Total Balance, Beginning of Period $ 2,003 $ 629 $ 414,726 $ — $ 132,079 $ 549,437 Purchases 1,945 3 — 25,000 4,562 31,510 Sales of investments/distributions (2,482 ) (54 ) — — (5,736 ) (8,272 ) Net realized gains 12 — — — 553 565 Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) 18 (109 ) 81,216 — 1,369 82,494 Cumulative translation adjustment — — — — 325 325 Transfer into Level III (1) 3,147 — — — 21,411 24,558 Transfer out of Level III (1) (1,222 ) — — — (26,257 ) (27,479 ) Balance, End of Period $ 3,421 $ 469 $ 495,942 $ 25,000 $ 128,306 $ 653,138 Change in net unrealized gains (losses) included in Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities related to investments still held at reporting date $ (315 ) $ (109 ) $ 81,216 $ — $ — $ 80,792 Change in net unrealized losses included in Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date — — — — (78 ) (78 ) (1) Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Investment in AAA Investments Investments held by Apollo Senior Loan Fund Other Investments Investment in Athene Holding AAA/Athene Receivable Investments of Consolidated VIEs Total Balance, Beginning of Period $ 2,146,979 $ 987 $ 51,172 $ 207,253 $ 55,836 $ 2,051,862 $ 4,514,089 Elimination of investments attributable to consolidation of VIEs — — — — — 17,762 17,762 Fees — — — — 57,979 — 57,979 Purchases — 1,726 124 — — 673,384 675,234 Sales of investments/distributions — (15 ) (50,000 ) — — (490,105 ) (540,120 ) Net realized gains (losses) — — (12,871 ) — — 12,707 (164 ) Changes in net unrealized gains 125 11 12,996 92 — 7,214 20,438 Transfer into Level III (1) — 377 — — — 315,852 316,229 Transfer out of Level III (1) — (321 ) — — — (393,092 ) (393,413 ) Settlement of derivatives (2) — — — 57,968 (57,968 ) — — Balance, End of Period $ 2,147,104 $ 2,765 $ 1,421 $ 265,313 $ 55,847 $ 2,195,584 $ 4,668,034 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities related to investments still held at reporting date $ 125 $ 11 $ 12,996 $ 92 $ — $ — $ 13,224 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities of Consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date — — — — — 18,277 18,277 (1) Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. (2) See note 12 for further disclosure regarding the settlement of the Athene Services Derivative, the AAA Services Derivative and the investment in Athene Holding. For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Investment in AAA Investments Investments held by Apollo Senior Loan Fund Other Investments Investment in Athene Holding AAA/Athene Receivable Investment in RCAP Investments of Consolidated VIEs Total Balance, Beginning of Period $ 2,144,118 $ 4,359 $ 600 $ 324,514 $ 61,292 $ — $ 2,522,913 $ 5,057,796 Adoption of accounting guidance (2,144,118 ) — — — — — (2,399,130 ) (4,543,248 ) Fees — — — — 1,942 — — 1,942 Purchases — 4,424 272 — — 25,000 25,923 55,619 Sales of investments/distributions — (5,085 ) (101 ) — — — (15,359 ) (20,545 ) Net realized gains — 36 — — — — 3,300 3,336 Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) — (23 ) (302 ) 108,194 — — 1,915 109,784 Cumulative translation adjustment — — — — — — (9,519 ) (9,519 ) Transfer into Level III (1) — 4,951 — — — — 53,887 58,838 Transfer out of Level III (1) — (5,241 ) — — — — (55,624 ) (60,865 ) Settlement of receivable (2) — — — 63,234 (63,234 ) — — — Balance, End of Period $ — $ 3,421 $ 469 $ 495,942 $ — $ 25,000 $ 128,306 $ 653,138 Change in net unrealized gains (losses) included in Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities related to investments still held at reporting date $ — $ (353 ) $ (302 ) $ 108,194 $ — $ — $ — $ 107,539 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities of Consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date — — — — — — 2,262 2,262 (1) Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. (2) See note 12 for further disclosure regarding the settlement of the AAA/Athene receivable and the investment in Athene Holding. For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 Investment in AAA Investments Investments held by Apollo Senior Loan Fund Other Investments Athene and AAA Services Derivatives Investment in Athene Holding AAA/Athene Receivable Investments of Consolidated VIEs Total Balance, Beginning of Period $ 1,942,051 $ 892 $ 40,373 $ 130,709 $ — $ — $ 1,919,537 $ 4,033,562 Elimination of investments attributable to consolidation of VIEs — — — — — — 16,666 16,666 Fees — — — 60,422 — 113,815 — 174,237 Purchases — 3,716 1,849 — 2,083 — 988,308 995,956 Sales of investments/distributions — (1,524 ) (50,142 ) — — — (788,089 ) (839,755 ) Net realized gains (losses) — 10 (12,871 ) 24,242 — — (8,495 ) 2,886 Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) 205,053 47 22,212 (10,203 ) 92 — 33,826 251,027 Transfer into Level III (1) — 859 — — — — 897,616 898,475 Transfer out of Level III (1) — (1,235 ) — — — — (863,785 ) (865,020 ) Settlement of derivatives (2) — — — (205,170 ) 263,138 (57,968 ) — — Balance, End of Period $ 2,147,104 $ 2,765 $ 1,421 $ — $ 265,313 $ 55,847 $ 2,195,584 $ 4,668,034 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities related to investments still held at reporting date $ 205,053 $ 47 $ 22,212 $ — $ 92 $ — $ — $ 227,404 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities of Consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date — — — — — — 34,543 34,543 (1) Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. (2) See note 12 for further disclosure regarding the settlement of the Athene Services Derivative, the AAA Services Derivative and the investment in Athene Holding. The following tables summarize the changes in fair value in financial liabilities measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 , respectively: For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 2014 Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Contingent Consideration Obligations Total Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Contingent Consideration Obligations Total Balance, Beginning of Period $ 11,714 $ 92,968 $ 104,682 $ 10,211,336 $ 115,220 $ 10,326,556 Elimination of debt attributable to consolidation of VIEs — — — (19,982 ) — (19,982 ) Additions — — — 2,573,593 — 2,573,593 Payments/Extinguishment (3) — (3,026 ) (3,026 ) (495,236 ) (19,043 ) (514,279 ) Net realized gains — — — (101,388 ) — (101,388 ) Changes in net unrealized (gains) losses (2) — (8,336 ) (8,336 ) 65,596 734 66,330 Cumulative translation adjustment 32 — 32 — — — Transfers into Level III (1) — — — 87,794 (1) — 87,794 Transfers out of Level III (1) — — — (33,418 ) (1) — (33,418 ) Balance, End of Period $ 11,746 $ 81,606 $ 93,352 $ 12,288,295 $ 96,911 $ 12,385,206 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities of consolidated VIEs related to liabilities still held at reporting date $ — $ — $ — $ (21,716 ) $ — $ (21,716 ) (1) Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial liabilities to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. (2) Change in fair value of contingent consideration obligations are recorded in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. (3) For the three months ended September 30, 2014 , includes a $13.4 million extinguishment of contingent consideration obligations, which is recorded in other income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 2014 Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Contingent Consideration Obligations Total Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Contingent Consideration Obligations Total Balance, Beginning of Period $ 12,343,021 $ 96,126 $ 12,439,147 $ 9,994,147 $ 135,511 $ 10,129,658 Elimination of debt attributable to consolidation of VIEs — — — (13,258 ) — (13,258 ) Adoption of accounting guidance (11,433,815 ) — (11,433,815 ) — — — Additions — — — 3,469,560 — 3,469,560 Payments/Extinguishment (4) — (12,746 ) (12,746 ) (1,336,015 ) (44,126 ) (1,380,141 ) Net realized gains — — — (101,745 ) — (101,745 ) Changes in net unrealized (gains) losses (2) (8,244 ) (1,774 ) (10,018 ) 54,586 5,526 60,112 Cumulative translation adjustment (92,258 ) — (92,258 ) — — — Transfers into Level III — — — 461,865 (1) — 461,865 Transfers out of Level III (796,958 ) (3 ) — (796,958 ) (240,845 ) (1) — (240,845 ) Balance, End of Period $ 11,746 $ 81,606 $ 93,352 $ 12,288,295 $ 96,911 $ 12,385,206 Change in net unrealized gains included in Net Gains from Investment Activities of consolidated VIEs related to liabilities still held at reporting date $ — $ — $ — $ (66,139 ) $ — $ (66,139 ) (1) Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial liabilities to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. (2) Changes in fair value of contingent consideration obligations are recorded in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. (3) Upon adoption of new accounting guidance (see note 2), the debt obligations of consolidated CLOs are no longer categorized as Level III financial liabilities under the fair value hierarchy. Effective January 1, 2015, these financial liabilities are measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the consolidated CLOs and were categorized as Level II as of September 30, 2015. (4) For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 , includes a $13.4 million extinguishment of contingent consideration obligations, which is recorded in other income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level III under the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 : As of September 30, 2015 Fair Value Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Ranges Weighted Average Financial Assets Investments of Consolidated Apollo Funds: Apollo Senior Loan Fund $ 3,421 Third Party Pricing (1) N/A N/A N/A Investments in Other 469 Other N/A N/A N/A Investment in RCAP 25,000 Other N/A N/A N/A Investment in Athene Holding 495,942 Book Value Multiple Book Value Multiple 1.20x 1.20x Investments of Consolidated VIEs: Bank Debt Term Loans 41,018 Third Party Pricing (1) N/A N/A N/A Corporate Loans/Bonds/CLO Notes 26,053 Third Party Pricing (1) N/A N/A N/A Equity Securities 54,513 Market Comparable Companies Comparable Multiples 0.53x 0.53x Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 15.1% 15.1% Other 6,722 Net Asset Value N/A N/A N/A Total Investments of Consolidated VIEs 128,306 Total Financial Assets $ 653,138 Financial Liabilities Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs: Contingent Obligation $ 11,746 Other N/A N/A N/A Contingent Consideration Obligation 81,606 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 10.5% - 18.0% 16.3% Total Financial Liabilities $ 93,352 (1) These securities are valued primarily using broker quotes. As of December 31, 2014 Fair Value Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Ranges Weighted Average Financial Assets Investments of Consolidated Apollo Funds: AAA Investments (1) $ 2,144,118 Net Asset Value N/A N/A N/A Apollo Senior Loan Fund 4,359 Third Party Pricing (2) N/A N/A N/A Other Investments 600 Other N/A N/A N/A Investment in Athene Holding 324,514 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 15.0% 15.0% AAA/Athene Receivable 61,292 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 15.0% 15.0% Investments of Consolidated VIEs: Bank Debt Term Loans 1,340,296 Third Party Pricing (2) N/A N/A N/A 87,314 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 7.1% - 14.0% 8.4% Corporate Loans/Bonds/CLO Notes (3) 1,009,873 Third Party Pricing (2) N/A N/A N/A Equity