Derivatives and Other Hedging Instruments | 9 . Derivatives and Other Hedging Instruments In connection with the Company’s risk management strategy, the Company hedges a portion of its interest rate risk by entering into derivative contracts. The Company may enter into agreements for interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate cap or floor contracts and futures or forward contracts. The Company’s risk management strategy attempts to manage the overall risk of the portfolio, reduce fluctuations in book value and generate additional income distributable to shareholders. For additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments and its overall risk management strategy, please refer to the discussion of derivative instruments in Note 2. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaptions are estimated based on the fair value of the underlying interest rate swaps that the Company has the option to enter, and are based on estimates from the counterparty and pricing models. The fair value of Futures Contracts is based on quoted prices from the exchange on which they trade. The fair value of MBS forward purchase commitments was determined using the same methodology as MBS as described in Note 4. The fair value of forward purchase commitments for whole loans was determined using the same methodology as mortgage loans held for investment as described in Note 5. The Company applies fallout assumptions to the third-party pricing of forward purchase commitments in order to adjust for loans that the counterparties may not successfully issue. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Derivative Instruments Balance Sheet Location September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Interest rate swaps and swaptions Derivative assets $ 1,831 $ 11,050 Forward purchase commitments - MBS Derivative assets 2,109 16,101 Forward purchase commitments - mortgage loans Derivative assets 425 - $ 4,365 $ 27,151 Interest rate swaps Derivative liabilities $ 22,964 $ 42,052 Futures contracts Derivative liabilities 394,221 202,501 Forward purchase commitments - MBS Derivative liabilities 1,736 36 Forward purchase commitments - mortgage loans Derivative liabilities - 2 $ 418,921 $ 244,591 Interest Rate Swaps and Swaptions The Company finances its activities primarily through repurchase agreements, which are generally settled on a short-term basis, usually from one to three months. At each settlement date, the Company refinances each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. Since the Company is exposed to interest rates on its borrowings that change on a short-term basis, it enters into hedging agreements to mitigate the effect of these changes. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The effect of these hedges is to synthetically lockup interest rates on a portion of the Company’s repurchase agreements for the terms of the interest rate swaps. Although the Company’s objective is to hedge the risk associated with changing repurchase agreement rates, the Company’s interest rate swaps are benchmark interest rate swaps which perform with reference to LIBOR. Therefore, the Company remains at risk to the variability of the spread between repurchase agreement rates and LIBOR interest rates. Until September 30, 2013, the Company elected cash flow hedge accounting for its interest rate swaps. Under cash flow hedge accounting, effective hedge gains or losses are initially recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into net income in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Ineffective hedge gains and losses are recorded on a current basis in earnings. The hedge ineffectiveness is attributable primarily to differences in the reset dates on the Company’s interest rate swaps versus the refinancing dates of its repurchase agreements. See “Financial Statement Presentation” below for quantification of gains and losses on interest rate swaps for the three and nine months On September 30, 2013, the Company de-designated its interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges, thus terminating cash flow hedge accounting. As long as the forecasted rollovers of the related repurchase agreements are still expected to occur, amounts in AOCI related to the cash flow hedges through September 30, 2013 will remain in AOCI and will continue to be reclassified to interest expense as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that an additional $4,842 will be reclassified out of AOCI as an increase to interest expense. The Company continues to hedge its exposure to variability in future funding costs via interest rate swaps and other derivative instruments. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning October 1, 2013, changes in the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps are recorded in “Net gain (loss) on derivative instruments” in the consolidated statements of income, consistent with the Company’s historical accounting for Futures Contracts, as described below. Monthly net cash settlements under the interest rate swaps are also recorded in “Net gain (loss) on derivative instruments” beginning October 1, 2013. The volume of activity for the Company’s interest rate swap instruments is shown in the table below. Notional Value Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 2015 2014 2015 2014 Beginning of period $ 5,100,000 $ 9,900,000 $ 8,300,000 $ 10,500,000 Additions - - - - Expirations and terminations (300,000 ) (700,000 ) (3,500,000 ) (1,300,000 ) End of period $ 4,800,000 $ 9,200,000 $ 4,800,000 $ 9,200,000 During the second quarter of 2015, the Company terminated swaps with $1,400,000 of notional value for a payment of $5,210. The terminated swaps had original maturities extending through December 31, 2015. Information regarding the Company’s interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 follows. September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Wtd. Avg. Wtd. Avg. Remaining Wtd. Avg. Remaining Wtd. Avg. Notional Term Fixed Interest Notional Term Fixed Interest Maturity Amount in Months Rate in Contract Amount in Months Rate in Contract 12 months or less $ 2,000,000 7 1.01% $ 3,700,000 6 1.73% Over 12 months to 24 months 2,200,000 18 0.88% 2,400,000 18 0.92% Over 24 months to 36 months 600,000 28 0.95% 1,800,000 29 0.89% Total $ 4,800,000 15 0.94% $ 8,300,000 16 1.28% A swaption is a derivative instrument that gives the holder the option to enter into a pay-fixed interest rate swap in the future, if it so desires. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had six interest rate swaptions outstanding, which were entered into during 2015: Options Underlying Swaps Swaptions Original Cost Fair Value Wtd. Avg. Months to Expiration Notional Wtd. Avg. Fixed Pay Rate Receive Rate Wtd. Avg. Term (Years) Fixed payer $ 10,813 $ 1,831 9 $ 3,065,000 3.23% 3 month LIBOR 6 As of December 31, 2014, the Company had four interest rate swaptions outstanding: Options Underlying Swaps Swaptions Original Cost Fair Value Wtd. Avg. Months to Expiration Notional Wtd. Avg. Fixed Pay Rate Receive Rate Wtd. Avg. Term (Years) Fixed payer $ 20,080 $ 4,561 6 $ 992,300 2.74% 3 month LIBOR 7 During the first quarter of 2015, the Company terminated the swaptions held as of December 31, 2014 and received proceeds of $2,049. Eurodollar Futures Contracts The Company uses Futures Contracts to 1) synthetically replicate an interest rate swap, or 2) offset the changes in value of its forward purchases of certain MBS and mortgage loans. The following table presents the composition of the Company’s Futures Contracts as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Fair Value September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Futures Contracts designed to replicate swaps $ (386,267 ) $ (202,202 ) Futures Contracts designed to hedge value changes in forward purchases (7,954 ) (299 ) Total fair value of Futures Contracts $ (394,221 ) $ (202,501 ) The volume of activity for the Company’s Futures Contracts is shown in the table below. Number of Contracts Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 2015 2014 2015 2014 Beginning of period 131,276 123,275 130,074 95,327 New positions opened 6,546 22,352 52,563 125,547 Early settlements (5,220 ) (12,016 ) (32,369 ) (83,444 ) Settlements at maturity (8,806 ) (2,479 ) (26,472 ) (6,298 ) End of period 123,796 131,132 123,796 131,132 Each Futures Contract embodies $1 million of notional value and corresponds to a Eurodollar contract for a specific three month timeframe. The effective dates of the Eurodollar contracts underlying the Company’s Futures Contracts range from 2015 through 2022. The Company has not designated its Futures Contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. As a result, realized and unrealized changes in fair value thereon are recognized in net income in the period in which the changes occur. See “Financial Statement Presentation” below for quantification of gains and losses on Futures Contracts for the three and nine months To Be Announced Securities Purchases and Mortgage Loan Commitments The Company purchases certain of its investment securities in the forward market. The Company purchases ARM TBA contracts and 15-year TBA contracts from dealers. ARM TBA contracts are not a frequently-traded security and are generally used to acquire MBS for the portfolio. 15-year TBA contracts are a highly liquid security, and may be physically settled, net settled or traded as an investment. 