Derivatives and Other Hedging Instruments | 6 Months Ended |
Jun. 30, 2014 |
Derivatives and Other Hedging Instruments | ' |
7. Derivatives and Other Hedging Instruments |
In connection with the Company’s risk management strategy, the Company hedges a portion of its interest rate risk by entering into derivative contracts. The Company may enter into agreements for interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate cap or floor contracts and futures or forward contracts. The Company’s risk management strategy attempts to manage the overall risk of the portfolio, reduce fluctuations in book value and generate additional income distributable to shareholders. For additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments and its overall risk management strategy, please refer to the discussion of derivative instruments in Note 2. |
The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair value of interest rate swaptions is based on third party broker quotations that are non binding bids to trade. The fair value of Futures Contracts is based on quoted prices from the exchange on which they trade. The fair value of forward purchase commitments was determined using the same methodology as agency securities as described in Note 4. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. |
Derivative Instruments | Balance Sheet Location | 30-Jun-14 | | | 31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest rate swaps and swaptions | Derivative assets | $ | 11,642 | | | $ | 15,841 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | Derivative assets | | - | | | | 11,148 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward purchase commitments | Derivative assets | | 16,939 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 28,581 | | | $ | 26,989 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest rate swaps | Derivative liabilities | $ | 89,225 | | | $ | 125,133 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | Derivative liabilities | | 132,972 | | | | 36,733 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward purchase commitments | Derivative liabilities | | - | | | | 5,741 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 222,197 | | | $ | 167,607 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest Rate Swaps and Swaptions |
The Company finances its activities primarily through repurchase agreements, which are generally settled on a short-term basis, usually from one to three months. At each settlement date, the Company refinances each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. Since the Company is exposed to interest rates on its borrowings that change on a short term basis, it enters into hedging agreements to mitigate the effect of these changes. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreement without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The effect of these hedges is to synthetically lockup interest rates on a portion of the Company’s repurchase agreements for the terms of the interest rate swaps. Although the Company’s objective is to hedge the risk associated with changing repurchase agreement rates, the Company’s interest rate swaps are benchmark interest rate swaps which perform with reference to LIBOR. Therefore, the Company remains at risk to the variability of the spread between repurchase agreement rates and LIBOR interest rates. |
Until September 30, 2013, the Company elected cash flow hedge accounting for its interest rate swaps. Under cash flow hedge accounting, effective hedge gains or losses are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into net income in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Ineffective hedge gains and losses are recorded on a current basis in earnings. The hedge ineffectiveness is attributable primarily to differences in the reset dates on the Company’s interest rate swaps versus the refinancing dates of its repurchase agreements. See “Financial Statement Presentation” below for quantification of gains and losses on interest rate swaps for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. |
On September 30, 2013, the Company de-designated its interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges, thus terminating cash flow hedge accounting. As long as the forecasted rollovers of the related repurchase agreements are still expected to occur, amounts in AOCI related to the cash flow hedges through September 30, 2013 will remain in AOCI and will continue to be reclassified to interest expense as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that an additional $59,146 will be reclassified out of AOCI as an increase to interest expense. |
The Company continues to hedge its exposure to variability in future funding costs via interest rate swaps and other derivative instruments. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning October 1, 2013, changes in the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps are recorded in “Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net” in the consolidated statements of income, consistent with the Company’s historical accounting for Futures Contracts, as described below. Monthly net cash settlements under the interest rate swaps are also recorded in “Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net” beginning October 1, 2013. |
The volume of activity for the Company’s interest rate swap instruments is shown in the table below. |
| Notional Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | $ | 10,500,000 | | | $ | 10,700,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additions | | - | | | | 800,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expirations and terminations | | (600,000 | ) | | | (400,000 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
End of period | $ | 9,900,000 | | | $ | 11,100,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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As of June 30, 2014, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s interest rate swaps is 19 months. Additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2014 follows. |
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| | | | | | Wtd. Avg. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Remaining | | | Weighted Average | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional | | | Term | | | Fixed Interest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maturity | | Amount | | | in Months | | | Rate in Contract | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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12 months or less | | $ | 3,800,000 | | | | 7 | | | | 1.78% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Over 12 months to 24 months | | | 2,700,000 | | | | 18 | | | | 1.30% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Over 24 months to 36 months | | | 2,600,000 | | | | 31 | | | | 0.91% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Over 36 months to 48 months | | | 800,000 | | | | 41 | | | | 0.93% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 9,900,000 | | | | 19 | | | | 1.35% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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A swaption is a derivative instrument that gives the holder the option to enter into a pay-fixed interest rate swap in the future, if it so desires. As of June 30, 2014, the Company had two interest rate swaptions outstanding: |
| | Options | | | Underlying Swaps | |
Swaptions | | Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Wtd. Avg. Months to Expiration | | | Notional | | | Wtd. Avg. Fixed Pay Rate | | | Receive Rate | | Wtd. Avg. Term (Years) | |
Fixed payer | | $ | 10,000 | | | $ | 7,321 | | | | 11 | | | $ | 492,300 | | | | 2.81% | | | 3 month LIBOR | | | 7 | |
The Company did not have any interest rate swaptions outstanding at December 31, 2013. |
Eurodollar Futures Contracts |
The Company uses Futures Contracts to 1) synthetically replicate an interest rate swap, or 2) offset the changes in value of its forward purchases of certain agency securities. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the fair value of all Futures Contracts was a liability of $(132,972) and $(25,585), respectively. |
| Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 30-Jun-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures Contracts designed to replicate swaps | $ | (131,652 | ) | $ | (27,881 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures Contracts designed to hedge value changes in forward purchases | | (1,320 | ) | | 2,296 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fair market value of Futures Contracts | $ | (132,972 | ) | $ | (25,585 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The volume of activity for the Company’s Futures Contracts is shown in the table below. |
| Number of Contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | | 95,327 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
New positions opened | | 102,746 | | | | 12,949 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Early settlements | | (70,979 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Settlements at maturity | | (3,819 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
End of period | | 123,275 | | | | 12,949 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Each Futures Contract embodies $1 million of notional value and is effective for a term of approximately three months. |
The Company has not designated its Futures Contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. As a result, realized and unrealized changes in fair value thereon are recognized in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. See “Financial Statement Presentation” below for quantification of gains and losses on Futures Contracts for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. |
To Be Announced Securities Purchases |
The Company purchases certain of its investment securities in the forward market. The Company purchases ARM TBA contracts and 15-year TBA contracts from dealers. ARM TBA contracts are not a frequently-traded security and are generally used to acquire MBS for the portfolio. 15-year TBA contracts are a highly liquid security, and may be physically settled, net settled or traded as an investment. The Company also has commitments with various mortgage origination companies to purchase their production as it becomes securitized. Forward purchases do not qualify for trade date accounting and are considered derivatives for financial statement purposes, as described in Note 2. The net fair value of the forward commitment is reported on the balance sheet as an asset (or liability). Whether the unrealized gain (or loss) is recognized in net income or other comprehensive income depends on whether or not the commitment has been designated as an accounting hedge, as discussed in Note 2. |
The Company did not have any ARM securities forward purchase commitments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. |
15-year TBA contracts may be financed in the dollar roll market. As demonstrated in the “Financial Statement Presentation” discussion below, income from dollar roll transactions and realized and unrealized gains and losses on TBA contracts are recognized in “Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net.” |
At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had the following 15-year TBA dollar roll securities: |
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| Face | | | Cost | | | Fair Market Value | | | Net Asset (Liability) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
30-Jun-14 | $ | 2,850,000 | | | $ | 2,949,433 | | | $ | 2,962,617 | | | $ | 13,184 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
31-Dec-13 | $ | 600,000 | | | $ | 632,270 | | | $ | 627,187 | | | $ | (5,083 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | |
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At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company also had estimated purchase commitments with mortgage originators with a net fair value in the amount of $3,755 and ($658), respectively that was recorded in AOCI. |
Financial Statement Presentation |
The Company does not use either offsetting or netting to present any of its derivative assets or liabilities. The following table shows the gross amounts associated with the Company’s derivative financial instruments and the impact if netting were used as of June 30, 2014. |
| Assets/(Liabilities) | | | Cash Collateral Posted | | | Net Asset/(Liability) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 4,321 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 4,321 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaptions | | 7,321 | | | | - | | | | 7,321 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward purchase commitments | | 16,939 | | | | 3,387 | | | | 20,326 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest rate swaps | $ | (89,225 | ) | | $ | 111,088 | | | $ | 21,863 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | | (132,972 | ) | | | 190,607 | | | | 57,635 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table shows the gross amounts associated with the Company’s derivative financial instruments and the impact if netting were used as of December 31, 2013. |
| Assets/(Liabilities) | | | Cash Collateral Posted | | | Net Asset/(Liability) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 15,841 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 15,841 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | | 11,148 | | | | - | | | | 11,148 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest rate swaps | $ | (125,133 | ) | | $ | 133,661 | | | $ | 8,528 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | | (36,733 | ) | | | 77,713 | | | | 40,980 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward purchase commitments | | (5,741 | ) | | | 14,005 | | | | 8,264 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following table shows the components of “Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net” for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. Impacts from the Company’s interest rate swaps subsequent to the September 30, 2013 hedge de-designation are included herein. |
| Three Months Ended June 30 | | | Six Months Ended June 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps – fair value adjustments | $ | 8,525 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 24,388 | | | $ | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaptions – fair value adjustments | | (2,679 | ) | | | - | | | | (2,679 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps – monthly net settlements | | (29,754 | ) | | | - | | | | (59,166 | ) | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures Contracts – fair value adjustments | | (90,005 | ) | | | 5,537 | | | | (107,387 | ) | | | 5,537 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures Contracts – realized gains (losses) | | (3,647 | ) | | | (52 | ) | | | (22,253 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | |
TBA dollar roll income | | 25,622 | | | | - | | | | 46,443 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized and unrealized gains on TBA dollar roll transactions | | 36,678 | | | | - | | | | 23,779 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net | $ | (55,260 | ) | | $ | 5,485 | | | $ | (96,875 | ) | | $ | 5,536 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See Note 2 for discussion of TBA dollar roll transactions and TBA dollar roll income. |
As discussed above, effective September 30, 2013, the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for its interest rate swaps. The table below presents the effect of the interest rate swaps that were previously designated as cash flow hedges on the Company’s comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. |
| Three Months Ended June 30 | | | Six Months Ended June 30 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | |
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective | $ | - | | | $ | 57,294 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 51,385 | | | | | | | | | | |
portion) | | | | | | | | | |
Amount of loss reclassified from OCI into net income | | (22,923 | ) | | | (30,585 | ) | | | (47,607 | ) | | | (60,515 | ) | | | | | | | | | |
as interest expense (effective portion) | | | | | | | | | |
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in net income as | | - | | | | 212 | | | | - | | | | 96 | | | | | | | | | | |
interest expense (ineffective portion) | | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the impact of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements on the Company’s AOCI for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013. |
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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | $ | (111,174 | ) | | $ | (243,051 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps | | - | | | | 15,030 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reclassification of net losses included in income statement | | 47,607 | | | | 116,847 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | $ | (63,567 | ) | | $ | (111,174 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit-risk-related Contingent Features |
The Company has agreements with its interest rate swap and swaption counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. |
The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company’s GAAP shareholders’ equity declines by a specified percentage over a specified time period, or if the Company fails to maintain a minimum shareholders’ equity threshold, then the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has agreements with several of those counterparties that contain provisions regarding maximum leverage ratios. The most restrictive of these leverage covenants is that if the Company exceeds a leverage ratio of 10 to 1 then the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations with that counterparty. At June 30, 2014, the Company was in compliance with these requirements. |
As of June 30, 2014, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position related to the agreements described above was $77,583. The Company has collateral posting requirements with each of its counterparties and all interest rate swap agreements were fully collateralized as of June 30, 2014. |