Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition On October 1, 2018 , the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. Accordingly, the impact of adoption was recorded as an adjustment to Retained earnings as of October 1, 2018 and represents the difference between ASC 606 and ASC 605 applied to all open contracts with customers that were not completed as of September 30, 2018 . Under the modified retrospective method, results for reporting periods beginning after September 30, 2018 are presented under ASC 606 while prior period financial information is not adjusted and continues to be reported in accordance with ASC 605. The Company elected to use the contract modification practical expedient, whereby all contract modifications for each contract before October 1, 2018 are aggregated and evaluated at the adoption date. Impact of ASC 606 on Financial Statement Line Items The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 by financial statement line item within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019 is as follows: June 30, 2019 (In millions) As Reported Adjustments Without Adoption of ASC 606 ASSETS Inventory $ 71 $ 33 $ 104 Contract assets 178 (178 ) — Contract costs 128 (128 ) — Other current assets 149 100 249 Property, plant and equipment, net 243 1 244 Deferred income taxes, net 25 2 27 Other assets 109 (10 ) 99 LIABILITIES Accounts payable 292 (1 ) 291 Contract liabilities 470 48 518 Other current liabilities 130 4 134 Deferred income taxes, net 120 (29 ) 91 Other liabilities 390 2 392 STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Retained earnings (255 ) (204 ) (459 ) The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 by financial statement line item within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 is as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Nine months ended June 30, 2019 (In millions) As Reported Adjustments Without Adoption of ASC 606 As Reported Adjustments Without Adoption of ASC 606 REVENUE Products $ 297 $ (26 ) $ 271 $ 908 $ (71 ) $ 837 Services 420 (19 ) 401 1,256 (60 ) 1,196 717 (45 ) 672 2,164 (131 ) 2,033 COSTS Products: Costs 109 (4 ) 105 329 (13 ) 316 Amortization of technology intangible assets 43 — 43 130 — 130 Services 175 (7 ) 168 522 (20 ) 502 327 (11 ) 316 981 (33 ) 948 GROSS PROFIT 390 (34 ) 356 1,183 (98 ) 1,085 OPERATING EXPENSES Selling, general and administrative 253 (1 ) 252 761 3 764 Research and development 49 — 49 154 — 154 Amortization of intangible assets 41 — 41 122 — 122 Impairment charges 659 — 659 659 — 659 Restructuring charges, net 1 — 1 12 — 12 1,003 (1 ) 1,002 1,708 3 1,711 OPERATING LOSS (613 ) (33 ) (646 ) (525 ) (101 ) (626 ) Interest expense (59 ) — (59 ) (177 ) — (177 ) Other income, net 12 — 12 35 — 35 LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES (660 ) (33 ) (693 ) (667 ) (101 ) (768 ) Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 27 (37 ) (10 ) 30 (8 ) 22 NET LOSS $ (633 ) $ (70 ) $ (703 ) $ (637 ) $ (109 ) $ (746 ) The adoption of ASC 606 did not impact net cash provided by or used for operating, investing, or financing activities within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 . Revenue Recognition Policy The Company derives revenue primarily from the sale of products and services for communications systems and applications. The Company sells directly through its worldwide sales force and indirectly through its global network of channel partners, including distributors, service providers, dealers, value-added resellers, systems integrators and business partners that provide sales and services support. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company accounts for a customer contract when both parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, each party’s rights can be identified, payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance and it is at least probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it is entitled. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised products and services to customers. Judgment is required in instances where the Company’s contracts include multiple products and services to determine whether each should be accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The Company enters into contracts that include various combinations of products and services, each of which is generally capable of being distinct as well as distinct within the context of the contracts. Customer contracts are typically made pursuant to purchase orders and statements of work based on master purchase or partner agreements. Invoicing typically occurs upon customer acceptance or monthly for a series of services. Payment is due based on the Company’s standard payment terms which are typically within 30 to 60 days of invoice issuance. The Company does not typically provide financing arrangements to customers. For certain services and customer types, customers will remit payment before the services are provided. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company determined that contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing products and services, not to receive financing from or to provide financing to customers. Certain contracts include performance obligations accounted for as a series which also include variable consideration (primarily usage-based fees). For these arrangements, variable consideration is not estimated and allocated to the entire performance obligation, rather the variable fees are recognized in the period in which the usage occurs in accordance with the "right to invoice" practical expedient. The total transaction price for each contract is determined based on the total consideration specified in the contract, including variable consideration such as sales incentives and other discounts. The expected value method is generally used when estimating variable consideration, which typically reduces the total transaction price due to the nature of the elements to which the variable consideration relates. These estimates reflect the Company’s historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying patterns. The Company excludes from the transaction price all taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers. Accordingly, such tax amounts are not included as a component of net sales or cost of sales. The expected value method requires judgment and considers multiple factors that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation. Depending on the facts and circumstances, a change in variable consideration estimate will either be accounted for at the contract level or using the portfolio method, in