Securities 930 Third Party Pricing (2) N/A N/A N/A 4,610 Market Comparable Companies Comparable Multiples 5.8x 5.8x 58,923 Transaction Purchase Price N/A N/A 20,967 Transaction Implied Multiple 5.2x 5.2x Total Investments of Consolidated VIEs 2,522,913 Total Financial Assets $ 5,057,796 Financial Liabilities Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs: Subordinated Notes $ 908,831 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 10.0% - 12.5% 11.5% Default Rate 1.0% - 2.0% 1.7% Recovery Rate 75.0% 75.0% Subordinated Notes 106,090 Other N/A N/A N/A Senior Secured Notes 9,283,534 Third Party Pricing (2) N/A N/A N/A Senior Secured and Subordinated Notes 2,031,292 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 1.6% - 1.8% 1.7% Default Rate 2.0% 2.0% Recovery Rate 15.0% - 75.0% 69.0% Contingent Obligation 13,274 Other N/A N/A N/A Total Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs 12,343,021 Contingent Consideration Obligation 96,126 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate 11.0% - 18.5% 15.7% Total Financial Liabilities $ 12,439,147 (1) The net asset value of the underlying securities held by AAA Investments represents its sole investment in Athene, offset by other net liabilities. The investment in Athene was valued at $2,244.2 million as of December 31, 2014 using the embedded value method based on the present value of the future expected regulatory distributable income generated by the net assets of Athene plus the excess capital (i.e., the capital in excess of what is required to be held against Athene’s liabilities). The unobservable inputs and respective ranges used are the same as noted for the Investment in Athene Holding and the AAA/Athene Receivable in the table above. See note 12 for discussion of the investment in Athene Holding. (2) These securities are valued primarily using broker quotes. (3) Balance includes investments in an affiliated fund, which primarily invests in corporate loans, bonds, and CLO notes. Balance at December 31, 2014 includes investments in an affiliated fund in the amount of $865.9 million , which were valued based on NAV. Investment in Athene Holding and AAA/Athene Receivable The Company elected the fair value option for its investment in Athene Holding at the time of settlement of the Athene Services Derivative and AAA Services Derivative. The Company has classified this investment as a Level III asset in the fair value hierarchy, as the pricing inputs into the determination of fair value require significant judgment and estimation. The investment is valued based on the price of a common share of Athene Holding. As of September 30, 2015, the Company changed the valuation method used to value its investment in Athene Holding from the embedded value approach to the GAAP book value multiple approach. This change was driven by developments in Athene’s business as noted below. Athene’s business was principally built through a series of acquisitions of individual portfolios of fixed index annuities since its inception in 2009. As of and prior to June 30, 2015, in valuing Apollo’s investment in Athene Holding, the embedded value method was employed to determine the fair value of shares in Athene Holding in periods where there was not an observable market value. The embedded value methodology is widely used by market participants in the insurance industry in private company acquisitions of individual portfolios of annuities. The embedded value method estimates the present value of the future expected regulatory distributable income generated by the net assets plus the excess capital (i.e., the capital in excess of what is required to be held against liabilities) in determining fair value. Thus the embedded value method, as historically applied to the Athene valuation, was used to derive a value of Athene’s existing block of business as well as the value of undeployed capital equivalent to the excess capital held. As of June 30, 2015 and prior, Apollo also calculated an implied GAAP book value multiple for Athene, based on a projected GAAP book value, and compared that multiple to Athene’s publicly traded insurance peers as a secondary valuation point to assess the reasonableness of the valuation derived under the embedded value method. As of September 30, 2015, the fair value of Apollo’s investment in Athene Holding was estimated under the GAAP book value multiple approach by applying a book value multiple to the GAAP book value per share of Athene Holding. The conversion price for all Athene management incentive shares granted was added to Athene’s GAAP book value excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) for purposes of determining GAAP book value per share. Apollo calculated a multiple for public company peers of Athene by dividing each peer’s market capitalization by its reported GAAP equity, excluding AOCI. A regression analysis was then prepared based on the calculated multiple of each peer relative to its expected return on GAAP equity, excluding AOCI, relative to Athene. From this analysis, a comparable book value multiple for Athene was derived and then appropriately discounted to factor in the projected time frame of an initial public offering (“IPO”) of Athene and subsequent liquidity of shares (taking into consideration any post-IPO lock-up restrictions on the shares). As a result of the above analysis, Apollo concluded it was appropriate to apply a multiple of 1.20 to Athene’s GAAP book value per share, in estimating the value per share of Athene Holding at September 30, 2015. The unrealized gain recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2015 was driven by quarterly activity as Athene has continued to evolve its business model and position itself for becoming