LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | Following is a summary of loans at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: June 30, December 31, (In thousands) 2017 2016 Construction and land development $ 70,661 $ 79,738 Commercial real estate: Non-farm, non-residential 433,486 365,569 Owner occupied 202,982 186,892 Multifamily, nonresidential and junior liens 106,106 89,191 Total commercial real estate 742,574 641,652 Consumer real estate: Home equity lines 87,229 87,489 Secured by 1-4 family residential, secured by first deeds of trust 231,903 195,343 Secured by 1-4 family residential, secured by second deeds of trust 4,712 4,289 Total consumer real estate 323,844 287,121 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 181,643 170,709 Consumer and other 20,840 11,542 Total loans 1,339,562 1,190,762 Deferred loan costs 298 518 Allowance for loan losses (8,921 ) (7,909 ) Net loans $ 1,330,939 $ 1,183,371 A further breakdown of the make-up of the construction and land development and commercial real estate portfolio at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows: June 30, December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Construction and land development: Land $ 12,115 $ 12,595 Residential 29,684 36,253 Commercial 28,862 30,890 Total construction and land development $ 70,661 $ 79,738 Commercial real estate: Non-farm, non-residential: Office $ 137,771 $ 108,228 Industrial 33,240 36,264 Hotel/motel 32,054 28,453 Retail 193,781 165,434 Special purpose/Other 36,640 27,190 Total commercial real estate 433,486 365,569 Owner occupied : Office 66,448 60,500 Industrial 52,698 46,876 Retail 30,965 31,085 Special purpose/Other 52,871 48,431 Total owner occupied 202,982 186,892 Multifamily, nonresidential and junior liens 106,106 89,191 Total commercial real estate $ 742,574 $ 641,652 Loans are primarily made in the Research Triangle and Charlotte areas of North Carolina. Real estate loans can be affected by the condition of the local real estate market. Commercial and installment loans can be affected by the local economic conditions. Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: Commercial & Industrial Construction Consumer Loans Not and Land Commercial Real Secured By Consumer Total (In thousands) Development Real Estate Estate Real Estate & Other Loans Three months ended June 30, 2017 Beginning balance $ 490 $ 3,968 $ 1,939 $ 1,646 $ 82 $ 8,125 Provision for loan losses (225 ) 273 87 481 34 650 Loans charged off — — — — — — Recoveries 138 — — 8 — 146 Net (chargeoffs) recoveries 138 — — 8 — 146 Ending balance $ 403 $ 4,241 $ 2,026 $ 2,135 $ 116 $ 8,921 Six months ended June 30, 2017 Beginning balance $ 486 $ 3,719 $ 1,900 $ 1,728 $ 76 $ 7,909 Provision for loan losses (230 ) 494 126 366 53 809 Loans charged off — — — (10 ) (13 ) (23 ) Recoveries 147 28 — 51 — 226 Net (chargeoffs) recoveries 147 28 — 41 (13 ) 203 Ending balance $ 403 $ 4,241 $ 2,026 $ 2,135 $ 116 $ 8,921 Three months ended June 30, 2016 Beginning balance $ 523 $ 3,072 $ 1,972 $ 1,790 $ 574 $ 7,931 Provision for loan losses (125 ) 187 (88 ) 492 (466 ) — Loans charged off — — — — (1 ) (1 ) Recoveries 8 19 3 25 1 56 Net recoveries 8 19 3 25 — 55 Ending balance $ 406 $ 3,278 $ 1,887 $ 2,307 $ 108 $ 7,986 Six months ended June 30, 2016 Beginning balance $ 509 $ 3,156 $ 2,046 $ 1,786 $ 144 $ 7,641 Provision for loan losses (340 ) 66 (165 ) 485 (46 ) — Loans charged off — — — — (1 ) (1 ) Recoveries 237 56 6 36 11 346 Net recoveries 237 56 6 36 10 345 Ending balance $ 406 $ 3,278 $ 1,887 $ 2,307 $ 108 $ 7,986 The balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment are based on the impairment method as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and were as follows: Commercial & Industrial Construction Consumer Loans Not and Land Commercial Real Secured By Consumer Total (in thousands) Development Real Estate Estate Real Estate & Other Loans June 30, 2017 Allowance for Loan Losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 45 $ 781 $ — $ 826 Collectively evaluated for impairment 403 4,241 1,981 1,354 116 8,095 Total ending allowance $ 403 $ 4,241 $ 2,026 $ 2,135 $ 116 $ 8,921 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 118 $ 307 $ 374 $ 2,077 $ — $ 2,876 Collectively evaluated for impairment 70,543 742,267 323,470 179,566 20,840 1,336,686 Total ending loans $ 70,661 $ 742,574 $ 323,844 $ 181,643 $ 20,840 $ 1,339,562 (in thousands) December 31, 2016 Allowance for Loan Losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 223 $ 286 $ — $ 509 Collectively evaluated for impairment 486 3,719 1,677 1,442 76 7,400 Total ending allowance $ 486 $ 3,719 $ 1,900 $ 1,728 $ 76 $ 7,909 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 125 $ 836 $ 1,121 $ 1,139 $ — $ 3,221 Collectively evaluated for impairment 79,613 640,816 286,000 169,570 11,542 1,187,541 Total ending loans $ 79,738 $ 641,652 $ 287,121 $ 170,709 $ 11,542 $ 1,190,762 Loans are charged down or off as soon as the Company determines that the full principal balance due under any loan becomes uncollectible. The amount of the charge is determined as follows: ● If unsecured, the