EXHIBIT 1.01
CONFLICT MINERALS REPORT OF IRIDIUM COMMUNICATIONS INC.
For the year ended December 31, 2022
This Conflict Minerals Report (this “Report”) of Iridium Communications Inc. (the “Company”) has been prepared pursuant to Rule 13p-1 and Form SD (the “Rule”) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the reporting period January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (the “Reporting Period”). For purposes of this Report, “Conflict Minerals” are defined as cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, gold, wolframite, and their derivatives, which are limited to tin, tantalum and tungsten. The “Covered Countries” for the purposes of the Rule and this Report are the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia and Angola. As described in this Report, the Company contracts to manufacture products for which Conflict Minerals are necessary to their functionality or production.
Description of the Company’s Products Covered by this Report
The Company is a provider of mobile voice and data communications services via satellite. The Company also sells related voice and data equipment that it contracts to manufacture, including satellite handsets, Wi-Fi accessories, voice and data modems, broadband data devices and machine-to-machine data devices. The Company has determined that Conflict Minerals are necessary to the functionality or production of this equipment. These products are collectively referred to in this Report as the “Covered Products.” This Report relates to Covered Products the manufacture of which was completed during the Reporting Period.
Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry
The Company has conducted a good faith reasonable country-of-origin inquiry (“RCOI”) regarding the Conflict Minerals necessary to the Covered Products that was reasonably designed to determine whether any of the Conflict Minerals originated in the Covered Countries and whether any of the Conflict Minerals may be from recycled or scrap sources. The RCOI consisted principally of identifying the suppliers of components that contain Conflict Minerals and circulating to them a supply-chain survey using the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template of the Responsible Minerals Initiative (“RMI template”). Among the purposes of this supplier survey was to identify, if possible, the supply chain, including smelters and refiners that contribute smelted or refined Conflict Minerals to the Company’s products, and to request information from those identified suppliers and refiners regarding whether any of the necessary Conflict Minerals in the components they provided originated from Covered Countries and whether the Conflict Minerals come from recycled or scrap sources.
The Company’s Due Diligence Process
The Company’s due diligence measures were based on multi-industry initiatives with the smelters and refiners of Conflict Minerals that provide those Conflict Minerals to the Company’s suppliers. The Company’s supply chain with respect to the Covered Products is complex, and the Company, as a purchaser, is many steps removed from the mining and smelting or refining of the Conflict Minerals. The Company does not purchase raw ore or unrefined Conflict Minerals and does no purchasing in the Covered Countries. The origin of Conflict Minerals cannot be determined with any certainty once the raw ores are smelted, refined and converted to ingots, bullion or other Conflict Mineral-containing derivatives. Because the smelters and refiners are consolidating points for raw ore, the Company believes the smelters and refiners are in the best position in the total supply chain to know the origin of the ores. As a result, tracing these minerals to their sources is a challenge that requires the Company to enlist its suppliers in its
efforts to achieve supply chain transparency, including its efforts to obtain information regarding the origin of the Conflict Minerals. The information provided by suppliers may be inaccurate or incomplete or subject to other irregularities. Because of the Company’s relative location within the supply chain in relation to the actual extraction, transport, smelting, and refinement of Conflict Minerals, its ability to verify the accuracy of information reported by suppliers is limited.
In addition, the Company has regular contact with only a limited number of suppliers – its first-tier suppliers – within its supply chain. The second-tier suppliers report to the Company’s direct suppliers and contract manufacturers, some of which, like the Company, are subject to the SEC’s Rule and file specialized disclosure reports on Form SD annually as required. The Company has chosen to directly survey all of its second-tier suppliers in lieu of relying only on the surveying efforts of contract manufacturers or other direct suppliers. These efforts include, but are not limited to, requesting and receiving supplier RMI templates.
A. | Design of the Company’s due diligence framework |
The design of the Company’s due diligence measures conforms, in material respects, with the internationally recognized due diligence framework in the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas: Third Edition (OECD 2016) (“OECD Framework”), including related Supplements for each of the Conflict Minerals, consistent with the Company’s position as a downstream company.
Establish Strong Company Management Systems
• | Conflict Minerals Team. The Company maintains a Conflict Minerals Team comprised of senior members of its legal, manufacturing, engineering and purchasing organizations under the oversight of the Chief Legal Officer. |
• | Policy. The Company has communicated to its suppliers and the public the Company’s Conflict Minerals Policy for the supply chain of minerals originating from conflict-affected and high-risk areas (the “Policy”). The Policy can be found here: https://www.iridium.com/idr-file/394231/. |
• | System of controls and transparency. The Company maintains internal standard operating procedures to guide the Company’s due diligence efforts. These procedures establish a process to be followed in order to generate and maintain the information needed to comply with Dodd-Frank Section 1502. |
• | Strengthen engagement with suppliers. The Company maintains a standard provision in its supply chain contracts under which the supplier agrees that it shall not knowingly include Conflict Minerals in any Products that it delivers to the Company that originate from the Covered Countries. The provision further states that the supplier agrees to cooperate in any audit and produce any information that may reasonably be required by the Company to ensure that it fully complies with its legal and regulatory obligations that govern the use of Conflict Minerals. This provision also requests that this clause be included in agreements that each contract manufacturer may have with its suppliers, vendors, or subcontractors. Where suppliers include Conflict Minerals in Products that it delivers to the Company that originate from the Covered Countries from a smelter or refiner that has been validated as conflict-free by organizations such as RMI, the Company has elected to take no enforcement action. |
• | Establish a company grievance mechanism. The Company maintains a grievance mechanism for concerned parties who wish to report information regarding the Company’s use of Conflict Minerals. Communications may be sent to supplychain@iridium.com. |
Identify and Assess Risks in the Supply Chain
Identify smelters and refiners in the supply chain. The Company assessed its Covered Products and its suppliers in order to identify Conflict Minerals scope and risk. The Company’s Covered Products and suppliers were reviewed throughout the year. The Company looked for supplier changes in its supply chain and evaluated new suppliers for use of Conflict Minerals through a review of internal documents, including bills of material, materials declarations, and purchasing contracts. New suppliers were assessed as part of the Company’s vendor due diligence and compliance assessment program, which was designed to assess transparency from its vendors and compliance with the Company’s Conflict Minerals policy. Suppliers identified as providing parts to the Company that included Conflict Minerals were tracked through an information system that captures and categorizes supplier and product information.
The Company surveyed the suppliers on the Company’s master supplier list. The Company also conducted a survey of its direct and second-tier suppliers used by its contract manufacturers, Benchmark Electronics, Inc. and Beam Communications Pty Ltd., unless it was explicitly known from the material description or internal review that the material purchased did not contain Conflict Minerals. Due to the Company’s location within the supply chain relative to the actual extraction, transport, smelting, and refinement of ore, its ability to verify the accuracy of information reported by suppliers is limited. The Company requested that sourcing information provided by suppliers apply to materials provided for products the manufacture of which was completed during the entire Reporting Period.
Assessment of risk. All suppliers’ responses were assessed by evaluating the reasonableness and consistency of responses within the RMI template and follow-up email correspondence, as well as information known about supplies and suppliers. To the extent that, based on data provided by its suppliers, the Company was able to identify smelters and refiners that might be in the Company’s supply chain, the Company took steps to assess the smelter’s or refiner’s due diligence to the extent practicable. To that end, the Company examined whether each smelter or refiner had been validated as conflict-free through industry group programs, such as the RMI’s Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”). The RMAP provides a list of smelters and refiners that an independent third-party audit has confirmed have systems in place that comply with the RMAP’s assessment protocols to ensure sourcing of only conflict-free minerals.
Design and Implement Strategy to Respond to Identified Risks
Strategy to respond to identified risks. The Company has developed a strategy to manage suppliers that cannot or will not provide sufficient component and supply chain information or are using minerals from smelters or refiners that have not received a “conflict free” designation. The specific supplier corrective actions taken will depend on factors such as vendor size, risk level and vendor capabilities, and may include actions ranging from encouraging the supplier to source responsibly to disengaging from the supplier.
Steps taken to implement strategy to mitigate risk. The Company has completed the following steps to improve its due diligence process, improve its supply chain transparency, and to further mitigate the risk that its necessary Conflict Minerals finance or benefit armed groups in the Covered Countries, including:
• | Encourage supplier participation in an industry initiative such as iPoint, to increase compliance and response rate to suppliers’ smelter surveys. |
• | Provide training materials for suppliers, if requested, on responsible sourcing to increase the response rate and improve the content of the supplier survey responses. |
• | Develop and communicate a policy whereby suppliers that do not improve their responses in a timely fashion will be evaluated for potential removal as a preferred supplier from the Company’s supply chain. |
• | Conducted independent research to attempt to identify and respond to risks in the Company’s supply chain. |
Carry Out Independent Third-Party Audit of Supply Chain
The Company does not have any direct relationships with smelters or refiners that process Conflict Minerals, and it does not perform or direct audits of these entities within its supply chain. As an alternative, the Company has considered information collected and provided by independent third-party audit programs, such as the RMAP.
Report Annually on Supply Chain Due Diligence
The Company expects to report annually, as required by the Rule, and has posted this Report on its website here: https://www.iridium.com/idr-file/304185/
B. | Description of the Company’s due diligence measures performed with respect to Covered Products the manufacture of which was completed during 2022 |
Because, as a result of its RCOI, the Company could not determine the country of origin of all its necessary Conflict Minerals, the Company also performed due diligence on the source and chain of custody to determine whether the Conflict Minerals directly or indirectly financed or benefitted armed groups in the Covered Countries.
The Company’s due diligence measures performed with respect to Covered Products the manufacture of which was completed during 2022 included:
• | Providing a briefing to members of supply chain management about results of the Company’s due diligence efforts on a monthly basis. A member of senior management was briefed about the results of the Company’s due diligence efforts on a quarterly basis. |
• | Keeping an up-to-date Policy. Inquiries with regard to Conflict Minerals are communicated to the Company’s supply chain information team. |
• | Maintaining a standard contract template with a standard provision regarding Conflict Minerals. Any changes to the Company’s contracts or contracts in progress are subject to negotiation and the Company’s review and approval process. |
• | Requesting a full list of supplier information from the Company’s contract manufacturers that have direct contact with suppliers in the supply chain. |
• | Analyzing the bill of materials for each product to confirm all identified suppliers are included within the Company’s due diligence efforts. |
• | Conducting its due diligence using the RMI template, requesting country-of-origin information regarding the necessary Conflict Minerals and identification of smelters and refiners that process such minerals. |
• | Completing follow-up inquiries to obtain as much needed information as possible from as many surveyed suppliers as possible. |
• | Comparing survey results to information collected via independent third-party conflict-free smelter validation programs, such as RMAP, to determine if the identified smelters or refiners have been validated as conflict-free. |
• | Discussing actions to be taken with regard to suppliers that do not comply with the Policy. |
• | Filing the specialized disclosure report on Form SD and related conflict minerals report annually as required by the SEC. |
C. Results of the Company’s Due Diligence
Identified Smelters and Refiners. As a result of the Company’s due diligence efforts and based on information provided by most of the Company’s suppliers, the Company has identified and obtained completed RMI templates from most of its suppliers that provide components containing necessary Conflict Minerals. However, in most cases, the information provided by suppliers was not specific enough to identify the smelters and refiners that processed the Conflict Minerals in the specific components provided by the supplier to the Company, but instead included information regarding the smelters and refiners that processed Conflict Minerals used by the responding supplier only on a company-wide or general product basis. As a result, in those cases, the Company has not been able to reasonably or reliably determine whether the identified smelters and refiners have been used to process Conflict Minerals in the components actually furnished to the Company for use in the Covered Products and thus did not include the smelters or refiners below. However, when the supplier provided information that reasonably appeared to be specific product-level information, the Company has listed on Appendix A the smelters or refiners identified by the supplier. Based on the information that was provided by the Company’s suppliers through the due diligence process, the Company believes that, to the extent reasonably determinable by the Company, the facilities that may have been used to process the necessary Conflict Minerals contained in the Covered Products included the smelters and refiners identified on Appendix A.
Identified Countries of Origin. Based on the information provided by suppliers pursuant to the due diligence process, the Company does not have sufficient information with respect to the Covered Products to reliably determine the countries of origin of all of the Conflict Minerals in the Covered Products. However, as noted above, when the supplier provided information that reasonably appeared to be specific product-level information, the Company has listed on Appendix B the countries of origin of the necessary Conflict Minerals identified by the supplier. When the supplier provided only company-level or general product information, the Company determined that it did not have sufficient information to identify with any reasonable level of confidence the particular countries of origin of the necessary Conflict Minerals contained in the component in the Covered Products, and thus did not include the country of origin. Accordingly, based on the information that has been obtained, the Company believes, to the extent reasonably determinable by the Company, that the countries of origin of the Conflict Minerals include the countries listed on Appendix B.
