Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | NOTE 3 SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Research and Development Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of expenditures for manufacturing, clinical trials, employee compensation and consulting costs and expenses. We incurred research and development expenses of approximately $ 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.4 Loss per Share Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss and net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Basic and diluted loss per share are the same, in that any potential common stock equivalents would have the effect of being anti-dilutive in the computation of net loss per share. The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of weighted average shares outstanding as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, as they would be anti-dilutive: Six months ended June 30, 2016 2015 Shares underlying options outstanding 5,615,123 8,926,695 Shares underlying warrants outstanding 40,088,993 18,549,724 Shares underlying convertible preferred stock outstanding 12,354,167 Shares underlying convertible notes outstanding 274,713 58,058,283 27,751,132 Derivative Liability The Company has financial instruments that are considered derivatives or contain embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as derivative liabilities in the Company’s balance sheet. The Company measures these instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. Based upon ASC 840-15-25 (EITF Issue 00-19, paragraph 11) the Company has adopted a sequencing approach regarding the application of ASC 815-40 to its outstanding preferred stock. Pursuant to the sequencing approach, the Company evaluates its contracts based upon earliest issuance date wherein instruments with the earliest issuance date would be settled first. The sequencing policy also considers contingently issuable additional shares, such as those issuable upon a stock split, to have an issuance date to coincide with the event giving rise to the additional shares. Using this sequencing policy, all instruments convertible into common stock, including warrants and the conversion feature of notes payable, issued subsequent to December 25, 2015 are classified as derivative liabilities. The Company values these derivative liabilities using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The resulting liability is valued at each reporting date and the change in the liability is reflected as change in derivative liability in the statement of operations. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our short-term financial instruments, including cash, accounts payable and other liabilities, consist primarily of instruments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. We believe that the fair values of our current assets and current liabilities approximate their reported carrying amounts. The derivative liability consists of our convertible preferred stock with anti-dilution provisions, and related warrants. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its derivative liability which incorporate the Company’s stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free interest rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. Fair Value Measurements Valuation Hierarchy - GAAP establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3: Unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company has recorded a derivative liability for convertible preferred stock with anti-dilution provisions, and related warrants, as of June 30, 2016. The table below summarizes the fair values of our financial liabilities as of June 30, 2016 (in thousands): Fair Value at Fair Value Measurement Using June 30, Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Derivative liability $ 422 $ $ $ 422 The reconciliation of the derivative liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2016 Balance at beginning of year $ 1,177 Additions to derivative instruments Gain on change in fair value of derivative liability (755) Balance at end of year $ 422 Stock-Based Compensation We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. All awards under our stock-based compensation programs are accounted for at fair value and that cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the vesting period). Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees is determined in accordance with the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is a more reliable measurement. Compensation expense for awards granted to non-employees is re-measured on each accounting period. Determining the appropriate fair value of stock-based compensation requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based compensation grant/award and the volatility of our stock price. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value our stock option awards which incorporates our stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free interest rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, “CompensationStock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. The amendments in this update simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on our financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee would be required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The accounting applied by a lessor is largely unchanged from that applied under previous GAAP. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this ASU will have on our financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2014-15 “Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. This update provides guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. The amendments contained in this update are effective for public and nonpublic entities for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-15, and we have not yet determined the effect of the standard on our ongoing financial reporting. There are various other recently issued updates, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries, and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |