MidWestOne Financial (MOFG) 10-Q 2020 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to             

Commission file number 001-35968

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Iowa	42-1206172
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, IA 52240	(319) 356-5800
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)	(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1.00 par value	MOFG	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    x  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     ☐  Yes    x  No

As of May 6, 2020, there were 16,089,782 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Form 10-Q Quarterly Report

Table of Contents

		Page No.
PART I
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	58
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	61
Part II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	62
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	62
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	63
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	63
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	63
Item 5.	Other Information	63
Item 6.	Exhibits	64
	Signatures	65

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms

As used in this report, references to "MidWestOne", "we", "our", "us", the "Company", and similar terms refer to the consolidated entity consisting of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. MidWestOne Bank or the "Bank" refers to MidWestOne's bank subsidiary.

The acronyms, abbreviations, and terms listed below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including "Item 1. Financial Statements" and "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

AFS	Available for Sale	FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
ALLL	Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses	FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank
ACL	Allowance for Credit Losses	FHLBDM	Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines
AOCI	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	FHLBC	Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification	FHLMC	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
ASU	Accounting Standards Update	FRB	Federal Reserve Board
ABTW	American Bank and Trust-Wisconsin of Cuba City, Wisconsin	FNMA	Federal National Mortgage Association
ATM	Automated Teller Machine	GAAP	U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
ATSB	American Trust & Savings Bank of Dubuque, Iowa	GNMA	Government National Mortgage Association
Basel III Rules	A comprehensive capital framework and rules for U.S. banking organizations approved by the FRB and the FDIC in 2013	GLBA	Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
BHCA	Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended	HTM	Held to Maturity
BOLI	Bank Owned Life Insurance	ICS	Insured Cash Sweep
CDARS	Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service	LIBOR	The London Inter-bank Offered Rate is an interest-rate average calculated from estimates submitted by the leading banks in London
CECL	Current Expected Credit Loss	MBS	Mortgage-Backed Securities
CMO	Collateralized Mortgage Obligations	OTTI	Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
COVID-19	Coronavirus Disease 2019	PCD	Purchased Financial Assets with Credit Deterioration
CRA	Community Reinvestment Act	PCI	Purchased Credit Impaired
CRE	Commercial Real Estate	RRE	Residential Real Estate
DCF	Discounted cash flows	ROU	Right-of-Use
Dodd-Frank Act	Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act	RPA	Credit Risk Participation Agreement
ECL	Expected Credit Losses	SEC	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
EVE	Economic Value of Equity	TDR	Troubled Debt Restructuring
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board

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Item 1.   Financial Statements.

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	60,396	$	67,174
Interest earning deposits in banks	58,319		6,112
Federal funds sold	6,830		198
Total cash and cash equivalents	125,545		73,484
Debt securities available for sale at fair value	881,859		785,977
Loans held for sale	9,483		5,400
Gross loans held for investment	3,440,907		3,469,236
Unearned income, net	(15,145)		(17,970)
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	3,425,762		3,451,266
Allowance for credit losses	(51,187)		(29,079)
Total loans held for investment, net	3,374,575		3,422,187
Premises and equipment, net	89,860		90,723
Goodwill	93,977		91,918
Other intangible assets, net	30,190		32,218
Foreclosed assets, net	968		3,706
Other assets	157,452		147,960
Total assets	$	4,763,909	$	4,653,573
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	637,127	$	662,209
Interest bearing deposits	3,222,717		3,066,446
Total deposits	3,859,844		3,728,655
Short-term borrowings	129,489		139,349
Long-term debt	209,874		231,660
Other liabilities	64,138		44,927
Total liabilities	4,263,345		4,144,591
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $1.00 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued shares of 16,581,017 and 16,581,017; outstanding shares of 16,089,782 and 16,162,176	16,581		16,581
Additional paid-in capital	299,412		297,390
Retained earnings	190,212		201,105
Treasury stock at cost, 491,235 and 418,841	(12,518)		(10,466)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	6,877		4,372
Total shareholders' equity	500,564		508,982
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	4,763,909	$	4,653,573

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020		2019
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	42,012	$	29,035
Taxable investment securities	3,717		2,927
Tax-exempt investment securities	1,512		1,406
Other	164		20
Total interest income	47,405		33,388
Interest expense
Deposits	7,949		5,695
Short-term borrowings	334		457
Long-term debt	1,716		1,260
Total interest expense	9,999		7,412
Net interest income	37,406		25,976
Credit loss expense	21,733		1,594
Net interest income after credit loss expense	15,673		24,382
Noninterest income
Investment services and trust activities	2,536		1,390
Service charges and fees	1,826		1,442
Card revenue	1,365		998
Loan revenue	1,123		393
Bank-owned life insurance	520		392
Insurance commissions	—		420
Investment securities gains, net	42		17
Other	2,743		358
Total noninterest income	10,155		5,410
Noninterest expense
Compensation and employee benefits	16,617		12,579
Occupancy expense of premises, net	2,341		1,879
Equipment	1,880		1,371
Legal and professional	1,535		965
Data processing	1,354		845
Marketing	1,062		606
Amortization of intangibles	2,028		452
FDIC insurance	448		370
Communications	457		342
Foreclosed assets, net	138		58
Other	2,141		1,150
Total noninterest expense	30,001		20,617
(Loss) income before income tax (benefit) expense	(4,173)		9,175
Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,198)		1,890
Net (loss) income	$	(1,975)	$	7,285
Per common share information
Earnings (loss) - basic	$	(0.12)	$	0.60
Earnings (loss) - diluted	$	(0.12)	$	0.60
Dividends paid	$	0.2200	$	0.2025

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Net (loss) income	$	(1,975)	$	7,285
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain from debt securities available for sale:
Unrealized net holding gains on debt securities available for sale arising during the period	4,325		4,128
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income	(42)		(17)
Income tax expense	(1,118)		(1,073)
Unrealized net gains on debt securities available for sale, net of reclassification adjustment	3,165		3,038
Unrealized loss from cash flow hedging instruments:
Unrealized net holding loss in cash flow hedging instruments arising during the period	(888)		—
Reclassification adjustment for net gain in cash flow hedging instruments included in income	(5)		—
Income tax benefit	233		—
Unrealized net losses on cash flow hedge instruments, net of reclassification adjustment	(660)		—
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	2,505		3,038
Comprehensive income	$	530	$	10,323

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Common Stock
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	12,463	$	187,813	$	168,951	$	(6,499)	$	(5,661)	$	357,067
Net income	—		—		7,285		—		—		7,285
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		3,038		3,038
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (24,550 shares)	—		(570)		—		501		—		(69)
Repurchase of common stock (49,216 shares)	—		—		—		(1,299)		—		(1,299)
Share-based compensation	—		292		—		—		—		292
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.2025 per share)	—		—		(2,465)		—		—		(2,465)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	12,463	$	187,535	$	173,771	$	(7,297)	$	(2,623)	$	363,849
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	16,581	$	297,390	$	201,105	$	(10,466)	$	4,372	$	508,982
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(1)	—		—		(5,362)		—		—		(5,362)
Net loss	—		—		(1,975)		—		—		(1,975)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		2,505		2,505
Acquisition fair value finalization(2)	—		2,355		—		—		—		2,355
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (22,946 shares, net)	—		(679)		—		552		—		(127)
Repurchase of common stock (95,340 shares)	—		—		—		(2,604)		—		(2,604)
Share-based compensation	—		346		—		—		—		346
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.22 per share)	—		—		(3,556)		—		—		(3,556)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	16,581	$	299,412	$	190,212	$	(12,518)	$	6,877	$	500,564

(1) Reclassification pursuant to adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. See Note 2. Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards for additional information.

(2) Relates to the finalization of the purchase accounting adjustments for the ATBancorp acquisition. This purchase accounting adjustment had a $2.06 million impact on goodwill, $296 thousand impact on deferred income taxes, with the offsetting impact being to additional paid-in capital. See Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,975)	$	7,285
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Credit loss expense	21,733		1,594
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion	1,456		1,905
Net loss (gain) on sale of premises and equipment	5		(12)
Share-based compensation	346		292
Net gain on sale or call of debt securities available for sale	(42)		(17)
Net gain on sale of foreclosed assets, net	(37)		(14)
Writedown of foreclosed assets	131		—
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale	(810)		(126)
Origination of loans held for sale	(50,305)		(7,764)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	47,032		8,247
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	(521)		(392)
Increase in deferred income taxes, net	(3,655)		(16)
Change in:
Other assets	(5,316)		281
Other liabilities	13,367		398
Net cash provided by operating activities	21,409		11,661
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale	22,140		7,280
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities available for sale	28,426		17,238
Purchases of debt securities available for sale	(142,632)		(39,373)
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities held to maturity	—		720
Net (increase) decrease in loans, net of unearned income	27,819		(6,410)
Purchases of premises and equipment	(403)		(490)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets	2,151		394
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	2		12
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(62,497)		(20,629)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in:
Deposits	131,094		71,898
Short-term borrowings	(9,860)		(55,356)
Long-term debt	(21,798)		(6,250)
Taxes paid relating to the release/lapse of restriction on RSU's	(127)		(69)
Dividends paid	(3,556)		(2,465)
Repurchase of common stock	(2,604)		(1,299)
Net cash provided by financing activities	93,149		6,459
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	52,061		(2,509)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of Period	73,484		45,480
Ending balance	$	125,545	$	42,971

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(unaudited) (dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	9,993	$	7,084
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	—		—
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans to foreclosed assets, net	$	493	$	181
Initial recognition of operating lease right of use asset	—		2,892
Initial recognition of operation lease liability	—		2,892

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc., an Iowa corporation formed in 1983, is a bank holding company under the BHCA and a financial holding company under the GLBA. Our principal executive offices are located at 102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240.

The Company owns all of the outstanding common stock of MidWestOne Bank, an Iowa state non-member bank chartered in 1934 with its main office in Iowa City, Iowa, and, until its dissolution in December 2019, all of the common stock of MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., Oskaloosa, Iowa. We operate primarily through MidWestOne Bank, our bank subsidiary.

On May 1, 2019, the Company acquired ATBancorp, a bank holding company whose wholly-owned banking subsidiaries were ATSB and ABTW, community banks headquartered in Dubuque, Iowa, and Cuba City, Wisconsin, respectively. As consideration for the merger, we issued 4,117,536 shares of our common stock with a value of $116 million, and paid cash in the amount of $34.8 million.

On June 30, 2019, the Company sold substantially all of the assets used by its wholly owned subsidiary, MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc. to sell insurance products. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $1.1 million from the sale, which was reported in “Other” noninterest income on the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual consolidated financial statements are omitted. In the opinion of management, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated and adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals and considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim periods, have been included. The current period's results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that ultimately may be achieved for the year. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2020.

Risks and Uncertainties

The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and could impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The spread of the outbreak has caused significant disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates. While there has been no material impact to the Company’s employees to date, COVID-19 could also potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company.

Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve have taken several actions designed to cushion the economic fallout. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 as a $2 trillion legislative package. The goal of the CARES Act is to prevent a severe economic downturn through various measures, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. The package also includes extensive emergency funding for hospitals and healthcare providers. In addition to the general impact of COVID-19, certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations.

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates further or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent that the impact of COVID-19, and resulting measures to curtail its spread, will have on the Company’s operations, the Company discloses in this report potentially material items of which it is aware at the time this report is filed with the SEC.

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Financial position and results of operations

The Company’s interest income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company is actively working with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees will still accrue to income, through normal GAAP accounting, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact of COVID-19 may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

The Company’s fee income could be reduced due to COVID-19. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company is actively working with COVID-19 affected customers to waive fees from a variety of sources, such as, but not limited to, insufficient funds and overdraft fees, ATM fees, account maintenance fees, etc. These reductions in fees are thought, at this time, to be temporary in conjunction with the length of the expected COVID-19 related economic crisis. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact of COVID-19 is likely to impact its fee income in future periods.

Capital and liquidity

While the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, its reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. The Company relies on cash on hand as well as dividends from its subsidiary bank to service its debt. If the Company’s capital deteriorates such that its subsidiary bank is unable to pay dividends to it for an extended period of time, the Company may not be able to service its debt. If an extended recession causes large numbers of the Company’s deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Asset valuation

Currently, the Company does not expect COVID-19 to affect its ability to account timely for the assets on its balance sheet; however, this could change in future periods. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances such as widening credit spreads, the Company does not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with GAAP.

Due to the economic impact that COVID-19 has had on the Company, management concluded that factors such as the decline in macroeconomic conditions have led to the occurrence of a triggering event and therefore an interim impairment test over goodwill was performed as of March 31, 2020. As part of this interim impairment assessment, in the event that the Company concluded that all or a portion of its goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital. Based upon the results of our interim goodwill assessment, we have concluded that an impairment did not exist as of the time of the assessment.

It is possible that the lingering effects of COVID-19 could cause the occurrence of what management would deem to be subsequent triggering events that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform a goodwill or intangible asset impairment test and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. In the event that the Company concludes that all or a portion of its goodwill or intangible assets are impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital.

Processes, controls and business continuity plan

The Company has invoked its Business Continuity Plan that includes a remote working strategy. The Company does not anticipate incurring additional material cost related to its continued deployment of the remote working strategy. No material operational or internal control challenges or risks have been identified to date. The Company does not anticipate significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures the Company has taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its business continuity plans.

Credit

The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19. The Company is prepared to offer short-term assistance in accordance with regulator guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 virus, the Company is engaging in more frequent communication with borrowers to better understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required ACL and record additional credit loss expense. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of COVID-19 are prolonged.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect: (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (2) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available to management at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 may not be indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2020, or for any other period.

All significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the quarterly financial statements are disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2020.

In the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and federal funds sold.

Segment Reporting

The Company’s activities are considered to be 1 reportable segment. The Company is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, and investment management with operations throughout Iowa, the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota, western Wisconsin, Naples and Fort Myers, Florida, and Denver, Colorado. Substantially all income is derived from a diverse base of commercial, mortgage and retail lending activities, and investments.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Debt Securities Available for Sale

For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses related to debt securities AFS on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired available for sale debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount must be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

In evaluating available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers’ financial condition, among other factors.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as credit loss expense (or reversal of credit loss expense). Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of an available for sale debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Loans Held for Investment

Under the current expected credit loss model, the allowance for credit losses is a valuation account estimated at each balance sheet date and deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans held for investment to present the net amount expected to be collected.

The Company estimates the ACL based on the underlying assets’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for collection of cash and charge-offs, as well as applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the allowance for credit losses through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible;

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however, generally speaking, an asset will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.

The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Depending on the nature of the pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company uses a DCF method or a loss-rate method to estimate expected credit losses.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the ACL consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss driver information on a straight-line basis over four quarters when it can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adjusted the reversion period from the previously disclosed six quarters to four quarters based upon current forecasted conditions.

Discounted Cash Flow Method

The Company uses the DCF method to estimate expected credit losses for the agricultural, commercial and industrial, CRE - construction and development, CRE - farmland, CRE - multifamily, CRE - other, RRE - owner-occupied one-to-four family first liens, RRE - nonowner-occupied one-to-four family first liens, RRE - one-to-four family junior liens, and consumer loan pools. For each of these pools, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data.

The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine which variables are best suited to be economic variables utilized when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the economic variables. For the loan pools utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes one or multiple of the following economic variables: Midwest unemployment, national retail sales, CRE index, US rental vacancy rate, US gross domestic product, and national home price index (HPI).

For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over four quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics.

The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level net present value of expected cash flows (“NPV”). An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis. In addition, management utilizes qualitative factors to adjust the calculated ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

Loss-Rate Method

The Company uses a loss-rate method to estimate expected credit losses for the credit card and overdraft pools. For each of these pools, the Company applies an expected loss ratio based on internal and peer historical losses, adjusted as appropriate for qualitative factors. Qualitative loss factors are based on management's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

Collateral Dependent Financial Assets

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent financial assets where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial

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difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized costs basis of the financial asset exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the financial asset.

The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected TDR.