Efforts to Determine Mine or Location of Origin. The Company’s efforts to determine the mine(s) or location of origin with the greatest possible specificity included the use of the due diligence measures described above.
The Company received responses from 65% of its suppliers that provide components containing necessary Conflict Minerals. On the basis of the due diligence measures performed, the Company believes, to the extent reasonably determinable, that of the responses received, including specific product level, supplier defined, and broader company level responses, 26.7% of the suppliers from which the Company obtained sourcing information provided materials that contained Conflict Minerals that are of uncertain origin and 73.3% either (i) provided materials that did not contain Conflict Minerals, (ii) believe they provided materials containing Conflict Minerals not originating in the Covered Countries, or (iii) believe they provided materials containing Conflict Minerals that do originate from the Covered Countries but were processed using certified conflict-free smelters or refiners or from smelters or refiners that were “active” or “conformant” (as defined on Appendix A).
D. Measures to Improve Due Diligence
The Company currently expects to continue to perform its supply chain due diligence measures with the goal of achieving greater accuracy and transparency into the Company’s supply chain by reviewing supplier contracts and their Conflict Minerals policies on an as-needed basis to verify that relevant Conflict Mineral provisions are in place, developing the Company’s Conflict Mineral guidelines and procedures as needed, creating further awareness within the organization to promote positive change, and continually identifying areas of improvement.
Forward-Looking Statements
Forward-looking statements in this Report are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Exchange Act and other federal securities laws. Investors are cautioned that statements in this Report that are not strictly historical statements, including without limitation, the Company’s intentions and expectations regarding further supplier engagement, due diligence and risk mitigation efforts, strategy, and future reporting constitute forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties associated with the progress of industry and other supply chain transparency and smelter or refiner validation programs for conflict minerals (including the possibility of inaccurate information, fraud and other irregularities), inadequate supplier education and knowledge, limitations on the ability or willingness of suppliers to provide more accurate, complete and detailed information and limitations on the Company’s ability to verify the accuracy or completeness of any supply chain information provided by suppliers, third-party audit programs or others as well as the possibility of future statutory and regulatory changes.
Appendix A
Conformant - The conformant status represents the smelters and refiners that have successfully completed an assessment against the applicable RMAP standard or an equivalent cross-recognized assessment as reported by RMAP
Active - The active status represents smelters and refiners that have committed to undergo an RMAP assessment, completed the relevant documents, and scheduled the on-site assessment as reported by RMAP. These may be in the pre-assessment, assessment, or corrective-action phases of the assessment.
Note: According to RMI, all previously conformant smelters/refiners located in the Russian Federation identified in Appendix A were removed from the conformant list during or prior to 2022. As a result, Iridium intends to take steps in an effort to remove them from the supply chain.
