Mr. Federico, who joined our board of directors in June 2007, and Dr. Moll, who joined our board in August 2007, each received a prorated annual retainer of $20,000, a fee of $1,000 for each board meeting or committee meeting attended in person during 2007 and $500 for each telephonic or video board or committee meeting attended during 2007. None of our other non-employee directors, Dr. Blumenfeld or Messrs. Brunk, Chao, Dewey or Stansky, received any compensation for their services on the board of directors during 2007. Similarly, Dr. Ferré, our only employee director, does not receive any compensation for his services as a director. All directors are entitled to reimbursement for their reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses associated with board or committee meetings attended in person.
On June 5, 2007, the compensation committee generally looked to the experience Mr. Federico brought to the board and, based on negotiations with Mr. Federico, approved an option award of 9,900 shares of our common stock at a fair market value of $9.67. Similarly, on August 24, 2007, the compensation committee looked to the experience Dr. Moll brought to the board and, based on negotiations with Dr. Moll, approved an option award of 9,900 shares of our common stock at a fair market value of $11.12. Mr. Federico was granted an additional option for 3,300 shares of common stock at a fair market value of $11.12. In addition, each of Mr. Federico and Dr. Moll is entitled to an annual grant of options to purchase 3,300 shares of the Company’s common stock at fair market value. In each case, one-third of the option grant vests on the first anniversary of Mr. Federico or Dr. Moll’s election to the board. The remaining two-thirds of the option grant vests ratably over the ensuing 24 months of the director’s tenure on the board of directors, subject to his continued service. On a case-by-case basis, non-employee directors may be entitled to receive options, in an amount determined by our compensation committee in its discretion, to purchase shares of common stock upon initial election or appointment to the board of directors. In determining the number of options granted to a director upon initial election or appointment, the compensation committee uses its judgment and, consistent with our compensation objectives, maintains the flexibility necessary to recruit qualified and experienced directors. Until February 2008, all outstanding options granted to our non-employee directors were issued under our 2004 Stock Incentive Plan. All future options granted to our non-employee directors will be issued under our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Our executive officers and key employees, their respective ages as of April 14, 2008 and their positions with our company are as follows:
The principal occupations and positions for at least the past five years of the executive officers and key employees named above are as follows:
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Maurice R. Ferré, M.D.Please see “Election of Directors” above.
Fritz L. LaPorte, our Senior Vice President of Finance and Administration, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, has been with us since our inception in November 2004. From 2001 to November 2004, Mr. LaPorte served as Chief Financial Officer of Z-KAT, Inc. From 1997 to 2000, Mr. LaPorte served as the Director of Finance for Holy Cross Hospital, Inc., a 580-bed acute care facility in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. LaPorte served as a Senior Auditor in the Assurance Healthcare Group of Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. Mr. LaPorte holds a B.B.A. in accounting from Florida Atlantic University and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Rony A. Abovitz, our Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, has been with us since our inception in November 2004. Mr. Abovitz was a co-founder of Z-KAT, Inc., and from 1997 to November 2004, he held various executive positions, including Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer. From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Abovitz worked as a research and development engineer for Lima Orthopedics, Inc. developing orthopedic implants. Mr. Abovitz holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering and an M.S. in biomedical engineering from the University of Miami.
Menashe R. Frank, our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, has been with us since our inception in November 2004. From July 2004 to November 2004, Mr. Frank was a legal consultant to Z-KAT, Inc. Mr. Frank was a corporate associate at the law firm of Hogan & Hartson LLP from 2001 to June 2004, and the law firm of Baker & McKenzie from 2000 to 2001. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Frank served as Chief Legal Officer for Enticent.com, Inc., a marketing technology enterprise. He was also an associate in the business finance and restructuring department of the law firm of Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP from 1996 to 1998. Mr. Frank holds a B.A. in political science from American University and a J.D. from the University of Miami School of Law.
Duncan H. Moffat, our Senior Vice President of Operations, has been with us since April 2008. From 2001 to 2008, Mr. Moffat served as VP Operations for the nuclear medicine business of Philips Medical Systems, a worldwide manufacturer of medical imaging equipment. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Moffat served as Vice President of Operations for Lumisys, a start-up company providing digital x-ray products that was sold to Eastman Kodak in 2001. Beginning in 1982, Mr. Moffat held various positions with the Lucas companies, first with two Lucas affiliates in England, followed by a position as project manager with Lucas Control Systems Products, Hampton, Virginia, and then by a position as Director of Operations with Lucas Deeco Systems, Hayward, California, from 1995 to1998. Mr. Moffat holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland.
Steven J. Nunes,our Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing, has been with us since May 2006. From September 2002 to May 2006, Mr. Nunes served as Director of Commercialization for GE Healthcare. From 1996 to April 2002, Mr. Nunes held various positions, including Vice President of Sales and Marketing, at Visualization Technology, Inc., a medical device company for image-guided surgery, which was later acquired by GE Healthcare. In 1990, Mr. Nunes established SJN Medical Inc., an independent distributor of surgical endoscopy products, and served as its President until the company was acquired in 1996. Mr. Nunes holds a B.A. in broadcast journalism from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst.
KEY EMPLOYEES
Benny Hagag, our Vice President of Business Development, has been with us since our inception in November 2004. From December 2002 to November 2004, Mr. Hagag was an engineering manager at Z-KAT, Inc. In addition to holding engineering team leader positions at several companies early in his career, from 2000 to November 2002, Mr. Hagag was a mechanical systems manager for GE Medical Systems. Mr. Hagag holds a B.Sc. in aerospace engineering and an M.B.A. from the Technion University in Israel.
William F. Tapia, our Vice President of Regulatory, Quality and Clinical Affairs, has been with us since our inception in November 2004. In 1997, Mr. Tapia co-founded Z-KAT, Inc. and served as a key executive leading the regulatory affairs and quality assurance departments until November 2004. He holds a B.S. in mathematics from Jacksonville University and an M.S. in biomedical engineering from the University of Miami.
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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this Compensation Discussion and Analysis is to provide material information about the compensation of our executive officers named below under the caption, “Executive Compensation—2007 and 2006 Summary Compensation Table,” whom we refer to as our named executive officers. In this section, we provide an analysis and explanation of our executive compensation program and the compensation derived by our named executive officers from this program.
COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES
Our compensation philosophy is to offer our executive officers, including the named executive officers, compensation and benefits that are competitive and that meet our goals of attracting, retaining and motivating highly skilled management so that we can achieve our financial and strategic objectives to create long-term value for our stockholders. We believe that compensation should be determined within a framework that is intended to reward individual contribution and strong financial performance by our company. Within this overall philosophy, our objectives are to:
offer a total compensation program that takes into consideration competitive market requirements andstrategic business needs;
determine total compensation based on our company’s overall financial performance as well as individualcontributions; and
align the financial interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders.
ROLE OF DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND COMPENSATION CONSULTANTS
All final decisions regarding the compensation of our named executive officers are made by the compensation committee. Prior to delegating the authority to the compensation committee to make final compensation decisions, our board of directors approved all of the compensation committee’s recommendations with respect to the named executive officers’ compensation set forth in the tables below.
