Apptio 10-K 21 Feb 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Feb. 12, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	APTI
Entity Registrant Name	Apptio Inc
Entity Central Index Key	1,419,625
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Public Float			$ 433,665,471
Class A Common Stock
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,063,886
Class B Common Stock
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		12,552,035

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 55,069	$ 42,007
Short-term investments	93,901	36,741
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $569 and $289	68,782	58,587
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,079	5,440
Total current assets	222,831	142,775
Long-term assets
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $17,091 and $12,774	10,437	12,827
Long-term investments		38,446
Other long-term assets	983	734
Total assets	234,251	194,782
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	5,598	3,574
Accrued payroll and other expenses	16,481	14,073
Deferred revenue	116,831	97,885
Deferred rent	892	799
Capital leases	21	43
Total current liabilities	139,823	116,374
Long-term liabilities
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	2,470	2,254
Deferred rent, net of current portion	3,483	4,360
Capital leases, net of current portion	26	51
Asset retirement obligation	199	175
Total liabilities	146,001	123,214
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity
Class A and Class B Common stock	4	4
Additional paid-in capital	314,301	271,982
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(110)	(94)
Accumulated deficit	(225,945)	(200,324)
Total stockholders’ equity	88,250	71,568
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 234,251	$ 194,782

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 413	$ 122
Accumulated depreciation	$ 21,924	$ 17,091

Consolidated Statement of Opera

Consolidated Statement of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenue
Subscription	$ 155,417	$ 130,061	$ 99,924
Professional services	33,102	30,508	29,327
Total revenue	188,519	160,569	129,251
Cost of revenue
Subscription	29,650	27,298	23,457
Professional services	28,903	26,862	25,720
Total cost of revenue	58,553	54,160	49,177
Gross profit	129,966	106,409	80,074
Operating expenses
Research and development	40,550	35,475	30,553
Sales and marketing	87,949	75,856	71,337
General and administrative	27,706	23,229	17,763
Total operating expenses	156,205	134,560	119,653
Loss from operations	(26,239)	(28,151)	(39,579)
Other income (expense)
Interest income (expense) and other, net	1,204	(1,533)	(18)
Foreign exchange loss	(25)	(1,417)	(1,301)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(25,060)	(31,101)	(40,898)
Provision for income taxes	(561)	(452)	(109)
Net loss	$ (25,621)	$ (31,553)	$ (41,007)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.64)	$ (1.61)	$ (3.24)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	39,754	19,595	12,653

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (25,621)	$ (31,553)	$ (41,007)
Other comprehensive loss
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	(16)	(94)	(2)
Total comprehensive loss	$ (25,637)	$ (31,647)	$ (41,009)

Consolidated Statements of Chan

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Convertible Preferred Stock	Class A and B Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2014	$ (111,827)		$ 1	$ 15,934	$ (127,764)	$ 2
Balances, Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares at Dec. 31, 2014		18,240
Balances, Convertible Preferred Stock at Dec. 31, 2014		$ 133,809
Balances, Shares at Dec. 31, 2014			12,310
Stock option exercises	2,670			2,670
Stock option exercises, Shares			587
Stock-based compensation	7,815			7,815
Issuance of common stock warrants	90			90
Comprehensive loss	(41,009)				(41,007)	(2)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2015	(142,261)		$ 1	26,509	(168,771)
Balances, Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares at Dec. 31, 2015		18,240
Balances at Dec. 31, 2015		$ 133,809
Balances, Shares at Dec. 31, 2015			12,897
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriters' discounts	102,672		$ 1	102,671
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriters' discounts, Shares			6,900
Initial public offering costs	(3,698)			(3,698)
Conversion of preferred stock to Class B common stock	133,809	$ (133,809)	$ 2	133,807
Conversion of preferred stock to Class B common stock, Shares		(18,240)	18,240
Exercise of warrants	616			616
Exercise of warrants, Shares			40
Stock option exercises	1,333			1,333
Stock option exercises, Shares			261
Stock-based compensation	10,459			10,459
Issuance of common stock warrants	285			285
Comprehensive loss	(31,647)				(31,553)	(94)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2016	71,568		$ 4	271,982	(200,324)	(94)
Balances, Shares at Dec. 31, 2016			38,338
Stock option exercises	21,868			21,868
Stock option exercises, Shares			3,335
Vesting of restricted stock units, Shares			128
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan	4,381			4,381
Issuance of stock under employee stock , Shares			312
Stock-based compensation	16,070			16,070
Comprehensive loss	(25,637)				(25,621)	(16)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 88,250		$ 4	$ 314,301	$ (225,945)	$ (110)
Balances, Shares at Dec. 31, 2017			42,113

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (25,621)	$ (31,553)	$ (41,007)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	6,101	5,988	6,486
Amortization of premiums on investments	35	38	87
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment	(4)	25	(9)
Stock-based compensation	16,070	10,459	7,815
Accretion of capitalized loan fees	18	136	62
Loss on extinguishment of debt		722
Remeasurement of preferred stock warrant liability		202	57
Foreign exchange loss	25	412
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(10,784)	(5,765)	(6,193)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	3,338	(3,606)	(970)
Accounts payable	2,242	278	666
Accrued expenses	(428)	1,626	2,095
Deferred revenue	19,163	16,908	19,936
Deferred rent	(799)	136	384
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	9,356	(3,994)	(10,591)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,603)	(5,402)	(7,643)
Proceeds from sales of equipment	24
Proceeds from maturities of investments	50,457	6,245	16,839
Purchases of investments	(69,222)	(75,303)	(2,715)
Payments for security deposits	(62)	(184)	177
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(22,406)	(74,644)	6,658
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from exercises of common stock options	21,868	1,333	2,670
Proceeds from purchases of stock under employee stock purchase plan	4,381
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts		102,672
Payment of initial public offering costs	(243)	(2,362)	(1,092)
Proceeds from long-term debt		20,000
Principal payments on long-term debt		(20,000)
Payment of debt prepayment fees		(200)
Principal payments on capital lease obligations	(43)	(43)	(45)
Payment of capitalized loan fees		(248)	(78)
Net cash provided by financing activities	25,963	101,152	1,455
Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	149	(263)	(37)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	13,062	22,251	(2,515)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period	42,007	19,756	22,271
End of period	55,069	42,007	19,756
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for interest	1	771	13
Purchases under capital lease obligations			102
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 453	639	234
Leasehold improvements paid directly by lessor		356
Non-cash warrants issued as debt issuance costs		285	90
Initial public offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses		244	$ 881
Non-cash preferred stock warrant exercise		$ 616

Description of Operations and S

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Note 1. Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Operations Apptio, Inc. or the Company, was incorporated on October 2, 2007 and is headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. The Company develops and sells Technology Business Management, or TBM, solutions. The Company’s cloud-based platform and SaaS applications enable IT leaders to analyze, optimize and plan technology investments, and benchmark their financial and operational performance against peers. The Company operates in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, France, Singapore and Italy. Initial Public Offering In September 2016, the Company completed an initial public offering, or IPO, in which the Company sold 6,900,000 shares of its newly-authorized Class A common stock at the initial price to public of $16.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $99.0 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, from sales of its shares in the IPO. Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, (1) all shares of common stock then outstanding were converted to Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis, (2) common stock warrants then outstanding were converted to warrants to purchase 47,893 shares of Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis, (3) a warrant to purchase 27,321 shares of convertible preferred stock was converted to a warrant to purchase 27,321 shares of Class B common stock, and (4) all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding were converted into 18,239,475 shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis, and then reclassified as shares of Class B common stock. See Note 6 for further discussion of Class A and B common stock. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs of $3.7 million, consisting of legal, accounting and other costs related to the IPO, were reclassified to additional paid-in capital as a reduction of the proceeds upon the closing of our IPO on September 28, 2016. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Accounting Principles The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties The Company continues to be subject to the risks and challenges associated with other companies at a similar stage of development, including risks associated with: dependence on key personnel; successful marketing and sale of its solutions and adaptation of such solutions to changing market dynamics and customer preferences; competition from alternative products and services, including from larger companies that have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more and better established customer relationships and greater resources than the Company; and the ability to raise additional capital to support future growth. Since inception through December 31, 2017, the Company has incurred losses from operations, and accumulated a deficit of $225.9 million, and has been dependent on equity and debt financing to fund operations. Operating The Company follows The Company operates its business Foreign Currency The functional Comprehensive Certain gains Cash The Company considers all Investments The Company classifies equity ( Fair At December 31, 2017 and 2016 the Company has the following The fair Fair value Level 1 Level 2 . Level 3 The lowest level Allowance for The Company performs If Activity within December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ 122 $ 289 $ 450 Charges, net of reversals 291 (93 ) (3 ) Write-offs — (74 ) (158 ) Balance at end of period $ 413 $ 122 $ 289 Concentration of Financial Advertising Advertising for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 , Interest Interest . In 2016 and 2015, interest expense consists of interest on capital leases y Property and Equipment Property Computer and office equipment 2-3 years Software 1-3 years Furniture 3 years Leasehold In . Preferred Stock Warrant The Company classified Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, the warrant to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock was converted to a warrant to purchase shares of Class B common stock and was no longer classified as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. On September 26, 2016, the warrant holder exercised the warrant and the Company issued shares of Class B common stock through a cashless exercise of the warrant, in accordance with its terms. See Note 5 for additional information. Revenue The Company derives its revenue from The Company recognizes The Company enters When The The Company estimates The Company recognizes Professional - If Fees for On Deferred revenue represents Research Research and development Capitalized For development 2015, Cost Allocation The Company allocates Sales Commissions The Company pays sales commissions to Income Taxes The Company follows The Company recognizes The Company’s Stock-Based The Company recognizes The Company’s e Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2017-09 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, adopted this new standard as of January 1, 2017. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has accumulated excess tax benefits from temporary differences resulting from the amount and timing of stock-based compensation expense recorded in our financial statements compared to deductions on its income tax return from the award compensation that reduces the net operating loss deferred tax asset. The Company provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets since it has been determined that it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Upon adoption of this standard, the stock-based compensation excess tax benefit was eliminated, resulting in an increase to the net operating loss deferred tax asset, with a corresponding increase in the valuation allowance. The Company elected to continue to estimate the number of share-based awards expected to vest, rather than electing to account for forfeitures as they occur to determine the amount of stock-based compensation expense to be recognized each period. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16 , Inter-Entity Transfers of Assets other than Inventory In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and the guidance must be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. The Company is in process of finalizing its assessment of the new standard, including ascribing the appropriate amortization period to the respective commission costs. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2018 and will utilize the full retrospective transition method. The impact of adopting this standard on 2017 and 2016 subscription and services revenue is not material. The primary impact of the standard will be the requirement to capitalize certain contract costs, such as commissions, which are currently being expensed as incurred. Because these costs will now be capitalized and amortized over the period benefited by the transaction, the Company expects that adoption of this standard will result in marginally lower sales and marketing expense in scenarios where current period sales results are higher than the prior period sales results. In scenarios where current period sales results are lower than the prior period sales results, the Company expects sales and marketing expenses will be marginally higher than if the Company had expensed these selling costs as incurred. Under the new standard, the Company will defer commission costs to obtain customer subscription contracts and will amortize these costs over a period of benefit that we have determined to be four years for new subscription agreements, and over the term of the respective subscription for renewals of subscription agreements. Commissions on service arrangements will continue to be expensed as incurred as the term for these arrangements is typically less than 12 months. The Company expects this to materially reduce annual sales and marketing expenses.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Note 2. Fair Value Measurements The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that have been measured at fair value as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market funds $ 24,225 $ — $ 24,225 Corporate notes and obligations — 38,020 38,020 U.S. government treasury securities 55,881 — 55,881 $ 80,106 $ 38,020 $ 118,126 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market funds $ 18,029 $ — $ 18,029 Corporate notes and obligations — 33,840 33,840 U.S. government treasury securities 41,347 — 41,347 $ 59,376 $ 33,840 $ 93,216 At f c c

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Available For Sale Securities [Abstract]
Investments	Note 3. Investments Available-for-sale investments consist of fixed-income securities that are accounted for at fair value. Premiums and discounts paid on securities at the time of purchase are recorded as accrued interest and amortized over the period of maturity. The amortized cost and fair value on the available-for-sale investments and unrealized gains and losses as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value Amounts maturing in one year or less Corporate notes and obligations $ 38,044 $ — $ (24 ) $ 38,020 U.S. government treasury securities 55,967 — (86 ) 55,881 Total short-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 94,011 $ — $ (110 ) $ 93,901 December 31, 2016 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value Amounts maturing in one year or less Corporate notes and obligations $ 29,866 $ — $ (25 ) $ 29,841 U.S. government treasury securities 6,900 — — 6,900 Total short-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 36,766 $ — $ (25 ) $ 36,741 Amounts maturing in greater than one year Corporate notes and obligations $ 4,010 $ — $ (11 ) $ 3,999 U.S. government treasury securities 34,505 — (58 ) 34,447 Total long-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 38,515 $ — $ (69 ) $ 38,446 As interest rates increase, those securities purchased at a lower yield show a mark-to-market unrealized loss. The longer the duration of these securities, the more susceptible they are to changes in market interest rates and bond yields. The unrealized losses are due primarily to changes in interest rates. The Company regularly reviews investments for other-than-temporary impairment using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2017, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Corporate notes and obligations $ 18,873 $ (22 ) $ 3,998 $ (3 ) U.S. government treasury securities 24,415 (52 ) 31,466 (33 ) Total short-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 43,288 $ (74 ) $ 35,464 $ (36 ) The Company did not consider any of the unrealized losses on its investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired based on its evaluation of available evidence, which includes the Company’s intent as of December 31, 2017 to hold these investments until the cost basis is recovered. Realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities were immaterial for all periods presented.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Note 4. Property and Equipment A summary of property and equipment is as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2017 2016 Computer and office equipment $ 16,763 $ 15,740 Software 4,710 3,631 Furniture 1,534 1,561 Leasehold improvements 9,354 8,986 32,361 29,918 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (21,924 ) (17,091 ) Property and equipment, net $ 10,437 $ 12,827 Depreciation million, and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Warrants

Warrants	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Warrants [Abstract]
Warrants	Note 5. Warrants Common Stock Warrants In connection with entering into and amending the senior credit facility, see Note 12, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 21,208 shares of Class B common stock at an exercise price of $14.31 per share. On September 26, 2016, one of the warrant holders exercised warrants to purchase 10,604 shares of Class B common stock. The remaining warrants to purchase 10,604 shares of Class B common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2017. Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant The Company previously issued a warrant to purchase 27,321 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock in conjunction with a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB, at an exercise price of $1.37255 per share. Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, this warrant was converted to a warrant to purchase 27,321 shares of Class B common stock. On September 26, 2016, the warrant holder exercised the warrant and the Company issued 25,658 shares of Class B common stock through a cashless exercise of the warrant, in accordance with its terms.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock As of December 31, 2017, the Company had authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which no shares were issued and outstanding. Common Stock As of December 31, 2017 the Company had authorized 451,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 44,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each par value $0.0001 per share, of which 27,402,965 shares and 14,709,981 shares of Class A and Class B common stock, respectively, were issued and outstanding. Holders of Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to one vote per share and ten votes per share, respectively. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer, subject to certain exceptions, and upon the earlier of (1) the seventh anniversary of the closing of the IPO, and (2) the date on which the Class B common stock ceases to represent at least 25% of the outstanding common stock. The shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except for voting and conversion rights. During the year ended December 31, 2017, 16,782,886 shares of Class B common stock were converted into 16,782,886 shares of Class A common stock at the request of the holders thereof.

Equity Incentive Plans

Equity Incentive Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Equity Incentive Plans	Note 7. Equity Incentive Plans 2016 Equity Incentive Plan The Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2016 Plan, became effective on September 21, 2016. The 2016 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, or ISOs, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, to the Company’s employees or any of the Company’s subsidiaries’ employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, or NSOs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, or RSUs, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries’ employees and consultants. As of December 31, 2017, the total number of shares available for issuance under the 2016 Plan was 4,237,746. These available shares will automatically increase each January 1, by the least of 5,500,000 shares of Class A common stock, by 5% of the outstanding shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock as of the last day of the Company’s immediately preceding fiscal year, and such other amount as the Company’s board of directors may determine on or before the last day of the Company’s immediately preceding fiscal year. Pursuant to the above, on January 1, 2018, the number of available shares automatically increased by 2,105,647. 2007 Stock Plan The Company granted options under its 2007 stock plan, as amended, or the 2007 Plan, until September 23, 2016, when the plan was terminated in connection with the Company’s IPO. Accordingly, no shares are available for future issuance under this plan. The 2007 Plan continues to govern outstanding equity awards granted thereunder. 2011 Executive Equity Incentive Plan The Company granted options under its 2011 executive equity incentive plan as amended, or the 2011 Plan, until September 23, 2016, when the plan was terminated in connection with the Company’s IPO. Accordingly, no shares are available for future issuance under this plan. The 2011 Plan continues to govern outstanding equity awards granted thereunder. 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or 2016 ESPP, became effective on September 21, 2016. As of December 31, 2017, the total number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2016 ESPP was 821,635 These available shares will automatically increase each January 1, by the least of 1,600,000 shares of Class A common stock, 1% of the number of shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the immediately preceding fiscal year, and such lesser number of shares as determined by the Company’s board of directors. Pursuant to the above, on January 1, 2018, the number of available shares automatically increased by 421,129. The 2016 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of their eligible compensation, subject to any plan limitations. Except for the initial offering period, the 2016 ESPP provides for separate six-month offering periods beginning November 30 and May 31 of each fiscal year. The initial offering period ran from September 23, 2016 through May 31, 2017. The initial offering period included the employee enrollment period, which ran from September 23, 2016 to November 10, 2016, at which time employee deductions commenced. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase the Company’s Class A common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the first trading day of the offering period, and/or (2) the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date. Stock Options Stock options are exercisable at a price equal to the market value of the underlying shares of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant as determined by the Company’s board of directors or, for those stock options issued subsequent to the IPO, the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 2016 Plan, 2011 Plan and the 2007 Plan generally vest 25% one year from the date the requisite service period begins and continue to vest monthly for each month of continued employment over the remaining three years. Options granted generally are exercisable for a period of up to 10 years. Stock option activity under the 2016 Plan, 2011 Plan and the 2007 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017 was as follows (in thousands, except per share and contractual life data): Weighted- Weighted- Average Average Remaining Total Options Exercise Price Contractual Intrinsic Outstanding per Share Life (years) Value Outstanding at December 31, 2016 11,203 $ 9.49 Options granted 451 16.97 Options exercised (3,339 ) 6.56 Options forfeited or canceled (825 ) 13.84 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 7,490 $ 10.76 6.41 $ 95,553 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2017 7,410 $ 10.71 6.39 $ 94,925 Exercisable at December 31, 2017 4,935 $ 8.74 5.53 $ 72,930 The weighted-average n n The total intrinsic value n n 2017, n and n The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Risk-free interest rate 1.8% - 2.1% 1.1% - 2.1% 1.3% - 2.0% Expected life 4.1 - 5.6 5.6 - 7.9 5.0 - 6.1 Expected volatility 33.3% - 35.4% 37.4% - 42.4% 38.9% - 47.0% The weighted-average and The Company has not declared As of December 31, 2017, there was a total of $14.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation associated with options granted under the 2007, 2011 and 2016 Plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining expected term of 2.3 years RSUs RSU activity under the 2016 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017 was as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted-Average RSUs Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding per Share Non-Vested outstanding at December 31, 2016 628 $ 16.43 Granted 1,741 15.97 Vested (128 ) 16.46 Forfeited or canceled (211 ) 15.27 Non-Vested outstanding at December 31, 2017 2,030 $ 16.15 RSUs granted under the 2016 Plan generally vest 25% one year from the date the requisite service period begins and continue to vest quarterly for each quarter of continued employment over the remaining three years. The aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs granted in 2017 and 2016 was $27.8 million and $10.4 million, respectively. We recognized $5.3 million of stock-based compensation associated with RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to unvested RSUs was approximately $28.8 million and weighted-average remaining vesting period was 3.3 years. ESPP There were 311,742 shares of Class A common stock issued under the 2016 ESPP. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of common shares to be issued under the 2016 ESPP was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% Risk-free interest rate 1.07% - 1.45% 0.6% Expected life 0.50 0.56 Expected volatility 27.0% - 44.3% 33.9% Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s statement of comprehensive loss was as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Cost of revenue Subscription $ 1,218 $ 891 $ 482 Professional services 1,131 820 738 Operating expenses Research and development 4,491 2,977 2,283 Sales and marketing 4,614 3,132 2,477 General and administrative 4,616 2,639 1,835 Total stock-based compensation $ 16,070 $ 10,459 $ 7,815

Net Loss Per Share Attributable

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Note 8. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders The Company calculates basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders in conformity with the two-class method required for companies with participating securities. The Company considers all series of convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holders of convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, options to purchase common stock and warrants to purchase common stock and convertible preferred stock are considered common stock equivalents, but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented, as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been antidilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (25,621 ) $ (31,553 ) $ (41,007 ) Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted 39,754 19,595 12,653 Net loss per common share - basic and diluted $ (0.64 ) $ (1.61 ) $ (3.24 ) The following weighted-average outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Options to purchase common shares 9,611 10,969 9,294 Restricted stock units 1,415 41 — Employee stock purchase plan shares 191 29 — Common stock warrant 11 36 6 Convertible preferred shares (as converted) — 13,505 18,240 Preferred stock warrant (as converted) — 20 27 11,228 24,600 27,567