Metal | Smelter | Smelter Reference List | Smelter Country | RMI Smelter List | ||||
Gold | CID002762 | L’Orfebre S.A. | ANDORRA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002030 | Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint) | AUSTRALIA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002779 | Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH | AUSTRIA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001980 | Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining | BELGIUM | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000058 | AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002606 | Marsam Metals | BRAZIL | |||||
Gold | CID000924 | Asahi Refining Canada Ltd. | CANADA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000185 | CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation | CANADA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001534 | Royal Canadian Mint | CANADA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002919 | Planta Recuperadora de Metales SpA | CHILE | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002243 | Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000707 | Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000767 | Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000801 | Inner Mongolia Qiankun Gold and Silver Refinery Share Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000855 | Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001149 | Metalor Technologies (Hong Kong) Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001147 | Metalor Technologies (Suzhou) Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001916 | Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001622 | Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001736 | Sichuan Tianze Precious Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001916 | The Refinery of Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd. | China | Conformant |
Gold | CID002224 | Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001909 | Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001056 | Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001058 | Lingbao Jinyuan Tonghui Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001093 | Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001362 | Penglai Penggang Gold Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000522 | Refinery of Seemine Gold Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001947 | Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000197 | Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000343 | Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Mining Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID002312 | Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID000651 | Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID000671 | Hangzhou Fuchunjiang Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID000773 | Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID002525 | Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID001619 | Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Gold | CID002290 | SAFINA A.S. | CZECHIA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002761 | SAAMP | FRANCE | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000362 | DODUCO Contacts and Refining GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000035 | Agosi AG | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000035 | Allgemeine Gold-und Silberscheideanstalt A.G. | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000113 | Aurubis AG | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000176 | C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000694 | Heimerle + Meule GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000711 | Heraeus Germany GmbH Co. KG | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002778 | WIELAND Edelmetalle GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002777 | SAXONIA Edelmetalle GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002867 | Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH | GERMANY | |||||
Gold | CID002852 | GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd. | INDIA | Active | ||||
Gold | CID002863 | Bangalore Refinery | INDIA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002509 | MMTC-PAMP India Pvt., Ltd. | INDIA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003382 | CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd. | INDIA |
Gold | CID002853 | Sai Refinery | INDIA | |||||
Gold | CID003383 | Sovereign Metals | INDIA | |||||
Gold | CID001397 | PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000233 | Chimet S.p.A. | ITALY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002765 | Italpreziosi | ITALY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002580 | T.C.A S.p.A | ITALY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002763 | 8853 S.p.A. | ITALY | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002973 | Safimet S.p.A | ITALY | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000019 | Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000082 | Asahi Pretec Corp. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000090 | Asaka Riken Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000264 | Chugai Mining | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000401 | Dowa | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000425 | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. East Plant | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003424 | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. North Plant | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003425 | Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. West Plant | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000807 | Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000823 | Japan Mint | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000937 | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000981 | Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001119 | Matsuda Sangyo Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001188 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001193 | Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001259 | Nihon Material Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001325 | Ohura Precious Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001798 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001875 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001938 | Tokuriki Honten Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002100 | Yamakin Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002129 | Yokohama Metal Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000957 | Kazzinc | KAZAKHSTAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002615 | TOO Tau-Ken-Altyn | KAZAKHSTAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000956 | Kazakhmys Smelting LLC | KAZAKHSTAN | Non-Conformant |
Gold | CID000778 | HwaSeong CJ CO., LTD. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000359 | DSC (Do Sung Corporation) | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002605 | Korea Zinc Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001078 | LS-NIKKO Copper Inc. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000689 | LT Metal Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003189 | NH Recytech Company | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002918 | SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001955 | Torecom | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001562 | Samwon Metals Corp. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003195 | TSK Pretech | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001555 | Samduck Precious Metals | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001029 | Kyrgyzaltyn JSC | KYRGYZSTAN | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003153 | State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology | LITHUANIA | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002857 | Modeltech Sdn Bhd | MALAYSIA | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001161 | Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V. | MEXICO | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000180 | Caridad | MEXICO | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002582 | REMONDIS PMR B.V. | NETHERLANDS | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002282 | Morris and Watson | NEW ZEALAND | Non-Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000128 | Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) | PHILIPPINES | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002511 | KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna | POLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000493 | JSC Novosibirsk Refinery | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID000929 | JSC Uralelectromed | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID002865 | Kyshtym Copper-Electrolytic Plant ZAO | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID001326 | OJSC “The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant” (OJSC Krastsvetmet) | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID000493 | OJSC Novosibirsk Refinery | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID000927 | JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID001204 | Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID001386 | Prioksky Plant of Non-Ferrous Metals | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID001756 | SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Gold | CID001032 | L’azurde Company For Jewelry | SAUDI ARABIA | Conformant |