accordance with the prescribed practical expedient. Reserves for contractual stock rotation rights to channel partners to support the management of inventory and certain other sales incentives are determined using the portfolio method. The Company also considers the customers’ rights of return in determining the transaction price where applicable. The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and recognizes revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. The Company uses a range of selling prices to estimate standalone selling price when each of the products and services is sold separately. The Company typically has more than one standalone selling price for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in determining the standalone selling price. In instances where standalone selling price is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the standalone selling price using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities are considered contract fulfillment activities and not a separate performance obligation of the contract. Shipping and handling fees are recorded as revenue and the related cost is a cost to fulfill the contract. Contract modifications are accounted for as separate contracts if the additional products and services are distinct and priced at standalone selling prices. If the additional products and services are distinct, but not priced at standalone selling prices, the modification is treated as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract. Lastly, if the additional products and services are not distinct within the context of the contract, the modification is combined with the original contract and either an increase or decrease in revenue is recognized on the modification date. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company recognized revenue of $5 million for contracts modified during the period that had performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. Software The Company’s software licenses provide users with access to capabilities such as voice, video, conferencing, messaging and collaboration. Software licenses also add functionality to the Company’s hardware. The Company’s software licenses for on-premise customer software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when it is made available to the customer and are accounted for as distinct performance obligations. The Company’s software licenses are sold through both direct and indirect channels with terms that are either perpetual or time based, both of which provide the end-user with the same functionality. The main difference between perpetual and term licenses is the duration over which the customer benefits from the software. Revenue from on-premise customer software licenses is generally recognized at the point-in-time the software is made available to the customer, via direct sale to the end-user or indirect sale to a channel partner, based on the fixed minimum revenue commitment under the arrangement. However, revenue cannot be recognized before the beginning of the period during which the customer can use and benefit from the license. In instances where the Company’s software licenses include a usage-based fee, revenue associated with the incremental usage is recognized at the point-in-time the incremental usage occurs. Hardware The Company’s hardware, phones, gateways, and servers, each of which has a stand-alone functionality, are generally considered distinct performance obligations. Hardware is sold through both direct and indirect channels and revenue is recognized at the point-in-time at which control of the product is transferred to the customer, via direct sale to the end-user or indirect sale to a channel partner, generally upon delivery, as defined in the contract. Global Support Services The Company’s global support services provide supplemental maintenance options to end-users in support of the Company’s products and solutions, including when and if available upgrade rights and maintenance for hardware. These services are typically accounted for as distinct performance obligations. Given that global support services consist of a series of distinct promises that are satisfied over time in the form of a single performance obligation comprised of a stand-ready obligation, these services are generally recognized ratably over the period during which the services are performed as customers simultaneously consume and receive benefits. Maintenance contracts typically have terms that range from one to five years. Professional Services The Company’s professional services include the design, implementation and development of communication solutions. Professional services are sold through the Company’s direct and indirect channels either on a stand-alone basis or with other hardware, software and services and are generally accounted for as distinct performance obligations. Revenue for professional services is generally recognized over time based on the cost of effort incurred to date relative to the total cost of effort expected to be incurred as customers simultaneously consume and receive benefits. Effort incurred generally represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contracts for professional services typically have terms that range from four to six weeks for simple engagements and from six months to one year for more complex engagements. Cloud and Managed Services The Company’s managed services provide additional support options to end-users on top of the Company’s supplemental maintenance services, including hardware support, help-desk routing and system monitoring services. The Company’s managed services are sold either on a stand-alone basis or together with the Company’s hardware, software and other services, and are generally accounted for as distinct performance obligations. The Company’s managed services are provided through both direct and indirect channels. Managed services consist of a series of distinct promises that are satisfied over time in the form of a single performance obligation comprised of a stand-ready obligation. Contracts for managed services typically have terms that range from one to five years. The Company’s cloud offerings enable customers to take advantage of our technology via the cloud, on-premises, or a hybrid of both. The software that enables the core communications functionality is offered both as a sale of perpetual or time based licenses or through a SaaS. Cloud offerings can include supplemental maintenance and managed services and are sold through the Company’s direct and indirect channels. Cloud and managed services offerings often include multiple performance obligations. Each performance obligation can itself include a series of distinct promises that are satisfied over time. Total consideration for a project is allocated to each performance obligation, with revenue recognized ratably over the period during which the services are performed as customers simultaneously consume and receive benefits. Variable consideration from incremental usage above a fixed fee is recognized at the point-in-time at which the usage occurs. Warranties The Company offers standard limited warranties that provide the customer with assurance that its products will function in accordance with contract specifications. The Company’s standard limited warranties are not sold separately but are included with each customer purchase. Warranties are not considered separate performance obligations, and therefore, warranty expense is accrued at the time the related revenue is recognized. Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables provide the Company's disaggregated revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 : (In millions) Three months ended June 30, 2019 Nine months ended June 30, 2019 REVENUE Products & Solutions $ 298 $ 913 Services 422 1,269 Unallocated Amounts (3 ) (18 ) $ 717 $ 2,164 Three months ended June 30, 2019 (In millions) Products & Solutions Services Unallocated Total Revenue: U.S. $ 149 $ 245 $ (2 ) $ 392 International: Europe, Middle East and Africa 91 93 (1 ) 183 Asia Pacific 38 47 — 85 Americas International - Canada and Latin America 20 37 — 57 Total International 149 177 (1 ) 325 Total revenue $ 298 $ 422 $ (3 ) $ 717 Nine months ended June 30, 2019 (In millions) Products & Solutions Services Unallocated Total Revenue: U.S. $ 429 $ 744 $ (12 ) $ 1,161 International: Europe, Middle East and Africa 290 283 (3 ) 570 Asia Pacific 113 131 (2 ) 242 Americas International - Canada and Latin America 81 111 (1 ) 191 Total International 484 525 (6 ) 1,003 Total revenue $ 913 $ 1,269 $ (18 ) $ 2,164 Unallocated amounts represent the fair value adjustment to deferred revenue recognized upon emergence from bankruptcy and excluded from segment revenue. Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that are wholly or partially unsatisfied as of June 30, 2019 is $2.7 billion , of which 57% and 27% is expected to be recognized within 12 months and 13-24 months, respectively, with the remaining balance recognized thereafter. This excludes amounts for remaining performance obligations that are (1) for contracts recognized over time using the "right to invoice" practical expedient, (2) related to sales or usage based royalties promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property, and (3) related to variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Contract Balances The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized in advance of the right to bill, pursuant to customer contract terms. The contract asset decreases when the Company has the right to bill the customer which is generally triggered by the satisfaction of additional performance obligations or contract milestones. The Company records a contract liability when payment is received from the customer in advance of the Company satisfying a performance obligation and the contract liability is reduced as performance obligations are satisfied and revenue is recognized. The Company records the net contract asset or liability position for each customer contract. The following table provides information about accounts receivable, contract assets and contract liabilities for the periods presented: (In millions) June 30, 2019 October 1, 2018 Increase (Decrease) Accounts receivable, net $ 276 $ 376 $ (100 ) Contract assets: Current $ 178 $ 78 $ 100 Non-current (Other assets) 3 3 — $ 181 $ 81 $ 100 Cost of obtaining a contract: Current (Contract costs) $ 88 $ 64 $ 24 Non-current (Other assets) 44 36 8 $ 132 $ 100 $ 32 Cost to fulfill a contract: Current (Contract costs) $ 40 $ 45 $ (5 ) Contract liabilities: Current $ 470 $ 467 $ 3 Non-current (Other liabilities) 76 52 24 $ 546 $ 519 $ 27 The change in contract assets and contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s satisfaction of a performance obligation and the timing of the payment from the customer. Accounts receivable are recorded when the customer has been billed or the right to consideration is unconditional. The Company recognizes a contract asset when it transfers products and services to a customer in advance of scheduled billings. Contract assets decrease when the Company invoices the customer or the right to receive consideration is unconditional. The Company did not record any asset impairment charges related to contract assets during the nine months ended June 30, 2019 . Contract liabilities are recorded when the Company receives payment from the customer in advance of the Company’s completion of performance obligation(s). During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company recognized revenue of $109 million and $505 million , respectively, that had been recorded as a Contract liability at October 1, 2018 . Contract Costs The Company capitalizes direct and incremental costs incurred to obtain and to fulfill a contract, such as sales commissions and products and services, respectively. These costs are recognized as an asset if the Company expects to recover them and are amortized consistent with the transfer to the customer of the underlying performance obligations. Costs to obtain a contract are amortized using the portfolio approach over the average term of the customer contracts, which corresponds to the period of benefit. Costs incurred to obtain a contract with an amortization period of one year or less are expensed as incurred, in accordance with the prescribed practical expedient. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company recognized $27 million for amortization of costs to obtain customer contracts, which was included in Selling, general and administrative expense. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company recognized $73 million for amortization of costs to obtain customer contracts, of which $70 million was included in Selling, general and administrative expense and the remaining $3 million was a reduction to Revenue. Contract fulfillment costs are recognized consistent with the transfer to the customer of the underlying performance obligations based on the specific contracts to which they relate. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 , the Company recognized $11 million and $31 million of contract fulfillment costs within Costs, respectively. |