a public company including, hiring a new President and CFO, investing in a broad-based marketing campaign for its retail product offering, launching a Funding Agreement Backed Note ("FABN") program, and diversifying into new businesses via the closing of the acquisition of Delta Lloyd Deutschland AG and its subsidiaries. Further, during the three months ended September 30, 2015, Athene published its 2014 audited GAAP financial statements and issued its unaudited GAAP financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2015 (which facilitated the ability to use a book value multiple as a primary methodology). All of these activities are drivers of incremental value that occurred since the prior quarter. The embedded valuation methodology is well suited for valuing individual insurance portfolios, however, management believes the book value multiple methodology best reflects the fair value of Athene going forward given the evolution of Athene’s business since June 30, 2015. The GAAP book value multiple also serves as a common industry benchmark for Athene’s public insurance company peers. In addition, as a secondary valuation consideration, the Company performed analysis under other methodologies including price to earnings multiple and embedded value approaches which supported the reasonableness of the fair market value estimate by the book value multiple method. As of September 30, 2015 , the significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the investment in Athene Holding is the GAAP book value multiple. This input in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. Specifically, when the GAAP book value multiple method is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the GAAP book value multiple itself. An increase in the GAAP book value multiple can significantly increase the fair value of an investment; conversely a decrease in the GAAP book value multiple can significantly decrease the fair value of an investment. The sensitivity of the valuation to changes in the multiple is directly proportional to the change in the multiple itself. As of December 31, 2014, the significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the investment in Athene Holding was the discount rate applied in the valuation model. This input in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. Specifically, when a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. An increase in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of an investment; conversely a decrease in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of an investment. The discount rate is determined based on the expected required rate of return based on the risk profile of similar cash flows. Apollo Senior Loan Fund The Company is the sole investor in the Apollo Senior Loan Fund and therefore consolidates the assets and liabilities of the fund. The fund invests in U.S. denominated senior secured loans, senior secured bonds and other income generating fixed-income investments. Consolidated VIEs Investments The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the bank debt term loans and equity securities include the discount rate applied and the multiples applied in the valuation models. These unobservable inputs in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. Specifically, when a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. Increases in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of an investment; conversely decreases in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of an investment. The discount rate is determined based on the market rates an investor would expect for a similar investment with similar risks. When a comparable multiple model is used to determine fair value, the comparable multiples are generally multiplied by the underlying companies’ earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) to establish the total enterprise value of the company. The comparable multiple is determined based on the implied trading multiple of public industry peers. Liabilities The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the subordinated and senior secured notes include the discount rate applied in the valuation models, default and recovery rates applied in the valuation models. These inputs in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. Specifically, when a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. Increases in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of subordinated and senior secured notes; conversely a decrease in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of subordinated and senior secured notes. The discount rate is determined based on the market rates an investor would expect for similar subordinated and senior secured notes with similar risks. As of September 30, 2015 , due to the adoption of new accounting guidance (see note 2), the debt obligations of the consolidated CLOs are measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLOs as the financial assets were determined to be more observable and, as a result, categorized as Level II in the fair value hierarchy. Contingent Consideration Obligations The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligations is the discount rate applied in the valuation models. This input in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. Specifically, when a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. Increases in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations; conversely a decrease in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations. The discount rate was based on the weighted average cost of capital for the Company. See note 13 for further discussion of the contingent consideration obligations. |