In making such decisions, the compensation committee considers the various factors described below in this “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” with respect to particular compensation elements. In addition, the compensation committee typically considers, but is not required to accept, the recommendations of Dr. Ferré regarding the performance and proposed base salary, bonus target and equity awards for our named executive officers, including Dr. Ferré. The compensation committee may also request the assistance of Mr. LaPorte, our Chief Financial Officer, and our human resources department in evaluating the financial, accounting and tax implications of various compensation awards paid to the named executive officers. Neither Mr. LaPorte nor our human resources employees, however, recommend or determine the amounts or types of compensation paid to the named executive officers. Dr. Ferré, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and certain of our other executive officers may attend compensation committee meetings, as requested by the chairman of the compensation committee and depending on the issues to be discussed by the compensation committee, but none of these executive officers, including Dr. Ferré, attends any portion of the compensation committee meetings during which his compensation is discussed and approved.
The compensation committee historically has not performed competitive reviews of our compensation programs with those of similarly-situated companies, nor have we engaged in “benchmarking” of compensation paid to our named executive officers. In the third quarter of 2007, however, the compensation committee retained Radford Surveys and Consulting to conduct a review of the pre-IPO equity ownership levels for senior management at other pre-IPO medical device and biotechnology companies in later stages of financing, and provide an analysis of how our senior management’s, including each of the named executive officers’, current equity holdings compared to the median of the surveyed companies. As discussed below under “Elements of our Executive Compensation Program—Long-Term Equity Compensation,” the survey showed that the equity holdings of our senior management were below the median and, as a result, the compensation committee recommended, and the board of directors approved, additional equity grants, primarily in an effort to retain these executives following the completion of our initial public offering, consistent with our objectives.
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Radford Surveys and Consulting used the following survey sources to conduct their analysis: (i) the 2006 Radford Biotechnology Pre-IPO Executive Report, which includes 30 pre-IPO biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies with outside investment levels between $40 and $80 million; (ii) the Dow Jones Venture Capital — Compensation Pro Database, which includes pre-IPO companies that have classified themselves as a medical device company and are in the “later stage” rounds of financings (generally, any round after the second round of financing); and (iii) the Top 5 Pre-IPO Life Sciences Industry (Medical Device) Survey, which includes 10 pre-IPO medical device companies that have completed series C rounds of financing. We do not know the component companies that were surveyed by Radford Surveys and Consulting as the companies’ names were not included in the report that Radford provided to the compensation committee.
In analyzing pre-IPO ownership levels, our company was compared to the 50th percentile of the surveyed companies. While we compared our senior management to the median of the survey results for equity holding purposes, we do not believe it is appropriate to emphasize this target, as it was used for the limited purpose of determining equity holdings as a pre-IPO company and it was not seen as an indication that we intended to “benchmark” the equity holdings of our senior management at the median of a “peer group” of companies. Any such determinations as to whether or not we will “benchmark” in the future will be made by the compensation committee.
ELEMENTS OF OUR EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PROGRAM
The principal elements of our executive compensation program have been base salary, a discretionary cash bonus and long-term equity compensation in the form of stock options or shares of restricted stock. We also have provided some named executive officers with limited perquisites and other benefits that the compensation committee believes were reasonable and consistent with the objectives of our executive compensation programs, as discussed below. In April 2007, we adopted a performance-based cash bonus plan applicable to all employees in management positions, including the named executive officers, and made grants of performance-based and other equity compensation to our employees, including the named executive officers. We discuss these more fully below.
Each of these compensation elements satisfies one or more of our retention, performance and alignment objectives, as described more fully below. We combine the compensation elements for each executive officer in a manner that the compensation committee believes, in its discretion and judgment, is consistent with the executive’s contributions to our company and our overall goals with respect to executive compensation. We have not adopted any policies with respect to long-term versus currently-paid compensation, but feel that both elements are necessary for achieving our compensation objectives. Currently-paid compensation provides financial stability for each of our named executive officers and immediate reward for superior company and individual performance, while long-term compensation rewards achievement of strategic long-term objectives and contributes toward overall stockholder value. Similarly, while we have not adopted any policies with respect to cash versus equity compensation, we feel that it is important to encourage or provide for a meaningful amount of equity ownership by our named executive officers to help align their interests with those of our stockholders, one of our compensation objectives.
Base Salary
We believe that a competitive base salary is an important component of compensation as it provides a degree of financial stability for our executive officers and is critical to recruiting and retaining our executives. Base salary is also designed to recognize the scope of responsibilities placed on each executive officer and reward each executive for his unique leadership skills, management experience and contributions. We make a subjective determination of base salary after considering such factors collectively. Our compensation committee has historically reviewed the base salaries of our named executive officers on a periodic basis, as the facts and circumstances may warrant.
As discussed below under “Employment Agreements,” each of our named executive officers entered into an employment agreement with us which established an initial base salary for each officer. In February 2007, we increased the base salaries of each of Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes from $160,500, $160,500, $160,500 and $160,000, respectively, to $176,550, $173,340, $176,550 and $167,840, respectively, to reflect the compensation committee’s subjective review of their overall individual 2006 performances. Similarly, in February 2007, Dr. Ferré’s base salary was increased from $278,200 to $300,000 to reflect the compensation committee’s subjective review of his overall individual 2006 performance. We believe this increase to Dr. Ferré’s base salary was reasonable given our performance during his tenure.
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In February 2008, the compensation committee awarded merit pay increases to each of our named executive officers. Accordingly, the base salary of each of Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz and Frank increased to $225,101 and the base salary of Mr. Nunes increased to $177,910.
Cash Bonuses
Our cash bonus compensation is designed to reward achievement of strategic and financial goals that support our objective of enhancing stockholder value and to motivate executives to achieve superior performance in their areas of responsibility. Historically, each of our named executive officers was compensated under a discretionary cash bonus arrangement based on a subjective evaluation by the compensation committee of the individual’s overall performance.
In April 2007, however, our board of directors adopted the 2007 – 2008 Metrics Scorecard Cash Bonus Plan, pursuant to which our management level employees, including our named executive officers, may be compensated in the form of a cash bonus with respect to performance in 2007 and 2008. The 2007 – 2008 Metrics Scorecard Cash Bonus Plan measures company-wide performance and is designed to encourage teamwork and collaboration among our employees and to reward them for achieving financial and operating goals that are key to the success of our business. Moreover, the board believed that a cash bonus plan that primarily measures achievement of company-wide performance targets is the appropriate mechanism for rewarding and motivating management, including our named executive officers, because each of these executives is responsible for, among other things, strategic, operational and financial objectives that cannot always be measured on an individual basis.
The 2007 – 2008 Metrics Scorecard Cash Bonus Plan provides that upon our achievement of specified measurable performance goals, each management level employee, including our named executive officers, will be paid a cash performance bonus amount. The amount of this bonus will be based on a percentage of the Metrics Scorecard Percentage achieved by the Company. In connection with this determination, there is a minimum and maximum Metrics Scorecard Percentage that governs any potential award.
The Metrics Scorecard Percentage represents the percentage of pre-defined goals that we achieved at the end of 2007, as determined by the compensation committee in its discretion. For 2007, these goals included the following:
launch and support of U.S. clinical sites, including installations of Tactile Guidance Systems™, or TGS,purchase orders for TGS units, achievement of revenue (including deferred revenue) for TGS units uponcustomer acceptance, and number of TGS procedures performed;
development and validation of MAKOplasty® business case model and clinical value, including release ofclinical whitepaper;
continuation of TGS and implant development, including release of version 1.2 of TGS and onlay kneeimplant system, FDA clearance for version 1.2 of TGS, on-going development of version 2.0 of TGS andmodular implants, and securing relationships for new technology;
establishment and maintenance of operational infrastructure for TGS system manufacturing and service;
achievement of 2007 budget;
definition and execution of strategy for financing;
continuation of intellectual property development to expand value; and
continuation of company values and vision.
We established a baseline target and stretch levels for achievement of each of these goals. The determination of whether and to what extent these metrics were achieved during 2007 was made by the compensation committee in its discretion. Following the compensation committee’s review in February 2008 of the contributions made by each named executive officer to our company’s performance during 2007, the committee approved cash bonus awards of $97,500, $57,379, $56,336, $57,379 and $46,366 to be paid immediately to Dr. Ferré and Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes, respectively, pursuant to the cash bonus plan. In accordance with the terms of the cash bonus plan, the dollar amount of each bonus was calculated as a percentage of the named executive officer’s annual base salary.
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The compensation committee in its discretion has determined the performance goals and criteria to govern potential awards for 2008 under the cash bonus plan to be as follows:
installations and customer acceptance of TGS units, achievement of revenue (including deferred revenue)for TGS units;
number of MAKOplasty procedures performed and total MAKOplasty revenue;
market release of TGS version 1.2 and version 1.3 and on-going development of version 2.0;
commercialization and on-going development of MAKO-branded knee implant systems;
submission of peer-reviewed manuscripts for publication to validate the clinical value of MAKOplasty;
development of MAKOplasty Center of Excellence business case;
development of strategic business plan and five-year technology roadmap;
achievement of 2008 budget; and
continuation of company values and vision.
Long-Term Equity Compensation
We grant stock options and restricted stock to our named executive officers, as we believe that such grants further our compensation objectives of aligning the interests of our named executive officers with those of our stockholders, encouraging long-term performance, and providing a simple and easy-to-understand form of equity compensation that promotes executive retention. We view such grants both as incentives for future performance and as compensation for past accomplishments.
We historically have made grants of equity to named executive officers in connection with their initial hire. The number of stock options or restricted stock granted to each named executive officer in connection with his initial hire was determined based upon negotiations with each executive, represented the number necessary to recruit each executive from their then-existing positions and reflected the compensation committee’s subjective evaluation of the executive’s experience and potential for future performance. In addition, we have made additional discretionary grants, from time to time, as recommended by the compensation committee and determined by our board of directors, taking into consideration such factors as individual performance and competitive market conditions. The timing of any such equity grants was determined by the compensation committee’s determination of achievement by the named executive officer and not any effort to time the grants in coordination with changes in our stock price.
We have used stock options and restricted stock, rather than other forms of long-term incentives, because they create value for the executive only if stockholder value is increased through an increased share price. Prior to the completion of our initial public offering in February 2008, all stock option and restricted stock grants were made pursuant to our company’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan and our board of directors determined the exercise price based on internal or third-party valuation reports. Currently, all option grants are made pursuant to our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, and the exercise price of stock options is based on the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date, which is equal to the closing price of our common stock on that date.
Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz and Frank received options for 66,006, 82,508 and 66,006 shares, respectively, in respect of the compensation committee’s subjective review of their overall individual performances in 2006. In each case, half of the stock options were granted in May 2006, and the remaining half was granted in March 2007. All of these stock option awards were “time based,” with the first 25% of the option grant vesting upon the one year anniversary of the grant and the remaining 75% vesting ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining three-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. They generally expire ten years from the date of the grant. We believe that this provides a reasonable time frame to align the executive officer compensation with the interests of stockholders. See the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table included in “Executive Compensation” below for information on the option awards in 2007.
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In March 2007, we issued 82,508 shares of restricted common stock to Dr. Ferré at a purchase price of $2.48 per share in exchange for a promissory note from Dr. Ferré in the principal amount of $205,000. The March 2007 issuance to Dr. Ferré was made based on the compensation committee’s subjective review of his overall individual performance in 2006. See the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table included in the section titled, “Executive Compensation” below for additional information regarding the award of restricted stock in 2007.
As referenced under “Role of Directors, Executive Officers and Compensation Consultants” above, in the third quarter of 2007, the compensation committee retained Radford Surveys and Consulting to conduct a review of pre-IPO equity ownership levels for our senior management, as compared to other pre-IPO medical device and biotechnology companies in later stages of financing. Based on Radford’s analysis of our equity ownership levels for senior management, including the named executive officers, the compensation committee recommended, and the board of directors approved in August 2007, the grant of 247,524 shares of restricted stock to Dr. Ferré, which shares vest ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period, based on his continued service. The compensation committee also recommended, and the board of directors approved, the grant of stock options to purchase 198,019 shares of our common stock to Dr. Ferré, to be made upon closing of our initial public offering. The grant was made in February 2008 at an exercise price of $9.30 per share. The options vest ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period starting at grant. The compensation committee recommended, and the board of directors approved in August 2007, the grant of stock options to each of Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes, to purchase 66,006, 95,148, 66,006, and 33,003 shares, respectively, of our common stock. Each grant of stock options to Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes vests ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period in accordance with the following schedule:
50% began vesting immediately;
25% began vesting in February 2008 upon an evaluation of the individual performance with respect to 2007,which determination was made in the sole discretion of the Chief Executive Officer; and
25% began vesting in February 2008 upon a determination by the compensation committee of a passingscore on the Company’s 2007 Metrics Scorecard.
Our board of directors issued these awards to bring the equity holdings of management to the median of the surveyed companies for retention purposes.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We have not adopted any formal employee equity ownership requirements or guidelines. In 2007, we adopted the 2008 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to encourage equity ownership by all of our employees, which became effective immediately upon completion of our initial public offering in February 2008. We anticipate offering subscriptions for shares of our common stock pursuant to the plan to eligible employees, including our named executive officers, in the future.
Perquisites and Other Benefits
As a general matter, we do not intend to offer perquisites or other benefits to any executive officer, including the named executive officers, with an aggregate value in excess of $10,000, because we believe we can provide better incentives for desired performance with compensation in the forms described above. We recognize that, from time to time, it may be appropriate to provide some perquisites or other benefits in order to attract, motivate and retain our executives, with any such decision to be reviewed and approved by the compensation committee as needed.
On September 5, 2007, our board of directors recognized Dr. Ferré’s performance in leading the establishment of our initial MAKOplasty Centers of Excellence and facilitating the performance of MAKOplasty procedures at those sites through the forgiveness of approximately $1.1 million of outstanding loans, including accrued interest of $113,000, that we made to Dr. Ferré. The board of directors also recognized Mr. Abovitz’s research and development leadership with respect to versions 1.2 and 2.0 of our TGS through the forgiveness of approximately $25,000 of an outstanding loan that we made to Mr. Abovitz. Our board of directors determined that the forgiveness of the loans made by us to Dr. Ferré and Mr. Abovitz were adequate compensation for extraordinary performance and in our best interests. In connection with the forgiveness of the loans, Dr. Ferré surrendered 35,244 shares of common stock to us to pay for the payroll taxes associated with the taxable income from the forgiveness of the loans. Also on September 5, 2007, to partially compensate Dr. Ferré for these surrendered shares, the board of directors granted options to Dr. Ferré to purchase 35,244 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.12.
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CHANGE IN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS
Each of our named executive officers has an employment agreement which provides for severance payment arrangements following specified termination events. Other than Dr. Ferré, none of the named executive officers would automatically be entitled to payments under their employment agreements upon a change in control, unless specific additional events occur, such as a material adverse change in responsibilities. We negotiated severance packages with each of the named executive officers that were based on what the compensation committee believed, in its experience, to be a reasonable, but not overly generous, severance package to each executive and necessary to retain the executive.
The compensation committee does not take into account severance packages in determining the amounts of other elements of compensation, such as base salary, cash bonus, stock option grants and restricted stock grants. See “Executive Compensation—Termination and Change of Control Payments” below for a description of the severance and change in control arrangements for our named executive officers.
EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING AND TAX TREATMENT ON COMPENSATION DECISIONS
In the review and establishment of our compensation programs, we consider the anticipated accounting and tax implications to us and our named executive officers. While we consider the applicable accounting and tax treatment, these factors alone are not dispositive, and we also consider the cash and non-cash impact of the programs and whether a program is consistent with our overall compensation philosophy and objectives.
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code imposes a limit on the amount of compensation that we may deduct in any one year with respect to covered employees, unless specific and detailed criteria are satisfied. Performance-based compensation, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, is fully deductible if the programs are approved by stockholders and meet other requirements. In general, we have determined that we will not seek to limit executive compensation so that all of such compensation is deductible under Section 162(m). However, from time to time, we monitor whether it might be in our interests to structure our compensation programs to satisfy the requirements of Section 162(m). We seek to maintain flexibility in compensating our executives in a manner designed to promote our corporate goals and, as a result, our compensation committee has not adopted a policy requiring all compensation to be deductible. Our compensation committee will continue to assess the impact of Section 162(m) on our compensation practices and determine what further action, if any, is appropriate.
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COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The compensation committee has reviewed and discussed the above Compensation Discussion and Analysis with our management and, based on such review and discussion, has recommended to our board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
| MAKO Surgical Corp. |
| COMPENSATION COMMITTEE |
| |
| |
| S. Morry Blumenfeld, Ph.D., Chairman |
| Gerald A. Brunk |
| Marcelo G. Chao |
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth the compensation paid in 2007 and 2006 to our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and each of the three other most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers on December 31, 2007. These five individuals are sometimes referred to collectively as the “named executive officers.”
2007 and 2006 Summary Compensation Table
| | | | | | | | | | | | Non-Equity | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Incentive Plan | | | | |
Name and | | | | | | | | | Stock | | Option | | Compensation | | All Other | | |
Principal Position | | | Year | | Salary ($) | | Bonus ($)(1) | | Awards ($)(2) | | Awards ($)(2) | | ($)(3) | | Compensation ($) | | Total ($) |
Maurice R. Ferré, M.D. | | 2007 | | $299,058 | | | | — | | | $ | 379,589 | | $ | 18,339 | | $ | 97,500 | | $ | 1,149,320 | (4) | | $ | 1,943,806 |
President, Chief | | 2006 | | $274,000 | | | $ | 200,000 | | | $ | 73,112 | | | — | | | | | | — | | | $ | 547,112 |
Executive Officer and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Chairman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fritz L. LaPorte | | 2007 | | $175,686 | | | | — | | | | — | | $ | 48,394 | | $ | 57,379 | | | — | | | $ | 281,459 |
Senior Vice President | | 2006 | | $159,692 | | | $ | 48,150 | | | | — | | $ | 9,118 | | | | | | — | | | $ | 216,960 |
of Finance and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Administration, Chief | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Officer and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Treasurer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rony A. Abovitz | | 2007 | | $172,772 | | | | — | | | | — | | $ | 76,263 | | $ | 56,336 | | $ | 26,815 | (5) | | $ | 332,186 |
Senior Vice President | | 2006 | | $159,692 | | | $ | 48,150 | | | | — | | $ | 21,930 | | | | | | — | | | $ | 229,772 |
and Chief Technology | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Officer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Menashe R. Frank | | 2007 | | $175,686 | | | | — | | | | — | | $ | 46,035 | | $ | 57,379 | | $ | — | | | $ | 279,100 |
Senior Vice President, | | 2006 | | $159,692 | | | $ | 48,150 | | | | — | | $ | 6,759 | | | | | | — | | | $ | 214,601 |
General Counsel and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Secretary | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Steven J. Nunes | | 2007 | | $167,731 | | | | — | | | | — | | $ | 24,994 | | $ | 46,366 | | | — | | | $ | 239,091 |
Senior Vice President | | 2006 | | $101,539 | (6) | | $ | 15,123 | (6) | | | — | | $ | 4,190 | | | | | $ | 26,319 | (7) | | $ | 147,171 |
of Sales and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marketing | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
____________________
(1) | | Amounts represent discretionary cash bonus payments made to each named executive officer in respect of his performance in 2006, as determined by the compensation committee. All payments were made in the first quarter of 2007. |
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(2) | | Amounts represent the compensation expense recognized by the Company during 2006 and 2007, respectively, as computed in accordance with FAS 123(R), disregarding any estimated forfeitures relating to service-based vesting conditions. For a discussion of the assumptions made in the valuation of these awards, see Note 8 to Financial Statements in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. |
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(3) | | Amounts represent cash bonus payments made in February 2008 pursuant to the 2007-2008 Metrics Scorecard Cash Bonus Plan. |
|
(4) | | On September 5, 2007, our board of directors forgave approximately $1,149,320 of outstanding loans, including accrued interest, that we made to Dr. Ferré. See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Long Term Equity Compensation” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Perquisites and Other Benefits” above for more information regarding forgiveness of these employee loans. |
|
(5) | | On September 5, 2007, our board of directors forgave approximately $25,000 of outstanding loans that we made to Mr. Abovitz. See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Perquisites and Other Benefits” above for more information regarding forgiveness of this employee loan. |
|
(6) | | Mr. Nunes joined our company in May 2006. |
|
24
(7) | | As part of our employment agreement with Mr. Nunes, and to encourage Mr. Nunes to relocate to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in May 2006, we agreed to provide Mr. Nunes with a relocation bonus of $15,000 to cover the costs of temporary housing and travel expenses during the initial six-month relocation period. In addition, we reimbursed Mr. Nunes for his relocation expenses of $11,319. |
2007 GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS
The following table sets forth information with respect to grants of plan-based awards during 2007 to the named executive officers:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | All Other | | All Other | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Stock | | Option | | | | | Grant |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Awards: | | Awards: | | Exercise | | Date Fair |
| | | | Estimated Future Payouts | | Number of | | Number of | | or Base | | Value of |
| | | | Under Non-Equity Incentive | | Shares of | | Securities | | Price of | | Stock |
| | | | Plan Awards(1) | | Stock or | | Underlying | | Option | | and |
| | | | Threshold | | Target | | Maximum | | Units | | Options | | Awards | | Option |
Name | | | Grant Date | | ($) | | ($) | | ($) | | (#) | | (#) | | ($/Sh)(2) | | Awards(3) |
Maurice R. Ferré, M.D. | | March 26, 2007 | | $ | 60,000 | | $ | 75,000 | | $ | 180,000 | | 82,508 | (4) | | — | | | $ | 2.48 | | $ | 107,547 |
| | August 24, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | 247,524 | (5) | | — | | | $ | 11.12 | | $ | 2,752,467 |
| | September 5, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | 35,244 | (6) | | $ | 11.12 | | $ | 228,851 |
Fritz L. LaPorte | | March 26, 2007 | | | 35,310 | | | 44,138 | | | 105,930 | | — | | | 33,003 | (7) | | $ | 2.48 | | $ | 48,700 |
| | August 24, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | 66,006 | (8) | | $ | 11.12 | | $ | 321,444 |
Rony A. Abovitz | | March 26, 2007 | | | 34,668 | | | 43,335 | | | 104,004 | | — | | | 41,254 | (7) | | $ | 2.48 | | $ | 60,875 |
| | August 24, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | 95,148 | (8) | | $ | 11.12 | | $ | 463,361 |
Menashe R. Frank | | March 26, 2007 | | | 35,310 | | | 44,138 | | | 105,930 | | — | | | 33,003 | (7) | | $ | 2.48 | | $ | 48,700 |
| | August 24, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | 66,006 | (8) | | $ | 11.12 | | $ | 321,444 |
Steven J. Nunes | | March 26, 2007 | | | 33,568 | | | 41,960 | | | 100,704 | | — | | | 16,501 | (7) | | $ | 2.48 | | $ | 24,350 |
| | August 24, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | 33,003 | (8) | | $ | 11.12 | | $ | 160,722 |
____________________
(1) | | Represents the threshold, target and maximum amounts that could be earned by each named executive officer pursuant to our 2007—2008 Metrics Scorecard Cash Bonus Plan. |
|
(2) | | Equals the estimated fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. |
|
(3) | | Represents the grant date fair value of the awards calculated in accordance with FAS 123(R). |
|
(4) | | Restricted common stock, with 25% vested on the date of grant and the remaining 75% vesting ratably on a monthly basis over a four-year period. |
|
(5) | | Restricted common stock, vesting ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period. |
|
(6) | | Vesting ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period. |
|
(7) | | The first 25% of this option vests upon the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 75% vests ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining three years. |
|
(8) | | The first 50% of this option vests ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period upon grant and the remaining 50% vests ratably on a quarterly basis over a four-year period upon and subject to satisfactory 2007 performance evaluations, which were achieved. |
25
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
On September 19, 2007, we entered into a new employment agreement with Dr. Ferré, which was subsequently amended and restated on November 12, 2007 to permit Dr. Ferré to serve on the board of directors of Z-KAT if approved by a majority of our disinterested directors. The employment agreement expires on December 31, 2010, subject to automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless either party gives 120 days notice of its intention not to renew the agreement. Under the employment agreement, Dr. Ferré is entitled to an initial base salary of $300,000 and an opportunity to earn a performance bonus with a target of 50% of his base salary, which performance bonus may be higher or lower based on the attainment of performance criteria that we establish. For a description of severance arrangements, see “Termination and Change of Control Payments” below.
We entered into employment agreements, effective January 2005, with each of Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz and Frank. Each of these agreements was amended and restated on February 5, 2007 to provide for a term of three years from the effective date of the original agreement. In May 2006, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Nunes for a term of two years. Each of these agreements provides for automatic renewal for successive one-year terms. These employment agreements provided for an initial negotiated base salary of $150,000 for each of Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz and Frank and $160,000 for Mr. Nunes. See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Base Salary” above for current base salaries. Pursuant to these employment agreements, each of Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz and Frank received options for 24,752, 82,508 and 13,201 shares, respectively, of our common stock upon closing of the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock financing in July 2005. Mr. Nunes received options for 49,504 shares pursuant to this employment agreement, 16,501 shares of which were granted in 2007. As part of our package to recruit Mr. Nunes to relocate to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in May 2006, we agreed to provide Mr. Nunes with a relocation bonus of $15,000 to cover the costs of temporary housing, together with travel expenses during the initial six-month relocation period, and reimbursement for moving expenses. In the event that Mr. Nunes’ employment had been terminated for any reason during the first 24 months following his employment, other than by us for cause or by Mr. Nunes for other than good reason, Mr. Nunes was required to repay a prorated share of the relocation bonus. Each executive is also eligible to participate in various benefits programs that are available to our employees generally. In addition, each of the employment agreements provides for certain payments to be made to Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes upon termination of employment. For a description of these terms, including an estimation of the payments to be made, see “Termination and Change of Control Payments” below.
26
2007 OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END
The following table sets forth information with respect to outstanding equity awards of the named executive officers as of December 31, 2007:
| | | | Stock Awards |
| | | | Number of | | |
| | Option Awards | | Shares or | | Market Value of |
| | Number of Securities | | Option | | | | Units of Stock | | Shares or Units of |
| | Underlying Unexercised | | Exercise | | Option | | That Have Not | | Stock That Have |
| | Options (#) | | Price | | Expiration | | Vested | | Not Vested |
Name | | | Exercisable | | Unexercisable | | ($) | | Date | | (#) | | ($) |
Maurice R. Ferré | | — | | | — | | | | — | | — | | 107,997 | (1) | | $ | 1,619,950 | (1) |
| | — | | | — | | | | — | | — | | 37,386 | (2) | | $ | 560,790 | (2) |
| | — | | | — | | | | — | | — | | 50,278 | (3) | | $ | 754,170 | (3) |
| | — | | | — | | | | — | | — | | 232,054 | (4) | | $ | 3,480,810 | (4) |
| | 2,202 | (5) | | 33,042 | (5) | | $ | 11.12 | | 9/04/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
Fritz L. LaPorte | | 69,867 | (6) | | 0 | (6) | | $ | 0.67 | | 12/15/2014 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 14,954 | (7) | | 9,798 | (7) | | $ | 1.27 | | 7/17/2015 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 13,063 | (8) | | 19,940 | (8) | | $ | 1.27 | | 5/21/2016 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 0 | (9) | | 33,003 | (9) | | $ | 2.48 | | 3/25/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 2,062 | (10) | | 63,944 | (10) | | $ | 11.12 | | 8/23/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
Rony A. Abovitz | | 69,867 | (11) | | 0 | (11) | | $ | 0.67 | | 12/15/2014 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 49,848 | (12) | | 32,660 | (12) | | $ | 1.27 | | 7/17/2015 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 16,329 | (13) | | 24,925 | (13) | | $ | 1.27 | | 5/21/2016 | | | | | | | |
| | 0 | (14) | | 41,254 | (14) | | $ | 2.48 | | 3/25/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 2,973 | (15) | | 92,175 | (15) | | $ | 11.12 | | 8/23/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
Menashe R. Frank | | 34,933 | (16) | | 0 | (16) | | $ | 0.67 | | 12/15/2014 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 7,975 | (17) | | 5,226 | (17) | | $ | 1.27 | | 7/17/2015 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 13,063 | (18) | | 19,940 | (18) | | $ | 1.27 | | 5/21/2016 | | | | | | | |
| | 0 | (19) | | 33,003 | (19) | | $ | 2.48 | | 3/25/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 2,062 | (20) | | 63,944 | (20) | | $ | 11.12 | | 8/23/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
Steven J. Nunes | | 13,063 | (21) | | 19,940 | (21) | | $ | 1.27 | | 5/14/2016 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 0 | (22) | | 16,501 | (22) | | $ | 2.48 | | 3/25/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
| | 1,031 | (23) | | 31,972 | (23) | | $ | 11.12 | | 8/23/2017 | | — | | | | — | |
____________________
(1) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this restricted stock is as follows: (i) 90,944 shares vested on 7/14/2005; and (ii) 272,834 shares vest ratably over a 48 month period beginning 7/13/06 through 6/13/09. |
|
(2) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this restricted stock is as follows: (i) 20,627 shares vested on 5/22/06; and (ii) 61,881 shares vest ratably over a 48 month period beginning 5/21/07 through 4/21/10. |
|
(3) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this restricted stock is as follows: (i) 20,627 shares vested on 3/26/07; and (ii) 61,881 shares vest ratably over a 48 month period beginning 3/25/08 through 2/24/11. |
|
(4) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this restricted stock is as follows: ratably on a quarterly basis over 4 years beginning 8/24/07 through 7/22/11. |
|
(5) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 2,202 shares vested on 12/4/07; and (ii) 33,042 shares vest ratably quarterly over the remaining period beginning 12/5/07 through 9/04/11. |
|
(6) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 69,867 shares vested on 12/16/2004. |
|
(7) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 6,188 shares vested on 7/15/06; and (ii) 18,564 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 8/15/06 through 7/15/09. |
|
(8) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 8,251 shares vest on 5/21/2007; and (ii) 24,752 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 6/21/07 through 5/21/10. |
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(9) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 8,251 shares vest on 3/25/2008; and (ii) 24,752 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 3/26/08 through 2/25/11. |
|
(10) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 33,003 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years beginning on 8/24/07; and (ii) 33,003 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years subject to a satisfactory 2007 performance evaluation, which was achieved. |
|
(11) | | All 69,867 shares vested on 12/16/2004. |
|
(12) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 20,627 shares vested on 7/15/06; and (ii) 61,881 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 8/15/06 through 7/15/09. |
|
(13) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 10,313 shares vest on 5/21/2007; and (ii) 30,941 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 6/21/07 through 5/21/10. |
|
(14) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 10,313 shares vest on 3/25/2008; and (ii) 30,941 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 3/26/08 through 2/25/11. |
|
(15) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 47,574 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years beginning on 8/24/07; and (ii) 47,574 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years subject to a satisfactory 2007 performance evaluation, which was achieved. |
|
(16) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 34,933 shares vested on 12/16/2004. |
|
(17) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 3,300 shares vested on 7/15/06; and (ii) 9,901 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 8/15/06 through 7/15/09. |
|
(18) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 8,251 shares vest on 5/21/2007; and (ii) 24,752 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 6/21/07 through 5/21/10. |
|
(19) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 8,251 shares vest on 3/25/2008; and (ii) 24,752 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 3/26/08 through 2/25/11. |
|
(20) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 33,003 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years beginning on 8/24/07; and (ii) 33,003 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years subject to a satisfactory 2007 performance evaluation, which was achieved. |
|
(21) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 8,251 shares vest on 5/14/2007; and (ii) 24,752 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 6/14/07 through 5/14/10. |
|
(22) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 4,125 shares vest on 3/25/2008; and (ii) 12,376 shares vest ratably monthly over a 36 month period beginning 3/26/08 through 2/25/11. |
|
(23) | | The vesting of the shares subject to this stock option is as follows: (i) 16,501 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years beginning on 8/24/07; and (ii) 16,502 shares vest ratably quarterly over four years subject to a satisfactory 2007 performance evaluation, which was achieved. |
28
2007 OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED
No options were exercised by any of the named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2007. The following table sets forth information with respect to stock vested during 2007:
| | Stock Awards |
| | Number of | | |
| | Shares | | Value |
| | Acquired on | | Realized on |
Name | | | Vesting (#) | | Vesting ($)(1) |
Maurice R. Ferré, M.D. | | 131,379 | | $ | 1,055,982 |
Fritz L. LaPorte | | — | | | — |
Rony A. Abovitz | | — | | | — |
Menashe R. Frank | | — | | | — |
Steven J. Nunes | | — | | | — |
____________________
(1) | | Value realized on vesting is determined by multiplying the number of vested shares by the price of our common stock on the vesting date. This amount is not intended to represent the value, if any, that is actually realized by the individual. |
TERMINATION AND CHANGE OF CONTROL PAYMENTS
Dr. Ferré
The employment agreement for Dr. Ferré provides for the payment of severance benefits if Dr. Ferré is terminated without “cause” or if Dr. Ferré resigns for “good reason.” Upon such a termination, Dr. Ferré will be entitled to receive all accrued but unpaid compensation, reimbursement of any outstanding reasonable business expenses, one times the sum of Dr. Ferré’s annual salary and cash bonuses received by him during the preceding completed fiscal years and accelerated vesting of equity awards that vest based on the passage of time; provided that if the termination occurs in anticipation of a change of control of our company or within two years thereafter, the applicable multiplier will be two instead of one, payment of a prorated bonus for the year of termination, and assuming attainment of target performance goals, accelerated vesting of all equity awards that vest based on the attainment of performance goals at the greater of target levels or actual performance at the date of termination. Dr. Ferré is also entitled to a gross-up payment to the extent any payments payable to him in connection with a change of control become subject to an excise tax pursuant to sections 4999 and 280G of the Internal Revenue Code. The vesting of all equity that vests based on the passage of time will accelerate in the event of a change of control. In addition, all equity awards that vest based on the passage of time vest in the event of a termination of employment due to death or disability.