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Note 9. Income Taxes On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act, was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The Company has estimated the provision for income taxes in accordance with the Tax Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing, and as a result recorded a reduction of $30.0 million in its deferred tax assets, which is entirely offset by its valuation allowance resulting in zero total tax expense in the period in which the legislation was enacted. The provisional amount related to the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, was $30.0 million. The provisional amount related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was $0.7 million based on cumulative foreign earnings of $5.5 million. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, or SAB 118, was issued to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. Additional work is necessary for a more detailed analysis of the deferred tax assets and liabilities and the Company’s historical foreign earnings as well as potential correlative adjustments. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete. The components of loss before provision for income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 United States $ (33,268 ) $ (26,161 ) $ (40,805 ) Foreign 8,208 (4,940 ) (93 ) Total $ (25,060 ) $ (31,101 ) $ (40,898 ) The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Current: Federal $ — $ — $ — State 2 7 21 Foreign 559 445 88 Total 561 452 109 Deferred: Federal — — — State — — — Foreign — — — Total — — — Provision for income taxes $ 561 $ 452 $ 109 The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory income tax rate of 34% and the provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Income tax benefit at statutory rate $ (8,520 ) $ (10,574 ) $ (13,832 ) Statutory rate change 30,019 — — State taxes, net of federal benefit (2,612 ) (213 ) 14 Impact of foreign income taxes (2,233 ) 2,124 119 Stock-based compensation (7,542 ) 2,340 1,629 Foreign exchange loss (gain) 1,990 (1,920 ) — Change in valuation allowance (8,782 ) 9,510 12,673 Impact of ASU 2016-09 (1,809 ) — — Transition tax 695 — — Research and development credits (833 ) (764 ) (674 ) Other 188 (51 ) 180 $ 561 $ 452 $ 109 The reconciliation of the statutory rate of 34% and the Company’s effective rate of -2.24% is driven primarily by effects of the Tax Act, increased tax deductions related to stock compensation, and change in the relative amounts of income earned in foreign jurisdictions . At December 31, 2017, n The Company’s December 31, Deferred tax assets (liabilities) 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 49,996 $ 58,457 Deferred revenue 604 372 Tax credits 3,662 2,829 Accrued payroll 646 935 Accrued expenses not currently deductible 1,239 2,121 Non-qualified stock options 2,689 3,164 Depreciation and amortization 350 128 Other 84 46 Gross deferred assets 59,270 68,052 Valuation allowance (59,270 ) (68,052 ) Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance — — Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization — — Unrealized foreign currency gain/loss — — Total deferred tax liabilities — — Net deferred assets $ — $ — The Company has established The net change December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ (68,052 ) $ (58,542 ) $ (45,011 ) Tax valuation increase (1,324 ) (9,779 ) (14,375 ) Tax valuation decrease 10,106 269 844 Balance at end of period $ (59,270 ) $ (68,052 ) $ (58,542 ) The calculation Income Taxe s Although The total balance Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 2,829 $ 2,065 $ 1,391 Additions for tax positions in prior years — — — Additions for tax positions in the current year 833 764 674 Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 3,662 $ 2,829 $ 2,065 The Company files income tax s France, ,

Segments

Segments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segments	Note 10. Segments The Company operates its business as one operating segment. Its chief operating decision makers, or CODMs, are its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The CODMs review separate revenue information for the Company’s subscription and professional services revenue, and all other financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. Revenue The following table sets forth the Company’s total revenue by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as determined based on the billing address of the customer (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Americas $ 135,289 $ 120,306 $ 101,192 EMEA 43,661 33,800 22,296 APAC 9,569 6,463 5,763 $ 188,519 $ 160,569 $ 129,251 Revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 99% of Americas revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Long-lived Assets The following table sets forth the Company’s long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation, by geographic areas as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, 2017 2016 Americas $ 8,502 $ 10,894 EMEA 1,648 1,523 APAC 287 410 $ 10,437 $ 12,827

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies Leases The Company has entered into non-cancellable operating leases, primarily related to rental of office space and certain office equipment. Certain lease agreements include rent payment escalation clauses and free rent (rent holidays). The total amount of base rentals over the term of the leases is charged to expense using the straight-line method with the amount of the rental expense in excess of lease payments recorded as a deferred rent liability. Total rent expense for operating leases was $4.1 million, $3.8 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company also finances the purchase of certain office equipment under capital lease arrangements. Other Commitments The Company has entered into certain other non-cancellable agreements for software and marketing services that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, pricing provisions and the approximate timing of the transaction. Obligations under contracts that are cancellable or with remaining terms of 12 months or less are not included. Future minimum payments under non-cancellable operating and capital lease agreements and other non-cancellable agreements as of December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31, Operating Leases Capital Leases Other Obligations 2018 $ 4,439 $ 22 $ 1,107 2019 4,227 20 827 2020 3,493 7 349 2021 3,564 — — 2022 3,662 — — Thereafter 307 — — Total Minimum Lease Payments $ 19,692 $ 49 $ 2,283 Less amounts representing interest (2 ) Present value of capital lease obligations 47 Less: Current portion (21 ) Long-term portion of capital lease obligations $ 26 Legal Matters From time to time, the Company has become involved in claims and other legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company investigates these claims as they arise. Although claims are inherently unpredictable, the Company is currently not aware of any matters that may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows, individually or in the aggregate. The Company accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and estimable. As of December 31, 2017, the Company does not believe that any material losses relating to claims were probable and estimable, and therefore has not recorded a reserve for any material contingencies.

Credit Facilities

Credit Facilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Credit Facilities	Note 12. Credit Facilities On April 20, 2016, the Company amended a revolving credit agreement, or the senior credit facility, with Silicon Valley Bank. The Company was able to incur revolver borrowings on a borrowing base tied to the amount of eligible accounts receivable, not to exceed $15.0 million, under the senior credit facility. The revolver matured and expired on June 16, 2017 with no amounts outstanding. The senior credit facility was not renewed and, therefore, the Company has no active credit facilities.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Note 13. Subsequent Events On February 2, 2018, the Company acquired all outstanding membership interests of Digital Fuel SV, LLC, or Digital Fuel. The Company acquired Digital Fuel to extend its leadership of the Technology Business Market and broaden the Company’s customer base. The Company’s accounting and analysis of this transaction is pending completion. The total estimated consideration for Digital Fuel was $42.5 million, comprised of $38.3 million in cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments provided for in the Purchase Agreement, and 176,406 shares of Apptio’s Class A common stock.

Quarterly Financial Information

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)	Note 14. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) The following table contains selected unaudited financial data for each quarter of 2017 2016. Three Months Ended Dec 31, 2017 Sept 30, 2017 June 30, 2017 March 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Sept 30, 2016 June 30, 2016 March 31, 2016 Total revenue $ 52,367 $ 46,996 $ 45,225 $ 43,931 $ 44,320 $ 40,627 $ 38,779 $ 36,843 Gross profit $ 37,682 $ 33,066 $ 30,706 $ 28,512 $ 29,900 $ 26,638 $ 25,624 $ 24,247 Net loss $ (6,890 ) $ (5,171 ) $ (7,013 ) $ (6,547 ) $ (7,917 ) $ (8,755 ) $ (8,985 ) $ (5,896 ) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.17 ) $ (0.13 ) $ (0.18 ) $ (0.17 ) $ (0.21 ) $ (0.63 ) $ (0.69 ) $ (0.45 )

Description of Operations and22

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Deferred Offering Costs	Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs of $3.7 million, consisting of legal, accounting and other costs related to the IPO, were reclassified to additional paid-in capital as a reduction of the proceeds upon the closing of our IPO on September 28, 2016.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Accounting Principles	Accounting Principles The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties	Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties The Company continues to be subject to the risks and challenges associated with other companies at a similar stage of development, including risks associated with: dependence on key personnel; successful marketing and sale of its solutions and adaptation of such solutions to changing market dynamics and customer preferences; competition from alternative products and services, including from larger companies that have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more and better established customer relationships and greater resources than the Company; and the ability to raise additional capital to support future growth. Since inception through December 31, 2017, the Company has incurred losses from operations, and accumulated a deficit of $225.9 million, and has been dependent on equity and debt financing to fund operations.
Operating Segments	Operating The Company follows The Company operates its business
Foreign Currency	Foreign Currency The functional
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Certain gains
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash The Company considers all
Investments	Investments The Company classifies equity (
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair At December 31, 2017 and 2016 the Company has the following The fair Fair value Level 1 Level 2 . Level 3 The lowest level
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Allowance for The Company performs If Activity within December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ 122 $ 289 $ 450 Charges, net of reversals 291 (93 ) (3 ) Write-offs — (74 ) (158 ) Balance at end of period $ 413 $ 122 $ 289
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Financial
Advertising	Advertising Advertising for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 ,
Interest Expense	Interest Interest . In 2016 and 2015, interest expense consists of interest on capital leases y
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property Computer and office equipment 2-3 years Software 1-3 years Furniture 3 years Leasehold In .
Preferred Stock Warrant Liability	Preferred Stock Warrant The Company classified Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, the warrant to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock was converted to a warrant to purchase shares of Class B common stock and was no longer classified as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. On September 26, 2016, the warrant holder exercised the warrant and the Company issued shares of Class B common stock through a cashless exercise of the warrant, in accordance with its terms. See Note 5 for additional information.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue The Company derives its revenue from The Company recognizes The Company enters When The The Company estimates The Company recognizes Professional - If Fees for On Deferred revenue represents
Research and Development	Research Research and development
Capitalized Software Costs	Capitalized For development 2015,
Cost Allocation	Cost Allocation The Company allocates
Sales Commissions	Sales Commissions The Company pays sales commissions to
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company follows The Company recognizes The Company’s
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based The Company recognizes The Company’s e
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2017-09 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, adopted this new standard as of January 1, 2017. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has accumulated excess tax benefits from temporary differences resulting from the amount and timing of stock-based compensation expense recorded in our financial statements compared to deductions on its income tax return from the award compensation that reduces the net operating loss deferred tax asset. The Company provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets since it has been determined that it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Upon adoption of this standard, the stock-based compensation excess tax benefit was eliminated, resulting in an increase to the net operating loss deferred tax asset, with a corresponding increase in the valuation allowance. The Company elected to continue to estimate the number of share-based awards expected to vest, rather than electing to account for forfeitures as they occur to determine the amount of stock-based compensation expense to be recognized each period. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16 , Inter-Entity Transfers of Assets other than Inventory In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and the guidance must be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. The Company is in process of finalizing its assessment of the new standard, including ascribing the appropriate amortization period to the respective commission costs. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2018 and will utilize the full retrospective transition method. The impact of adopting this standard on 2017 and 2016 subscription and services revenue is not material. The primary impact of the standard will be the requirement to capitalize certain contract costs, such as commissions, which are currently being expensed as incurred. Because these costs will now be capitalized and amortized over the period benefited by the transaction, the Company expects that adoption of this standard will result in marginally lower sales and marketing expense in scenarios where current period sales results are higher than the prior period sales results. In scenarios where current period sales results are lower than the prior period sales results, the Company expects sales and marketing expenses will be marginally higher than if the Company had expensed these selling costs as incurred. Under the new standard, the Company will defer commission costs to obtain customer subscription contracts and will amortize these costs over a period of benefit that we have determined to be four years for new subscription agreements, and over the term of the respective subscription for renewals of subscription agreements. Commissions on service arrangements will continue to be expensed as incurred as the term for these arrangements is typically less than 12 months. The Company expects this to materially reduce annual sales and marketing expenses.

Description of Operations and23

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Activity within Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Activity within December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ 122 $ 289 $ 450 Charges, net of reversals 291 (93 ) (3 ) Write-offs — (74 ) (158 ) Balance at end of period $ 413 $ 122 $ 289
Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Lives	Property Computer and office equipment 2-3 years Software 1-3 years Furniture 3 years

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value	The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that have been measured at fair value as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market funds $ 24,225 $ — $ 24,225 Corporate notes and obligations — 38,020 38,020 U.S. government treasury securities 55,881 — 55,881 $ 80,106 $ 38,020 $ 118,126 December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market funds $ 18,029 $ — $ 18,029 Corporate notes and obligations — 33,840 33,840 U.S. government treasury securities 41,347 — 41,347 $ 59,376 $ 33,840 $ 93,216

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Available For Sale Securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost and Fair Value on Available-for-Sale Investments and Unrealized Gains and Losses	The amortized cost and fair value on the available-for-sale investments and unrealized gains and losses as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value Amounts maturing in one year or less Corporate notes and obligations $ 38,044 $ — $ (24 ) $ 38,020 U.S. government treasury securities 55,967 — (86 ) 55,881 Total short-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 94,011 $ — $ (110 ) $ 93,901 December 31, 2016 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value Amounts maturing in one year or less Corporate notes and obligations $ 29,866 $ — $ (25 ) $ 29,841 U.S. government treasury securities 6,900 — — 6,900 Total short-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 36,766 $ — $ (25 ) $ 36,741 Amounts maturing in greater than one year Corporate notes and obligations $ 4,010 $ — $ (11 ) $ 3,999 U.S. government treasury securities 34,505 — (58 ) 34,447 Total long-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 38,515 $ — $ (69 ) $ 38,446
Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value for Investments in Unrealized Loss Position	The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2017, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Corporate notes and obligations $ 18,873 $ (22 ) $ 3,998 $ (3 ) U.S. government treasury securities 24,415 (52 ) 31,466 (33 ) Total short-term available-for-sale debt securities $ 43,288 $ (74 ) $ 35,464 $ (36 )

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Summary of Property and Equipment	A summary of property and equipment is as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2017 2016 Computer and office equipment $ 16,763 $ 15,740 Software 4,710 3,631 Furniture 1,534 1,561 Leasehold improvements 9,354 8,986 32,361 29,918 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (21,924 ) (17,091 ) Property and equipment, net $ 10,437 $ 12,827

Equity Incentive Plans (Tables)

Equity Incentive Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2007 Plan, 2011 Plan and 2016 Plan	Stock option activity under the 2016 Plan, 2011 Plan and the 2007 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017 was as follows (in thousands, except per share and contractual life data): Weighted- Weighted- Average Average Remaining Total Options Exercise Price Contractual Intrinsic Outstanding per Share Life (years) Value Outstanding at December 31, 2016 11,203 $ 9.49 Options granted 451 16.97 Options exercised (3,339 ) 6.56 Options forfeited or canceled (825 ) 13.84 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 7,490 $ 10.76 6.41 $ 95,553 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2017 7,410 $ 10.71 6.39 $ 94,925 Exercisable at December 31, 2017 4,935 $ 8.74 5.53 $ 72,930
Schedule of Fair Value of Stock Option Granted Estimated the Date of Granting Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model	The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Risk-free interest rate 1.8% - 2.1% 1.1% - 2.1% 1.3% - 2.0% Expected life 4.1 - 5.6 5.6 - 7.9 5.0 - 6.1 Expected volatility 33.3% - 35.4% 37.4% - 42.4% 38.9% - 47.0%
Summary of RSU Activity Under 2016 Plan	RSU activity under the 2016 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017 was as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted-Average RSUs Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding per Share Non-Vested outstanding at December 31, 2016 628 $ 16.43 Granted 1,741 15.97 Vested (128 ) 16.46 Forfeited or canceled (211 ) 15.27 Non-Vested outstanding at December 31, 2017 2,030 $ 16.15
Schedule of Fair Value of Common Shares to be Issued Under the 2016 ESPP	There were 311,742 shares of Class A common stock issued under the 2016 ESPP. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of common shares to be issued under the 2016 ESPP was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Dividend yield 0.0% 0.0% Risk-free interest rate 1.07% - 1.45% 0.6% Expected life 0.50 0.56 Expected volatility 27.0% - 44.3% 33.9%
Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expenses	Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s statement of comprehensive loss was as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Cost of revenue Subscription $ 1,218 $ 891 $ 482 Professional services 1,131 820 738 Operating expenses Research and development 4,491 2,977 2,283 Sales and marketing 4,614 3,132 2,477 General and administrative 4,616 2,639 1,835 Total stock-based compensation $ 16,070 $ 10,459 $ 7,815

Net Loss Per Share Attributab28

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (25,621 ) $ (31,553 ) $ (41,007 ) Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted 39,754 19,595 12,653 Net loss per common share - basic and diluted $ (0.64 ) $ (1.61 ) $ (3.24 )
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share	The following weighted-average outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Options to purchase common shares 9,611 10,969 9,294 Restricted stock units 1,415 41 — Employee stock purchase plan shares 191 29 — Common stock warrant 11 36 6 Convertible preferred shares (as converted) — 13,505 18,240 Preferred stock warrant (as converted) — 20 27 11,228 24,600 27,567

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Loss Before Provision for Income Taxes	The components of loss before provision for income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 United States $ (33,268 ) $ (26,161 ) $ (40,805 ) Foreign 8,208 (4,940 ) (93 ) Total $ (25,060 ) $ (31,101 ) $ (40,898 )
Schedule of Components of Provision for Income Taxes	The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Current: Federal $ — $ — $ — State 2 7 21 Foreign 559 445 88 Total 561 452 109 Deferred: Federal — — — State — — — Foreign — — — Total — — — Provision for income taxes $ 561 $ 452 $ 109
Schedule of Income Taxes Computed at Federal Statutory and Provision Income Taxes	The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory income tax rate of 34% and the provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Income tax benefit at statutory rate $ (8,520 ) $ (10,574 ) $ (13,832 ) Statutory rate change 30,019 — — State taxes, net of federal benefit (2,612 ) (213 ) 14 Impact of foreign income taxes (2,233 ) 2,124 119 Stock-based compensation (7,542 ) 2,340 1,629 Foreign exchange loss (gain) 1,990 (1,920 ) — Change in valuation allowance (8,782 ) 9,510 12,673 Impact of ASU 2016-09 (1,809 ) — — Transition tax 695 — — Research and development credits (833 ) (764 ) (674 ) Other 188 (51 ) 180 $ 561 $ 452 $ 109
Schedule of Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets	The Company’s December 31, Deferred tax assets (liabilities) 2017 2016 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 49,996 $ 58,457 Deferred revenue 604 372 Tax credits 3,662 2,829 Accrued payroll 646 935 Accrued expenses not currently deductible 1,239 2,121 Non-qualified stock options 2,689 3,164 Depreciation and amortization 350 128 Other 84 46 Gross deferred assets 59,270 68,052 Valuation allowance (59,270 ) (68,052 ) Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance — — Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization — — Unrealized foreign currency gain/loss — — Total deferred tax liabilities — — Net deferred assets $ — $ —
Net Change in Total Valuation Allowance	The net change December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ (68,052 ) $ (58,542 ) $ (45,011 ) Tax valuation increase (1,324 ) (9,779 ) (14,375 ) Tax valuation decrease 10,106 269 844 Balance at end of period $ (59,270 ) $ (68,052 ) $ (58,542 )
Summary of Unrecognized Gross Tax Benefits	The total balance Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 2,829 $ 2,065 $ 1,391 Additions for tax positions in prior years — — — Additions for tax positions in the current year 833 764 674 Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 3,662 $ 2,829 $ 2,065

Segments (Tables)

Segments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summary of Revenue by Geographic Areas	The following table sets forth the Company’s total revenue by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as determined based on the billing address of the customer (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Americas $ 135,289 $ 120,306 $ 101,192 EMEA 43,661 33,800 22,296 APAC 9,569 6,463 5,763 $ 188,519 $ 160,569 $ 129,251
Summary of Long-lived Assets, Net of Accumulated Depreciation, by Geographic Areas	The following table sets forth the Company’s long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation, by geographic areas as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, 2017 2016 Americas $ 8,502 $ 10,894 EMEA 1,648 1,523 APAC 287 410 $ 10,437 $ 12,827

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under Non-Cancellable Operating and Capital Lease Agreements and Other Non-Cancellable Agreements	Future minimum payments under non-cancellable operating and capital lease agreements and other non-cancellable agreements as of December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31, Operating Leases Capital Leases Other Obligations 2018 $ 4,439 $ 22 $ 1,107 2019 4,227 20 827 2020 3,493 7 349 2021 3,564 — — 2022 3,662 — — Thereafter 307 — — Total Minimum Lease Payments $ 19,692 $ 49 $ 2,283 Less amounts representing interest (2 ) Present value of capital lease obligations 47 Less: Current portion (21 ) Long-term portion of capital lease obligations $ 26

Quarterly Financial Informati32

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Selected Unaudited Financial Data	The following table contains selected unaudited financial data for each quarter of 2017 2016. Three Months Ended Dec 31, 2017 Sept 30, 2017 June 30, 2017 March 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Sept 30, 2016 June 30, 2016 March 31, 2016 Total revenue $ 52,367 $ 46,996 $ 45,225 $ 43,931 $ 44,320 $ 40,627 $ 38,779 $ 36,843 Gross profit $ 37,682 $ 33,066 $ 30,706 $ 28,512 $ 29,900 $ 26,638 $ 25,624 $ 24,247 Net loss $ (6,890 ) $ (5,171 ) $ (7,013 ) $ (6,547 ) $ (7,917 ) $ (8,755 ) $ (8,985 ) $ (5,896 ) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.17 ) $ (0.13 ) $ (0.18 ) $ (0.17 ) $ (0.21 ) $ (0.63 ) $ (0.69 ) $ (0.45 )

Description of Operations and33

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	Sep. 28, 2016USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)Segment	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred offering costs				$ 3,698,000
Accumulated deficit			$ (225,945,000)	(200,324,000)
Number of operating segment | Segment			1
Advertising expenses			$ 7,700,000	7,400,000	$ 7,500,000
Interest expense capitalized			0	0	0
Software development costs capitalized			$ 700,000	$ 1,100,000	$ 800,000
Common Class B Converted From Common
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Conversion ratio		100.00%
Common Class B Converted From Common Stock Warrants
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Conversion ratio		100.00%
Warrants outstanding | shares		47,893
Common Class B Converted From Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Conversion ratio		100.00%
Warrants outstanding | shares		27,321
Convertible Preferred Stock
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Conversion of preferred stock to Class B common stock, Shares | shares		18,239,475		(18,240,000)
IPO
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred offering costs	$ 3,700,000
IPO | Class A Common Stock
Description Of Operations And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Shares sold (in shares) | shares		6,900,000
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 16
Net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses		$ 99,000,000

Description of Operations and34

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Activity within Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Receivables [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 122	$ 289	$ 450
Charges, net of reversals	291	(93)	(3)
Write-offs		(74)	(158)
Balance at end of period	$ 413	$ 122	$ 289

Description of Operations and35

Description of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Lives (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Furniture
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful lives	3 years
Minimum | Computer and Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful lives	2 years
Minimum | Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful lives	1 year
Maximum | Computer and Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful lives	3 years
Maximum | Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful lives	3 years

Fair Value Measurements - Sched

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, net asset (liability)	$ 118,126	$ 93,216
Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, net asset (liability)	80,106	59,376
Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, net asset (liability)	38,020	33,840
Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, assets	24,225	18,029
Money Market Funds | Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, assets	24,225	18,029
U.S. Government Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, assets	55,881	41,347
U.S. Government Treasury Securities | Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, assets	55,881	41,347
Corporate Notes and Obligations
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, assets	38,020	33,840
Corporate Notes and Obligations | Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value, assets	$ 38,020	$ 33,840