A loan that has been modified or renewed is considered a TDR when two conditions are met: 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 2) concessions are made for the borrower's benefit that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower or transaction with similar credit risk characteristics. The Company’s ACL reflects all effects of a TDR when an individual asset is specifically identified as a reasonably expected TDR. The Company has determined that a TDR is reasonably expected no later than the point when the lender concludes that modification is the best course of action and it is at least reasonably possible that the troubled borrower will accept some form of concession from the lender to avoid a default. Reasonably expected TDRs and executed non-performing TDRs are evaluated individually to determine the required ACL. TDRs performing in accordance with their modified contractual terms for a reasonable period of time may be included in the Company’s existing pools based on the underlying risk characteristics of the loan to measure the ACL.

Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19

In March 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the FDIC, (the "agencies") issued an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with customers affected by COVID-19. The interagency statement was effective immediately and impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under ASC 310-40, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” a restructuring of debt constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession and the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented.

Refer to Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses for additional information.

Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

The Company recognizes a liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancellable, through a charge to credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures included in credit loss expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur, and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses for additional information.

2. Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards

Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2019

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and HTM debt securities. It is also applied to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in

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accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for AFS debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on AFS debt securities that management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $5.4 million as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326. The transition adjustment includes a $4.0 million impact due to the increase in ACL related to loans, a $3.4 million impact due the establishment of the allowance for unfunded commitments, and a $1.9 million impact on deferred taxes.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration that were previously classified as PCI and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to reflect the addition of $119 thousand to the ACL. The remaining noncredit discount will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020.

The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326

	January 1, 2020
	Pre-ASC 326 Adoption		Impact of ASC 326 Adoption		As Reported Under ASC 326
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Loans
Agricultural	$	3,748	$	(2,557)	$	1,191
Commercial and industrial	8,394		2,728		11,122
Commercial real estate	13,804		1,300		15,104
Residential real estate	2,685		2,050		4,735
Consumer	448		463		911
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	29,079	$	3,984	$	33,063
Liabilities:
Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	—	$	3,433	$	3,433

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. Four disclosure requirements were removed, three were modified, and two were added. In addition, the amendments eliminate “at a minimum” from the phrase “an entity shall disclose at a minimum” to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures and to clarify that materiality is an appropriate consideration of entities and their auditors when evaluating disclosure requirements. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at March 31, 2020

On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (ASC 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASC 848 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. Entities may apply the provision as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made and are available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2020-04.

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3. Business Combinations

On May 1, 2019, the Company acquired 100% of the equity of ATBancorp through a merger and acquired its wholly-owned banking subsidiaries ATSB and ABTW. The consideration included common stock valued at $116.0 million and cash consideration of $34.8 million.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their fair values as of the May 1, 2019 acquisition date net of any applicable tax effects. As part of the finalization of purchase accounting associated with the merger, an additional $2.06 million was recorded to goodwill, $296 thousand was recorded to deferred income taxes, with the offsetting impact being to additional paid-in capital. All amounts recognized for the business combination in the financial statements have been determined to be final as of March 31, 2020.

The table below summarizes the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

(in thousands)	May 1, 2019
Merger consideration
Share consideration	$	116,032
Cash consideration	34,766
Total merger consideration			$	150,798
Identifiable net assets acquired, at fair value
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	82,081
Debt securities available for sale	99,056
Loans	1,138,928
Premises and equipment	18,327
Other intangible assets	28,349
Foreclosed assets	3,091
Other assets	42,944
Total assets acquired			1,412,776
Liabilities assumed
Deposits	$	1,089,355
Short-term borrowings	100,761
Long-term debt	71,234
Other liabilities	29,951
Total liabilities assumed			1,291,301
Fair value of net assets acquired			121,475
Goodwill			$	29,323

The following table summarizes ATBancorp acquisition-related expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	$	—	$	10
Legal and professional	—		126
Data processing	44		5
Other	10		26
Total ATBancorp acquisition-related expenses	$	54	$	167

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4. Debt Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities AFS, with gross unrealized gains and losses, were as follows:

	As of March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Loss related to Debt Securities		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	421	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	431
State and political subdivisions	283,087		4,499		1,209		—		286,377
Mortgage-backed securities	41,191		1,412		2		—		42,601
Collateralized mortgage obligations	301,287		6,804		1,231		—		306,860
Corporate debt securities	245,674		3,343		3,427		—		245,590
Total debt securities	$	871,660	$	16,068	$	5,869	$	—	$	881,859

	As of December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	439	$	2	$	—	$	441
State and political subdivisions	253,750		3,803		348		257,205
Mortgage-backed securities	43,009		536		15		43,530
Collateralized mortgage obligations	293,911		1,000		1,965		292,946
Corporate debt securities	188,952		3,018		115		191,855
Total debt securities	$	780,061	$	8,359	$	2,443	$	785,977

Investment securities with a carrying value of $334.7 million and $264.8 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were pledged on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes, as required or permitted by law.

The following table presents debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at March 31, 2020, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continuous loss position:  

		As of March 31, 2020
	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months									12 Months or More									Total
Available for Sale				Fair Value			Unrealized Losses			Fair Value			Unrealized Losses			Fair Value			Unrealized Losses
(in thousands, except number of securities)
State and political subdivisions	77	$	33,845		$	1,209		$	—		$	—		$	33,845		$	1,209
Mortgage-backed securities	9	404			2			17			—			421			2
Collateralized mortgage obligations	8	62,873			1,231			—			—			62,873			1,231
Corporate debt securities	28	105,435			3,342			1,316			85			106,751			3,427
Total	122	$	202,557		$	5,784		$	1,333		$	85		$	203,890		$	5,869

As of March 31, 2020, 77 state and political subdivisions securities with total unrealized losses of $1.2 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities by considering the yield spread to treasury securities, credit agency ratings, and payment history. In addition, management evaluated the most recent financial information available for certain of these securities. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

As of March 31, 2020, 9 mortgage-backed securities and 8 collateralized mortgage obligations with unrealized losses were held by the Company. Management evaluated the payment history of these securities. In addition, management considered the implied U.S. government guarantee of these agency securities and the level of credit enhancement for non-agency securities. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

As of March 31, 2020, 28 corporate debt securities with total unrealized losses of $3.4 million were held by the Company. Management evaluated these securities by considering credit agency ratings and payment history. In addition, management evaluated the most recent financial information available for certain of these securities. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the decline in fair value was not attributable to credit losses.

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities, which is recorded within 'Other Assets,' totaled $4.6 million at March 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

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The following table presents information pertaining to debt securities with gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:  

		As of December 31, 2019
Available for Sale	Number of Securities	Less than 12 Months						12 Months or More						Total
				Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
(in thousands, except number of securities)
State and political subdivisions	47	$	27,161	$	322	$	2,112	$	26	$	29,273	$	348
Mortgage-backed securities	7	963		12		1,365		3		2,328		15
Collateralized mortgage obligations	33	103,395		719		65,604		1,246		168,999		1,965
Corporate debt securities	7	7,012		14		8,788		101		15,800		115
Total	94	$	138,531	$	1,067	$	77,869	$	1,376	$	216,400	$	2,443

Proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on debt securities available for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale	$	22,140	$	7,280
Gross realized gains from sales of debt securities available for sale	155		26
Gross realized losses from sales of debt securities available for sale	(113)		(9)
Net realized gain from sales of debt securities available for sale	$	42	$	17

The contractual maturity distribution of investment debt securities at March 31, 2020, is shown below. Expected maturities of MBS and CMO may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary.

	Available For Sale
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	42,982	$	43,030
Due after one year through five years	185,876		186,530
Due after five years through ten years	225,762		227,898
Due after ten years	74,562		74,940
	$	529,182	$	532,398
Mortgage-backed securities	41,191		42,601
Collateralized mortgage obligations	301,287		306,860
Total	$	871,660	$	881,859

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5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses

The composition of loans by class of receivable was as follows:

	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Agricultural	$	145,435	$	140,446
Commercial and industrial	864,702		835,236
Commercial real estate:
Construction & development	282,921		298,077
Farmland	168,777		181,885
Multifamily	217,108		227,407
Commercial real estate-other	1,111,640		1,107,490
Total commercial real estate	1,780,446		1,814,859
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	389,055		407,418
One- to four- family junior liens	165,235		170,381
Total residential real estate	554,290		577,799
Consumer	80,889		82,926
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	3,425,762		3,451,266
Allowance for credit losses	(51,187)		(29,079)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	3,374,575	$	3,422,187

Loans with unpaid principal in the amount of $918.2 million and $945.9 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB as collateral for borrowings.

Non-accrual and Delinquent Status

Loans are placed on non-accrual when (1) payment in full of principal and interest is no longer expected or (2) principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured with marketable collateral and in the process of collection. All loans rated doubtful or worse, and certain loans rated substandard, are placed on non-accrual.

A non-accrual loan may be restored to an accrual status when (1) all past due principal and interest has been paid (excluding renewals and modifications that involve the capitalizing of interest) or (2) the loan becomes well secured with marketable collateral and is in the process of collection. An established track record of performance is also considered when determining accrual status.

Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had 0 commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers who have a nonperforming loan.

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans based on delinquency status:

			Age Analysis of Past-Due Financial Assets										90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
(in thousands)	Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total
March 31, 2020
Agricultural	$	137,398	$	6,416	$	416	$	1,205	$	145,435	$	—
Commercial and industrial	858,489		1,999		436		3,778		864,702		62
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	281,109		431		649		732		282,921		—
Farmland	157,371		1,760		2,062		7,584		168,777		—
Multifamily	216,242		866		—		—		217,108		—
Commercial real estate-other	1,102,517		987		447		7,689		1,111,640		174
Total commercial real estate	1,757,239		4,044		3,158		16,005		1,780,446		174
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	384,069		2,339		993		1,654		389,055		44
One- to four- family junior liens	164,590		331		136		178		165,235		—
Total residential real estate	548,659		2,670		1,129		1,832		554,290		44
Consumer	80,528		140		46		175		80,889		23
Total	$	3,382,313	$	15,269	$	5,185	$	22,995	$	3,425,762	$	303
December 31, 2019
Agricultural	$	137,715	$	975	$	—	$	1,756	$	140,446	$	—
Commercial and industrial	828,842		846		270		5,278		835,236		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	294,995		2,256		621		205		298,077		—
Farmland	175,281		362		—		6,242		181,885		—
Multifamily	227,013		394		—		—		227,407		—
Commercial real estate-other	1,102,504		1,965		347		2,674		1,107,490		—
Total commercial real estate	1,799,793		4,977		968		9,121		1,814,859		—
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	402,471		2,579		857		1,511		407,418		99
One- to four- family junior liens	169,592		518		108		163		170,381		25
Total residential real estate	572,063		3,097		965		1,674		577,799		124
Consumer	82,558		150		80		138		82,926		12
Total	$	3,420,971	$	10,045	$	2,283	$	17,967	$	3,451,266	$	136

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan and related interest income recognized:

(in thousands)	Beginning of Period Nonaccrual		End of Period Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Losses		90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing		Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Agricultural	$	2,894	$	3,585	$	2,519	$	—	$	64
Commercial and industrial	13,276		11,755		6,140		62		56
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	1,494		867		701		—		35
Farmland	10,402		13,682		11,566		—		84
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		1
Commercial real estate-other	10,141		10,517		6,885		174		21
Total commercial real estate	22,037		25,066		19,152		174		141
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	2,557		2,777		581		44		8
One- to four- family junior liens	513		568		1		—		1
Total residential real estate	3,070		3,345		582		44		9
Consumer	206		222		25		23		2
Total	$	41,483	$	43,973	$	28,418	$	303	$	272

Credit Quality Information

The Company aggregates loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogenous loans, such as agricultural, commercial and industrial, and commercial real estate loans. Loans not meeting the criteria described below that are analyzed individually are considered to be pass-rated. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention/Watch - A special mention/watch asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention/watch assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

Homogenous loans, including residential real estate and consumer loans, are not individually risk rated. Instead, these loans are categorized based on performance: performing and nonperforming. Nonperforming loans include those loans on nonaccrual, loans greater than 90 days past due and on accrual, and TDRs on accrual.

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The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of loans by class of receivable by credit quality indicator and vintage based on the most recent analysis performed, as of March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, there were no 'loss' rated credits.

	Term Loans by Origination Year																Revolving Loans
March 31, 2020 (in thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior				Total
Agricultural
Pass	$	14,609	$	15,786	$	8,035	$	3,272	$	3,135	$	3,220	$	74,018	$	122,075
Special mention / watch	3,749		1,268		591		404		897		344		5,543		12,796
Substandard	124		1,443		1,009		176		256		2,786		4,770		10,564
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	18,482	$	18,497	$	9,635	$	3,852	$	4,288	$	6,350	$	84,331	$	145,435
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	62,134	$	135,839	$	99,140	$	113,934	$	54,861	$	127,025	$	227,607	$	820,540
Special mention / watch	334		2,143		2,717		4,012		990		5,545		9,814		25,555
Substandard	2,384		3,259		1,046		1,381		1,417		2,666		6,454		18,607
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	64,852	$	141,241	$	102,903	$	119,327	$	57,268	$	135,236	$	243,875	$	864,702
CRE - Construction and development
Pass	$	18,964	$	136,833	$	44,024	$	34,407	$	2,285	$	2,076	$	29,539	$	268,128
Special mention / watch	989		800		590		—		—		35		9,059		11,473
Substandard	615		1,979		—		—		116		45		565		3,320
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	20,568	$	139,612	$	44,614	$	34,407	$	2,401	$	2,156	$	39,163	$	282,921
CRE - Farmland
Pass	$	10,749	$	38,099	$	19,395	$	20,402	$	12,113	$	28,798	$	3,521	$	133,077
Special mention / watch	1,672		7,034		1,973		1,998		1,255		1,296		703		15,931
Substandard	1,218		5,165		3,890		1,851		427		6,647		571		19,769
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	13,639	$	50,298	$	25,258	$	24,251	$	13,795	$	36,741	$	4,795	$	168,777
CRE - Multifamily
Pass	$	50,291	$	21,562	$	23,646	$	25,045	$	21,887	$	59,026	$	14,490	$	215,947
Special mention / watch	—		—		—		—		85		—		—		85
Substandard	—		1,076		—		—		—		—		—		1,076
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	50,291	$	22,638	$	23,646	$	25,045	$	21,972	$	59,026	$	14,490	$	217,108
CRE - other
Pass	$	115,059	$	216,822	$	113,410	$	186,570	$	148,073	$	201,195	$	60,246	$	1,041,375
Special mention / watch	1,668		21,535		6,378		7,060		4,520		10,027		273		51,461
Substandard	—		1,693		7,223		4,432		1,278		4,043		135		18,804
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	116,727	$	240,050	$	127,011	$	198,062	$	153,871	$	215,265	$	60,654	$	1,111,640
RRE - One- to four- family first liens
Performing	$	32,556	$	76,673	$	59,926	$	56,374	$	49,581	$	101,470	$	8,805	$	385,385
Nonperforming	—		139		269		578		347		2,321		16		3,670
Total	$	32,556	$	76,812	$	60,195	$	56,952	$	49,928	$	103,791	$	8,821	$	389,055
RRE - One- to four- family junior liens
Performing	$	2,215	$	16,329	$	19,152	$	9,441	$	4,848	$	9,022	$	103,524	$	164,531
Nonperforming	—		84		—		33		253		312		22		704
Total	$	2,215	$	16,413	$	19,152	$	9,474	$	5,101	$	9,334	$	103,546	$	165,235
Consumer
Performing	$	7,561	$	23,785	$	17,137	$	8,025	$	6,031	$	7,657	$	10,471	$	80,667
Nonperforming	—		35		49		68		28		40		2		222
Total	$	7,561	$	23,820	$	17,186	$	8,093	$	6,059	$	7,697	$	10,473	$	80,889

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The following table sets forth the risk category of loans by class of loans and credit quality indicator used on the most recent analysis performed as of December 31, 2019:

2019 (in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention / Watch		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total
Agricultural	$	117,374	$	13,292	$	9,780	$	—	$	—	$	140,446
Commercial and industrial	794,526		19,038		21,635		1		36		835,236
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	283,921		11,423		2,733		—		—		298,077
Farmland	141,107		21,307		19,471		—		—		181,885
Multifamily	226,124		90		1,193		—		—		227,407
Commercial real estate-other	1,036,418		50,691		20,381		—		—		1,107,490
Total commercial real estate	1,687,570		83,511		43,778		—		—		1,814,859
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	396,175		4,547		6,532		164		—		407,418
One- to four- family junior liens	168,229		1,282		870		—		—		170,381
Total residential real estate	564,404		5,829		7,402		164		—		577,799
Consumer	82,650		39		218		19		—		82,926
Total	$	3,246,524	$	121,709	$	82,813	$	184	$	36	$	3,451,266

Allowance for Credit Losses

At March 31, 2020, the economic forecast used by the Company showed a significant increase in Midwest unemployment, significant decreases in national retail sales, the CRE index, and US GDP, and moderate increases in the national home price index and US rental vacancy rate for the first forecasted quarter. The forecast projected gradual improvement in the Midwest unemployment, national retail sales, and US GDP forecasts over the next three quarters with these loss drivers remaining significantly worse compared to recent historical trends over the past several years. The CRE index and US rental vacancy rate forecasts project further decline over the next two quarters before a gradual improvement. The national home price index forecast remains favorable over the next three quarters. The significant change in current and forecasted conditions was largely a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We have made a policy election to report interest receivable as a separate line on the balance sheet. Accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within 'Other Assets' totaled $12.2 million at March 31, 2020 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326	$	3,748	$	8,394	$	13,804	$	2,685	$	448	$	29,079
Day 1 transition adjustment from adoption of ASC 326	(2,557)		2,728		1,300		2,050		463		3,984
Charge-offs	(84)		(471)		(720)		—		(222)		(1,497)
Recoveries	25		213		8		7		46		299
Credit loss expense(1)	14		8,445		8,746		1,683		434		19,322
Ending balance	$	1,146	$	19,309	$	23,138	$	6,425	$	1,169	$	51,187
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	3,637	$	7,478	$	15,635	$	2,349	$	208	$	29,307
Charge-offs	(134)		(354)		(650)		(49)		(168)		(1,355)
Recoveries	7		48		8		9		34		106
Credit loss expense	181		422		(195)		963		223		1,594
Ending balance	$	3,691	$	7,594	$	14,798	$	3,272	$	297	$	29,652
(1) The difference in the credit loss expense reported herein as compared to the Consolidated Statements of Income is associated with the credit loss expense of $2.4 million related to off-balance sheet credit exposures.

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The composition of allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment based on evaluation method were as follows:

	As of March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,256	$	10,778	$	23,764	$	710	$	21	$	38,529
Collectively evaluated for impairment	142,179		853,924		1,756,682		553,580		80,868		3,387,233
Total	$	145,435	$	864,702	$	1,780,446	$	554,290	$	80,889	$	3,425,762
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	251	$	1,920	$	1,651	$	103	$	—	$	3,925
Collectively evaluated for impairment	895		17,389		21,487		6,322		1,169		47,262
Total	$	1,146	$	19,309	$	23,138	$	6,425	$	1,169	$	51,187

	As of December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	4,312	$	12,242	$	16,082	$	838	$	21	$	33,495
Collectively evaluated for impairment	135,246		822,939		1,781,306		572,865		82,864		3,395,220
Purchased credit impaired loans	888		55		17,471		4,096		41		22,551
Total	$	140,446	$	835,236	$	1,814,859	$	577,799	$	82,926	$	3,451,266
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	212	$	2,198	$	1,180	$	73	$	—	$	3,663
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,536		6,194		11,836		2,152		448		24,166
Purchased credit impaired loans	—		2		788		460		—		1,250
Total	$	3,748	$	8,394	$	13,804	$	2,685	$	448	$	29,079

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:

	As of March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Primary Type of Collateral
	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable		Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation
Agricultural	$	1,181	$	—	$	1,708	$	367	$	3,256	$	251
Commercial and industrial	1,060		—		5,703		4,016		10,779		1,920
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	700		—		—		—		700		—
Farmland	13,195		—		—		—		13,195		657
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	9,869		—		—		—		9,869		994
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	710		—		—		—		710		103
One- to four- family junior liens	—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	—		—		21		—		21		—
Total	$	26,715	$	—	$	7,432	$	4,383	$	38,530	$	3,925

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Troubled Debt Restructurings

TDRs totaled $11.7 million and $11.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The following table sets forth information on the Company's TDRs by class of financing receivable occurring during the stated periods. TDRs may include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications in the table are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Number of Contracts	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands)
CONCESSION - Extended maturity date
Commercial and industrial	1	$	242	$	242	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate-other	2	485		485		—	—		—
One- to four- family junior liens	—	—		—		1	51		51
Total	3	$	727	$	727	1	$	51	$	51

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company had 0 TDRs that redefaulted within 12 months subsequent to restructure. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company had 0 TDRs that redefaulted within 12 months subsequent to restructure.

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Pre-ASC 326 Adoption Impaired Loan Disclosures

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of receivable, as of December 31, 2019:

	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Agricultural	$	2,383	$	2,913	$	—
Commercial and industrial	7,391		10,875		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	1,181		1,218		—
Farmland	4,306		4,331		—
Multifamily	—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	5,709		5,854		—
Total commercial real estate	11,196		11,403		—
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	577		578		—
One- to four- family junior liens	—		—		—
Total residential real estate	577		578		—
Consumer	21		21		—
Total	$	21,568	$	25,790	$	—
With an allowance recorded:
Agricultural	$	1,929	$	1,930	$	212
Commercial and industrial	4,851		5,417		2,198
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	135		135		135
Farmland	1,109		1,148		347
Multifamily	—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	3,642		4,229		698
Total commercial real estate	4,886		5,512		1,180
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	261		262		73
One- to four- family junior liens	—		—		—
Total residential real estate	261		262		73
Consumer	—		—		—
Total	$	11,927	$	13,121	$	3,663
Total:
Agricultural	$	4,312	$	4,843	$	212
Commercial and industrial	12,242		16,292		2,198
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	1,316		1,353		135
Farmland	5,415		5,479		347
Multifamily	—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	9,351		10,083		698
Total commercial real estate	16,082		16,915		1,180
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	838		840		73
One- to four- family junior liens	—		—		—
Total residential real estate	838		840		73
Consumer	21		21		—
Total	$	33,495	$	38,911	$	3,663

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The following table presents the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of receivable, during the stated period:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019
(in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Agricultural	$	1,538	$	—
Commercial and industrial	2,343		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	—		—
Farmland	1,011		—
Multifamily	—		—
Commercial real estate-other	1,185		6
Total commercial real estate	2,196		6
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	75		—
One- to four- family junior liens	305		1
Total residential real estate	380		1
Consumer	—		—
Total	$	6,457	$	7
With an allowance recorded:
Agricultural	$	2,735	$	—
Commercial and industrial	5,460		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	—		—
Farmland	1,442		—
Multifamily	—		—
Commercial real estate-other	3,966		3
Total commercial real estate	5,408		3
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	394		1
One- to four- family junior liens	—		—
Total residential real estate	394		1
Consumer	11		—
Total	$	14,008	$	4
Total:
Agricultural	$	4,273	$	—
Commercial and industrial	7,803		—
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	—		—
Farmland	2,453		—
Multifamily	—		—
Commercial real estate-other	5,151		9
Total commercial real estate	7,604		9
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	469		1
One- to four- family junior liens	305		1
Total residential real estate	774		2
Consumer	11		—
Total	$	20,465	$	11

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Purchased Credit Impaired Loans (Pre-ASC 326 Adoption)

The following table summarizes the outstanding balance and carrying amount of our PCI loans that were identified prior to the adoption of ASC 326:

	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Agricultural	$	904
Commercial and industrial	147
Commercial real estate	17,803
Residential real estate	4,136
Consumer	57
Outstanding balance	23,047
Carrying amount	22,551
Allowance for credit losses	1,250
Carrying amount, net of allowance for credit losses	$	21,301

6. Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Balance Sheet Offsetting

The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Company’s derivatives as of the dates indicated. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of master netting agreements, as included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.

The fair values of the Company's derivative instrument assets and liabilities are summarized as follows:

	As of March 31, 2020												As of December 31, 2019
	Notional Amount		Fair Value								Notional Amount		Fair Value
(in thousands)					Assets			Liabilities					Assets		Liabilities
Designated as hedging instruments
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps	$	16,625	$	—		$	2,875		$	16,734	$	—	$	1,113
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	30,000		—			894			—		—		—
Total	$	46,625	$	—		$	3,769		$	16,734	$	—	$	1,113
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	$	281,492	$	12,499		$	12,533		$	113,632	$	1,824	$	1,999
RPAs - protection sold	4,646		1			—			4,702		24		—
RPAs - protection purchased	9,965		—			3			10,009		—		130
Total	$	296,103	$	12,500		$	12,536		$	128,343	$	1,848	$	2,129

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk. Certain hedging relationships are formally designated and qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP as fair value or cash flow hedges.

Fair Value Hedges - Derivatives are designated as fair value hedges to limit the Company's exposure to changes in the fair value of assets or liabilities due to movements in interest rates. The Company entered into pay-fixed receive-floating interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value in certain fixed-rate assets. The gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

Cash Flow Hedges - Derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges in order to minimize the variability in cash flows of earning assets or forecasted transactions caused by movement in interest rates. In February 2020, the Company entered into a pay-fixed receive-variable interest rate swap with a notional of $30,000,000 to hedge against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on the Company's variable rate debt. The

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interest rate swap is designated as a cash flow hedge. The gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. During 2020, the Company estimates that an additional $298 thousand will be reclassified to interest expense.

The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative					Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
	Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019			2020		2019
Interest rate swaps	$	(888)	$	—	Interest Expense	$	5	$	—

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

	Location and Amount of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020						2019
(in thousands)	Interest Income		Interest Expense		Interest Income		Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	(47)	$	(5)	$	(1)	$	—
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20:
Interest contracts:
Hedged items	1,750		—		304		—
Derivative designated as hedging instruments	(1,797)		—		(305)		—
Income statement effect of cash flow hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20:
Interest contracts:
Amount reclassified from AOCI into income	—		(5)		—		—

As of March 31, 2020, the following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Line Item in the Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset
(in thousands)
Loans	$	19,493	$	2,861

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Interest Rate Swaps - The Company has also entered into interest rate swap contracts. The derivative contracts related to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer, while simultaneously entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with an institutional counterparty.

Credit Risk Participation Agreements - The Company enters into RPAs to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with a syndicated loan. The Company may enter into protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties to decrease or increase its exposure to a borrower. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The notional amount of the RPAs reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument.

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The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the consolidated statements of income related to the derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated:

	Location in the Consolidated Statements of Income	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)				2020			2019
Interest rate swaps	Other income	$	141		$	(22)
RPAs	Other income	103			(17)
Total		$	244		$	(39)

Offsetting of Derivatives

The Company has entered into agreements with certain counterparty financial institutions, which include master netting agreements. However, the Company has elected to account for all derivatives with counterparty institutions on a gross basis. The Company manages the risk of default by its borrower counterparties through its normal loan underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures.

The following table below presents gross derivatives and the respective collateral received or pledged in the form of other financial instruments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which are generally marketable securities and/or cash. The collateral amounts in the table below are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability (after netting is applied); thus instances of overcollateralization are not shown. Further, the net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheets.

									Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(in thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Assets (Liabilities)
As of March 31, 2020
Asset Derivatives	$	12,500	$	—	$	12,500	$	—		$	—	$	12,500
Liability Derivatives	(16,305)		—		(16,305)		—			(16,305)		—
As of December 31, 2019
Asset Derivatives	$	1,848	$	—	$	1,848	$	—		$	—	$	1,848
Liability Derivatives	(3,242)		—		(3,242)		—			(3,242)		—

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Company has an unsecured federal funds line with its institutional derivative counterparty. The Company has an agreement with its institutional derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has an agreement with its derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company’s default on the indebtedness.

As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $16.4 million. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted $16.3 million of collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at March 31, 2020, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $16.4 million.

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2020
Goodwill, beginning of period	$	91,918
Fair value adjustment	2,059
Total goodwill, end of period	$	93,977

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Goodwill adjustments included the finalization of the purchase accounting adjustments for the ATBancorp acquisition.

The following table presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net carrying amount of other intangible assets for the periods indicated:

	As of March 31, 2020										As of December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Core deposit intangible	$	41,745	$	(22,558)	$	19,187	$	41,745	$	(21,032)	$	20,713
Customer relationship intangible	5,265		(1,661)		3,604		5,265		(1,195)		4,070
Other	2,700		(2,341)		359		2,700		(2,305)		395
	$	49,710	$	(26,560)	$	23,150	$	49,710	$	(24,532)	$	25,178
Indefinite-lived trade name intangible	$	7,040					$	7,040

The following table provides the estimate future amortization expense for the remaining nine months ending December 31, 2020 and the succeeding periods:

	Core Deposit Intangible		Customer Relationship Intangible		Other		Total
Estimated Amortization Expense for the Year Ending December 31,
2020	$	3,881	$	969	$	97	$	4,947
2021	4,190		1,062		106		5,358
2022	3,487		797		79		4,363
2023	2,833		518		51		3,402
2024	2,180		239		24		2,443
Thereafter	2,616		19		2		2,637
Total	$	19,187	$	3,604	$	359	$	23,150

8. Other Assets

The components of the Company's other assets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank-owned life insurance	$	82,146	$	81,625
Interest receivable	17,029		18,525
FHLB stock	13,773		15,381
Mortgage servicing rights	6,579		7,026
Operating lease ROU assets, net	4,237		4,499
Federal & state taxes, current	—		2,318
Federal & state taxes, deferred	8,532		3,530
Derivative assets	12,500		1,848
Other receivables/assets	12,656		13,208
	$	157,452	$	147,960

The increase in other assets is primarily attributable to the increase in the total amount of the net derivative assets. See Note 6. Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Balance Sheet Offsetting for further details.

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9. Deposits

The following table presents the composition of our deposits as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands)	As of March 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2019
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	637,127	$	662,209
Interest checking deposits	995,762		962,830
Money market deposits	793,482		763,028
Savings deposits	404,100		387,142
Time deposits under $250,000	688,409		682,232
Time deposits of $250,000 or more	340,964		271,214
Total deposits	$	3,859,844	$	3,728,655

The Company had $5.0 million and $6.6 million in brokered time deposits through the CDARS program as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Included in money market deposits at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $11.4 million and $10.1 million, respectively, of brokered deposits through the ICS program.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had public entity deposits that were collateralized by investment securities of $114.6 million and $96.6 million, respectively.

10. Short-Term Borrowings

The following table summarizes our short-term borrowings as of the dates indicated:

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Weighted Average Rate		Balance		Weighted Average Rate		Balance
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0.90	%	$	129,489	1.06	%	$	117,249
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	—		—		1.73		22,100
Total	0.90	%	$	129,489	1.17	%	$	139,349

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling assets to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same assets at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. All securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded on the face of the balance sheet.

The Bank has a secured line of credit with the FHLBDM. Advances from the FHLBDM are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

The Bank has unsecured federal funds lines totaling $170.0 million from multiple correspondent banking relationships. There were 0 borrowings from such lines at either March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had 0 Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowings, while the financing capacity was $61.5 million as of March 31, 2020 and $12.7 million as of December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had municipal securities with a market value of $68.3 million and $13.0 million, respectively, pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago to secure potential borrowings.