Under Dr. Ferré’s employment agreement, “good reason” includes any of the following, in each case to the extent not corrected by us following 30 days’ notice from Dr. Ferré:
- the assignment of duties materially inconsistent with Dr. Ferré’s position and status or a materially adversechange in the nature of Dr. Ferré’s duties, responsibilities and authorities from those described in hisagreement;
- a material reduction in Dr. Ferré’s annual salary or the setting of his annual target incentive opportunity inamounts materially less than those specified in his agreement;
- relocation of Dr. Ferré’s principal work location more than 25 miles from our current headquarters;
- failure to elect or reelect Dr. Ferré to our board of directors or his removal from the board other than forcause;
- our failure to obtain an agreement from any successor to us to assume the agreement; or
- any other failure by us to perform any material obligation or provision of the agreement.
29
Under Dr. Ferré’s employment agreement, “cause” includes any of the following, provided that the executive has been provided a copy of the resolution adopted by at least three-quarters of the independent members of our board of directors at a meeting of the board (after reasonable notice to the executive and an opportunity for the executive, together with the executive’s counsel, to be heard before the board) finding that the executive was guilty of the specified conduct:
- conviction for commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude;
- willful commission of any act of theft, fraud, embezzlement or misappropriation against us; or
- willful and continued failure to perform duties, which failure is not remedied within 30 days after weprovide notice.
Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes
The employment agreements for Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes provide for the payment of severance benefits to the executive if we terminate the executive’s employment without “cause” or if the executive resigns for “good reason.” Upon such a termination, the executive will be entitled to receive all accrued but unpaid compensation, reimbursement of any outstanding reasonable business expenses, an amount equal to six months, or nine months in the case of Mr. Abovitz, of the executive’s annual base salary at the rate then in effect, and the costs of continuation of health benefits for six months, or nine months in the case of Mr. Abovitz.
Under these employment agreements, “good reason” includes:
- a material adverse change of the executive’s job responsibilities;
- a breach by us with respect to our compensation obligations under the employment agreement, which hasnot been cured within 30 days after the executive provides written notice or our notice of non-renewal;
- a decrease in executive’s base salary not equally applied (on a percentage basis) to all employees subject toan employment agreement with us; or
- relocation of our headquarters to a location more than 100 miles from the location at the time the employmentagreement was first executed.
We have the right to terminate Messrs. LaPorte, Abovitz, Frank and Nunes for cause if such termination is approved by not less than two-thirds of our board of directors, provided the executive is given at least five days advance notice of such meeting and is given the opportunity to speak at such meeting. If we terminate the employment of any of these executives for cause or if the executive terminates his employment without good reason, the executive will be entitled to receive only accrued but unpaid compensation and reimbursement of any outstanding reasonable business expenses. Termination for cause may include termination as a result of any act or failure to act on the part of the executive that constitutes:
- the willful, knowing or grossly negligent failure or refusal of the executive to perform his duties under theemployment agreement or to follow the reasonable directions of the Chief Executive Officer which hascontinued for 30 days following written notice of such failure or refusal from the board;
- a breach by the executive of any fiduciary duty to us or any of our subsidiaries for which the executive isrequired to perform services under the employment agreement;
- material and willful misfeasance or malfeasance by the executive in connection with the performance of hisduties under the employment agreement;
- the executive’s commission of an act which is a fraud or embezzlement;
- the conviction of the executive for, or a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, to a criminal act that is a felony;
- a material breach or default by the executive of any provision of the employment agreement that hascontinued for 30 days following notice of breach or default from the board;
- the executive’s willful and material breach or violation of any law, rule or regulation (other than trafficviolations or similar offenses);
- abuse of drugs or alcohol to our detriment; or
- not maintaining his primary residence in the South Florida region.
30
Each employment agreement includes customary non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions applicable to the executive for a period of 12 months after the termination of the executive’s employment, as well as customary confidentiality provisions. In addition, each of these employment agreements provides that all confidential information that the executive has access to, uses or creates during his employment and all intellectual property resulting from work done by him on our behalf is our property. In the event the employment agreement is not renewed at the end of its three-year term, we have the option of paying a severance payment equal to six months, or nine months in the case of Mr. Abovitz, of base salary payable in monthly installments, or waiving our rights to enforce the non-competition covenants.
ACCELERATION OF EQUITY
Pursuant to the terms of restricted stock and option award agreements we have entered into with our named executive officers, no additional shares of common stock subject to any outstanding restricted stock and option awards will vest after termination of or by the executive for any reason. If the executive is terminated for cause, the executive will forfeit all rights to his options and the option will expire immediately. For all other terminations, other than death or disability, options expire on the ninetieth day after the termination date. Upon death or disability, options expire twelve months after the date of death or the date of termination resulting from disability.
In the event of a change of control, if the successor entity does not assume, continue or substitute for outstanding options and restricted stock, all outstanding shares of our restricted common stock will vest, and either (i) all options will become immediately exercisable or (ii) the board will elect to cancel any outstanding grants of options or restricted stock and pay an amount in cash or securities. In addition, pursuant to the terms of Dr. Ferré’s employment agreement, in the event of a change of control, any unvested equity awards that vest on the passage of time would vest. As described above, unvested equity awards that vest on the passage of time held by Dr. Ferré vest upon his termination without cause, his termination for good reason, his termination due to death and his termination due to disability.
Assuming a December 31, 2007 termination event, the aggregate severance and change of control payments to the named executive officers are estimated to be as follows:
| | Severance | | Change of |
Named Executive Officer | | | Payment | | Control Payment |
Maurice R. Ferré, M.D. | | $ | 450,000 | (1) | | | $900,000 | (2) |
Fritz L. LaPorte | | $ | 88,275 | (3) | | | — | |
Rony A. Abovitz | | $ | 130,005 | (4) | | | — | |
Menashe R. Frank | | $ | 88,275 | (3) | | | — | |
Steven J. Nunes | | $ | 83,920 | (3) | | | — | |
____________________
(1) | | Represents base salary, as of December 31, 2007, and the average amount of cash bonus received by Dr. Ferré in 2005 and 2006. |
|
(2) | | If Dr. Ferré had been terminated as of December 31, 2007 in anticipation of a change of control of the Company or within two years thereafter, Dr. Ferré would be entitled to a payment of $900,000, which represents two times the severance payment described in footnote (1) above. This change of control payment would be made in lieu of a severance payment. Dr. Ferré would also be entitled to a gross-up payment if any payments payable to him in connection with a change of control were subject to an excise tax pursuant to sections 4999 and 280G of the Internal Revenue Code. Because the change of control payment of $900,000, assuming a December 31, 2007 termination event, would not be subject to an excise tax pursuant to sections 4999 and 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, we would not be required to make any tax gross-up payments pursuant to the terms of our employment agreement with Dr. Ferré. Therefore, the table above does not reflect any tax gross-up payments. |
|
(3) | | Represents the continuation of base salary, as of December 31, 2007 for a period of six months. No additional severance payments would be payable upon or in connection with a change in control. |
|
(4) | | Represents the continuation of base salary, as of December 31, 2007 for a period of nine months. No additional severance payments would be payable upon or in connection with a change in control. |
31
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
Our audit committee is composed of “independent” directors, as determined in accordance with Rule 4200(a) (15) of The NASDAQ Stock Market’s regulations and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. The audit committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by our board of directors, a copy of which is available on the Investor Relations page of our website atwww.makosurgical.com.