Investments - Amortized Cost an

Investments - Amortized Cost and Fair Value on Available-for-Sale Investments and Unrealized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Amounts Maturing in One Year or Less
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities, Amortized Cost	$ 94,011	$ 36,766
Available-for-sale debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(110)	(25)
Available-for-sale debt securities, Fair Value	93,901	36,741
Amounts Maturing in One Year or Less | Corporate Notes and Obligations
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities, Amortized Cost	38,044	29,866
Available-for-sale debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(24)	(25)
Available-for-sale debt securities, Fair Value	38,020	29,841
Amounts Maturing in One Year or Less | U.S. Government Treasury Securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities, Amortized Cost	55,967	6,900
Available-for-sale debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(86)
Available-for-sale debt securities, Fair Value	$ 55,881	6,900
Amounts Maturing in Greater than One Year
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities, Amortized Cost		38,515
Available-for-sale debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses		(69)
Available-for-sale debt securities, Fair Value		38,446
Amounts Maturing in Greater than One Year | Corporate Notes and Obligations
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities, Amortized Cost		4,010
Available-for-sale debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses		(11)
Available-for-sale debt securities, Fair Value		3,999
Amounts Maturing in Greater than One Year | U.S. Government Treasury Securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities, Amortized Cost		34,505
Available-for-sale debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses		(58)
Available-for-sale debt securities, Fair Value		$ 34,447

Investments - Gross Unrealized

Investments - Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value for Investments in Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, Fair Value	$ 43,288
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Loss	(74)
12 months or greater, Fair Value	35,464
12 months or greater, Unrealized Loss	(36)
Corporate Notes and Obligations
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, Fair Value	18,873
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Loss	(22)
12 months or greater, Fair Value	3,998
12 months or greater, Unrealized Loss	(3)
U.S. Government Treasury Securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, Fair Value	24,415
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Loss	(52)
12 months or greater, Fair Value	31,466
12 months or greater, Unrealized Loss	$ (33)

Investments - Additional Inform

Investments - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Available For Sale Securities [Abstract]
Other-than-temporarily impairment, unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments	$ 0

Property and Equipment - Summar

Property and Equipment - Summary of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 32,361	$ 29,918
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(21,924)	(17,091)
Property and equipment, net	10,437	12,827
Computer and Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	16,763	15,740
Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,710	3,631
Furniture
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,534	1,561
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 9,354	$ 8,986

Property and Equipment - Additi

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 6,100,000	$ 6,000,000	$ 6,500,000
Property and equipment, gross	192,000	198,000
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	148,000	113,000
Computer and Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Fully depreciated computer and office equipment retired	$ 1,500,000	$ 1,500,000

Warrants - Additional Informati

Warrants - Additional Information (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 26, 2016	Apr. 30, 2016
Class B Common Stock | Subordinated Loan And Security Agreement
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants issued to purchase shares	27,321
Common stock issued through cashless exercise of warrant		25,658
Class B Common Stock | Subordinated Loan And Security Agreement
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants issued to purchase shares			21,208
Exercise price of warrant			$ 14.31
Class B Common Stock | Warrant Holder One
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants issued to purchase shares		10,604
Warrants outstanding	10,604
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | Subordinated Loan And Security Agreement
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Warrants issued to purchase shares	27,321
Exercise price of warrant	$ 1.37255

Stockholders' Equity - Addition

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000
Preferred stock, par value | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0
Preferred stock, shares issued	0
Conversion of stock, description	Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer, subject to certain exceptions, and upon the earlier of (1) the seventh anniversary of the closing of the IPO, and (2) the date on which the Class B common stock ceases to represent at least 25% of the outstanding common stock.
Class A Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized	451,000,000
Common stock, par value | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued	27,402,965
Common stock, shares outstanding	27,402,965
Common stock, entitled for voting rights	one vote per share
Number of shares issued for conversion	16,782,886
Class B Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized	44,000,000
Common stock, par value | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued	14,709,981
Common stock, shares outstanding	14,709,981
Common stock, entitled for voting rights	ten votes per share
Percentage of outstanding common stock, minimum	25.00%
Number of shares converted	16,782,886

Equity Incentive Plans - Additi

Equity Incentive Plans - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceed from stock option exercises		$ 21,868	$ 1,333	$ 2,670
Stock-based Compensation		$ 16,070	$ 10,459	$ 7,815
Stock Option
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Remaining vesting period		3 years
Stock options, exercisable period		10 years
Weighted-average grant date fair value of option granted		$ 5.94	$ 5.73	$ 6.05
Fair value of shares vested		$ 11,600	$ 8,300	$ 7,600
Total intrinsic value of options exercised		38,500	2,900	5,400
Proceed from stock option exercises		$ 21,900	$ 1,300	$ 2,700
Stock option, weighted average volatility rate		34.70%	38.90%	42.70%
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 14,900
Weighted-average remaining expected term		2 years 3 months 18 days
Stock Option | One year from the date of requisite service
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage granted		25.00%
RSU
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Remaining vesting period		3 years
Weighted-average remaining expected term		3 years 3 months 18 days
Aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs granted		$ 27,800	$ 10,400
Stock-based Compensation		5,300
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 28,800
RSU | One year from the date of requisite service
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage granted		25.00%
2016 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for future issuance			4,237,746
Automatically increase percentage of shares of all classes of company's common stock outstanding			5.00%
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Subsequent Event
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Automatically increase of shares reserved for issuance	2,105,647
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Automatically increase of shares reserved for issuance			5,500,000
2007 Stock Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for future issuance		0
2011 Executive Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for future issuance		0
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Automatically increase percentage of shares of all classes of company's common stock outstanding		1.00%
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Common Shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares issued			311,742
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Class A Common Stock
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for future issuance		821,635
Automatically increase of shares reserved for issuance		1,600,000
Purchase price of common stock, percent		85.00%
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Subsequent Event | Class A Common Stock
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Automatically increase of shares reserved for issuance	421,129

Equity Incentive Plans - Summar

Equity Incentive Plans - Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2016 Plan, 2011 Plan and 2007 Plan (Details) - Stock Option $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Options Outstanding
Outstanding at beginning of period | shares	11,203,000
Options granted | shares	451,000
Options exercised | shares	(3,339,000)
Options forfeited or canceled | shares	(825,000)
Outstanding at end of period | shares	7,490,000
Vested and expected to vest at end of period | shares	7,410,000
Exercisable at end of period | shares	4,935,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period | $ / shares	$ 9.49
Options granted | $ / shares	16.97
Options exercised | $ / shares	6.56
Options forfeited or canceled | $ / shares	13.84
Outstanding at end of period | $ / shares	10.76
Vested and expected to vest at end of period | $ / shares	10.71
Exercisable at end of period | $ / shares	$ 8.74
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Outstanding	6 years 4 months 28 days
Vested and expected to vest at end of period	6 years 4 months 20 days
Exercisable at end of period	5 years 6 months 10 days
Total Intrinsic Value | $	$ 95,553
Vested and expected to vest at end of period | $	94,925
Exercisable at end of period | $	$ 72,930

Equity Incentive Plans - Schedu

Equity Incentive Plans - Schedule of Fair Value of Stock Options Granted Estimated Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (Details) - Stock Option	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.80%	1.10%	1.30%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	2.10%	2.10%	2.00%
Expected volatility, minimum	33.30%	37.40%	38.90%
Expected volatility, maximum	35.40%	42.40%	47.00%
Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life	4 years 1 month 6 days	5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years
Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life	5 years 7 months 6 days	7 years 10 months 24 days	6 years 1 month 6 days

Equity Incentive Plans - Summ47

Equity Incentive Plans - Summary of RSU Activity Under 2016 Plan (Details) - RSU shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
RSU Outstanding
Non-Vested outstanding at beginning period | shares	628
Granted | shares	1,741
Vested | shares	(128)
Forfeited or canceled | shares	(211)
Non-Vested outstanding at end of period | shares	2,030
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Non-Vested outstanding at begging period | $ / shares	$ 16.43
Granted | $ / shares	15.97
Vested | $ / shares	16.46
Forfeited or canceled | $ / shares	15.27
Non-Vested outstanding at end of period | $ / shares	$ 16.15