Gold | CID001152 | Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd. | SINGAPORE | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003575 | Metal Concentrators SA (Pty) Ltd. | SOUTH AFRICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001512 | Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd. | SOUTH AFRICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001585 | SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A. | SPAIN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000157 | Boliden AB | SWEDEN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000189 | Cendres + Metaux S.A. | SWITZERLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000077 | Argor-Heraeus S.A. | SWITZERLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001153 | Metalor Technologies S.A. | SWITZERLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001352 | PAMP S.A. | SWITZERLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001498 | PX Precinox S.A. | SWITZERLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002003 | Valcambi S.A. | SWITZERLAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001761 | Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp. | TAIWAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002516 | Singway Technology Co., Ltd. | TAIWAN | |||||
Gold | CID002314 | Umicore Precious Metals Thailand | THAILAND | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000814 | Istanbul Gold Refinery | TURKEY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001220 | Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S. | TURKEY | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000103 | Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. | TURKEY | |||||
Gold | CID002560 | Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002561 | Emirates Gold DMCC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID003348 | Dijllah Gold Refinery FZC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | |||||
Gold | CID002584 | Fujairah Gold FZC | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | |||||
Gold | CID002562 | International Precious Metal Refiners | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | |||||
Gold | CID002563 | Kaloti Precious Metals | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | |||||
Gold | CID002708 | Abington Reldan Metals, LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000015 | Advanced Chemical Company | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000920 | Asahi Refining USA Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID002459 | Geib Refining Corporation | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID000969 | Kennecott Utah Copper LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001113 | Materion | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001157 | Metalor USA Refining Corporation | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001993 | United Precious Metal Refining, Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant |
Gold | CID002872 | Pease & Curren | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | |||||
Gold | CID003324 | QG Refining, LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | |||||
Gold | CID001546 | Sabin Metal Corp. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | |||||
Gold | CID000041 | Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC) | UZBEKISTAN | Conformant | ||||
Gold | CID001236 | Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat | UZBEKISTAN | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001076 | LSM Brasil S.A. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001175 | Mineracao Taboca S.A. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002707 | Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000211 | Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000460 | F&X Electro-Materials Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002505 | FIR Metals & Resource Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000616 | Guangdong Zhiyuan New Material Co., Ltd. | China | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002492 | Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002512 | Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002842 | Jiangxi Tuohong New Raw Material | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000914 | JiuJiang JinXin Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000917 | Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002506 | Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001277 | Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000616 | XIMEI RESOURCES (GUANGDONG) LIMITED | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002508 | XinXing HaoRong Electronic Material Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001522 | Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001200 | NPM Silmet AS | ESTONIA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002547 | H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002545 | TANIOBIS GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002550 | TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001163 | Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd. | INDIA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000092 | Asaka Riken Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002558 | Global Advanced Metals Aizu | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001192 | Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001869 | Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant |
Tantalum | CID002549 | TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001969 | Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC | KAZAKHSTAN | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002539 | KEMET de Mexico | MEXICO | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002847 | Meta Materials | NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001769 | Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Tantalum | CID002544 | TANIOBIS Co., Ltd. | THAILAND | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID000456 | Exotech Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002504 | D Block Metals, LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002557 | Global Advanced Metals Boyertown | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID002548 | H.C. Starck Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001508 | QuantumClean | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tantalum | CID001891 | Telex Metals | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002773 | Metallo Belgium N.V. | BELGIUM | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000438 | EM Vinto | BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF) | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001337 | Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A. | BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF) | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002756 | Super Ligas | BRAZIL | Active | ||||
Tin | CID000448 | Estanho de Rondonia S.A. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003582 | Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002468 | Magnu’s Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001173 | Mineracao Taboca S.A. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002706 | Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002036 | White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002500 | Melt Metais e Ligas S.A. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001758 | Soft Metais Ltda. | BRAZIL | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003410 | Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002848 | Gejiu Fengming Metallurgy Chemical Plant | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000942 | Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000555 | Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000228 | Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant |
Tin | CID003190 | Chifeng Dajingzi Tin Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001070 | China Tin Group Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000538 | Gejiu Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003116 | Guangdong Hanhe Non-Ferrous Metal Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002844 | HuiChang Hill Tin Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001231 | Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003379 | Ma’anshan Weitai Tin Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002180 | Tin Smelting Branch of Yunnan Tin Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002158 | Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002180 | Yunnan Tin Company Limited | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003356 | Dongguan CiEXPO Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Tin | CID001908 | Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Tin | CID003397 | Yunnan Yunfan Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Tin | CID003409 | Precious Minerals and Smelting Limited | INDIA | |||||
Tin | CID001399 | PT Artha Cipta Langgeng | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002503 | PT ATD Makmur Mandiri Jaya | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001402 | PT Babel Inti Perkasa | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001406 | PT Babel Surya Alam Lestari | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003205 | PT Bangka Serumpun | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001428 | PT Bukit Timah | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002696 | PT Cipta Persada Mulia | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002835 | PT Menara Cipta Mulia | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001453 | PT Mitra Stania Prima | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001458 | PT Prima Timah Utama | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003381 | PT Rajawali Rimba Perkasa | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002593 | PT Rajehan Ariq | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002870 | PT Lautan Harmonis Sejahtera | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001460 | PT Refined Bangka Tin | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001463 | PT Sariwiguna Binasentosa | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001468 | PT Stanindo Inti Perkasa | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001477 | PT Timah Tbk Kundur | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001482 | PT Timah Tbk Mentok | INDONESIA | Conformant |
Tin | CID001490 | PT Tinindo Inter Nusa | INDONESIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000402 | Dowa | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001191 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001105 | Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC) | MALAYSIA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002858 | Modeltech Sdn Bhd | MALAYSIA | |||||
Tin | CID003208 | Pongpipat Company Limited | MYANMAR | |||||
Tin | CID001182 | Minsur | PERU | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002517 | O.M. Manufacturing Philippines, Inc. | PHILIPPINES | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000468 | Fenix Metals | POLAND | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003387 | Luna Smelter, Ltd. | RWANDA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002774 | Metallo Spain S.L.U. | SPAIN | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001539 | Rui Da Hung | TAIWAN | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001314 | O.M. Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd. | THAILAND | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001898 | Thaisarco | THAILAND | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID000292 | Alpha | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID001142 | Metallic Resources, Inc. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID003325 | Tin Technology & Refining | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002834 | Thai Nguyen Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | VIET NAM | Conformant | ||||
Tin | CID002703 | An Vinh Joint Stock Mineral Processing Company | VIET NAM | |||||
Tin | CID002572 | Electro-Mechanical Facility of the Cao Bang Minerals & Metallurgy Joint Stock Company | VIET NAM | |||||
Tin | CID002573 | Nghe Tinh Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company | VIET NAM | |||||
Tin | CID002574 | Tuyen Quang Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company | VIET NAM | |||||
Tungsten | CID002044 | Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG | AUSTRIA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002833 | ACL Metais Eireli | BRAZIL | |||||
Tungsten | CID003427 | Albasteel Industria e Comercio de Ligas Para Fundicao Ltd. | BRAZIL | |||||
Tungsten | CID002513 | Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002641 | China Molybdenum Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002641 | China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000258 | Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID003401 | Fujian Ganmin RareMetal Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002645 | Ganzhou Haichuang Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant |
Tungsten | CID000875 | Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002315 | Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002494 | Ganzhou Seadragon W & Mo Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID003417 | GEM Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000218 | Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000766 | Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000769 | Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002551 | Jiangwu H.C. Starck Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002321 | Jiangxi Gan Bei Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002318 | Jiangxi Tonggu Non-ferrous Metallurgical & Chemical Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID003182 | Hunan Litian Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002317 | Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002316 | Jiangxi Yaosheng Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002319 | Malipo Haiyu Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002320 | Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002082 | Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002830 | Xinfeng Huarui Tungsten & Molybdenum New Material Co., Ltd. | CHINA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000281 | CNMC (Guangxi) PGMA Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Tungsten | CID002313 | Jiangxi Minmetals Gao’an Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. | CHINA | |||||
Tungsten | CID002541 | H.C. Starck Tungsten GmbH | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002542 | TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG | GERMANY | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000004 | A.L.M.T. Corp. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000825 | Japan New Metals Co., Ltd. | JAPAN | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID003388 | KGETS Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002843 | Woltech Korea Co., Ltd. | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002827 | Philippine Chuangxin Industrial Co., Inc. | PHILIPPINES | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002649 | Hydrometallurg, JSC | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Tungsten | CID003408 | JSC “Kirovgrad Hard Alloys Plant” | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Tungsten | CID002845 | Moliren Ltd. | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Tungsten | CID002724 | Unecha Refractory metals plant | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | |||||
Tungsten | CID003407 | Lianyou Metals Co., Ltd. | TAIWAN | Conformant |
Tungsten | CID000568 | Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000966 | Kennametal Fallon | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID000105 | Kennametal Huntsville | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002589 | Niagara Refining LLC | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002502 | Asia Tungsten Products Vietnam Ltd. | VIET NAM | Conformant | ||||
Tungsten | CID002543 | Masan High-Tech Materials | VIET NAM | Conformant |
Appendix B
Country of Origin |
China |
Indonesia |
Malaysia |
Note: Based on RMAP information, the Conflict Minerals known to be sourced from the above countries of origin were from smelters or refiners that were either Active or Conformant during the Reporting Period.