Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018, and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for consolidated financial information including the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of its operations, as of and for the periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2018. The information presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes as of March 31, 2018, and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, is unaudited. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures, including notes, required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, or any future period. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis which assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and long-term investments of approximately $376.6 million. Management believes that current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand at March 31, 2018 should be sufficient to fund operations for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements. The future viability of the Company may be dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations, including to support the commercialization of ZILRETTA and fund increased research and development costs in order to seek approval and commercialize its product candidates. The Company may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all. If the Company is unable to obtain funding on a timely basis the Company may need to curtail its operations, including the commercialization of ZILRETTA and research and development activities, which could adversely affect its prospects. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of cash flows In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of cash flows In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Accounting Standards Recently Issued In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Flexion Securities Corporation, Inc. The Company has eliminated all intercompany transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. Revenue Recognition On October 6, 2017, the FDA approved ZILRETTA. The Company entered into a limited number of arrangements with specialty distributors and a specialty pharmacy in the U.S. to distribute ZILRETTA. These arrangements are the Company’s initial contracts with customers and, as a result the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) as of January 1, 2017. There is no impact for the transition to Topic 606 because the Company had no historical revenue prior to the launch of ZILRETTA. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance and financial instruments. Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to arrangements that meet the definition of a contract with a customer under Topic 606, including when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. For a complete discussion of accounting for product revenue, see Product Revenue, Net (below). Product Revenue, Net — The Company sells ZILRETTA to its customers who then subsequently resell ZILRETTA to physicians, clinics and certain medical centers or hospitals. In addition to distribution agreements with customers, the Company enters into arrangements with government payers that provide for government mandated rebates and chargebacks with respect to the purchase of ZILRETTA. The Company recognizes revenue on product sales when the customer obtains control of the Company's product, which occurs at a point in time (upon delivery to the customer). The Company has determined that the delivery of ZILRETTA to its customers constitutes a single performance obligation. There are no other promises to deliver goods or services beyond what is specified in each accepted customer order. The Company has assessed the existence of a significant financing component in the agreements with its customers. The trade payment terms with customers do not exceed one year and therefore the Company has elected to apply the practical expedient and no amount of consideration has been allocated as a financing component. Product revenues are recorded net of applicable reserves for variable consideration, including discounts and allowances. Transaction Price, including Variable Consideration — Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established. Components of variable consideration include trade discounts and allowances, product returns, government chargebacks, discounts and rebates, and other incentives, such as voluntary patient assistance, and other fee for service amounts that are detailed within contracts between the Company and its customers relating to the Company’s sale of its products. These reserves, as detailed below, are based on the amounts earned, or to be claimed on the related sales, and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the customer) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer). These estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted in accordance with the expected value method in Topic 606 for relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data, and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the respective underlying contracts. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur in a future period. The Company’s analyses also contemplated application of the constraint in accordance with the guidance, under which it determined a material reversal of revenue would not occur in a future period for the estimates detailed below as of March 31, 2018 and, therefore, the transaction price was not reduced further during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s original estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such changes in estimates become known. Trade Discounts and Allowances —The Company compensates (through trade discounts and allowances) its customers for sales order management, data, and distribution services. However, the Company has determined such services received to date are not distinct from the Company’s sale of products to the customer and, therefore, these payments have been recorded as a reduction of revenue within the statement of operations and comprehensive loss through March 31, 2018, as well as a reduction to trade receivables, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Product Returns — Consistent with industry practice, the Company generally offers customers a limited right of return for product that has been purchased from the Company based on the product’s expiration date. The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized, as well as within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company currently estimates product return liabilities using available industry data and its own sales information, including its visibility into the inventory remaining in the distribution channel. The Company has not received any returns to date and believes that returns of ZILRETTA will be minimal. The Company’s limited right of return allows for eligible returns of ZILRETTA in the following circumstances: • Shipment errors that were the result of an error by the Company; • Quantity delivered that is greater or less than the quantity ordered; • Product distributed by the Company that is damaged in transit prior to receipt by the customer; • Expired product, previously purchased directly from the Company, that is returned during the period beginning three months prior to the product’s expiration date and ending three months after the product’s expiration date; • Product subject to a recall; and • Product that the Company, at its sole discretion, has specified to be returned. Government Chargebacks, Discounts and Rebates — Chargebacks for fees and discounts to qualified government healthcare providers represent the estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell products to qualified VA hospitals and 340b entities at prices lower than the list prices charged to customers who directly purchase the product from the Company. The 340b Drug Discount Program is a US federal government program created in 1992 that requires drug manufacturers to provide outpatient drugs to eligible health care organizations and covered entities at significantly reduced prices. Customers charge the Company for the difference between what they pay for the product and the statutory selling price to the qualified government entity. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and trade receivables, net. Chargeback amounts are generally determined at the time of resale to the qualified government healthcare provider by customers, and the Company generally issues credits for such amounts within a few weeks of the Customer’s notification to the Company of the resale. Reserves for chargebacks consist of credits that the Company expects to issue for units that remain in the distribution channel inventories at each reporting period-end that the Company expects will be sold to qualified healthcare providers, and chargebacks that customers have claimed, but for which the Company has not yet issued a credit. Government Rebates — The Company is subject to discount obligations under state Medicaid programs and Medicare. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For Medicare, the Company also estimates the number of patients in the prescription drug coverage gap for whom the Company will owe an additional liability under the Medicare Part D program. The Company anticipates its exposure to utilization from the Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program to be immaterial. For Medicaid programs, the Company estimates the portion of sales attributed to Medicaid patients and records a liability for the rebates to be paid to the respective state Medicaid programs. The Company’s liability for these rebates consists of invoices received for claims from prior quarters that have not been paid or for which an invoice has not yet been received, estimates of claims for the current quarter, and estimated future claims that will be made for product that has been recognized as revenue, but which remains in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period. Other Incentives — Other incentives which the Company offers include voluntary patient assistance programs, such as the co-pay assistance program, which are intended to provide financial assistance to qualified commercially-insured patients with prescription drug co-payments required by payers. The calculation of the accrual for co-pay assistance is based on an estimate of claims and the cost per claim that the Company expects to receive associated with product that has been recognized as revenue, but remains in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period. The adjustments are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. To date, the Company’s only source of product revenue has been from the U.S. sales of ZILRETTA, which it began shipping to customers in October 2017. The following table summarizes activity in each of the product revenue allowance and reserve categories for the three months ended March 31, 2018: (In thousands) Trade Discounts, Allowances and Government chargebacks Government rebates and other incentives Returns Total Balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 60 $ 15 $ 2 $ 77 Provision related to sales in the current year 186 49 12 247 Credit and payments made (94 ) — — (94 ) Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 152 $ 64 $ 14 $ 230 Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures. The Company bases estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The most significant estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements include estimates related to revenue, useful lives with respect to long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and leasehold improvements, accounting for stock-based compensation, and accrued expenses, including clinical research costs. The Company’s actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known by the Company’s management. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Estimated Useful Life (Years) Computers, office equipment, and minor computer software 3 Computer software 7 Manufacturing equipment 7-10 Furniture and fixtures 5 Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Costs of major additions and improvements are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Property and equipment includes construction-in-progress that is not yet in service. Foreign Currencies The Company maintains a bank account denominated in British Pounds. All foreign currency payables and cash balances are measured at the applicable exchange rate at the end of the reporting period. All associated gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. |