Equity Incentive Plans - Sche48

Equity Incentive Plans - Schedule of Fair Value of Common Shares to be Issued Under the 2016 ESPP (Details) - 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.07%	0.60%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	1.45%
Expected life	6 months	6 months 21 days
Expected volatility, minimum	27.00%	33.90%
Expected volatility, maximum	44.30%

Equity Incentive Plans - Summ49

Equity Incentive Plans - Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based Compensation	$ 16,070	$ 10,459	$ 7,815
Cost of Revenue Subscription
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based Compensation	1,218	891	482
Cost of Revenue Professional Services
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based Compensation	1,131	820	738
Research and Development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based Compensation	4,491	2,977	2,283
Sales and Marketing
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based Compensation	4,614	3,132	2,477
General and Administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based Compensation	$ 4,616	$ 2,639	$ 1,835

Net Loss Per Share Attributab50

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (6,890)	$ (5,171)	$ (7,013)	$ (6,547)	$ (7,917)	$ (8,755)	$ (8,985)	$ (5,896)	$ (25,621)	$ (31,553)	$ (41,007)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted									39,754	19,595	12,653
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$ (0.17)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.63)	$ (0.69)	$ (0.45)	$ (0.64)	$ (1.61)	$ (3.24)

Net Loss Per Share Attributab51

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	11,228	24,600	27,567
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	191	29
Options to Purchase Common Shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	9,611	10,969	9,294
Restricted Stock Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	1,415	41
Common Stock Warrant
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	11	36	6
Preferred Stock Warrant (as converted)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share		20	27
Convertible Preferred Shares (as converted)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share		13,505	18,240

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Federal corporate tax rate			34.00%	34.00%	34.00%
Reduction in deferred tax assets due to change in tax rate			$ 30,019,000
Tax expense	$ 0		561,000	$ 452,000	$ 109,000
Provisional amount related to the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities			30,000,000
Provisional amount related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings			695,000
Cumulative foreign earnings			5,500,000
Net operating loss carryforwards, US	207,900,000		$ 207,900,000
Change in effective income tax rate, effort of Tax Act			(2.24%)
Accrued income tax for interest or penalties	$ 0		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Earliest Tax Year
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year			2,028
Open tax year for review by taxing authorities			2,011
Latest Tax Year
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year			2,036
Open tax year for review by taxing authorities			2,017
Scenario, Forecast
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Federal corporate tax rate		21.00%

Income Taxes - Components of Lo

Income Taxes - Components of Loss Before Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States	$ (33,268)	$ (26,161)	$ (40,805)
Foreign	8,208	(4,940)	(93)
Loss before provision for income taxes	$ (25,060)	$ (31,101)	$ (40,898)

Income Taxes - Components of Pr

Income Taxes - Components of Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current:
Federal		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
State		2	7	21
Foreign		559	445	88
Total		561	452	109
Deferred:
Federal		0	0	0
State		0	0	0
Foreign		0	0	0
Total		0	0	0
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 561	$ 452	$ 109

Income Taxes - Income Taxes Com

Income Taxes - Income Taxes Computed at Federal Statutory and Provision Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax benefit at statutory rate		$ (8,520)	$ (10,574)	$ (13,832)
Statutory rate change		30,019
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(2,612)	(213)	14
Impact of foreign income taxes		(2,233)	2,124	119
Stock-based compensation		(7,542)	2,340	1,629
Foreign exchange loss (gain)		1,990	(1,920)
Change in valuation allowance		(8,782)	9,510	12,673
Impact of ASU 2016-09		(1,809)
Transition tax		695
Research and development credits		(833)	(764)	(674)
Other		188	(51)	180
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 561	$ 452	$ 109

Income Taxes - Components of Ne

Income Taxes - Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 49,996	$ 58,457
Deferred revenue	604	372
Tax credits	3,662	2,829
Accrued payroll	646	935
Accrued expenses not currently deductible	1,239	2,121
Non-qualified stock options	2,689	3,164
Depreciation and amortization	350	128
Other	84	46
Gross deferred assets	59,270	68,052
Valuation allowance	(59,270)	(68,052)	$ (58,542)	$ (45,011)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	0	0
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization	0	0
Unrealized foreign currency gain/loss	0	0
Total deferred tax liabilities	0	0
Net deferred assets	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Net Change in To

Income Taxes - Net Change in Total Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (68,052)	$ (58,542)	$ (45,011)
Tax valuation increase	(1,324)	(9,779)	(14,375)
Tax valuation decrease	10,106	269	844
Balance at end of period	$ (59,270)	$ (68,052)	$ (58,542)

Income Taxes - Summary of Unrec

Income Taxes - Summary of Unrecognized Gross Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$ 2,829	$ 2,065	$ 1,391
Additions for tax positions in prior years	0	0	0
Additions for tax positions in the current year	833	764	674
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$ 3,662	$ 2,829	$ 2,065

Segments - Additional Informati

Segments - Additional Information (Details) - Segment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of operating segment	1
Americas | Revenue | Geographic Concentration Risk
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue attributable to United States	99.00%	99.00%	99.00%

Segments - Summary of Revenue b

Segments - Summary of Revenue by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 52,367	$ 46,996	$ 45,225	$ 43,931	$ 44,320	$ 40,627	$ 38,779	$ 36,843	$ 188,519	$ 160,569	$ 129,251
Americas
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue									135,289	120,306	101,192
EMEA
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue									43,661	33,800	22,296
APAC
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue									$ 9,569	$ 6,463	$ 5,763

Segments - Summary of Long-live

Segments - Summary of Long-lived Assets, Net of Accumulated Depreciation, by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation	$ 10,437	$ 12,827
Americas
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation	8,502	10,894
EMEA
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation	1,648	1,523
APAC
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net of accumulated depreciation	$ 287	$ 410

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Total rent expense for operating leases	$ 4.1	$ 3.8	$ 3.5

Commitments and Contingencies63

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under Non-Cancellable Operating and Capital Lease Agreements and Other Non-Cancellable Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating Leases
2,018	$ 4,439
2,019	4,227
2,020	3,493
2,021	3,564
2,022	3,662
Thereafter	307
Total Minimum Lease Payments	19,692
Capital Leases
2,018	22
2,019	20
2,020	7
Total Minimum Lease Payments	49
Less amounts representing interest	(2)
Present value of capital lease obligations	47
Less: Current portion	(21)	$ (43)
Capital leases, net of current portion	26	$ 51
Other Obligations
2,018	1,107
2,019	827
2,020	349
Total Minimum Lease Payments	$ 2,283

Credit Facilities - Additional

Credit Facilities - Additional Information (Details) - Silicon Valley Bank - Revolving Credit Facility - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Apr. 20, 2016
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowings capacity		$ 15,000,000
Credit facility expiration date	Jun. 16, 2017
Term loan borrowings	$ 0

Subsequent Events - Additional

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Details) - Subsequent Event - Digital Fuel $ in Millions	Feb. 02, 2018USD ($)shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Total estimated consideration for acquistion	$ 42.5
Cash consideration for acquisition	$ 38.3
Class A Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued for acquisition | shares	176,406

Quarterly Financial Informati66

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) - Summary of Selected Unaudited Financial Data (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Total revenue	$ 52,367	$ 46,996	$ 45,225	$ 43,931	$ 44,320	$ 40,627	$ 38,779	$ 36,843	$ 188,519	$ 160,569	$ 129,251
Gross profit	37,682	33,066	30,706	28,512	29,900	26,638	25,624	24,247	129,966	106,409	80,074
Net loss	$ (6,890)	$ (5,171)	$ (7,013)	$ (6,547)	$ (7,917)	$ (8,755)	$ (8,985)	$ (5,896)	$ (25,621)	$ (31,553)	$ (41,007)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.17)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.63)	$ (0.69)	$ (0.45)	$ (0.64)	$ (1.61)	$ (3.24)