As described more fully in its charter, the purpose of our audit committee is to assist the board of directors with its oversight responsibilities regarding the integrity of our company’s financial statements, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and assessing the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence and performance. Management is responsible for preparation, presentation and integrity of our financial statements as well as our financial reporting process, accounting policies, internal accounting controls and disclosure controls and procedures. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for performing an independent audit of our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and to issue a report thereon. The audit committee’s responsibility is to monitor and oversee these processes.
The audit committee has:
reviewed and discussed our audited financial statements with management and Ernst & Young LLP, ourindependent registered public accounting firm;
discussed with Ernst & Young LLP the matters required to be discussed by Statement on Auditing StandardsNo. 61,Communications with Audit Committees, as may be modified or supplemented; and
received from Ernst & Young LLP the written disclosures and the letter regarding their independenceas required by Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1,Independence Discussions with AuditCommittees, as may be modified or supplemented, and discussed the auditors’ independence with them.
In addition, the Audit Committee has met separately with management and with Ernst & Young LLP.
Based on the review and discussions referred to above, our audit committee recommended to the board of directors that the audited financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
| MAKO Surgical Corp. |
| AUDIT COMMITTEE |
| |
| |
| Gerald A. Brunk, Chairman |
| Marcelo G. Chao |
| Charles W. Federico |
The foregoing audit committee report shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under these acts, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filings.
32
RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP
AS INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Our audit committee has appointed Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2008, and our board of directors has directed management to submit the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP for ratification by the stockholders at the annual meeting.
Ernst & Young LLP has audited our financial statements since our inception in 2004. Representatives of Ernst & Young LLP will be present at the annual meeting, will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so and will be available to respond to questions from stockholders.
Stockholder ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm is not required by our bylaws or otherwise. Our board of directors is seeking such ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If the stockholders fail to ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm, our audit committee will consider whether to retain that firm for 2008.
A majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the annual meeting is required for ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2008.
Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2008. Shares of common stock represented by executed, but unmarked, proxies will be voted “FOR” such ratification.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Our auditors for the year ended December 31, 2007 were Ernst & Young LLP. We expect that Ernst & Young LLP will serve as our auditors for fiscal year 2008.
| 2007 | | 2006 |
Audit fees(1) | $ | 1,037,000 | | $ | 300,000 |
Audit-related fees | | — | | | — |
Tax fees | | — | | | — |
All other fees(2) | | 2,000 | | | — |
Total fees | $ | 1,039,000 | | $ | 300,000 |
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(1) | | Represents fees for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and reviews of the interim financial statements. Included in the audit fees for 2007 are fees totaling $837,000 incurred in connection with our initial public offering. Included in the audit fees for 2006 are fees for the audit of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the period from November 12, 2004 through December 31, 2004, and of the financial statements of our predecessor, Z-KAT, Inc., for the period from January 1, 2004 through November 11, 2004. |
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(2) | | Represents subscription fees for the EY Online web-based research service. |
PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The audit committee has established a pre-approval policy that provides for the pre-approval of audit, audit-related, tax and other services specifically described by the committee on an annual basis. Unless a type of service is pre-approved under the policy, it will require separate pre-approval by the committee if it is to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. The policy authorizes the committee to delegate to one or more of its members pre-approval authority with respect to permitted services.
All audit and other fees for services set forth in the table above were pre-approved by our audit committee, which concluded that the provision of such services by Ernst & Young LLP was compatible with the maintenance of that firm’s independence in the conduct of its auditing functions.
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OTHER MATTERS
Our board of directors knows of no other matters to be presented at the annual meeting other than those mentioned in this proxy statement. If any other matters are properly brought before the annual meeting, it is intended that the proxies will be voted in accordance with the best judgment of the person or persons voting the proxies.
| By Order of the Board of Directors, |
| MAKO Surgical Corp. |
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| MENASHE R. FRANK |
| Secretary |
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
April 29, 2008
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MAKO SURGICAL CORP. BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON BNY MELLON SHAREOWNER SERVICES P.O. BOX 358015 PITTSBURGH, PA 15252-8015 |
VOTE BY INTERNET -www.proxyvote.com |
Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. |
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ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE STOCKHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS |
If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by MAKO Surgical Corp. in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access stockholder communications electronically in future years. |
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VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 |
Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions. |
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VOTE BY MAIL |
Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to MAKO Surgical Corp., c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. |
TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: | MAKOS1 | | KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS |
| DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY |
THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED. |
MAKO SURGICAL CORP. |
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| THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE "FOR" ITEMS 1 AND 2. | |
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| Vote on Directors |
| 1. | ELECTION OF DIRECTORS |
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| | Nominees: |
| | 01) | S. Morry Blumenfeld, Ph.D. |
| | 02) | William D. Pruitt | | | |
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For All | Withhold All | For All Except | | To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below. | | | |
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| Vote on Proposal | | For | Against | Abstain |
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| 2. | Proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for 2008. | | o | o | o |
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| 3. | In the discretion of the persons named in this proxy, to consider and act upon any other business properly brought before the annual meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. | | | | |
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| The shares represented by this proxy when properly executed will be voted in the manner directed herein by the undersigned Stockholder(s). If no direction is made, this proxy will be voted FOR items 1 and 2.If any other matters properly come before the meeting, the persons named in this proxy will vote in their discretion. | | | | |
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| For address changes and/or comments, please check this box and write them on the back where indicated. | o | |
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| Please indicate if you plan to attend this meeting. | o | o | | |
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| | Yes | No | | |
| (NOTE: Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. All holders must sign. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. If a corporation, please sign in full corporate name, by authorized officer. If a partnership, please sign in partnership name by authorized person.) | | |
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| Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] | Date | | | Signature (Joint Owners) | Date | |
MAKO SURGICAL CORP.
THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
2008 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
June 3, 2008 The stockholder(s) hereby appoint(s) Menashe R. Frank and Fritz L. LaPorte, or either of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his substitute, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot, all of the shares of Common Stock of MAKO Surgical Corp. that the stockholder(s) is/are entitled to vote at the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on June 3, 2008, at the company's headquarters, 2555 Davie Road, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33317, and any adjournment or postponement thereof. THIS PROXY, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED AS DIRECTED BY THE STOCKHOLDER(S). IF NO SUCH DIRECTIONS ARE MADE, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED FOR THE ELECTION OF THE NOMINEES LISTED ON THE REVERSE SIDE FOR THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND FOR PROPOSAL 2. PLEASE MARK, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THIS PROXY CARD PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED REPLY ENVELOPE. Address Changes/Comments: | |
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(If you noted any Address Changes/Comments above, please mark corresponding box on the reverse side.)
CONTINUED AND TO BE SIGNED ON REVERSE SIDE