15-year TBA contracts may also be financed in the dollar roll market. The Company also has commitments with various mortgage origination companies to purchase their production as it becomes securitized. Forward purchases do not qualify for trade date accounting and are considered derivatives for financial statement purposes, as described in Note 2. The net fair value of the forward commitment is reported on the balance sheet as an asset or liability. Whether the unrealized gain (or loss) is recognized in net income or other comprehensive income depends on whether or not the commitment has been designated as an accounting hedge, as discussed in Note 2. The following table summarizes the Company’s forward purchase commitments as of September 30, 2015. Face / UPB Cost Fair Market Value Net Asset (Liability) ARMs - originators $ 205,275 $ 209,881 $ 211,990 $ 2,109 15-year TBA dollar roll securities 2,655,000 2,736,748 2,735,012 (1,736 ) Whole mortgage loans 79,794 81,216 81,641 425 Total purchase commitments $ 2,940,069 $ 3,027,845 $ 3,028,643 $ 798 The following table summarizes the Company’s forward purchase commitments as of December 31, 2014. Face / UPB Cost Fair Market Value Net Asset (Liability) ARMs - originators $ 376,936 $ 384,673 $ 388,829 $ 4,156 ARMs - dealers 20,095 20,553 20,517 (36 ) 15-year TBA dollar roll securities 3,400,000 3,509,871 3,521,816 11,945 Whole mortgage loans 11,656 11,937 11,935 (2 ) Total purchase commitments $ 3,808,687 $ 3,927,034 $ 3,943,097 $ 16,063 Financial Statement Presentation The Company does not use either offsetting or netting to present any of its derivative assets or liabilities. The following table shows the gross amounts associated with the Company’s derivative financial instruments and the impact if netting were used as of September 30, 2015. Assets/(Liabilities) Cash Collateral Posted (Held) Net Asset/(Liability) Interest rate swaptions $ 1,831 $ (886 ) $ 945 Forward purchase commitments 2,534 - 2,534 Interest rate swaps $ (22,964 ) $ 31,626 $ 8,662 Futures contracts (394,221 ) 458,178 63,957 Forward purchase commitments (1,736 ) 3,217 1,481 The following table shows the gross amounts associated with the Company’s derivative financial instruments and the impact if netting were used as of December 31, 2014. Assets/(Liabilities) Cash Collateral Posted (Held) Net Asset/(Liability) Interest rate swaps $ 6,489 $ - $ 6,489 Interest rate swaptions 4,561 (1,558 ) 3,003 Futures contracts - - - Forward purchase commitments 16,101 - 16,101 Interest rate swaps $ (42,052 ) $ 66,653 $ 24,601 Forward purchase commitments (38 ) 5,585 5,547 Futures contracts (202,501 ) 251,553 49,052 The following table shows the components of “Net gain (loss) on derivative instruments” for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 2015 2014 2015 2014 Interest rate swaps – net realized and unrealized gains $ (4,227 ) $ 38,136 $ 7,386 $ 62,524 Interest rate swaptions – net realized and unrealized losses (8,202 ) (1,304 ) (11,492 ) (3,983 ) Interest rate swaps – monthly net settlements (9,510 ) (29,079 ) (46,150 ) (88,245 ) Futures Contracts – fair value adjustments (130,060 ) 37,405 (191,720 ) (69,982 ) Futures Contracts – losses from maturities (13,989 ) (1,810 ) (32,556 ) (24,063 ) Futures Contracts – other realized losses (2,721 ) - (25,394 ) - Mortgage loan purchase commitments - fair value adjustments 368 - 415 - TBA dollar roll income 20,512 22,370 68,568 68,813 TBA dollar rolls – net realized and unrealized gains (losses) 17,528 (30,288 ) (21,558 ) (6,509 ) Net gain (loss) on derivative instruments $ (130,301 ) $ 35,430 $ (252,501 ) $ (61,445 ) See Note 2 for discussion of TBA dollar roll transactions and TBA dollar roll income. The table below presents the effect of the interest rate swaps that were previously designated as cash flow hedges on the Company’s AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 2015 2014 2015 2014 Beginning balance $ (7,325 ) $ (63,567 ) $ (30,042 ) $ (111,174 ) Reclassification of net losses to the income statement 5,433 19,806 28,150 67,413 Ending balance $ (1,892 ) $ (43,761 ) $ (1,892 ) $ (43,761 ) Credit-risk-related Contingent Features The Company has agreements with its interest rate swap and swaption counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company’s GAAP shareholders’ equity declines by a specified percentage over a specified time period, or if the Company fails to maintain a minimum shareholders’ equity threshold, then the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has agreements with several of those counterparties that contain provisions regarding maximum leverage ratios. At September 30, 2015, the Company was in compliance with these requirements. As of September 30, 2015, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements was $22,964. The Company has collateral posting requirements with each of its counterparties and all interest rate swap agreements were fully collateralized as of September 30, 2015. |