On April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a correspondent bank under which the Company could borrow up to $5.0 million from an unsecured revolving credit facility. Interest was payable at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.00%. The credit agreement was amended on April 29, 2019 such that, commencing April 30, 2019, the revolving commitment amount was increased to $10.0 million with interest payable at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus 1.75%. The revolving loan matures on April 30, 2020. The Company had 0 balance outstanding under this revolving loan as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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11. Long-Term Debt

Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts

The table below summarizes the terms of each issuance of junior subordinated notes outstanding as of the dates indicated:

(in thousands)	Face Value		Book Value		Interest Rate	Rate		Maturity Date	Callable Date
March 31, 2020
ATBancorp Statutory Trust I	$	7,732	$	6,823	Three-month LIBOR + 1.68%	2.42	%	06/15/2036	06/15/2011
ATBancorp Statutory Trust II	12,372		10,808		Three-month LIBOR + 1.65%	2.39	%	06/15/2037	06/15/2012
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II	7,217		6,795		Three-month LIBOR + 3.50%	4.24	%	03/15/2038	03/15/2013
Barron Investment Capital Trust I	2,062		1,741		Three-month LIBOR + 2.15%	3.35	%	09/23/2036	09/23/2011
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II	15,464		15,464		Three-month LIBOR + 1.59%	2.33	%	12/15/2037	12/15/2012
Total	$	44,847	$	41,631
December 31, 2019
ATBancorp Statutory Trust I	$	7,732	$	6,814	Three-month LIBOR + 1.68%	3.57	%	06/15/2036	06/15/2011
ATBancorp Statutory Trust II	12,372		10,794		Three-month LIBOR + 1.65%	3.54	%	09/15/2037	06/15/2012
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II	7,217		6,783		Three-month LIBOR + 3.50%	5.39	%	03/15/2038	03/15/2013
Barron Investment Capital Trust I	2,062		1,732		Three-month LIBOR + 2.15%	4.08	%	09/23/2036	09/23/2011
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II	15,464		15,464		Three-month LIBOR + 1.59%	3.48	%	12/15/2037	12/15/2012
Total	$	44,847	$	41,587

Subordinated Debentures

On May 1, 2019, with the acquisition of ATBancorp, the Company assumed $10.9 million of subordinated debentures. These debentures have a stated maturity of May 31, 2023, and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.50%, with interest payable semi-annually on March 15th and September 15th. The Company has the option to redeem the debentures, in whole or part, at any time on or after May 31, 2021. The debentures constitute Tier 2 capital under the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve applicable to the capital status of the subordinated debt of bank holding companies. Beginning on the fifth anniversary preceding the maturity date of each debenture, we were required to begin amortizing the amount of the debentures that may be treated as Tier 2 capital. Specifically, we will lose Tier 2 treatment for 20% of the amount of the debentures in each of the final five years preceding maturity, such that during the final year, we will not be permitted to treat any portion of the debentures as Tier 2 capital. At March 31, 2020, we were permitted to treat 60% of the debentures as Tier 2 capital.

Other Long-Term Debt

Long-term borrowings were as follows as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Weighted Average Rate		Balance		Weighted Average Rate		Balance
Finance lease payable	8.89	%	$	1,194	8.89	%	$	1,224
FHLB borrowings	2.30		125,673		2.25		145,700
Notes payable to unaffiliated bank	3.11		30,482		3.44		32,250
Total	2.51	%	$	157,349	2.51	%	$	179,174

As a member of the FHLBDM, the Bank may borrow funds from the FHLB in amounts up to 45% of the Bank’s total assets, provided the Bank is able to pledge an adequate amount of qualified assets to secure the borrowings. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2020, FHLB long-term borrowings included advances from the FHLBC, which were collateralized by investment securities. See Note 4. Debt Securities of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

On April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a $35.0 million unsecured note payable with a correspondent bank with a maturity date of June 30, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, $1.6 million of that note was outstanding.

On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into a $35.0 million unsecured note payable with a correspondent bank with a maturity date of April 30, 2024. Quarterly principal and interest payments began June 30, 2019 and, as of March 31, 2020, $28.9 million of that note was outstanding.

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12. Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 varied from the amount computed by applying the maximum effective federal income tax rate of 21%, to the income before income taxes, because of the following items:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020						2019
(in thousands)	Amount		% of Pretax Income		Amount		% of Pretax Income
Income tax based on statutory rate	$	(876)	(21.0)	%	$	1,927	21.0	%
Tax-exempt interest	(643)		(15.4)		(468)		(5.1)
Bank-owned life insurance	(109)		(2.6)		(82)		(0.9)
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	(191)		(4.6)		487		5.3
Non-deductible acquisition expenses	—		—		26		0.3
General business credits	(383)		(9.2)		(14)		(0.2)
Other	4		—		14		0.2
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	(2,198)	(52.8)	%	$	1,890	20.6	%

13. Earnings per Share

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020		2019
Basic Earnings Per Share:
Net income (loss)	$	(1,975)	$	7,285
Weighted average shares outstanding	16,141,500		12,164,360
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12)	$	0.60
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Net income (loss)	(1,975)		$	7,285
Weighted average shares outstanding, including all dilutive potential shares	16,141,500		12,176,757
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12)	$	0.60

The weighted average shares that have an antidilutive effect in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share and have been excluded from the computations above were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020
Dilutive shares(1)	18,042
(1) Dilutive potential shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of the reported net loss available to common shareholders.

14. Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The capital amounts and classification also are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

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A comparison of the Company's and the Bank's capital with the corresponding minimum regulatory requirements in effect as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, is presented below:

	Actual			For Capital Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer(1)			To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio
At March 31, 2020
Consolidated:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$478,203	11.48%	$437,295	10.50%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	427,059	10.25	354,000	8.50	N/A	N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	385,428	9.25	291,530	7.00	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	427,059	9.39	181,950	4.00	N/A	N/A
MidWestOne Bank:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$500,343	12.03%	$436,868	10.50%	$416,065	10.00%
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	455,700	10.95	353,655	8.50	332,852	8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	455,700	10.95	291,246	7.00	270,442	6.50
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	455,700	10.03	181,680	4.00	227,099	5.00
At December 31, 2019
Consolidated:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$463,601	11.34%	$429,077	10.50%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	428,021	10.47	347,348	8.50	N/A	N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	386,434	9.46	286,051	7.00	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	428,021	9.48	180,529	4.00	N/A	N/A
MidWestOne Bank:
Total capital/risk weighted assets	$482,106	11.83%	$427,877	10.50%	$407,502	10.00%
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	453,027	11.12	346,377	8.50	326,002	8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets	453,027	11.12	285,251	7.00	264,876	6.50
Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets	453,027	10.06	180,209	4.00	231,166	5.00

(1) Includes a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The Bank for the period as of December 31, 2019 was required to maintain reserve balances in cash on hand or on deposit with Federal Reserve Banks, of which these reserve amounts totaled $24.1 million. There was no such requirement to maintain such reserve balances as of March 31, 2020, and therefore the total amount held in reserve was $0.0 million.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Credit-related financial instruments: The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.

The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. The following table summarizes the Bank's commitments as of the dates indicated:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit	$	840,090	$	859,212
Commitments to sell loans	9,483		5,400
Standby letters of credit	35,002		36,192
Total	$	884,575	$	900,804

The Bank's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent a future requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the party.

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Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, crops, livestock, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties.

Commitments to sell loans are agreements to sell loans held for sale to third parties at an agreed upon price.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements and, generally, have terms of one year or less. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank holds collateral, which may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, equipment and income-producing properties, that support those commitments, if deemed necessary. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Bank would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Bank could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount shown in the summary above. If the commitment is funded, the Bank would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer.

Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures: The Company records a liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures through a charge to credit loss expense (or a reversal of credit loss expense) on the Company's consolidated statements of income and other liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2020, the liability for off-balance-sheet credit exposures totaled $5.8 million, whereas the total amount recorded within credit loss expense was $2.4 million. NaN liability was recorded in the prior year.

Litigation: In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries have been named, from time to time, as defendants in various legal actions.  Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions may include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.

Concentrations of credit risk: Substantially all of the Bank’s loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Bank’s market areas. Although the loan portfolio of the Bank is diversified, approximately 68% of the loans are real estate loans and approximately 9% are agriculturally related. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses. Commitments to extend credit are primarily related to commercial loans and home equity loans. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers. Investments in securities issued by state and political subdivisions involve certain governmental entities within Iowa and Minnesota. The carrying value of investment securities of Iowa and Minnesota political subdivisions totaled 45% and 23%, respectively, as of March 31, 2020.

16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

For information regarding the valuation methodologies used to measure our assets recorded at fair value (under ASC Topic 820), and for estimating fair value for financial instruments not recorded at fair value (under ASC Topic 825, as amended by ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03), see Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 20. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements, to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company uses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, primarily available for sale and derivatives. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period and such measurements are therefore considered "nonrecurring" for purposes of disclosing our fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for impaired loans and other real estate owned.

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Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis comprise the following as of the dates indicated:

	Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2020 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	431	$	—	$	431	$	—
State and political subdivisions	286,377		—		286,377		—
Mortgage-backed securities	42,601		—		42,601		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations	306,860		—		306,860		—
Corporate debt securities	245,590		—		245,590		—
Derivative assets	12,500		—		12,500		—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	16,305	$	—	$	16,305	$	—

	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2019 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	441	$	—	$	441	$	—
State and political subdivisions	257,205		—		257,205		—
Mortgage-backed securities	43,530		��		43,530		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations	292,946		—		292,946		—
Corporate debt securities	191,855		—		191,855		—
Derivative assets	1,848		—		1,848		—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	3,242	$	—	$	3,242	$	—

There were no transfers of assets between Level 3 and other levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or the year ended December 31, 2019.

Changes in the fair value of available for sale debt securities are included in other comprehensive income.

Nonrecurring Basis

The following tables present assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of the dates indicated: 

	Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2020 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Collateral dependent impaired loans	$	6,223	$	—	$	—	$	6,223
Foreclosed assets, net	968		—		—		968

	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2019 Using
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Collateral dependent impaired loans	$	6,749	$	—	$	—	$	6,749
Foreclosed assets, net	3,706		—		—		3,706

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The following table presents the valuation technique(s), unobservable inputs, and quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used for fair value measurements of the financial instruments held by the Company and categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of the date indicated:

	Fair Value at
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Valuation Techniques(s)	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs							Weighted Average
Collateral dependent impaired loans	$	6,223	$	6,749	Fair value of collateral	Valuation adjustments	—	%	-	75	%	28	%
Foreclosed assets, net	$	968	3,706		Fair value of collateral	Valuation adjustments	5	%	-	46	%	23	%

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

	March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	125,545	$	125,545	$	125,545	$	—	$	—
Debt securities available for sale	881,859		881,859		—		881,859		—
Loans held for sale	9,483		9,646		—		9,646		—
Loans held for investment, net	3,374,575		3,414,068		—		—		3,414,068
Interest receivable	17,029		17,029		—		17,029		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	13,773		13,773		—		13,773		—
Derivative assets	12,500		12,500		—		12,500		—
Financial liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits	637,127		637,127		637,127		—		—
Interest-bearing deposits	3,222,717		3,231,800		2,193,344		1,038,456		—
Short-term borrowings	129,489		129,489		129,489		—		—
Finance leases payable	1,194		1,194		—		1,194		—
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	125,673		129,372		—		129,372		—
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts	41,631		34,655		—		34,655		—
Subordinated debentures	10,894		11,066		—		11,066		—
Other long-term debt	30,482		30,482		—		30,482		—
Derivative liabilities	16,305		16,305		—		16,305		—

	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	73,484	$	73,484	$	73,484	$	—	$	—
Debt securities available for sale	785,977		785,977		—		785,977		—
Loans held for sale	5,400		5,476		—		5,476		—
Loans held for investment, net	3,422,187		3,427,952		—		—		3,427,952
Interest receivable	18,525		18,525		—		18,525		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	15,381		15,381		—		15,381		—
Derivative assets	1,848		1,848		—		1,848		—
Financial liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits	662,209		662,209		662,209		—		—
Interest-bearing deposits	3,066,446		3,066,427		2,113,000		953,427		—
Short-term borrowings	139,349		139,349		139,349		—		—
Finance leases payable	1,224		1,224		—		1,224		—
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	145,700		146,913		—		146,913		—
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts	41,587		39,391		—		39,391		—
Subordinated debentures	10,899		11,083		—		11,083		—
Other long-term debt	32,250		32,250		—		32,250		—
Derivative liabilities	3,242		3,242		—		3,242		—

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17. Leases

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB Topic 842. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements regarding transition guidance related to the new standard.

Substantially all of the leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending through 2025. We do not have any subleased properties. Substantially all of our leases are classified as operating leases, and therefore, were previously not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company has one existing finance lease (previously referred to as a capital lease) for a branch location with a lease term through 2025.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

(in thousands)	Classification	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Lease Right-of-Use Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Other assets	$	4,237		$	4,499
Finance lease right-of-use asset	Premises and equipment, net	613			637
Total right-of-use assets		$	4,850		$	5,136
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liability	Other liabilities	$	5,202		$	5,430
Finance lease liability	Long-term debt	1,194			1,225
Total lease liabilities		$	6,396		$	6,655
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases		8.88 years			8.90 years
Finance lease		6.42 years			6.67 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases		3.80		%	3.78		%
Finance lease		8.89		%	8.89		%

The calculated amount of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the table above are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Regarding the discount rate, Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was used. For finance leases, the Company utilizes the rate implicit in the lease.

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The following table represents lease costs and other lease information. As the Company elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component, the variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities.

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Lease Costs
Operating lease cost	$	319	$	193
Variable lease cost	39		35
Short-term lease cost	—		1
Interest on lease liabilities (1)	26		29
Amortization of right-of-use assets	24		24
Net lease cost	$	408	$	282
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	503	$	359
Operating cash flows from finance lease	27		29
Finance cash flows from finance lease	31		27
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	—		—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	—		—

(1) Included in long-term debt interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. All other lease costs in this table are included in occupancy expense of premises, net.

Future minimum payments for finance leases and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of March 31, 2020 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Twelve Months Ended:
December 31, 2020	$	173	$	843
December 31, 2021	235		1,074
December 31, 2022	240		973
December 31, 2023	245		912
December 31, 2024	250		682
Thereafter	426		2,131
Total undiscounted lease payment	$	1,569	$	6,615
Amounts representing interest	(375)		(1,413)
Lease liability	$	1,194	$	5,202

18. Subsequent Events

On April 29, 2020, the board of directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share payable on June 15, 2020 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on June 1, 2020.

As of May 4, 2020, the Company has closed or approved with the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) 2,327 Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans representing $334.5 million in funding.

The Company has evaluated events that have occurred subsequent to March 31, 2020 and has concluded there are no other subsequent events that would require recognition in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We and our representatives may, from time to time, make written or oral statements that are “forward-looking” and provide information other than historical information. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. These factors include, among other things, the factors listed below. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plans,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “may” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Additionally, we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events, except as required under federal securities law.

Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors that could have an impact on our ability to achieve operating results, growth plan goals and future prospects include, but are not limited to, the following:

•the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its potential effects on the economic environment, our customers, and our operations, as well as any changes to federal, state, or local government laws, regulations, or orders in connection with the pandemic;

•credit quality deterioration or pronounced and sustained reduction in real estate market values could cause an increase in our allowance for credit losses and a reduction in net earnings;

•the effects of interest rates, including on our net income and the value of our securities portfolio;

•changes in the economic environment, competition, or other factors that may affect our ability to acquire loans or influence the anticipated growth rate of loans and deposits and the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing;

•fluctuations in the value of our investment securities;

•governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

•changes in benchmark interest rates used to price our loans and deposits, including the expected elimination of LIBOR;

•legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, consumer protection, trade and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;

•the ability to attract and retain key executives and employees experienced in banking and financial services;

•the sufficiency of the allowance for credit losses to absorb the amount of actual losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio;

•our ability to adapt successfully to technological changes to compete effectively in the marketplace;

•credit risks and risks from concentrations (by geographic area and by industry) within our loan portfolio;

•the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds, financial technology companies, and other financial institutions operating in our markets or elsewhere or providing similar services;

•the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of the allowance for credit losses and estimation of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities;

•the risks of mergers, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions;

•volatility of rate-sensitive deposits;

•operational risks, including data processing system failures or fraud;

•asset/liability matching risks and liquidity risks;

•the costs, effects and outcomes of existing or future litigation;

•changes in general economic, political, or industry conditions, nationally, internationally, or in the communities in which we conduct business;

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies and the FASB, such as the implementation of CECL;

•war or terrorist activities, widespread disease or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or other adverse external events, which may cause deterioration in the economy or cause instability in credit markets;

•the effects of cyber-attacks;

•the imposition of tariffs or other domestic or international government policies impacting the value of agricultural or other products of our borrowers; and

•other factors and risks described under “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q and in other reports we file with the SEC.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by the foregoing cautionary statements. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results.