loan must be charged off in full. ● If secured, the outstanding principal balance of the loan should be charged down to the net realizable value of the collateral. Loans are considered uncollectible when: ● No regularly scheduled payment has been made within four months unless fully secured and in the process of collection. ● The collateral value is insufficient to cover the outstanding indebtedness and it is unlikely the borrower will have the ability to pay the debt in a timely manner. ● The loan is unsecured, the borrower files for bankruptcy protection and there is no other (guarantor, etc.) support from an entity outside of the bankruptcy proceedings. Impaired loans totaled $2.9 million and $3.2 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Included in the $2.9 million at June 30, 2017 is $600,000 of loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). Included in the $3.2 million at December 31, 2016 is $1.3 million of loans classified as TDRs. A modification of a loan’s terms constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. All TDRs are considered impaired. The following table provides information on performing and nonperforming TDRs as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: June 30, December 31, (In thousands) 2017 2016 Performing TDRs: Commercial real estate $ 296 $ 520 Consumer real estate — 338 Commercial and industrial loans — 297 Total performing TDRs 296 1,155 Nonperforming TDRs: Construction and land development 118 125 Consumer real estate 186 58 Total nonperformingTDRs 304 183 Total TDRs $ 600 $ 1,338 During the first six months of 2017, two of the six loans that were designated TDRs as of December 31, 2016 totaling $389,000 were paid off. The largest of these for $388,000 was a residential real estate loan. Another commercial real estate loan totaling $125,000 was refinanced and is no longer considered a TDR as the loan was refinanced at market terms. The remaining three loans are all performing as agreed. The Bank added one new TDR loan in February, a $130,000 business loan secured by residential property due to a restructure of the loan payment terms in response to borrower’s financial difficulties. That loan continues to perform as agreed since restructure. In order to quantify the value of any impairment, the Company evaluates loans individually. At June 30, 2017, the Company had $2.9 million of impaired loans. The detail of loans evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2017 is presented below: Unpaid Contractual (in thousands Recorded Principal Allocated June 30, 2017 Investment Balance Allowance Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Construction and land development $ 118 $ 165 $ Commercial real estate 307 307 - Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Consumer real estate 374 432 45 Commercial and industrial loans 2,077 2,108 781 Total $ 2,876 $ 3,012 $ 826 At December 31, 2016, the Company had $3.2 million of impaired loans. The detail of loans evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2016 is presented below: Unpaid Contractual (in thousands Recorded Principal Allocated December 31, 2016 Investment Balance Allowance Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Construction and land development $ 125 $ 195 $ Commercial real estate 836 836 - Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Consumer real estate 1,121 1,152 223 Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate) 1,139 1,382 286 Total $ 3,221 $ 3,565 $ 509 The average recorded investment balance of impaired loans for the three- and six-month periods ending June 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2017 2016 Average Interest Average Interest Balance Income Balance Income Construction and land development $ 119 $ — $ 133 $ — Commercial real estate 307 3 1,113 13 Consumer real estate 491 3 404 4 Commercial and industrial loans 1,929 22 2,671 17 Consumer and other — — 13 — Total securities gains $ 2,846 $ 28 $ 4,334 $ 34 Six months ended June 30, 2017 2016 Average Interest Average Interest Balance Income Balance Income Construction and land development $ 121 $ — $ 182 $ — Commercial real estate 570 13 1,633 37 Consumer real estate 611 9 406 9 Commercial and industrial loans 1,504 32 1,618 47 Consumer and other — — 17 — Total securities gains $ 2,806 $ 54 $ 3,856 $ 93 When the Company cannot reasonably expect full and timely repayment of principal and interest of its loan, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. The Company will continue to track the contractual interest for purposes of customer reporting and any potential litigation or later collection of the loan but accrual of interest for the Company’s financial statement purposes is to be discontinued. Subsequent payments of interest can be recognized as income on a cash basis provided that full collection of principal is expected. Otherwise, all payments received are to be applied to principal only. At the time of nonaccrual, past due or accrued interest is reversed from income. Loans over 90 days past due will be placed on nonaccrual status. Loans that are less delinquent may also be placed on nonaccrual status if full collection of principal and interest is unlikely. The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by portfolio segment as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: Nonaccrual June 30, December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Construction and land development $ 118 $ 125 Commercial real state — 783 Consumer real estate 374 — Commercial and industrial loans — 60 Total $ 492 $ 968 There were no loans 90 days or more past due and accruing interest at June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by portfolio segment: Greater 30 - 59 60 - 89 than 90 Days Days Days Total (in thousands) Past Past Past Non- Past Total June 30, 2017 Due Due Due Accrual Due Current Loans Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ 118 $ 118 $ 70,543 $ 70,661 Commercial real estate — — — — — 742,574 742,574 Consumer real estate — — — 374 374 323,470 323,844 Commercial and industrial loans — — — — — 181,643 181,643 Consumer and other — — — — — 20,840 20,840 Total $ — $ — $ — $ 492 $ 492 $ 1,339,070 $ 1,339,562 Greater 30 - 59 60 - 89 than 90 Days Days Days Total (in thousands) Past Past Past Non- Past Total December 31, 2016 Due Due Due Accrual Due Current Loans Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ 125 $ 125 $ 79,613 $ 79,738 Commercial real estate — — — — — 641,652 641,652 Consumer real estate — — — 783 783 286,338 287,121 Commercial and industrial loans — — — 60 60 170,649 170,709 Consumer and other — — — — — 11,542 11,542 Total $ — $ — $ — $ 968 $ 968 $ 1,189,794 $ 1,190,762 Credit Quality Indicators The Company utilizes a nine-point grading system in order to evaluate the level of inherent risk in the loan portfolio as part of its allowance for loan losses methodology. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are grouped by loan type and, in the case of commercial and construction loans, by risk rating. Each loan type is assigned an allowance factor based on risk grade, historical loss experience, economic conditions, overall portfolio quality including delinquency rates and commercial real estate loan concentrations (as applicable). As risk grades increase, additional reserves are applied stated in basis points in order to account for the added inherent risk. The Company categorizes all business and commercial purpose loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by setting the risk grade at the inception of a loan through the approval process. A certain percentage of loan dollars is reviewed each year by a third party loan review function. The risk rating process is inherently subjective and based upon management’s evaluation of the specific facts and circumstances for individual borrowers. As such, the assigned risk ratings are subject to change based upon changes in borrower status and changes in the external environment affecting the borrower. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: ● Risk Grade 1 – Minimal ● Risk Grade 2 – Modest ● Risk Grade 3 – Average ● Risk Grade 4 – Acceptable - ● Risk Grade 5 - Acceptable with Care ● Risk Grade 6 - Special Mention or Critical - o Repayment performance has not been demonstrated to prudent standards; o Repayment performance is inconsistent and highly se o Fatal documentation errors and; o Performing as agreed without documented capacity or collateral protection. ● Risk Grade 7 – Substandard - ● Risk Grade 8 – Doubtful - o Injection of capital; o Alternative financing; o Liquidation of assets or the pledging of additional collateral. The ability of the borrower to service the debt is extremely weak, overdue status is constant, the debt has been placed on nonaccrual status and no definite repayment schedule exists. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. There were no loans rated as doubtful as of June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016. ● Risk Grade 9 – Loss Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the worthless loan even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows: Risk Grade (in thousands) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total June 30, 2017 Construction and land development $ — $ 417 $ 1,189 $ 26,200 $ 42,695 $ 42 $ 118 $ 70,661 Commercial real estate — 210 270,566 362,522 92,486 16,790 — 742,574 Consumer real estate 48 27,908 149,905 107,810 36,662 1,137 374 323,844 Commercial and industrial loans 6,899 1,123 25,252 110,526 35,541 229 2,073 181,643 Consumer and other 782 3,466 2,363 13,061 1,168 — — 20,840 Total $ 7,729 $ 33,124 $ 449,275 $ 620,119 $ 208,552 $ 18,198 $ 2,565 $ 1,339,562 Risk Grade (in thousands) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total December 31, 2016 Construction and land development $ — $ 1,005 $ 911 $ 22,901 $ 54,601 $ 195 $ 125 $ 79,738 Commercial real estate — 539 223,549 311,711 87,443 18,500 — 641,652 Consumer real estate 50 19,247 130,748 102,137 33,013 1,143 783 287,121 Commercial and industrial loans 2,133 1,525 32,304 104,019 29,035 556 1,137 170,709 Consumer and other 1,160 730 1,086 7,392 1,174 — — 11,542 Total $ 3,343 $ 23,046 $ 388,598 $ 548,160 $ 205,266 $ 20,394 $ 2,045 $ 1,190,762 |