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OVERVIEW

The Company provides financial services to individuals, businesses, governmental units and institutional customers located primarily in the upper Midwest through its bank subsidiary, MidWestOne Bank. The Bank has locations throughout Iowa, the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, and Denver, Colorado.

The Bank is focused on delivering relationship-based business and personal banking products and services. The Bank provides commercial loans, real estate loans, agricultural loans, credit card loans, and consumer loans. The Bank also provides deposit products including demand and interest checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and time deposits. Complementary to our loan and deposit products, the Bank also provides products and services including treasury management, Zelle, online and mobile banking, debit cards, ATMs, and safe deposit boxes. The Bank also has a trust department through which it offers services including the administration of estates, personal trusts, and conservatorships and the management of real property. Finally, the Bank’s investment services department offers financial planning, investment advisory, and retail securities brokerage services (the latter of which is provided through an agreement with a third-party registered broker-dealer).

Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities held for investment, and the interest expense paid on our deposits and borrowings. Results of operations are also affected by noninterest income and expense, credit loss expense and income tax expense. Significant external factors that impact our results of operations include general economic and competitive conditions, as well as changes in market interest rates, government policies, and actions of regulatory authorities.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2020. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period.

Significant Developments – Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has had an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and is expected to have a complex and significant adverse impact on the economy, the banking industry and the Company in future fiscal periods, all subject to a high degree of uncertainty.

Effects on Our Market Areas.

Our commercial and consumer banking products and services are offered primarily in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida and Colorado, where individual and governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a broad curtailment of economic activity beginning in March 2020. In Iowa, the Governor recently issued a series of orders, including orders for many retail establishments to close and imposing limitations on gathering sizes. Certain restrictions were loosened effective May 1, 2020, while other restrictions remain in place until May 15, 2020. In Minnesota, the Governor recently issued a series of orders, including an order that, subject to limited exceptions, all individuals stay at home and non-essential businesses cease all activities, of which this order was effective March 28, 2020, and based upon the most recent proclamation on May 3, 2020 extends through May 17, 2020. In Wisconsin, the Governor recently issued an order that, subject to limited exceptions, all individuals stay at home and non-essential businesses cease all activities, which order was effective from March 25, 2020 and currently extends through May 26, 2020, although certain restrictions were loosened beginning on April 29, 2020. In Florida, the Governor issued a series of orders, including an order that, subject to limited exceptions, senior citizens and individuals with underlying conditions stay at home, all other individuals limit movements and personal interactions outside their homes and non-essential businesses cease all activities. Certain restrictions were loosened effective May 4, 2020, while other restrictions remain in place as of the date of our report. In Colorado, the Governor recently issued an order that, subject to limited exceptions, all individuals stay at home and non-essential businesses cease all activities, which order was effective from March 26, 2020 through April 26, 2020. After April 26, 2020, certain businesses were allowed to open with certain restrictions. The Bank and its branches have remained open during these orders because banks have been deemed essential businesses. The Bank has been serving its customers through a combination of its digital banking channels, drive-thru banking locations, and customer service phone lines.

The U.S. has experienced a substantial decline nationally in economic condition, as indicated by the 4.8% GDP contraction in the first quarter of 2020. Each state has experienced significant increases in unemployment insurance claims from the week ended January 4, 2020 to the week ended April 18, 2020 per U.S. Department of Labor data:

•701% Colorado

•389% Florida

•335% Iowa

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•474% Minnesota

•504% Wisconsin

To date, many of the public health impacts of COVID-19 have been concentrated in large cities, such as New York City, but we anticipate that similar effects will occur on a more delayed basis in smaller cities and communities, where our banking operations are primarily focused.

Policy and Regulatory Developments.

Federal, state, and local governments and regulatory authorities have enacted and issued a range of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following:

•The Federal Reserve decreased the range for the federal funds target rate by 0.5% on March 3, 2020, and by another 1.0% on March 16, 2020, reaching a current range of 0.0 – 0.25%.

•On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, which established a $2.0 trillion economic stimulus package, including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a $349 billion loan program administered through the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"), referred to as the paycheck protection program ("PPP"). Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed individuals may apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Bank is participating as a lender in the PPP. On or about April 16, 2020, the SBA notified lenders that the $349 billion earmarked for the PPP was exhausted. On April 24, 2020, an additional $310 billion in funding for PPP loans was authorized, with such funds available for PPP loans beginning on April 27, 2020. In addition, the CARES Act provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. See Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses for additional information on TDRs.

•On April 7, 2020, federal banking regulators issued a revised Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions, which, among other things, encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19, and stated that institutions generally do not need to categorize COVID-19-related modifications as TDRs and that the agencies will not direct supervised institutions to automatically categorize all COVID-19 related loan modifications as TDRs. See Note 5. Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Credit Losses for additional information on TDRs.

•On April 9, 2020, the Federal Reserve announced additional measures aimed at supporting small and mid-sized business, as well as state and local governments impacted by COVID-19. The Federal Reserve announced the Main Street Business Lending Program, which establishes two new loan facilities intended to facilitate lending to small and mid-sized businesses: (1) the Main Street New Loan Facility ("MSNLF"), and (2) the Main Street Expanded Loan Facility ("MSELF"). MSNLF loans are unsecured term loans originated on or after April 8, 2020, while MSELF loans are provided as upsized tranches of existing loans originated before April 8, 2020. The combined size of the program will be up to $600 billion. The program is designed for businesses with up to 10,000 employees or $2.5 billion in 2019 revenues. To obtain a loan, borrowers must confirm that they are seeking financial support because of COVID-19 and that they will not use proceeds from the loan to pay off debt. The Federal Reserve also stated that it would provide additional funding to banks offering PPP loans to struggling small businesses. Lenders participating in the PPP will be able to exclude loans financed by the facility from their leverage ratio. In addition, the Federal Reserve created a Municipal Liquidity Facility ("MLF") to support state and local governments with up to $500 billion in lending, with the Treasury Department backing $35 billion for the facility using funds appropriated by the CARES Act. The facility will make short-term financing available to cities with a population of more than one million or counties with a population of greater than two million. The Federal Reserve expanded both the size and scope its Primary and Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facilities to support up to $750 billion in credit to corporate debt issuers. This will allow companies that were investment grade before the onset of COVID-19 but then subsequently downgraded after March 22, 2020 to gain access to the facility. Finally, the Federal Reserve announced that its Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility will be scaled up in scope to include the triple A-rated tranche of commercial mortgage-backed securities and newly issued collateralized loan obligations. The size of the facility is $100 billion.

•On April 27, 2020, the Federal Reserve made additional revisions to the MLF. These revisions expand the population thresholds that will be able to borrow from the MLF as compared to the initial plan that was announced on April 9, 2020. Specifically, as part of this expansion, the scope of the short-term financing is now available to U.S. counties with a population of at least five hundred thousand residents and U.S. cities with a population of at least two hundred

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and fifty thousand residents. In addition, as part of these revisions, the term of the notes and corresponding termination date of the MLF were both extended. Specifically, the initial term of the notes was extended from 24 months to 36 months from the date of issuance, and the termination date of the MLF is now December 31, 2020.

Effects on Our Business.

We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic and the specific developments referred to above will have a significant impact on our business. In particular, we anticipate that a significant portion of the Bank’s borrowers in the retail, hospitality, restaurant, healthcare/senior living, arts, entertainment and gaming industries will endure significant economic distress which will adversely affect their ability to repay existing indebtedness. These developments, together with economic conditions generally, are also expected to impact the value of certain collateral securing our loans. As a result, we anticipate that our financial condition, capital levels and results of operations will be significantly adversely affected, as described in further detail below.

Our Response.

The Company has invoked its Business Continuity Plan that includes a remote working strategy. Our response to COVID-19 is focused on our employees, customers, and communities. We have increased social distancing throughout our locations, closed bank lobbies to appointment only, significantly expanded work from home capabilities, increased cleaning services, and implemented business travel restrictions. We have implemented a loan payment deferral program and assisted our clients through the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") and the CARES Act SBA payment forgiveness program. We have committed an additional $150,000 to our annual charitable giving. Despite this challenging environment, MidWestOne remains open for business. We continue to lend to qualified businesses for working capital and general business purposes.

Financial Condition & Results of Operations.

Net Interest Income. The Company's interest income on loans could be reduced due to COVID-19 and due to reductions in the targeted federal funds rate. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company is actively working with COVID-19 affected borrowers to defer their payments, interest, and fees. While interest and fees will still accrue to income, through normal GAAP accounting, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge, interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact from COVID-19 may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods. In addition, the Company's interest income on investment securities could be reduced due to COVID-19. A severe and sustained economic downturn could impact the debt securities issuers' ability to make payments on debt or to raise additional funds to continue operations, which could result in an increased credit loss expense. In addition, the Company's interest expense could be impacted by COVID-19 due to changes in funding mix. An extended recession could cause large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, which could increase our reliance on more volatile or expensive funding sources.

Credit Loss Expense. The Company's credit loss expense will be impacted due to COVID-19. Pertaining to our March 31, 2020 financial condition and results of operations, COVID-19 had a material impact on our ACL. While we have not yet experienced any charge-offs related to COVID-19, our ACL calculation and credit loss expense are significantly impacted by changes in forecasted economic conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic drove a significant increase in credit loss expense due to the worsening of forecasted conditions. Significant worsening of forecasted conditions is possible and would result in further increases in ACL and credit loss expense.

Noninterest Income. The Company’s fee income could be reduced due to COVID-19. For example, in keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company is actively working with COVID-19 affected customers to waive fees from a variety of sources, such as, but not limited to, insufficient funds and overdraft fees, ATM fees, account maintenance fees, etc. These reductions in fees are expected, at this time, to be temporary in conjunction with the length of the expected COVID-19 related economic crisis. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact from COVID-19 is likely to impact its fee income in future periods.

Noninterest Expense. We anticipate increases in noninterest expenses that are a result of COVID-19 for additional cleaning services, protective equipment, supplies, and expanded IT equipment and network/information services. We also anticipate employee productivity will also decline due to pandemic-related absences and normal challenges associated with working remotely. We also anticipate that the PPP loan program will impact noninterest expense by impacting the timing of compensation and benefit expense and due to increased information service expenses.

Credit Administration. In March 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the FDIC, (the "agencies") issued an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial

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institutions working with customers affected by COVID-19. The interagency statement was effective immediately and impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under ASC 310-40, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” a restructuring of debt constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession and the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. This interagency guidance is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements; however, this impact cannot be quantified at this time.

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the CARES Act, the Company is executing a payment deferral program for its borrowers that are adversely affected by the pandemic. As of May 4, 2020, the Company has executed 842 of these deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $398.1 million.

With the passage of the PPP, administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company is actively participating in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. PPP loans have a two-year term and earn interest at 1%. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of May 4, 2020, the Company has closed or approved with the SBA 2,327 PPP loans representing $334.5 million in funding. It is the Company’s understanding that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish additional allowance for credit loss through additional credit loss expense charged to earnings.

Loan Portfolio.

We anticipate that loan growth will be impacted in the future as a result of COVID-19 and the related decline in economic conditions in our market areas. While all industries have and will continue to experience adverse impacts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we had exposures in the following loan categories that we considered to be "vulnerable" to significant impact as of March 31, 2020.

	Balance		% of Gross Loans Held for Investment
(in thousands)
Non-essential retail	$	117,189	3	%
Restaurant	99,993		3	%
Hotel	119,149		3	%
CRE - Retail	180,921		5	%
Healthcare and senior living	162,505		5	%
Arts, entertainment, and gaming	22,627		1	%
	$	702,384	20	%

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The Company's goodwill and other intangible assets could be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. A sustained economic downturn could impact the Company's asset valuation or results of operations, which could result in an impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets. The Company completed an interim goodwill assessment as of March 31, 2020 and concluded that no impairment existed at that time.

Capital and liquidity.

As of March 31, 2020, all of our capital ratios, and our subsidiary bank’s capital ratios, were in excess of all regulatory requirements. While we believe that we have sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. We rely on cash on hand as well as dividends from our subsidiary bank to service our debt. If our capital deteriorates such that our subsidiary bank is unable to pay dividends to us for an extended period of time, we may not be able to service our debt. If an extended recession caused large numbers of our deposit customers to withdraw their funds, we might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

We discontinued repurchases of our stock in mid-March and have no near-term plans to resume repurchases until we have more clarity on the economic outlook.

Processes, controls and business continuity plan

The Company has invoked its Business Continuity Plan that includes a remote working strategy. The Company does not anticipate incurring additional material cost related to its continued deployment of the remote working strategy. No material

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operational or internal control challenges or risks have been identified to date. The Company does not anticipate significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures the Company has taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its business continuity plans.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management has identified the accounting policies related to the ACL, accounting for business combinations, and goodwill and other intangible assets as critical accounting estimates. Information about our critical accounting estimates is included under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2020.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019

Summary

On May 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of ATBancorp. The effects of this acquisition are one of the primary causes of the changes in our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, unless otherwise noted.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we incurred a net loss of $2.0 million, which was a decrease of $9.3 million from $7.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in net income was due primarily to an increase in credit loss expenses of $20.1 million, combined with a $9.4 million, or 45.5%, increase in noninterest expense, which was partially offset by a $11.4 million, or 44.0%, increase in net interest income, combined with a $4.7 million, or 87.7%, increase in noninterest income between the two comparable periods.

The following table presents selected financial results and measures as of and for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020			2019
Net (Loss) Income	$	(1,975)		$	7,285
Pre-tax, Pre-provision Net Revenue(1)	17,560			10,769
Average Assets	4,669,724			3,301,097
Average Shareholders’ Equity	515,169			359,403
Return on Average Assets	(0.17)		%	0.89		%
Return on Average Equity	(1.54)			8.22
Return on Average Tangible Equity(1)	(0.47)			10.87
Efficiency Ratio(1)	57.67			62.48
Equity to Assets Ratio (end of period)	10.51			11.00
Tangible Common Equity Ratio (end of period)(1)	8.11			8.96
Book Value per Share	$	31.11		$	29.94
Tangible Book Value per Share(1)	23.39			23.84
(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See below for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest income and fees earned on interest earning assets, less interest expense incurred on interest bearing liabilities. Interest rate levels and volume fluctuations within interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities impact net interest income. Net interest margin is the tax-equivalent basis net interest income as a percent of average interest earning assets.

Certain assets with tax favorable treatment are evaluated on a tax-equivalent basis. Tax-equivalent basis assumes a federal income tax rate of 21%. Tax-favorable assets generally have lower contractual pre-tax yields than fully taxable assets. A tax-equivalent analysis is performed by adding the tax savings to the earnings on tax favorable assets. After factoring in the tax favorable effects of these assets, the yields may be more appropriately evaluated against alternative interest earning assets. In addition to yield, various other risks are factored into the evaluation process.

Net interest income of $37.4 million for the first quarter of 2020 was up $11.4 million, or 44.0%, from $26.0 million for the first quarter of 2019. An increase in interest income of $14.0 million, or 42.0%, was partially offset by increased interest

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expense of $2.6 million, or 34.9%. Loan interest income increased $13.0 million, or 44.7%, to $42.0 million for the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, as a $1.03 billion, or 42.6%, increase in average loan balances between the two periods was augmented by a 5 basis point increase in loan yield. Merger-related loan purchase discount accretion saw an increase of $2.4 million for the first quarter of 2020. Interest income from investment securities was $5.2 million for the first quarter of 2020, up $0.9 million from the first quarter of 2019.

Interest expense increased $2.6 million, or 34.9%, to $10.0 million for the first quarter of 2020, compared to $7.4 million for the same period in 2019, due to the increase in the average balance of interest bearing deposits of $916.9 million between the two periods. Interest expense on borrowed funds was $2.1 million for the first quarter of 2020, up from $1.7 million for the first quarter of 2019, an increase of $0.3 million, or 19.4%. This increase was primarily a result of an increase in the average balance of borrowed funds to $347.5 million for the first quarter of 2020 compared to $289.4 million for the same period last year, an increase of $58.1 million, or 20.1%, between the comparative periods, partially offset by a decrease of 4 basis points in the borrowing rate.

Our net interest margin for the first quarter of 2020, calculated on a fully tax-equivalent basis, was 3.60%, or 4 basis points higher than the net interest margin of 3.56% for the first quarter of 2019. The yield on loans increased 5 basis points due primarily to the benefit from loan purchase discount accretion. The tax equivalent yield on investment securities decreased by 23 basis points. Combined, the resulting yield on interest-earning assets for the first quarter of 2020 was 1 basis points lower than the first quarter of 2019. The cost of deposits decreased 3 basis points, while the average cost of borrowings was lower by 4 basis points for the first quarter of 2020, compared to the first quarter of 2019. The Federal Reserve decreased the target federal funds interest rate by a total of 75 basis points in the second half of 2019, which contributed to the decreasing interest rates in the first quarter 2020 as compared to the first quarter 2019. In addition, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve decreased the target federal funds interest rate by a total of 150 basis points in March 2020. These decreases impact the comparability of net interest income and net interest margin between 2019 and 2020.

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The following table shows consolidated average balance sheets, detailing the major categories of assets and liabilities, the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, the interest expense paid for interest-bearing liabilities, and the related yields and costs for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020										2019
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Cost		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Cost
(dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Loans, including fees (1)(2)	$	3,436,263	$	42,509	4.98	%	$	2,409,641	$	29,308	4.93	%
Taxable investment securities	567,001		3,717		2.64		414,986		2,927		2.86
Tax-exempt investment securities (2)	224,171		1,907		3.42		202,027		1,772		3.56
Total securities held for investment	791,172		5,624		2.86		617,013		4,699		3.09
Other	55,833		164		1.18		3,053		20		2.66
Total interest earning assets	$	4,283,268	$	48,297	4.54	%	$	3,029,707	$	34,027	4.55	%
Other assets	386,456						271,390
Total assets	$	4,669,724					$	3,301,097
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest checking deposits	$	965,077	$	1,316	0.55	%	$	676,654	$	910	0.55	%
Money market deposits	766,766		1,645		0.86		599,695		1,334		0.90
Savings deposits	393,833		391		0.40		204,757		58		0.11
Time deposits	997,136		4,597		1.85		724,772		3,393		1.90
Total interest bearing deposits	3,122,812		7,949		1.02		2,205,878		5,695		1.05
Short-term borrowings	121,942		334		1.10		109,929		457		1.69
Long-term debt	225,587		1,716		3.06		179,515		1,260		2.85
Total borrowed funds	347,529		2,050		2.37		289,444		1,717		2.41
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	3,470,341	$	9,999	1.16	%	$	2,495,322	$	7,412	1.20	%
Noninterest bearing deposits	637,204						421,753
Other liabilities	47,010						24,619
Shareholders’ equity	515,169						359,403
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	4,669,724					$	3,301,097
Net interest income (2)			$	38,298					$	26,615
Net interest spread(2)					3.38	%					3.35	%
Net interest margin(2)					3.60	%					3.56	%
Total deposits(3)	$	3,760,016	$	7,949	0.85	%	$	2,627,631	$	5,695	0.88	%
Cost of funds(4)					0.98	%					1.03	%
Cost to fund earning assets(5)					0.94	%					0.99	%

(1)	Interest income includes net loan fees, loan purchase discount accretion and tax equivalent adjustments. Net loan fees were $(122) thousand and $(150) thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Loan purchase discount accretion was $3.0 million and $586 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Tax equivalent adjustments were $497 thousand and $273 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(2)	Tax equivalent, using a federal statutory tax rate of 21%..
(3)	Total deposits is the sum of total interest-bearing deposits and noninterest bearing deposits. The cost of total deposits is calculated as annualized interest expense on deposits divided by average total deposits.
(4)	Cost of funds is calculated as annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total deposits and borrowed funds.
(5)	Cost to fund earnings assets is calculated as annualized total interest expense divided by average earning assets.

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The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the difference related to changes in average outstanding balances and the increase or decrease due to the change in interest rates. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume (i.e. changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and (ii) changes in rate (i.e. changes in rate multiplied by old volume). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020 Compared to 2019 Change due to
	Volume		Yield/Cost		Net
(in thousands)
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans, including fees (1)	$	12,894	$	307	$	13,201
Taxable investment securities	2,162		(1,372)		790
Tax-exempt investment securities (1)	516		(381)		135
Total securities held for investment (1)	2,678		(1,753)		925
Other	227		(83)		144
Change in interest income (1)	15,799		(1,529)		14,270
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest checking deposits	406		—		406
Money market deposits	682		(371)		311
Savings deposits	86		247		333
Time deposits	1,802		(598)		1,204
Total interest-bearing deposits	2,976		(722)		2,254
Short-term borrowings	280		(403)		(123)
Long-term debt	354		102		456
Total borrowed funds	634		(301)		333
Change in interest expense	3,610		(1,023)		2,587
Change in net interest income	$	12,189	$	(506)	$	11,683
Percentage increase (decrease) in net interest income over prior period					43.9		%
(1) Tax equivalent, using a federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Interest income on loans on a tax-equivalent basis in the first quarter of 2020 increased $13.2 million, or 45.0%, compared with the same period in 2019. Average loans were $1.03 billion, or 42.6%, higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the first quarter of 2019, primarily resulting from the acquisition of ATBancorp. In addition to purchase accounting adjustments, the yield on our loan portfolio is affected by the amount of nonaccrual loans (which do not earn interest income), the mix of the portfolio (real estate loans generally have a lower overall yield than commercial and agricultural loans), the effects of competition and the interest rate environment on the amounts and volumes of new loan originations, and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans in our portfolio. The increase in interest income on loans was due primarily to the increase in average balance of loans between the first quarter of 2020 and the comparative period in 2019, augmented by an increase in the average yield on loans from 4.93% in the first quarter of 2019 to 4.98% in the first quarter of 2020.

Interest income on investment securities on a tax-equivalent basis totaled $5.6 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared with $4.7 million for the same period of 2019. The tax-equivalent yield on our investment portfolio in the first quarter of 2020 decreased to 2.86% from 3.09% in the comparable period of 2019. The average balance of investment securities in the first quarter of 2020 was $791.2 million compared with $617.0 million in the first quarter of 2019, an increase of $174.2 million, or 28.2%.

Interest expense on deposits increased $2.3 million, or 39.6%, to $7.9 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared with $5.7 million in the same period of 2019. The increased interest expense on deposits was primarily due to an increase in average balances of interest-bearing deposits for the first quarter of 2020 of $916.9 million compared with the same period in 2019, mainly attributable to the acquisition of ATBancorp. Offsetting this increase was a decrease of 3 basis points in the weighted average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits to 1.02% in the first quarter of 2020, compared with 1.05% in the first quarter of 2019.

Interest expense on borrowed funds of $2.1 million in the first quarter of 2020 was an increase of $0.3 million, or 19.4%, from $1.7 million in same period of 2019. Average borrowed funds for the first quarter of 2020 saw a $58.1 million increase compared with the same period in 2019. The level of borrowed funds increased between the two periods, primarily due to the

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$46.1 million increase in the average volume of long-term debt combined with a $12.0 million increase in the average volume of short-term borrowings for the first quarter of 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. These noted increases were partially offset by a decrease in the weighted average rate on borrowed funds to 2.37% for the first quarter of 2020 compared with 2.41% for the first quarter of 2019.

Credit Loss Expense

We recorded credit loss expense of $21.7 million in the first quarter of 2020, an increase of $20.1 million, or 1,263.4%, from $1.6 million for the first quarter of 2019. Our credit loss expense reflected the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on current and forecasted economic conditions for the U.S. and our regional economy. The total amount of net loans charged off in the first quarter of 2020 was consistent with the first quarter of 2019 at $1.2 million.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents the significant components of noninterest income and the related dollar and percentage change from period to period:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Investment services and trust activities	$	2,536	$	1,390	$	1,146	82.4	%
Service charges and fees	1,826		1,442		384		26.6
Card revenue	1,365		998		367		36.8
Loan revenue	1,123		393		730		185.8
Bank-owned life insurance	520		392		128		32.7
Insurance commissions	—		420		(420)		NM
Investment securities gains, net	42		17		25		147.1
Other	2,743		358		2,385		666.2
Total noninterest income	$	10,155	$	5,410	$	4,745	87.7	%

Total noninterest income for the first quarter of 2020 increased $4.7 million, or 87.7%, to $10.2 million from $5.4 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to general improvements in all areas of noninterest income as a result of the ATBancorp merger, with the exception of insurance commissions, which decreased due to the sale of the assets of the Company’s MidWestOne Insurance subsidiary in the second quarter of 2019. The increase was also due to an increase in income from our commercial loan swap program (which is recorded in 'Other' noninterest income), which was $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $46 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $2.58 million.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the significant components of noninterest expense and the related dollar and percentage change from period to period:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits	$	16,617	$	12,579	$	4,038	32.1	%
Occupancy expense of premises, net	2,341		1,879		462		24.6
Equipment	1,880		1,371		509		37.1
Legal and professional	1,535		965		570		59.1
Data processing	1,354		845		509		60.2
Marketing	1,062		606		456		75.2
Amortization of intangibles	2,028		452		1,576		348.7
FDIC insurance	448		370		78		21.1
Communications	457		342		115		33.6
Foreclosed assets, net	138		58		80		137.9
Other	2,141		1,150		991		86.2
Total noninterest expense	$	30,001	$	20,617	$	9,384	45.5	%

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The following table shows the impact of merger-related expenses to the various components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Merger-related expenses:	2020		2019
(dollars in thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits	$	—	$	10
Legal and professional	—		126
Data processing	44		5
Other	10		26
Total impact of merger-related expenses to noninterest expense	$	54	$	167

Noninterest expense for the first quarter of 2020 was $30.0 million, an increase of $9.4 million, or 45.5%, from $20.6 million for the first quarter of 2019. Compensation and employee benefits increased $4.0 million for the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to the merger with ATBancorp. Amortization of intangibles for the first quarter of 2020 was $2.0 million, an increase of $1.6 million, or 348.7%, from $0.5 million for the first quarter of 2019, due primarily to additions from the merger.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate, or income taxes divided by income before taxes, was (52.7)% for the first quarter of 2020, which was lower than the effective tax rate of 20.6% for the first quarter of 2019. The Company recorded a net income tax benefit of $2.2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to a net income tax expense of $1.9 million for the same period of 2019. The income tax benefit was primarily driven by the net loss experienced in the first quarter of 2020, as well as general business credit and tax-exempt interest income recognized in the first quarter of 2020. See Note 12. Income Taxes for additional information.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Following is a table that represents the major categories of the Company's balance sheet:

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		$ Change		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	125,545	$	73,484	$	52,061	70.8
Debt securities available for sale	881,859		785,977		95,882		12.2
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	3,425,762		3,451,266		(25,504)		(0.7)
Allowance for credit losses	(51,187)		(29,079)		(22,108)		76.0
Total loans held for investment, net	3,374,575		3,422,187		(47,612)		(1.4)
Other assets	381,930		371,925		10,005		2.7
Total assets	$	4,763,909	$	4,653,573	$	110,336	2.4
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Total deposits	$	3,859,844	$	3,728,655	$	131,189	3.5
Total borrowings	339,363		371,009		(31,646)		(8.5)
Other liabilities	64,138		44,927		19,211		42.8
Total shareholders' equity	500,564		508,982		(8,418)		(1.7)
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	4,763,909	$	4,653,573	$	110,336	2.4

Debt Securities Available for Sale

Debt securities totaled $881.9 million at March 31, 2020, or 18.5% of total assets, an increase of $95.9 million from $786.0 million, or 16.9% of total assets, as of December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the portfolio consisted mainly of MBS and CMOs (39.6%), obligations of states and political subdivisions (32.5%), and corporate debt securities (27.8%). No debt securities were classified as HTM at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

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Loans

The composition of loans held for investment, net of unearned income was as follows:

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total
Agricultural	$	145,435	4.2	%	$	140,446	4.1	%
Commercial and industrial	864,702		25.2		835,236		24.2
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	282,921		8.3		298,077		8.6
Farmland	168,777		5.0		181,885		5.3
Multifamily	217,108		6.3		227,407		6.6
Commercial real estate-other	1,111,640		32.4		1,107,490		32.1
Total commercial real estate	1,780,446		52.0		1,814,859		52.6
Residential real estate:
One- to four-family first liens	389,055		11.4		407,418		11.8
One- to four-family junior liens	165,235		4.8		170,381		4.9
Total residential real estate	554,290		16.2		577,799		16.7
Consumer	80,889		2.4		82,926		2.4
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income	$	3,425,762	100.0	%	$	3,451,266	100.0	%

Loans held for investment, net of unearned income decreased $25.5 million, or 0.7%, from a balance of $3.45 billion at December 31, 2019, to $3.43 billion at March 31, 2020 primarily due to continued pay downs between December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, the largest category of loans was commercial real estate loans, comprising approximately 52% of the portfolio, of which 8% of total loans were construction and development, 6% of total loans were multifamily residential mortgages, and 5% of total loans were farmland. Commercial and industrial loans was the next largest category at 25% of total loans, followed by residential real estate loans at 16%, agricultural loans at 4%, and consumer loans at 2%.

Premises and Equipment

As of March 31, 2020, premises and equipment totaled $89.9 million, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 1.0%, from December 31, 2019, primarily due to depreciation on the premises and equipment.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill was $94.0 million at March 31, 2020, an increase of $2.1 million, or 2.2%, from $91.9 million at December 31, 2019. Other intangible assets decreased $2.0 million, or 6.3%, to $30.2 million at March 31, 2020 compared to $32.2 million at December 31, 2019. The increase in goodwill was due to the finalization of purchase accounting related to the ATBancorp merger, whereas the decrease in other intangible assets was due to additional amortization of these assets. See Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Foreclosed Assets, Net

Foreclosed assets, net was $1.0 million at March 31, 2020 and $3.7 million at December 31, 2019, a decrease of $2.7 million, or 73.9% primarily due to the sale of foreclosed assets.

Deposits

Total deposits as of March 31, 2020 were $3.86 billion, an increase of $131.2 million from December 31, 2019. Between December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020, noninterest-bearing demand decreased $25.1 million, or 3.8%, interest-bearing checking increased $32.9 million, or 3.4%, money market increased $30.5 million, or 4.0%, savings increased $17.0 million, or 4.4%, and time deposits increased $75.9 million, or 8.0%.

Approximately 73.3% of our total deposits were considered “core” deposits as of March 31, 2020, compared to 74.4% at December 31, 2019. We consider core deposits to be the total of all deposits other than certificates of deposit. Specifically, as of March 31, 2020, these core deposits were comprised of 22.5% non-interest bearing demand, 35.2% interest-bearing checking, 28.0% money market, and 14.3% savings, whereas at December 31, 2019 these core deposits were comprised of 23.9% noninterest-bearing demand, 34.7% interest-bearing checking, 27.5% money market, and 14.0% savings. See Note 9. “Deposits” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our deposits.

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Short-Term Borrowings

Federal funds purchased - The Bank purchases federal funds for short-term funding needs from correspondent and regional banks. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had no federal funds purchased.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Securities sold under agreements to repurchase rose $12.2 million, or 10.4%, to $129.5 million as of March 31, 2020, compared with $117.2 million as of December 31, 2019. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling investment securities to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same investment securities at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. As such, the balance of these borrowings vary according to the liquidity needs of the customers participating in these sweep accounts.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances - The Bank utilizes FHLB short-term advances for short-term funding needs. The Company had zero short-term advances as of March 31, 2020, compared with $22.1 million as of December 31, 2019, a decrease of $22.1 million.

See Note 10. Short-Term Borrowings to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to short-term borrowings.

Long-term Debt

Finance Lease Payable - The Company has one existing finance lease for a branch location, with a present value liability balance of $1.2 million as of March 31, 2020, substantially unchanged from December 31, 2019.

Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts - Junior subordinated notes that have been issued to capital trusts that issued trust preferred securities were substantially unchanged as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, with a recorded amount of $41.6 million for each of these years.

Subordinated Debentures - On May 1, 2019, the Company assumed $10.9 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated debentures as a result of the merger with ATBancorp. The balance was substantially unchanged as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, with a recorded amount of $10.9 million.

Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings - FHLB borrowings totaled $125.7 million as of March 31, 2020, compared with $145.7 million as of December 31, 2019, a decrease of $20.0 million, or 13.7%. We utilize FHLB borrowings as a supplement to customer deposits to fund interest-earning assets and to assist in managing interest rate risk.

Other Long-Term Debt - Other long-term debt consists of a $35.0 million unsecured note entered into on April 30, 2015, in connection with the merger with Central Bancshares, Inc., $1.6 million of which was outstanding as of March 31, 2020. On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into a $35.0 million unsecured note in connection with the ATBancorp acquisition, $28.9 million of which was outstanding at March 31, 2020.

See Note 11. Long-Term Debt to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to long-term debt.

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Nonperforming Assets

The following tables set forth information concerning nonperforming loans by class of receivable at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)	Nonaccrual		90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest		Performing Troubled Debt Restructured		Total
March 31, 2020
Agricultural	$	3,585	$	—	$	2,361	$	5,946
Commercial and industrial	11,755		62		—		11,817
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	867		—		—		867
Farmland	13,682		—		—		13,682
Multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	10,517		174		1,012		11,703
Total commercial real estate	25,066		174		1,012		26,252
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	2,777		44		850		3,671
One- to four- family junior liens	568		—		136		704
Total residential real estate	3,345		44		986		4,375
Consumer	222		23		—		245
Total	$	43,973	$	303	$	4,359	$	48,635

(in thousands)	Nonaccrual		90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing Interest		Performing Troubled Debt Restructured		Total
December 31, 2019
Agricultural	$	2,894	$	—	$	2,361	$	5,255
Commercial and industrial	13,276		—		—		13,276
Commercial real estate:
Construction and development	1,494		—		—		1,494
Farmland	10,402		—		—		10,402
Multifamily	—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate-other	10,141		—		1,017		11,158
Total commercial real estate	22,037		—		1,017		23,054
Residential real estate:
One- to four- family first liens	2,557		99		856		3,512
One- to four- family junior liens	513		25		138		676
Total residential real estate	3,070		124		994		4,188
Consumer	206		12		—		218
Total	$	41,483	$	136	$	4,372	$	45,991

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The following table presents a roll forward of nonperforming loans as of the dates indicated:

Nonperforming Loans	Nonaccrual		90+ Days Past Due & Still Accruing		Performing Troubled Debt Restructured		Total
(in thousands)
December 31, 2019	$	41,483	$	136	$	4,372	$	45,991
Loans placed on nonaccrual, restructured or 90+ days past due & still accruing	10,450		291		—		10,741
Repayments (including interest applied to principal)	(6,078)		—		(13)		(6,091)
Loans returned to accrual status or no longer past due	(274)		(61)		—		(335)
Charge-offs	(1,288)		—		—		(1,288)
Transfers to foreclosed assets	(320)		—		—		(320)
Transfers to nonaccrual	—		(63)		—		(63)
March 31, 2020	$	43,973	$	303	$	4,359	$	48,635

At March 31, 2020, net foreclosed assets totaled $1.0 million, down from $3.7 million at December 31, 2019 primarily due to the sale of foreclosed assets. As of March 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was $51.2 million, or 1.49% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income, compared with $29.1 million, or 0.84%, at December 31, 2019.

Loan Review and Classification Process for Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial, and Commercial Real Estate Loans:

The Bank maintains a loan review and classification process which involves multiple officers of the Bank and is designed to assess the general quality of credit underwriting and to promote early identification of potential problem loans. All commercial and agricultural loan officers are charged with the responsibility of risk rating all loans in their portfolios and updating the ratings, positively or negatively, on an ongoing basis as conditions warrant. Risk ratings are selected from an 8-point scale with ratings as follows: ratings 1- 4 Satisfactory (pass), rating 5 Watch (potential weakness), rating 6 Substandard (well-defined weakness), rating 7 Doubtful, and rating 8 Loss.

When a loan officer originates a new loan, based upon proper loan authorization, he or she documents the credit file with an offering sheet summary, supplemental underwriting analysis, relevant financial information and collateral evaluations. All of this information is used in the determination of the initial loan risk rating. The Bank’s loan review department undertakes independent credit reviews of relationships based on either criteria established by loan policy, risk-focused sampling, or random sampling. Loan policy requires all lending relationships with total exposure of $5.0 million or more as well as all classified (loan grades 6 through 8) and watch (loan grade 5) rated credits over $1.0 million be reviewed no less than annually. The individual loan reviews consider such items as: loan type; nature, type and estimated value of collateral; borrower and/or guarantor estimated financial strength; most recently available financial information; related loans and total borrower exposure; and current and anticipated performance of the loan. The results of such reviews are presented to executive management.

Through the review of delinquency reports, updated financial statements or other relevant information, the lending officer and/or loan review personnel may determine that a loan relationship has weakened to the point that a watch (loan grade 5) or classified (loan grades 6 through 8) status is warranted. When a loan relationship with total related exposure of $1.0 million or greater is adversely graded (loan grade 5 or above), or is classified as a TDR (regardless of size), the lending officer is then charged with preparing a loan strategy summary worksheet that outlines the background of the credit problem, current repayment status of the loans, current collateral evaluation and a workout plan of action. This plan may include goals to improve the credit rating, assist the borrower in moving the loans to another institution and/or collateral liquidation. All such reports are first presented to regional management and then to the loan strategy committee. Copies of the minutes of these committee meetings are presented to the board of directors of the Bank.

Depending upon the individual facts and circumstances and the result of the classified/watch review process, loan officers and/or loan review personnel may categorize the loan relationship as impaired. Once that determination has occurred, the credit analyst will complete an evaluation of the collateral (for collateral-dependent loans) based upon the estimated collateral value, adjusting for current market conditions and other local factors that may affect collateral value. Loan review personnel may also complete an independent impairment analysis when deemed necessary. These judgmental evaluations may produce an initial specific allowance for placement in the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses calculation. Impairment analysis for the underlying collateral value is completed in the last month of the quarter.   The impairment analysis worksheets are reviewed by the Credit Administration department prior to quarter-end. The board of directors of the Bank on a quarterly basis reviews the classified/watch reports including changes in credit grades of 5 or higher as well as all impaired loans, the related allowances and foreclosed assets, net.

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The review process also provides for the upgrade of loans that show improvement since the last review. All requests for an upgrade of a credit are approved by the loan strategy committee before the rating can be changed.

Restructured Loans

We restructure loans for our customers who appear to be able to meet the terms of their loan over the long term, but who may be unable to meet the terms of the loan in the near term due to individual circumstances. We consider the customer’s past performance, previous and current credit history, the individual circumstances surrounding the current difficulties and their plan to meet the terms of the loan in the future prior to restructuring the terms of the loan. The following factors are indicators that a concession has been granted (one or multiple items may be present):

•The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining original life of the debt.

•The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.

•The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.

•The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).

•The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.

Generally, short-term deferral of required payments would not be considered a concession. Once a restructured loan has gone 90 days or more past due or is placed on nonaccrual status, it is included in the 90 days or more past due or nonaccrual totals.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company restructured no loans by granting concessions to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Our ACL as of March 31, 2020 was $51.2 million, which was 1.49% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income, as of that date. This compares with an ACL of $29.1 million as of December 31, 2019, which was 0.84% of loans held for investment, net of unearned income, as of that date. Gross charge-offs for the first three months of 2020 totaled $1.5 million, while there were $0.3 million in recoveries of previously charged-off loans. The increase in the ACL due to the adoption of the CECL accounting guidance, which included a one-time cumulative effect adjustment for credit losses associated with the acquired loan portfolio that was previously excluded, in addition to changes in current and forecasted conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework requires that management's estimate reflects credit losses over the full remaining expected life of each credit and considers expected future changes in macroeconomic conditions. The adoption resulted in the recognition of a day 1 transition adjustment of $4.0 million related to the allowance for credit losses for loans. In addition, as part of the adoption of CECL, effective January 1, 2020, the Company recognized a day 1 adjustment of $3.4 million related to the recognition of a liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures. The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures totaled $5.8 million as of March 31, 2020 and is included in 'Other liabilities' on the balance sheet. See Note 2. Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards for additional information on the Company's adoption of CECL.

The Company also recorded within credit loss expense a provision of $19.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The ratio of annualized net loan charge offs to average loans for the first three months of 2020 was 0.14% compared to 0.23% for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the ACL was 105.2% of nonperforming loans compared with 63.2% as of December 31, 2019. This increase in the ratio of the ACL was due to an increased provision that was driven by the deterioration in current and forecasted economic conditions, largely as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the inherent risk in the loan portfolio, management believed that as of March 31, 2020, the ACL was adequate; however, there is no assurance losses will not exceed the allowance, and any growth in the loan portfolio or uncertainty in the general economy will require that management continue to evaluate the adequacy of the ACL and make additional provisions in future periods as deemed necessary.

At March 31, 2020, a macroeconomic forecast used by the Company showed a significant increase in Midwest unemployment, significant decreases in national retail sales, the CRE index, and US GDP, and moderate increases in the national home price index and US rental vacancy rate for the first forecasted quarter. The forecast projected a gradual improvement in the Midwest unemployment, national retail sales, and US GDP forecasts over the next three quarters with these loss drivers remaining significantly worse compared to recent historical trends over the past several years. The Company's CRE index and US rental vacancy rate forecasts project further decline over the next two quarters before a gradual improvement. The Company's national home price index forecast remains favorable over the next three quarters. The significant change in current and forecasted conditions was largely a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Bank carefully monitors the loan portfolio and continues to emphasize the importance of credit quality while continuously strengthening loan monitoring systems and controls. The Bank reviews the ACL quantitative and qualitative methodology on a

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quarterly basis and makes adjustments when appropriate to maintain adequate reserves. Management estimates that approximately $14.2 million of the credit loss expense for the three months ending March 31, 2020 is attributable to the change in forecasted conditions, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.

We review all nonaccrual loans greater than $250,000 individually on a quarterly basis to estimate the appropriate allowance due to collateral deficiency or insufficient cash-flow based on a discounted cash-flow analysis. At March 31, 2020, TDRs were not a material portion of the loan portfolio. We review loans 90 days or more past due that are still accruing interest no less than quarterly to determine if there is a strong reason that the credit should not be placed on non-accrual.

Capital Resources

Total shareholders’ equity was $500.6 million as of March 31, 2020, compared to $509.0 million as of December 31, 2019, a decrease of $8.4 million, or 1.7%. This decrease was primarily attributable to decrease in retained earnings, which was due to the net loss of $2.0 million for the first three months of 2020, a $5.4 million negative adjustment for the cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, and dividends paid of $3.6 million, offset by a $2.5 million increase in accumulated other comprehensive income due to market value adjustments on investment securities AFS and changes in the cash flow hedge. In addition, there was a $2.1 million increase in treasury stock due to the repurchase of 95,340 shares of Company common stock at a cost of $2.6 million, partially offset by the issuance of 22,946 shares of Company common stock in connection with stock compensation plans during the first three months of 2020. The total shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio was 10.51% at March 31, 2020, down from 10.94% at December 31, 2019. The tangible equity to tangible assets ratio (a non-GAAP financial measure) was 8.11% at March 31, 2020, compared with 8.50% at December 31, 2019. Book value was $31.11 per share at March 31, 2020, a decrease from $31.49 per share at December 31, 2019. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP financial measure) was $23.39 at March 31, 2020, a decrease from $23.81 per share at December 31, 2019.

Our Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was 10.25% as of March 31, 2020 and was 10.47% as of December 31, 2019. Risk-based capital guidelines require the classification of assets and some off-balance-sheet items in terms of credit-risk exposure and the measuring of capital as a percentage of the risk-adjusted asset totals. Management believed that, as of March 31, 2020, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject. As of that date, the Bank was “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions. See Note 14. Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our capital.

On February 15, 2020, 48,066 restricted stock units were granted to certain officers of the Company. Additionally, during the first three months of 2020, 26,855 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of previously awarded grants of restricted stock units, of which 3,909 shares were surrendered by grantees to satisfy tax requirements, and no unvested restricted stock units were forfeited.

Liquidity

Liquidity management involves meeting the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers. We conduct liquidity management on both a daily and long-term basis, and adjust our investments in liquid assets based on expected loan demand, projected loan maturities and payments, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-bearing deposits, and the objectives of our asset/liability management program.

We had liquid assets (cash and cash equivalents) of $125.5 million as of March 31, 2020, compared with $73.5 million as of December 31, 2019. Interest-bearing deposits in banks at March 31, 2020, were $58.3 million, an increase of $52.2 million from $6.1 million at December 31, 2019. Debt securities classified as AFS, totaling $881.9 million and $786.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, could be sold to meet liquidity needs if necessary. Additionally, the Bank maintains unsecured lines of credit with several correspondent banks and secured lines with the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window and the FHLB that would allow us to borrow funds on a short-term basis, if necessary.

Generally, our principal sources of funds are deposits, advances from the FHLB, principal repayments on loans, proceeds from sale of loans, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities, our federal funds lines, and funds provided by operations. While scheduled loan amortization and maturing interest-bearing deposits in banks are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by economic conditions, the general level of interest rates, and competition. We utilize particular sources of funds based on comparative costs and availability.

As of March 31, 2020, we had $30.5 million of long-term debt outstanding to an unaffiliated banking organization. See Note 11. Long-Term Debt to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our long-term debt. We also have $41.6 million of indebtedness payable under junior subordinated notes issued to subsidiary trusts that issued trust preferred securities in pooled offerings, and $10.9 million payable under subordinated debentures. See Note 11. Long-Term Debt to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our junior subordinated notes.

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Inflation

The effects of price changes and inflation can vary substantially for most financial institutions. While management believes that inflation affects the growth of total assets, it is difficult to assess its overall impact on the Company. The price of one or more of the components of the Consumer Price Index may fluctuate considerably and thereby influence the overall Consumer Price Index without having a corresponding effect on interest rates or upon the cost of those goods and services normally purchased by us. In years of high inflation and high interest rates, intermediate and long-term interest rates tend to increase, thereby adversely impacting the market values of investment securities, mortgage loans and other long-term fixed rate loans held by financial institutions. In addition, higher short-term interest rates caused by inflation tend to increase financial institutions’ cost of funds. In other years, the reverse situation may occur.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

During the normal course of business, we are a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. We follow the same credit policy (including requiring collateral, if deemed appropriate) to make such commitments as is followed for those loans that are recorded in our financial statements.

Our exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance is represented by the contractual amount of the commitments. Management does not expect any significant losses as a result of these commitments, and also expects to have sufficient liquidity available to cover these off-balance-sheet instruments. Off-balance-sheet transactions are more fully discussed in Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations existing at December 31, 2019, as disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2020.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We disclose certain non-GAAP ratios, including return on average tangible equity, the ratio of tangible common equity, tangible book value per share, tangible common equity ratio, return on average tangible equity, net interest margin (tax equivalent), core net interest margin, efficiency ratio, and pre-tax pre-provision net revenue. Management believes these measures provide investors with useful information regarding the Company's profitability, financial condition and capital adequacy, consistent with how management evaluates the Company's financial performance.

The following tables provide a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP equivalents for the periods indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Return on Average Tangible Equity	2020			2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Net (loss) income	$	(1,975)		$	7,285
Intangible amortization, net of tax (1)	1,521			357
Tangible net income	$	(454)		$	7,642
Average shareholders' equity	$	515,169		$	359,403
Average intangible assets, net	(122,948)			(74,293)
Average tangible equity	$	392,221		$	285,110
Return on average equity	(1.54)		%	8.22		%
Return on average tangible equity (2)	(0.47)		%	10.87		%
(1) Computed assuming a combined marginal income tax rate of 25%.
(2) Annualized tangible net income divided by average tangible equity.

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Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Book Value per Share / Tangible Common Equity Ratio	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Total shareholders’ equity	$	500,564		$	508,982
Intangible assets, net	(124,167)			(124,136)
Tangible common equity	$	376,397		$	384,846
Total assets	$	4,763,909		$	4,653,573
Intangible assets, net	(124,167)			(124,136)
Tangible assets	$	4,639,742		$	4,529,437
Book value per share	$	31.11		$	31.49
Tangible book value per share (1)	$	23.39		$	23.81
Shares outstanding	16,089,782			16,162,176
Equity to assets ratio	10.51		%	10.94		%
Tangible common equity ratio (2)	8.11		%	8.50		%
(1) Tangible common equity divided by shares outstanding.
(2) Tangible common equity divided by tangible assets.

	Three Months Ended
Net Interest Margin, Tax Equivalent/Core Net Interest Margin	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Net interest income	$	37,406		$	25,976
Tax equivalent adjustments:
Loans (1)	497			273
Securities (1)	395			366
Net interest income, tax equivalent	$	38,298		$	26,615
Loan purchase discount accretion	(3,023)			(586)
Core net interest income	$	35,275		$	26,029
Net interest margin	3.51		%	3.48		%
Net interest margin, tax equivalent (2)	3.60		%	3.56		%
Core net interest margin (3)	3.31		%	3.48		%
Average interest earning assets	$	4,283,268		$	3,029,707
(1) The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.
(2) Annualized tax equivalent net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.
(3) Annualized core net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

	For the Three Months Ended
Efficiency Ratio	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Total noninterest expense	$	30,001		$	20,617
Amortization of intangibles	(2,028)			(452)
Merger-related expenses	(54)			(167)
Noninterest expense used for efficiency ratio	27,919			19,998
Net interest income, tax equivalent(1)	$	38,298		$	26,615
Noninterest income	10,155			5,410
Investment security gains, net	(42)			(17)
Net revenues used for efficiency ratio	48,411			32,008
Efficiency ratio	57.67		%	62.48		%
(1) The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 21%.

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	For the Three Months Ended
Pre-tax Pre-provision Net Revenue	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Net interest income	$	37,406	$	25,976
Noninterest income	10,155		5,410
Noninterest expense	(30,001)		(20,617)
Pre-tax Pre-provision Net Revenue	$	17,560	$	10,769

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

In general, market risk is the risk of change in asset values due to movements in underlying market rates and prices. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and capital arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting the Company as other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, play a lesser role in the normal course of our business activities.

In addition to interest rate risk, economic conditions in recent years have made liquidity risk (in particular, funding liquidity risk) a more prevalent concern among financial institutions. In general, liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to fund an entity’s obligations to creditors (including, in the case of banks, obligations to depositors) as such obligations become due or to fund its acquisition of assets.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity refers to our ability to fund operations, to meet depositor withdrawals, to provide for our customers’ credit needs, and to meet maturing obligations and existing commitments. Our liquidity principally depends on cash flows from operating activities, investment in and maturity of assets, changes in balances of deposits and borrowings, and our ability to borrow funds.

Net cash inflows from operating activities were $21.4 million in the first three months of 2020, compared with $11.7 million in the first three months of 2019. The primary contributor to the increase for the first three months of 2020, compared with the first three months of 2019 was due to the Company's significant increase in credit loss expense.

Net cash outflows from investing activities were $62.5 million in the first three months of 2020, compared to net cash outflows of $20.6 million in the comparable three-month period of 2019. Investment securities transactions resulted in net cash outflows of $92.1 million the first three months of 2020 compared to outflows of $14.1 million during the same period of 2019. Net cash inflows related to the net decrease in loans were $27.8 million for the first three months of 2020, compared with $6.4 million of net cash outflows for the same period of 2019.

Net cash inflows from financing activities in the first three months of 2020 were $93.1 million, compared with net cash inflows of $6.5 million for the same period of 2019. Uses of cash were highlighted by a net decrease of $21.8 million in long-term debt, a net decrease of $9.9 million in short-term borrowings, and $3.6 million to pay dividends. The largest financing cash inflows during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was an increase of $131.1 million in deposits.

To further mitigate liquidity risk, the Bank has several sources of liquidity in place to maximize funding availability and increase the diversification of funding sources. The criteria for evaluating the use of these sources include volume concentration (percentage of liabilities), cost, volatility, and the fit with the current asset/liability management plan. These acceptable sources of liquidity include:

•Federal Funds Lines

•Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window

•FHLB Borrowings

•Brokered Deposits

•Brokered Repurchase Agreements

Federal Funds Lines: Routine liquidity requirements are met by fluctuations in the federal funds positions of the Bank. The principal function of these funds is to maintain short-term liquidity. Unsecured federal funds purchased are viewed as a volatile liability and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. The current federal funds purchased limit is 10% of total assets, or the amount of established federal funds lines, whichever is smaller. Currently, the Bank has unsecured federal funds lines available totaling $170.0 million, which lines are tested annually to ensure availability.

Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window: The Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window is another source of liquidity, particularly during difficult economic times. The Bank has a borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago limited by the amount of municipal securities pledged against the line. As of March 31, 2020, the Bank had municipal securities with an approximate market value of $68.3 million pledged for liquidity purposes, and had a borrowing capacity of $61.5 million.

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FHLB Borrowings: FHLB borrowings provide both a source of liquidity and long-term funding for the Bank. Use of this type of funding is coordinated with both the strategic balance sheet growth projections and interest rate risk profile of the Bank. Factors that are taken into account when contemplating use of FHLB borrowings are the effective interest rate, the collateral requirements, community investment program credits, and the implications and cost of having to purchase incremental FHLB stock. The current FHLB borrowing limit is 45% of total assets. As of March 31, 2020, the Bank had $125.7 million in outstanding FHLB borrowings, leaving $449.0 million available for liquidity needs, based on collateral capacity. These borrowings are secured by various real estate loans (residential, commercial and agricultural).

Brokered Deposits: The Bank has brokered certificate of deposit lines and deposit relationships available to help diversify its various funding sources. Brokered deposits offer several benefits relative to other funding sources, such as: maturity structures which cannot be duplicated in the current retail market, deposit gathering which does not cannibalize the existing deposit base, the unsecured nature of these liabilities, and the ability to quickly generate funds. However, brokered deposits are often viewed as a volatile liability by banking regulators and market participants. This viewpoint, and the desire to not develop a large funding concentration in any one area outside of the Bank’s core market area, is reflected in an internal policy stating that the Bank limit the use of brokered deposits as a funding source to no more than 10% of total assets. Board approval is required to exceed this limit. The Bank will also have to maintain a “well capitalized” standing to access brokered deposits, as an “adequately capitalized” rating would require an FDIC waiver to do so, and an “undercapitalized” rating would prohibit it from using brokered deposits altogether.

Brokered Repurchase Agreements: Brokered repurchase agreements may be established with approved brokerage firms and banks. Repurchase agreements create rollover risk (the risk that a broker will discontinue the relationship due to market factors) and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Collateral requirements and availability are evaluated and monitored. The current policy limit for brokered repurchase agreements is 10% of total assets. There were no outstanding brokered repurchase agreements at March 31, 2020.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure of net interest income and fair value of financial instruments (interest-earning assets, deposits and borrowings) to movements in interest rates. The Company’s results of operations depend to a large degree on its net interest income and its ability to manage interest rate risk. The Company considers interest rate risk to be one of its more significant market risks. The major sources of the Company’s interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in customer behavior and changes in relationships between rate indices (basis risk). Management measures these risks and their impact in various ways, including through the use of income simulation and valuation analyses. The interest rate scenarios used in such analysis may include gradual or rapid changes in interest rates, spread narrowing and widening, yield curve twists and changes in assumptions about customer behavior in various interest rate scenarios. A mismatch between maturities, interest rate sensitivities and prepayment characteristics of assets and liabilities results in interest-rate risk. Like most financial institutions, we have material interest-rate risk exposure to changes in both short-term and long-term interest rates, as well as variable interest rate indices (e.g., the prime rate or LIBOR). There has been no material change in the Company’s interest rate profile between March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The mix of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities has remained stable over the period.

The Bank’s asset and liability committee meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing its interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. Our asset and liability committee seeks to manage interest  rate  risk  under a  variety of rate  environments  by structuring  our balance sheet and off-balance-sheet positions in such a way that changes in interest rates do not have a large negative impact. The risk is monitored and managed within approved policy limits.

We use a third-party service to model and measure our exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical  changes  in  market interest  rates,  numerous  other  assumptions  are  made, such  as  prepayment  speeds  on  loans  and securities backed by mortgages, the  slope  of the Treasury yield-curve, the  rates  and volumes of our deposits, and the  rates  and volumes of our loans. There are two primary tools used to evaluate interest rate risk: net interest income simulation and economic value of equity ("EVE"). In addition, interest rate gap is reviewed to monitor asset and liability repricing over various time periods.

Net Interest Income Simulation: Management utilizes net interest income simulation models to estimate the near-term effects of changing interest rates on its net interest income. Net interest income simulation involves projecting net interest income under a variety of scenarios, which include varying the level of interest rates and shifts in the shape of the yield curve. Management exercises its best judgment in making assumptions regarding events that management can influence, such as non-contractual

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deposit re-pricings, and events outside management’s control, such as customer behavior on loan and deposit activity and the effect that competition has on both loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are subjective and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors. We perform various sensitivity analyses on assumptions of deposit attrition and deposit re-pricing.

The following table presents the anticipated effect on net interest income over a twelve month period if short- and long-term interest rates were to sustain an immediate decrease of 100 basis points or 200 basis points, or an immediate increase of 100 basis points or 200 basis points:

	Immediate Change in Rates
(dollars in thousands)	-200			-100			+100			+200
March 31, 2020
Dollar change	N/A			N/A			$	1,382		$	1,841
Percent change	N/A			N/A			1.0		%	1.3		%
December 31, 2019
Dollar change	$	1,302		$	101		$	(638)		$	(2,354)
Percent change	0.9		%	0.1		%	(0.5)		%	(1.7)		%

As of March 31, 2020, 48.8% of the Company’s earning asset balances will reprice or are expected to pay down in the next twelve months, and 42.3% of the Company’s deposit balances are low cost or no cost deposits.

Economic Value of Equity: Management also uses EVE to measure risk in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation analysis. Net interest income simulation highlights exposure over a relatively short time period, while EVE analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows. EVE analysis addresses only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the run-off replacement assumptions that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, EVE analysis is based on key assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows and does not take into account any potential responses by management to anticipated changes in interest rates.

Interest Rate Gap: The interest rate gap is the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities re-pricing within a given period and represents the net asset or liability sensitivity at a point in time. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as loan prepayments, early withdrawals of deposits, changes in the correlation of various interest-bearing instruments, competition, or a rise or decline in interest rates.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of certain members of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we completed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report with respect to timely communication to them and other members of management responsible for preparing periodic reports of material information required to be disclosed in this report as it relates to the Company and our consolidated subsidiaries.

The effectiveness of our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors or fraud or ensure that all material information will be made known to appropriate management in a timely fashion. By their nature, our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management’s control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We implemented internal controls to ensure we adequately evaluated our contracts and properly assessed the impact of new accounting standards related to the current expected credit loss methodology on our financial statements to facilitate its adoption on January 1, 2020. There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting due to the adoption of the new standard.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time parties to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We believe that there are no threatened or pending proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, against the Company or its subsidiaries or of which any of their property is the subject, which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business or financial condition of the Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the following risk factors apply to the Company:

The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19"), or other such epidemic, pandemic, or outbreak of a highly contagious disease, occurring in the United States or in the geographies in which we conduct operations could adversely affect the Company’s business operations, asset valuations, financial condition, and results of operations.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) has adversely impacted, or an outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases could adversely impact, certain industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impaired their ability to fulfill their obligations to the Company. Further, the spread of the outbreak, could lead to an economic recession and other severe disruptions in the U.S. economy and may disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company.

The spread of highly infectious or contagious diseases could cause, and the spread of COVID-19 has caused, severe disruptions in the U.S. economy at large, and for small businesses in particular, which could disrupt the Company’s operations. We are starting to see the impact from COVID-19 on our business, and we believe that it will be significant, adverse, and potentially material. Currently, COVID-19 is spreading through the United States and the world. The resulting concerns on the part of the U.S. and global populations have created the threat of a recession, reduced economic activity, and caused a significant correction in the global stock markets. We expect that we will experience significant disruptions across our business due to these effects, leading to decreased earnings and significant slowdowns in our loan collections or loan defaults.

COVID-19 may impact businesses’ and consumers’ financial ability to borrow money, which would negatively impact loan volumes. In addition, certain of our borrowers are in or have exposure to the retail, hospitality, restaurants, healthcare/senior living, and arts and entertainment industries and/or are located in areas that are quarantined or under stay-at-home orders, and COVID-19 may also have an adverse effect on our commercial real estate and consumer loan portfolios. A prolonged quarantine or stay-at-home order would have a negative adverse impact on these borrowers and their revenue streams, which consequently impacts their ability to meet their financial obligations and could result in loan defaults.

The outbreak of COVID-19 or an outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases has resulted in, or may result in, a decrease in our customers’ businesses, a decrease in consumer confidence and business generally, an increase in unemployment or a disruption in the services provided by the Company’s vendors. Disruptions to our customers could result in increased risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans, negatively impact regional economic conditions, result in declines in local loan demand, liquidity of loan guarantors, loan collateral (particularly in real estate), loan originations and deposit availability and negatively impact the implementation of our growth strategy.

The Company relies upon its third-party vendors to conduct business and to process, record, and monitor transactions. If any of these vendors are unable to continue to provide the Company with these services, it could negatively impact the Company’s ability to serve its customers. Furthermore, the outbreak could negatively impact the ability of the Company’s employees and customers to engage in banking and other financial transactions in the geographic areas in which the Company operates and could create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. The Company also could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were to become unavailable due to the effects and restrictions of a COVID-19 outbreak in our market areas. Although the Company has business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance that such plans and safeguards will be effective.

We believe that the economic impact from COVID-19 will be severe and could have a material and adverse impact on our business and that it could result in significant losses in our loan portfolio, all of which would adversely and materially impact our earnings and capital.

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Our accounting estimates and risk management processes rely on analytical and forecasting models.

The processes that we use to estimate expected credit losses and to measure the fair value of assets carried on the balance sheet at fair value, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, depend upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models are complex and reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we have processes and procedures in place governing internal valuation models and their testing and calibration, such assumptions are complex as we must make judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Different assumptions could have resulted in significant changes in valuation, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (2)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs
January 1 - 31, 2020	5,000	$	32.40	5,000	$	8,833,700
February 1 - 29, 2020	24,768	30.63		24,768	8,075,141
March 1 - 31, 2020	65,572	25.68		65,572	6,391,277
Total	95,340	$	27.32	95,340	$	6,391,277

(1) Common shares repurchased by the Company during the quarter related to shares repurchased under the 2019 program announced on August 22, 2019.

(2) On August 20, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of common stock through December 31, 2021. The new repurchase program replaced the Company’s prior repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company had repurchased 174,702 shares of common stock for approximately $4.7 million since the plan was announced in October 2018. The prior program had authorized the repurchase of $5.0 million of stock and was due to expire on December 31, 2020.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number	Description	Incorporated by Reference to:
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
101	The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.	Filed herewith
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Filed herewith
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Filed herewith
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	Filed herewith
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Dated:	May 8, 2020	By:	/s/ CHARLES N. FUNK
			Charles N. Funk
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
		By:	/s/ BARRY S. RAY
			Barry S. Ray
			Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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